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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Моладзь народнага дзеяння – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Моладзь народнага дзеяння" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joventuts_d%27Acci%C3%B3_Popular" title="Joventuts d'Acció Popular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joventuts d'Acció Popular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green"><span class="fn org">Popular Action Youths</span><br /><div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Joventudes de Acción Popular</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg/139px-Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg/208px-Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg/278px-Juventudes_de_Accion_Popular_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Valiente_Soriano" title="José María Valiente Soriano">José María Valiente Soriano</a> (1932-1934)<br />José María Pérez de Laborda (1934-1937)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 1932</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">19 April 1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">FET y de las JONS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ideology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationalism" title="Spanish nationalism">Spanish nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Political_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Catholicism">Political Catholicism</a><br /><b>Factions:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Action_(Spain)" title="Popular Action (Spain)">Popular Action</a> (1932-1933)<br /><a href="/wiki/CEDA" title="CEDA">CEDA</a> (1933-1937)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>JAP</i></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_(2_de_4)_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/300px-Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/450px-Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg/600px-Desfile_militar_del_Frente_Nacional_por_la_avenida_de_la_Libertad_%282_de_4%29_-_Fondo_Mar%C3%ADn-Kutxa_Fototeka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Female JAP section at parade, 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Juventudes de Acción Popular</b> (<b>JAP</b>) was the radicalised youth wing of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Confederation_of_the_Autonomous_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right">CEDA</a>, the main Catholic party during part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>. The organization underwent a process of fascistization whereas their members (<i>japistas</i>) shared a camaraderie with the main fascist and reactionary organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organisation was originally created as a branch of <a href="/wiki/Popular_Action_(Spain)" title="Popular Action (Spain)">Acción Popular</a> in 1933. Its founder and leader was <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Valiente_Soriano" title="José María Valiente Soriano">José María Valiente Soriano</a>. Expelled from CEDA and JAP in 1934 for his secret talks with <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a>, he was replaced by José María Perez de Laborda. </p><p>The JAP emphasized sporting and political activity. It had its own fortnightly paper, the first issue of which proclaimed: 'We want a new state.' The JAP's distaste for the principles of universal suffrage was such that internal decisions were never voted upon. As the thirteenth point of the JAP put it: 'Anti-parliamentarianism. Anti-dictatorship. The people participating in Government in an organic manner, not by degenerate democracy.' The line between Christian corporatism and fascist <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statism</a> became very thin indeed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_G._Payne" title="Stanley G. Payne">Stanley Payne</a> argues that JAP disliked fascist squadrism and denied that their focus on authority and leadership was to be interpreted as support for authoritarianism.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fascist tendencies of the JAP were vividly demonstrated in the series of rallies held by the CEDA youth movement during the course of 1934. Using the title <i>jefe</i> (boss), the JAP created an intense and often disturbing cult around the figure of CEDA leader <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones">Gil Robles</a>. Robles himself had returned from the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg rally">Nuremberg rally</a> in 1933 and spoken of its "youthful enthusiasm, steeped in optimism, so different to the desolate and enervating scepticism of our defeatists and intellectuals." JAP members wore green shirts and employed a salute that mimicked the fascist salute by raising the arm partway up.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the CEDA defeat at the <a href="/wiki/1936_Spanish_general_election" title="1936 Spanish general election">1936 election</a>, the exalted JAP members fled to extreme right organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS" title="Falange Española de las JONS">Falange Española</a> and the Carlist militia <i><a href="/wiki/Requet%C3%A9" title="Requeté">Requeté</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JAP ceased to exist in 1937, following the <a href="/wiki/Unification_Decree_(Spain,_1937)" title="Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)">Unification Decree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A history of the JAP by <a href="/wiki/Sid_Lowe" title="Sid Lowe">Sid Lowe</a> has been published by <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Academic_Press" title="Sussex Academic Press">Sussex Academic Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juventudes_de_Acci%C3%B3n_Popular&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Calleja2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Calleja" title="Eduardo González Calleja">González Calleja, Eduardo</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistaayer.com/sites/default/files/articulos/71-3-ayer71_ExtremaDerechaEspa%C3%B1aContemporanea_Cobo_Ortega.pdf">"La violencia y sus discursos: los límites de la "fascistización" de la derecha española durante el régimen de la Segunda República"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ayer</i>. <b>71</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-2277">1134-2277</a>.</cite><span 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The Franco Regime, 1936–1975. University of Wisconsin Pres, 2011, p.46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1961" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/falangehistoryof00payn"><i>Falange: a history of Spanish fascism</i></a></span>. 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