Bopomofo - Wikipedia

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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bopomofo</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> "Zhuyin" redirects here. For the mythological creature, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhulong_(mythology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhulong (mythology)">Zhulong (mythology)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> Bopomofo, also called Zhuyin Fuhao<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/dʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">joo-YIN foo-HOW</a>; 注音符號; Zhùyīn fúhào; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply Zhuyin,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_transliteration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese transliteration">transliteration system</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> and other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinitic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a>. It is the principal method of teaching Chinese Mandarin pronunciation in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. It consists of 37 characters and five <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> marks, which together can transcribe all possible sounds in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:violet;">Bopomofo <div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Zhuyinbaike.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/250px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/375px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Zhuyinbaike.svg/500px-Zhuyinbaike.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="74"></a> <div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> "Encyclopedia" written in bopomofo </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semisyllabary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Semisyllabary">Semisyllabary</a> </div> with diacritics for tones</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Creator</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation</a></li> <li>Introduced by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beiyang_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> of the Republic of China</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Time period </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> (1918–1958)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a> (1960–2016; as a supplement to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (1945–present)</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th> <td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Right-to-left_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Right-to-left script">right-to-left script</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198269?uselang%3Den%23P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Parent systems </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oracle_bone_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seal_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clerical_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clerical script">Clerical script</a> <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"> <li>Bopomofo</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Child systems </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese_bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese bopomofo">Cantonese bopomofo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suzhou_Phonetic_Symbols&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suzhou Phonetic Symbols (page does not exist)">Suzhou Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hmu_Phonetic_Symbols&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hmu Phonetic Symbols (page does not exist)">Hmu Phonetic Symbols</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Matsu_Fuchounese_bopomofo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Matsu Fuchounese bopomofo (page does not exist)">Matsu Fuchounese bopomofo</a> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E7%25A5%2596%25E9%2596%25A9%25E6%259D%25B1%25EF%25BC%2588%25E7%25A6%258F%25E5%25B7%259E%25EF%25BC%2589%25E8%25AA%259E%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F" class="extiw" title="zh:馬祖閩東（福州）語注音符號">zh</a>]</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_15924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>Bopo <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">(285), Bopomofo</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Unicode alias </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">Bopomofo</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode_range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">U+3100–U+312F</a> (Bopomofo)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">U+31A0–U+31BF</a> (Bopomofo Extended)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"> This article contains <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonetic_transcription?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols</th> </tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F" class="extiw" title="wikt:注音符號">注音符號</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E5%258F%25B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:注音符号">注音符号</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Zhùyīn fúhào</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ㄓㄨˋ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Juh'in fwuhaw</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Chu4-yin1 fu2-hao4</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Jhù-yin fú-hào</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Jùyīn fúhàu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂû.ín fǔ.xâʊ]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Jyuyām Fùhhóu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou2</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsy˧ jɐm˥ fu˩ hɔw˧˥]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Min?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Chù-im hû-hō</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Tsù-im hû-hō</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1223039320">.mw-parser-output .abchis-body{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .abchis-title{text-align:center}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"> Bopomofo was first introduced in China during the 1910s by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beiyang_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a>, where it was used alongside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>, a romanization system which used a modified <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. Today, Bopomofo is more common in Taiwan than on the mainland, and is used as the primary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_input_method?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese input method">electronic input method</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese Mandarin</a>, as well as in dictionaries and other non-official documents. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Terminology">1 Terminology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origins">2.1 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modern_use">2.2 Modern use</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Symbols">3 Symbols</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Writing">4 Writing</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Stroke_order">4.1 Stroke order</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tonal_marks">4.2 Tonal marks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Example">4.3 Example</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Erhua_transcription">4.4 Erhua transcription</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Comparison">5 Comparison</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pinyin">5.1 Pinyin</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chart">5.2 Chart</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin">6 Use outside Standard Mandarin</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Taiwanese_Hokkien">6.1 Taiwanese Hokkien</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cantonese">6.2 Cantonese</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Computer_uses">7 Computer uses</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Input_method">7.1 Input method</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unicode">7.2 Unicode</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Bopomofo is the name used for the system by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Analogous to how the word <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a> is derived from the names of the first two letters <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpha">alpha</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beta">beta</a>, the name bopomofo derives from the first four syllabographs in the system's conventional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexicographic_order?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexicographic order">lexicographic order</a>: ㄅ, ㄆ, ㄇ, and ㄈ.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> the system is commonly known by its official name Zhuyin fuhao (注音符號; 'phonetic symbols'), or simply as zhuyin (注音; 'phonetic notation'). In official documents, it is occasionally called Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I (國語注音符號第一式), abbreviated as "MPS I" (注音一式),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GIO-4">[4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-headlines-5">[5]</a> to distinguish it from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II</a> (MPS II) system published in 1984. Formerly, the system was named Guoyin zimu (國音字母; 'national language alphabet') and Zhuyin zimu (注音字母; 'phonetic alphabet').<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GIO-4">[4]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Phonetic_symbols" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation § Phonetic symbols</a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commission_on_the_Unification_of_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation">Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation</a>, led by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wu_Zhihui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wu Zhihui">Wu Zhihui</a> from 1912 to 1913, created a system called Zhuyin Zimu,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GIO-4">[4]</a> which was based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhang_Binglin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhang Binglin">Zhang Binglin</a>'s shorthand. It was used as the official phonetic script to annotate the sounds of the characters in accordance with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_National_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old National Pronunciation">Old National Pronunciation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dong-6">[6]</a> A draft was released on 11 July 1913, by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until 23 November 1928.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GIO-4">[4]</a> It was first named Guóyīn Zìmǔ 'national pronunciation alphabet', but in April 1930 was renamed Zhùyīn Fúhào 'phonetic symbols' to address fears that the alphabetic system might independently replace <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Modern use" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=File:CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu&page=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-220px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2677" data-file-height="4440"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-220px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-330px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu/page24-440px-CADAL11100176_%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97.djvu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A guide on how to typeset Bopomofo alongside characters. (1936, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Li_Jinxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Li Jinxi">Li Jinxi</a>) </figcaption> </figure> Bopomofo is the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elementary_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> in Taiwan. In elementary school, particularly in the lower years, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with Bopomofo as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruby_character?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruby character">ruby characters</a> as an aid to learning. Additionally, one children's newspaper in Taiwan, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Daily_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Daily News">Mandarin Daily News</a>, annotates all articles with Bopomofo ruby characters. It is also the most popular way for Taiwanese to enter Chinese characters into computers and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smartphone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and to look up characters in a dictionary. In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities such as Filipino Chinese use Bopomofo. Bopomofo is shown in a secondary position to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> in all editions of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">Xiandai Hanyu Cidian</a> from the 1960 edition to the current 2016 edition (7th edition). Bopomofo is also used to transcribe other Chinese dialects, most commonly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, however its use can be applied to practically any dialect in handwriting (because not all letters are encoded). Outside of Chinese, Bopomofo letters are also used in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hmu_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gejia_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gejia language">Ge</a> languages by a small number of Hmu Christians.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Symbols" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/200px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="324" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1748"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 324px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/200px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="324" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/300px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg/400px-%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Table of Bopomofo, with romanization given in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bopomofo_in_Regular,_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/220px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1921" data-file-height="1335"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/220px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/330px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg/440px-Bopomofo_in_Regular%2C_Handwritten_Regular_%26_Cursive_formats.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Bopomofo in Regular, Handwritten Regular & Cursive formats </figcaption> </figure> The Bopomofo characters were created by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhang_Binglin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhang Binglin">Zhang Binglin</a>, taken mainly from "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regular_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regular script">regularized</a>" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents. The consonants are listed in order of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Place_of_articulation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a>, from the front of the mouth to the back, /b/, /p/, /m/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /l/ etc. <div style="text-align:center;"> Origin of bopomofo symbols </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14left td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15left td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16left td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17left td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18left td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19left td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20left td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21left td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22left td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23left td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24left td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25left td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26left td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27left td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28left td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29left td:nth-child(29){text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col1center td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2center td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3center td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4center td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5center td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6center td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7center td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8center td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9center td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10center td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11center td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12center td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13center td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14center td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15center td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16center td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17center td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18center td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19center td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20center td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21center td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22center td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23center td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24center td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25center td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26center td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable defaultcenter col2left" style="display:inline-table;"> <caption> Consonants </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th style="width:500px;">Origin<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">WG</a></th> <th width="100">Example</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄅ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258B%25B9%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:勹">勹</a>, the ancient form and current top portion of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%2585%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:包">包</a> bāo, "to wrap up; package"</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>p</td> <td>包 bāo ㄅㄠ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄆ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25B5%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:攵">攵</a>, a variant form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25B4%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:攴">攴</a> pū, "to knock lightly".</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></td> <td>p</td> <td>pʻ</td> <td>撲 pū ㄆㄨ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄇ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2586%2582%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:冂">冂</a>, the archaic character and current "cover" <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radical</a> 冖 mì.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></td> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>冞 mí ㄇㄧˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄈ</td> <td>From the "right open box" <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radical_(Chinese_characters)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical (Chinese characters)">radical</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258C%259A%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:匚">匚</a> fāng.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></td> <td>f</td> <td>f</td> <td>匪 fěi ㄈㄟˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄉ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%259A%25A3%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠚣">𠚣</a>, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2588%2580%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:刀">刀</a> dāo, "blade". Compare the Shuowen seal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%88%80-seal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/22px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/22px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/33px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%E5%88%80-seal.svg/44px-%E5%88%80-seal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></td> <td>d</td> <td>t</td> <td>地 dì ㄉㄧˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄊ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%25AB%2593%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠫓">𠫓</a> tū, an upside-down form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%2590%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a> zǐ and an ancient form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E7%25AA%2581%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:突">突</a> tū (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/33px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg/44px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_528.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/22px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/33px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg/44px-Shuowen_Seal_Radical_525.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seal_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seal script">seal script</a>)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></td> <td>t</td> <td>tʻ</td> <td>提 tí ㄊㄧˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄋ</td> <td>From <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E4%B9%83-seal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/%E4%B9%83-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B9%83-seal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>/<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2584%258E%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠄎">𠄎</a>, ancient form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%2583%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乃">乃</a> nǎi, "to be" (a copula in Classical Chinese).</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></td> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>你 nǐ ㄋㄧˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄌ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%25A0%25B2%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠠲">𠠲</a>, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258A%259B%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:力">力</a> lì, "power".</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></td> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>利 lì ㄌㄧˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄍ</td> <td>From the obsolete character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%259C%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:巜">巜</a> guì/kuài, "ditch".</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></td> <td>g</td> <td>k</td> <td>告 gào ㄍㄠˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄎ</td> <td>From the archaic character, now "breath" or "sigh" component <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2582%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丂">丂</a> kǎo.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></td> <td>k</td> <td>kʻ</td> <td>考 kǎo ㄎㄠˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄏ</td> <td>From the archaic character and current radical <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258E%2582%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厂">厂</a> hǎn.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></td> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td>好 hǎo ㄏㄠˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄐ</td> <td>From the archaic character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25A9%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丩">丩</a> jiū.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></td> <td>j</td> <td>ch</td> <td>叫 jiào ㄐㄧㄠˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄑ</td> <td>From the archaic character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A1%25BF%25A8%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡿨">𡿨</a> quǎn, graphic root of the character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%259B" class="extiw" title="wikt:巛">巛</a> chuān, "river" (modern <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B7%259D" class="extiw" title="wikt:川">川</a>).</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">tɕʰ</a></td> <td>q</td> <td>chʻ</td> <td>巧 qiǎo ㄑㄧㄠˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄒ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2585%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丅">丅</a>, an ancient form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%258B%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:下">下</a> xià, "under".</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></td> <td>x</td> <td>hs</td> <td>小 xiǎo ㄒㄧㄠˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄓ</td> <td>From <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B9%8B-seal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>/<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A1%25B3%25BF%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡳿">𡳿</a>, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%258B%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:之">之</a> zhī, a genitive marker in Classical Chinese.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">ʈʂ</a></td> <td>zhi, zh-</td> <td>ch</td> <td>知 zhī ㄓ; 主 zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄔ</td> <td>From the character and radical <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25BD%25B3%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:彳">彳</a> chì</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">ʈʂʰ</a></td> <td>chi, ch-</td> <td>chʻ</td> <td>吃 chī ㄔ; 出 chū ㄔㄨ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄕ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A1%25B0%25A3%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𡰣">𡰣</a>, an ancient form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25B8%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:尸">尸</a> shī</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></td> <td>shi, sh-</td> <td>sh</td> <td>是 shì ㄕˋ; 束 shù ㄕㄨˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄖ</td> <td>Modified from the seal script <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5-seal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/22px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/22px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/33px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%97%A5-seal.svg/44px-%E6%97%A5-seal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%2597%25A5%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:日">日</a> rì, "day" or "sun".</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allophone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allophone">~</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></td> <td>ri, r-</td> <td>j</td> <td>日 rì ㄖˋ; 入 rù ㄖㄨˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>From the archaic character and current radical <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258D%25A9%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:卩">卩</a> jié, dialectically zié ([tsjě]; tsieh² in Wade–Giles)</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></td> <td>zi, z-</td> <td>ts</td> <td>字 zì ㄗˋ; 在 zài ㄗㄞˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2580%2581%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀁">𠀁</a>, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2583%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:七">七</a> qī, dialectically ciī ([tsʰí]; tsʻi¹ in Wade–Giles). Compare semi-cursive form <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Qi1_seven_semicursive.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Qi1_seven_semicursive.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="18"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 18px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Qi1_seven_semicursive.png" data-width="23" data-height="18" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> and seal-script <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E4%B8%83-seal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/22px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/33px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E4%B8%83-seal.svg/44px-%E4%B8%83-seal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspirated_consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aspirated consonant">tsʰ</a></td> <td>ci, c-</td> <td>tsʻ</td> <td>詞 cí ㄘˊ; 才 cái ㄘㄞˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄙ</td> <td>From the archaic character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258E%25B6%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厶">厶</a> sī, which was later replaced by its compound <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E7%25A7%2581%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:私">私</a> sī.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></td> <td>si, s-</td> <td>s</td> <td>四 sì ㄙˋ; 塞 sāi ㄙㄞ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275"> <table class="wikitable defaultcenter col2left" style="display:inline-table;"> <caption> Rhymes and medials </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th style="width:500px;">Origin</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">WG</a></th> <th>Example</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25AB%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丫">丫</a> yā</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></td> <td>a</td> <td>a</td> <td>大 dà ㄉㄚˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄛ</td> <td>From the obsolete character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2580%2580%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀀">𠀀</a> hē, inhalation, the reverse of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2582%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:丂">丂</a> kǎo, which is preserved as a phonetic in the compound <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25AF%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:可">可</a> kě.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-u20000-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>多 duō ㄉㄨㄛ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄜ</td> <td>Derived from its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allophone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allophone">allophone</a> in Standard Chinese, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E3%2584%259B%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:ㄛ">ㄛ</a> o</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></td> <td>e</td> <td>o/ê</td> <td>得 dé ㄉㄜˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄝ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259F%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:也">也</a> yě, "also". Compare the Warring States bamboo form <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ye3_also_chu3jian3_warring_state_of_chu3_small.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ye3_also_chu3jian3_warring_state_of_chu3_small.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="23" data-file-height="17"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ye3_also_chu3jian3_warring_state_of_chu3_small.png" data-width="23" data-height="17" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></td> <td>-ie/ê</td> <td>eh</td> <td>爹 diē ㄉㄧㄝ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄞ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2580%2585%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠀅">𠀅</a> hài, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25A5%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:亥">亥</a>.</td> <td>ai</td> <td>ai</td> <td>ai</td> <td>晒 shài ㄕㄞˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄟ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%2581%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乁">乁</a> yí, an obsolete character meaning <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E7%25A7%25BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:移">移</a> yí, "to move".</td> <td>ei</td> <td>ei</td> <td>ei</td> <td>誰 shéi ㄕㄟˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄠ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B9%25BA%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:幺">幺</a> yāo</td> <td>au</td> <td>ao</td> <td>ao</td> <td>少 shǎo ㄕㄠˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄡ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%2588%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:又">又</a> yòu</td> <td>ou</td> <td>ou</td> <td>ou</td> <td>收 shōu ㄕㄡ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄢ</td> <td>From the archaic character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A2%258E%2598%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𢎘">𢎘</a> hàn "to bloom", preserved as a phonetic in the compound 犯 fàn</td> <td>an</td> <td>an</td> <td>an</td> <td>山 shān ㄕㄢ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄣ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2583%2589%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠃉">𠃉</a>, archaic variant of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E9%25B3%25A6%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:鳦">鳦</a> yǐ or <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%259A%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:乚">乚</a> yà<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> (乚 is  yǐn according to other sources<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-u4E5A-14">[14]</a>)</td> <td>ən</td> <td>en</td> <td>ên</td> <td>申 shēn ㄕㄣ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄤ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B0%25A2%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:尢">尢</a> wāng</td> <td>aŋ</td> <td>ang</td> <td>ang</td> <td>上 shàng ㄕㄤˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄥ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25F0%25A0%2583%258B%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:𠃋">𠃋</a>, archaic form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E8%2582%25B1%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:肱">肱</a> gōng<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td> <td>əŋ</td> <td>eng</td> <td>êng</td> <td>生 shēng ㄕㄥ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄦ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2584%25BF%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:儿">儿</a>, the bottom portion of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2585%2592" class="extiw" title="wikt:兒">兒</a> ér used as a cursive and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified</a> form</td> <td>aɚ</td> <td>er</td> <td>êrh</td> <td>而 ér ㄦˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄧ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bpmf-i.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/24px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/32px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2580%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:一">一</a> yī, "one"</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></td> <td>y, yi, -i</td> <td>i</td> <td>以 yǐ ㄧˇ; 逆 nì ㄋㄧˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>From <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E3%2590%2585%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:㐅">㐅</a>, ancient form of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%2594" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a> wǔ, "five". Compare the transitory form 𠄡.</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></td> <td>w, wu, -u</td> <td>u/w</td> <td>努 nǔ ㄋㄨˇ; 我 wǒ ㄨㄛˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄩ</td> <td>From the ancient character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2587%25B5%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:凵">凵</a> qū, which remains as a radical</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></td> <td>yu, -ü</td> <td>ü/yü</td> <td>雨 yǔ ㄩˇ; 女 nǚ ㄋㄩˇ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㄭ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/15px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/15px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/23px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/30px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>From the character <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%2580%23Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:帀">帀</a>. It represents the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fricative_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative vowel">fricative vowel</a> of ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ，ㄙ，though it is not used after them in transcription.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ̩</a>~<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ̩</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ̩</a>~<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z̩</a></td> <td>-i</td> <td>ih/ŭ</td> <td>資 zī ㄗ; 知 zhī ㄓ; 死 sǐ ㄙˇ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Writing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Stroke_order">Stroke order</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Stroke order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bopomofo is written in the same <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stroke_order?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stroke order">stroke order</a> rule as Chinese characters. ㄖ is written with three strokes, unlike the character from which it is derived (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 日; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: rì), which has four strokes. ㄧ can be written as a vertical line (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bpmf-i2.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/16px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/16px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/24px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bpmf-i2.svg/32px-Bpmf-i2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>) or a horizontal line (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bpmf-i.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/16px-Bpmf-i.svg.png" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/24px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bpmf-i.svg/32px-Bpmf-i.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>); both are accepted forms. Traditionally, it should be written as a horizontal line in vertical writing, and a vertical line in horizontal writing. The People's Republic of China almost exclusively uses horizontal writing, so the vertical form (in the rare occasion that Bopomofo is used) has become the standard form there. Language education in the Republic of China generally uses vertical writing, so most people learn it as a horizontal line, and use a horizontal form even in horizontal writing. In 2008, the Taiwanese Ministry of Education decided that the primary form should always be the horizontal form, but that the vertical form is accepted alternative.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Unicode 8.0.0 published an errata in 2014 that updates the representative glyph to be the horizontal form.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Computer fonts may only display one form or the other, or may be able to display both if the font is aware of changes needed for vertical writing. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%85-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/79px-%E3%84%85-bw.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="121"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 79px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/79px-%E3%84%85-bw.png" data-width="79" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/118px-%E3%84%85-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%E3%84%85-bw.png/157px-%E3%84%85-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; 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height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%A6-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E3%84%A6-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A6-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="115"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 25px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E3%84%A6-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A6-bw.png" data-width="80" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E3%84%A6-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A6-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E3%84%A6-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A6-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%A7-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E3%84%A7-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A7-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="111"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 35px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E3%84%A7-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A7-bw.png" data-width="80" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E3%84%A7-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A7-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E3%84%A7-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A7-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%A8-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="109"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E3%84%A8-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A8-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%A9-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="103"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 23px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png" data-width="80" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%E3%84%A9-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%A9-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 115px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px; height: 70px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E3%84%AD-bw.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="106"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/80px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png" data-width="80" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/120px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%E3%84%AD-bw.png/160px-%E3%84%AD-bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"></div></li> </ul> Bopomofo is occasionally unofficially handwritten as syllable blocks, similar to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hangul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, however this is not considered an accepted form by the People's Republic of China nor the Republic of China, and is unsupported by Unicode. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tonal_marks">Tonal marks</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tonal marks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As shown in the following table, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin phonology">tone</a> marks for the second, third, and fourth tones are shared between bopomofo and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin_tones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin tones">pinyin</a>. In bopomofo, the mark for first tone is usually omitted but can be included,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bopomofo2017-19">[19]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20">[20]</a> while a dot above indicates the fifth tone (also known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neutral_tone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral tone">neutral tone</a>). In pinyin, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> (overbar) indicates the first tone, and the lack of a marker usually indicates the fifth (light) tone. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tone_number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tone number">Tone</a></th> <th colspan="2">Bopomofo</th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th>Tone Marker</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Name</th> <th>Tone Marker</th> <th>Unicode Name</th> </tr> <tr> <th>1</th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˉ</td> <td>Modifier Letter Macron (usually omitted)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bopomofo2017-19">[19]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20">[20]</a></td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">◌̄</td> <td>Combining Macron</td> </tr> <tr> <th>2</th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˊ</td> <td>Modifier Letter Acute Accent</td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">◌́</td> <td>Combining Acute Accent</td> </tr> <tr> <th>3</th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˇ</td> <td>Caron</td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">◌̌</td> <td>Combining Caron</td> </tr> <tr> <th>4</th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">ˋ</td> <td>Modifier Letter Grave Accent</td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">◌̀</td> <td>Combining Grave Accent</td> </tr> <tr> <th>5</th> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">˙</td> <td>Dot Above<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a></td> <td style="text-align: center; font-size: 200%;">·</td> <td>Middle Dot (usually omitted)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Unlike Hanyu Pinyin, Bopomofo aligns well with the Chinese characters in books whose texts are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">printed vertically</a>, making Bopomofo better suited for annotating the pronunciation of vertically oriented Chinese text. When used in conjunction with Chinese characters, Bopomofo is typically placed to the right of the Chinese character vertically in both <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">vertical print</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">horizontal print</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> or to the top of the Chinese character in a horizontal print (see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruby_character?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruby character">Ruby characters</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Example">Example</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Example" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Below is an example for the word "bottle" (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: píngzi): <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0 0.5em;"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">瓶</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em">ㄆ ㄧ ㄥˊ</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">子</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em">˙ ㄗ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="padding:0 1.5em">,</td> <td> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">瓶</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em">ㄆ ㄧ ㄥˊ</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">子</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em">˙ ㄗ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="padding:0 1.5em">or</td> <td> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center">ㄆㄧㄥˊ</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:0.8em; text-align:center">˙ㄗ</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">瓶</td> <td style="line-height:1em; font-size:2em">子</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Erhua_transcription">Erhua transcription</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Erhua transcription" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Words rhotacized as a result of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erhua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erhua">erhua</a> are spelled with ㄦ attached to the syllable (like <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1163242311">.mw-parser-output .templateruby>rt{font-variant-east-asian:ruby;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output .templateruby.large>rt{font-size:50%}</style><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">歌兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍㄜㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> gēr). In case the syllable uses other tones than the 1st tone, the tone mark is attached to the penultimate letter standing for syllable nucleus, but not to ㄦ (e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">哪兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋㄚˇㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2593%25AA%25E5%2585%2592" class="extiw" title="wikt:哪兒">nǎr</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">一<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">點兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉㄧㄢˇㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2580%25E9%25BB%259E%25E5%2585%2592" class="extiw" title="wikt:一點兒">yīdiǎnr</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">好<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏㄠˇ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1163242311"><ruby lang="zh-Hant" class="templateruby">玩兒<rp>（</rp><rt class="bopomofo" lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄢˊㄦ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E7%258E%25A9%25E5%2585%2592" class="extiw" title="wikt:好玩兒">hǎowánr</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Comparison">Comparison</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Comparison" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pinyin">Pinyin</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Pinyin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bopomofo and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations; hence there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two systems: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption> IPA and pinyin counterparts of Bopomofo finals </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"></th> <th colspan="14">Rhyme</th> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th></th> <th>ㄚ</th> <th>ㄛ</th> <th>ㄜ</th> <th>ㄝ</th> <th>ㄞ</th> <th>ㄟ</th> <th>ㄠ</th> <th>ㄡ</th> <th>ㄢ</th> <th>ㄣ</th> <th>ㄤ</th> <th>ㄥ</th> <th>ㄦ</th> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Medial</th> <th></th> <td>[ɨ] (ㄭ) 1 -i</td> <td>[a] ㄚ a -a</td> <td>[o] ㄛ 3 o -o 3</td> <td>[ɤ] ㄜ e -e</td> <td>[ɛ] ㄝ ê  </td> <td>[ai̯] ㄞ ai -ai</td> <td>[ei̯] ㄟ ei -ei</td> <td>[ɑu̯] ㄠ ao -ao</td> <td>[ou̯] ㄡ ou -ou</td> <td>[an] ㄢ an -an</td> <td>[ən] ㄣ en -en</td> <td>[ɑŋ] ㄤ ang -ang</td> <td>[ɤŋ] ㄥ eng -eng</td> <td>[aɚ] ㄦ er  </td> </tr> <tr> <th>ㄧ</th> <td>[i] ㄧ yi -i</td> <td>[i̯a] ㄧㄚ ya -ia</td> <td>[i̯o] ㄧㄛ yo  </td> <td></td> <td>[i̯ɛ] ㄧㄝ ye -ie</td> <td>[i̯ai̯] ㄧㄞ yai  </td> <td></td> <td>[i̯ɑu̯] ㄧㄠ yao -iao</td> <td>[i̯ou̯] ㄧㄡ you -iu</td> <td>[i̯ɛn] ㄧㄢ yan -ian</td> <td>[in] ㄧㄣ yin -in</td> <td>[i̯ɑŋ] ㄧㄤ yang -iang</td> <td>[iŋ] ㄧㄥ ying -ing</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th>ㄨ</th> <td>[u] ㄨ wu -u</td> <td>[u̯a] ㄨㄚ wa -ua</td> <td>[u̯o] ㄨㄛ 3 wo -uo 3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[u̯ai̯] ㄨㄞ wai -uai</td> <td>[u̯ei̯] ㄨㄟ wei -ui</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[u̯an] ㄨㄢ wan -uan</td> <td>[u̯ən] ㄨㄣ wen -un</td> <td>[u̯ɑŋ] ㄨㄤ wang -uang</td> <td>[u̯ɤŋ], [ʊŋ] ㄨㄥ weng -ong 4</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th>ㄩ</th> <td>[y] ㄩ yu -ü 2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[y̯ɛ] ㄩㄝ yue -üe 2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[y̯ɛn] ㄩㄢ yuan -üan 2</td> <td>[yn] ㄩㄣ yun -ün 2</td> <td></td> <td>[i̯ʊŋ] ㄩㄥ yong -iong</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 1 Not written. 2 ⟨-ü⟩ is written as ⟨-u⟩ after ⟨j-⟩, ⟨q-⟩, ⟨x-⟩, or ⟨y-⟩. 3 ⟨ㄨㄛ⟩/⟨-uo⟩ is written as ⟨ㄛ⟩/⟨-o⟩ after ⟨ㄅ⟩/⟨b-⟩, ⟨ㄆ⟩/⟨p-⟩, ⟨ㄇ⟩/⟨m-⟩, ⟨ㄈ⟩/⟨f-⟩. 4 ⟨weng⟩ is pronounced [ʊŋ] (written as ⟨-ong⟩) when it follows an initial. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Chart">Chart</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Chart" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> Vowels a, e, o </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th scope="col">a</th> <th scope="col">ɔ</th> <th scope="col">ɛ</th> <th scope="col">ɤ</th> <th scope="col">ai</th> <th scope="col">ei</th> <th scope="col">au</th> <th scope="col">ou</th> <th scope="col">an</th> <th scope="col">ən</th> <th scope="col">aŋ</th> <th scope="col">əŋ</th> <th scope="col">ʊŋ</th> <th scope="col">aɹ</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <td rowspan="3">a</td> <td rowspan="3">o</td> <td rowspan="2">ê</td> <td rowspan="2">e</td> <td rowspan="3">ai</td> <td rowspan="3">ei</td> <td rowspan="3">ao</td> <td rowspan="3">ou</td> <td rowspan="3">an</td> <td rowspan="2">en</td> <td rowspan="3">ang</td> <td rowspan="2">eng</td> <td rowspan="2">ong</td> <td rowspan="2">er</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td>eh</td> <td>ê/o</td> <td>ên</td> <td>êng</td> <td>ung</td> <td>êrh</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td>ㄚ</td> <td>ㄛ</td> <td>ㄝ</td> <td>ㄜ</td> <td>ㄞ</td> <td>ㄟ</td> <td>ㄠ</td> <td>ㄡ</td> <td>ㄢ</td> <td>ㄣ</td> <td>ㄤ</td> <td>ㄥ</td> <td>ㄨㄥ</td> <td>ㄦ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example</th> <td>阿</td> <td>喔</td> <td>誒</td> <td>俄</td> <td>艾</td> <td>黑</td> <td>凹</td> <td>偶</td> <td>安</td> <td>恩</td> <td>昂</td> <td>冷</td> <td>中</td> <td>二</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> Vowels i, u, y </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th scope="col">i</th> <th scope="col">je</th> <th scope="col">jou</th> <th scope="col">jɛn</th> <th scope="col">in</th> <th scope="col">iŋ</th> <th scope="col">jʊŋ</th> <th scope="col">u</th> <th scope="col">wo</th> <th scope="col">wei</th> <th scope="col">wən</th> <th scope="col">wəŋ</th> <th scope="col">y</th> <th scope="col">ɥe</th> <th scope="col">ɥɛn</th> <th scope="col">yn</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <td rowspan="2">yi</td> <td rowspan="2">ye</td> <td rowspan="2">you</td> <td rowspan="2">yan</td> <td rowspan="3">yin</td> <td rowspan="3">ying</td> <td rowspan="2">yong</td> <td rowspan="3">wu</td> <td rowspan="3">wo/o</td> <td rowspan="3">wei</td> <td>wen</td> <td>weng</td> <td rowspan="2">yu</td> <td rowspan="2">yue</td> <td rowspan="2">yuan</td> <td rowspan="2">yun</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td>wun</td> <td>wong</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td>i/yi</td> <td>yeh</td> <td>yu</td> <td>yen</td> <td>yung</td> <td>wên</td> <td>wêng</td> <td>yü</td> <td>yüeh</td> <td>yüan</td> <td>yün</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td>ㄧ</td> <td>ㄧㄝ</td> <td>ㄧㄡ</td> <td>ㄧㄢ</td> <td>ㄧㄣ</td> <td>ㄧㄥ</td> <td>ㄩㄥ</td> <td>ㄨ</td> <td>ㄨㄛ/ㄛ</td> <td>ㄨㄟ</td> <td>ㄨㄣ</td> <td>ㄨㄥ</td> <td>ㄩ</td> <td>ㄩㄝ</td> <td>ㄩㄢ</td> <td>ㄩㄣ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example</th> <td>一</td> <td>也</td> <td>又</td> <td>言</td> <td>音</td> <td>英</td> <td>用</td> <td>五</td> <td>我</td> <td>位</td> <td>文</td> <td>翁</td> <td>玉</td> <td>月</td> <td>元</td> <td>雲</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> Non-sibilant consonants </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th scope="col">p</th> <th scope="col">pʰ</th> <th scope="col">m</th> <th scope="col">fəŋ</th> <th scope="col">tjou</th> <th scope="col">twei</th> <th scope="col">twən</th> <th scope="col">tʰɤ</th> <th scope="col">ny</th> <th scope="col">ly</th> <th scope="col">kɤ</th> <th scope="col">kʰɤ</th> <th scope="col">xɤ</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <td rowspan="2">b</td> <td rowspan="2">p</td> <td rowspan="3">m</td> <td>feng</td> <td>diu</td> <td>dui</td> <td rowspan="2">dun</td> <td rowspan="2">te</td> <td>nü</td> <td>lü</td> <td rowspan="2">ge</td> <td rowspan="2">ke</td> <td rowspan="2">he</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td>fong</td> <td>diou</td> <td>duei</td> <td>nyu</td> <td>lyu</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td>p</td> <td>pʻ</td> <td>fêng</td> <td>tiu</td> <td>tui</td> <td>tun</td> <td>tʻê</td> <td>nü</td> <td>lü</td> <td>ko</td> <td>kʻo</td> <td>ho</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td>ㄅ</td> <td>ㄆ</td> <td>ㄇ</td> <td>ㄈㄥ</td> <td>ㄉㄧㄡ</td> <td>ㄉㄨㄟ</td> <td>ㄉㄨㄣ</td> <td>ㄊㄜ</td> <td>ㄋㄩ</td> <td>ㄌㄩ</td> <td>ㄍㄜ</td> <td>ㄎㄜ</td> <td>ㄏㄜ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example</th> <td>玻</td> <td>婆</td> <td>末</td> <td>封</td> <td>丟</td> <td>兌</td> <td>頓</td> <td>特</td> <td>女</td> <td>旅</td> <td>歌</td> <td>可</td> <td>何</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> Sibilant consonants </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th scope="col">tɕjɛn</th> <th scope="col">tɕjʊŋ</th> <th scope="col">tɕʰin</th> <th scope="col">ɕɥɛn</th> <th scope="col">ʈʂɤ</th> <th scope="col">ʈʂɨ</th> <th scope="col">ʈʂʰɤ</th> <th scope="col">ʈʂʰɨ</th> <th scope="col">ʂɤ</th> <th scope="col">ʂɨ</th> <th scope="col">ɻɤ</th> <th scope="col">ɻɨ</th> <th scope="col">tsɤ</th> <th scope="col">tswo</th> <th scope="col">tsɨ</th> <th scope="col">tsʰɤ</th> <th scope="col">tsʰɨ</th> <th scope="col">sɤ</th> <th scope="col">sɨ</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <td rowspan="2">jian</td> <td>jiong</td> <td>qin</td> <td>xuan</td> <td>zhe</td> <td>zhi</td> <td rowspan="2">che</td> <td>chi</td> <td rowspan="2">she</td> <td>shi</td> <td rowspan="2">re</td> <td>ri</td> <td rowspan="2">ze</td> <td rowspan="2">zuo</td> <td>zi</td> <td rowspan="2">ce</td> <td>ci</td> <td rowspan="2">se</td> <td>si</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td>jyong</td> <td>cin</td> <td>syuan</td> <td>jhe</td> <td>jhih</td> <td>chih</td> <td>shih</td> <td>rih</td> <td>zih</td> <td>cih</td> <td>sih</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td>chien</td> <td>chiung</td> <td>chʻin</td> <td>hsüan</td> <td>chê</td> <td>chih</td> <td>chʻê</td> <td>chʻih</td> <td>shê</td> <td>shih</td> <td>jê</td> <td>jih</td> <td>tsê</td> <td>tso</td> <td>tzŭ</td> <td>tsʻê</td> <td>tzʻŭ</td> <td>sê</td> <td>ssŭ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td>ㄐㄧㄢ</td> <td>ㄐㄩㄥ</td> <td>ㄑㄧㄣ</td> <td>ㄒㄩㄢ</td> <td>ㄓㄜ</td> <td>ㄓ</td> <td>ㄔㄜ</td> <td>ㄔ</td> <td>ㄕㄜ</td> <td>ㄕ</td> <td>ㄖㄜ</td> <td>ㄖ</td> <td>ㄗㄜ</td> <td>ㄗㄨㄛ</td> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>ㄘㄜ</td> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>ㄙㄜ</td> <td>ㄙ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example</th> <td>件</td> <td>囧</td> <td>秦</td> <td>宣</td> <td>哲</td> <td>之</td> <td>扯</td> <td>赤</td> <td>社</td> <td>是</td> <td>惹</td> <td>日</td> <td>仄</td> <td>左</td> <td>字</td> <td>策</td> <td>次</td> <td>色</td> <td>斯</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> Tones </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th scope="col">ma˥</th> <th scope="col">ma˧˥</th> <th scope="col">ma˨˩˦</th> <th scope="col">ma˥˩</th> <th scope="col">ma</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <td>mā</td> <td rowspan="2">má</td> <td rowspan="2">mǎ</td> <td rowspan="2">mà</td> <td>ma</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td>ma</td> <td>må</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td>ma1</td> <td>ma2</td> <td>ma3</td> <td>ma4</td> <td>ma</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <th scope="row" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bopomofo</a></th> <td>ㄇㄚ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˊ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˇ</td> <td>ㄇㄚˋ</td> <td>˙ㄇㄚ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-hant"> <th scope="row" lang="en">example (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>)</th> <td>媽</td> <td>麻</td> <td>馬</td> <td>罵</td> <td>嗎</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Use_outside_Standard_Mandarin">Use outside Standard Mandarin</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Use outside Standard Mandarin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Bopomofo symbols for non-Mandarin <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> are added to Unicode in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended</a> block. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Taiwanese_Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Taiwanese Hokkien" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a> </div> In Taiwan, Bopomofo is used to teach <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a>, and is also used to transcribe it phonetically in contexts such as on storefront signs, karaoke lyrics, and film subtitles. Three letters no longer used for Mandarin are carried over from the 1913 standard: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">GR</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㄪ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></td> <td>v</td> <td>v</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㄫ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></td> <td>ng</td> <td>ng</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㄬ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></td> <td>gn</td> <td>gn</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 23 more letters were added specifically for Taiwanese Hokkien: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A2i-u%C3%A2n_L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1-j%C4%AB_Phing-im_Hong-%C3%A0n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn">TL</a></th> <th>Derivation</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆠ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>ㄅ with voicing circle</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆣ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></td> <td>g</td> <td>ㄍ with voicing circle</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆢ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">d͡ʑ</a></td> <td>ji</td> <td>ㄐ with voicing circle</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆡ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a></td> <td>j</td> <td>ㄗ with voicing circle</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆨ</td> <td>ɨ</td> <td>ir</td> <td>ㄨ and ㄧ combined (?)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆦ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></td> <td>oo</td> <td>from ㄛ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆤ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></td> <td>e</td> <td>from ㄝ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆩ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open front unrounded vowel">ã</a></td> <td>ann</td> <td>ㄚ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆧ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open front unrounded vowel">ɔ̃</a></td> <td>onn</td> <td>ㆦ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆥ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">ẽ</a></td> <td>enn</td> <td>ㆤ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆪ/ㆳ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close front unrounded vowel">ĩ</a></td> <td>inn</td> <td>ㄧ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆫ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close back rounded vowel">ũ</a></td> <td>unn</td> <td>ㄨ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆮ</td> <td>ãĩ</td> <td>ainn</td> <td>ㄞ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆯ</td> <td>ãũ</td> <td>aunn</td> <td>ㄠ with nasal curl</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆰ</td> <td>am</td> <td>am</td> <td>ㄚ and ㄇ combined</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆱ</td> <td>ɔm</td> <td>om</td> <td>ㆦ and ㄇ combined</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆲ</td> <td>ɔŋ</td> <td>ong</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆬ</td> <td>m̩</td> <td>m</td> <td>ㄇ with syllabic stroke</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆭ</td> <td>ŋ̍</td> <td>ng</td> <td>ㄫ with syllabic stroke</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆴ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_audible_release?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="No audible release">-p̚</a></td> <td>-p</td> <td>small ㄅ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆵ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_audible_release?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="No audible release">-t̚</a></td> <td>-t</td> <td>small ㄉ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆻ/ㆶ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_audible_release?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="No audible release">-k̚</a></td> <td>-k</td> <td>small ㄍ (and variant small ㄎ)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ㆷ</td> <td>-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glottal_stop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></td> <td>-h</td> <td>small ㄏ</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Two tone marks were added for the additional tones: ˪, ˫ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cantonese">Cantonese</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cantonese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese_Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese Bopomofo">Cantonese Bopomofo</a> </div> The following letters are used in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cantonese-bopomofo-27">[27]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Bopomofo</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㆼ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labialization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></td> <td>gw</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㆽ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labialization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labialization">kʷʰ</a></td> <td>kw</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㆾ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></td> <td>eo</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>ㆿ</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></td> <td>a</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> If a syllable ends with a consonant other than -an or -aan, the consonant's letter is added, then followed by a final middle dot. -ㄞ is used for [aːi] (aai) (e.g. 敗, ㄅㄞ baai6, "to be defeated"). -ㄣ is used for [ɐn] (an) (e.g. 跟, ㄍㄣ gan1, "to follow"), and -ㄢ is used for [aːn] (aan) (e.g. 間, ㄍㄢ gaan1, "within"). Other vowels that end with -n use -ㄋ· for the final ㄋ. (e.g. 見, ㄍㄧㄋ· gin3, "to see"). -ㄡ is used for [ɐu] (au). (e.g. 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau4, "cow") To transcribe [ou] (ou), it is written as ㄛㄨ (e.g. 路, ㄌㄛㄨ lou6, "path"). ㄫ is used for both initial ng- (as in 牛, ㄫㄡ, ngau4) and final -ng (as in 用, ㄧㄛㄫ·, jung6 "to use"). ㄐ is used for [t͡s] (z) (e.g. 煑, ㄐㄩ zyu2, "to cook") and ㄑ is used for [t͡sʰ] (c) (e.g. 全, ㄑㄩㄋ· cyun4, "whole"). During the time when Bopomofo was proposed for Cantonese, tones were not marked. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Computer_uses">Computer uses</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Computer uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Input_method">Input method</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Input method" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bopomofo.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/150px-Bopomofo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="402"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 172px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/150px-Bopomofo.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/225px-Bopomofo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bopomofo.jpg/300px-Bopomofo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> An example of a Bopomofo keypad for Taiwan </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/300px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="327"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 101px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/300px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/450px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg/600px-Keyboard_layout_Zhuyin.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A typical <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keyboard_layout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> for Bopomofo on computers </figcaption> </figure> Bopomofo can be used as an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">input method for Chinese characters</a>. It is one of the few input methods that can be found on most modern personal computers without having to download or install any additional software. It is also one of the few input methods that can be used for inputting Chinese characters on certain <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cell_phone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phone">cell phones</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. On the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QWERTY?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboard, the symbols are ordered column-wise top-down (e.g. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Q</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Z</kbd>) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Unicode" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo_(Unicode_block)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo (Unicode block)">Bopomofo (Unicode block)</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended (Unicode block)</a> </div> Bopomofo was added to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0. The Unicode block for Bopomofo is U+3100–U+312F: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo_(Unicode_block)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo (Unicode block)">Bopomofo</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_U3100_grey">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td> </tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+310x</td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"></td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"></td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"></td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"></td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"></td> <td title="U+3105: BOPOMOFO LETTER B">ㄅ</td> <td title="U+3106: BOPOMOFO LETTER P">ㄆ</td> <td title="U+3107: BOPOMOFO LETTER M">ㄇ</td> <td title="U+3108: BOPOMOFO LETTER F">ㄈ</td> <td title="U+3109: BOPOMOFO LETTER D">ㄉ</td> <td title="U+310A: BOPOMOFO LETTER T">ㄊ</td> <td title="U+310B: BOPOMOFO LETTER N">ㄋ</td> <td title="U+310C: BOPOMOFO LETTER L">ㄌ</td> <td title="U+310D: BOPOMOFO LETTER G">ㄍ</td> <td title="U+310E: BOPOMOFO LETTER K">ㄎ</td> <td title="U+310F: BOPOMOFO LETTER H">ㄏ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+311x</td> <td title="U+3110: BOPOMOFO LETTER J">ㄐ</td> <td title="U+3111: BOPOMOFO LETTER Q">ㄑ</td> <td title="U+3112: BOPOMOFO LETTER X">ㄒ</td> <td title="U+3113: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZH">ㄓ</td> <td title="U+3114: BOPOMOFO LETTER CH">ㄔ</td> <td title="U+3115: BOPOMOFO LETTER SH">ㄕ</td> <td title="U+3116: BOPOMOFO LETTER R">ㄖ</td> <td title="U+3117: BOPOMOFO LETTER Z">ㄗ</td> <td title="U+3118: BOPOMOFO LETTER C">ㄘ</td> <td title="U+3119: BOPOMOFO LETTER S">ㄙ</td> <td title="U+311A: BOPOMOFO LETTER A">ㄚ</td> <td title="U+311B: BOPOMOFO LETTER O">ㄛ</td> <td title="U+311C: BOPOMOFO LETTER E">ㄜ</td> <td title="U+311D: BOPOMOFO LETTER EH">ㄝ</td> <td title="U+311E: BOPOMOFO LETTER AI">ㄞ</td> <td title="U+311F: BOPOMOFO LETTER EI">ㄟ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+312x</td> <td title="U+3120: BOPOMOFO LETTER AU">ㄠ</td> <td title="U+3121: BOPOMOFO LETTER OU">ㄡ</td> <td title="U+3122: BOPOMOFO LETTER AN">ㄢ</td> <td title="U+3123: BOPOMOFO LETTER EN">ㄣ</td> <td title="U+3124: BOPOMOFO LETTER ANG">ㄤ</td> <td title="U+3125: BOPOMOFO LETTER ENG">ㄥ</td> <td title="U+3126: BOPOMOFO LETTER ER">ㄦ</td> <td title="U+3127: BOPOMOFO LETTER I">ㄧ</td> <td title="U+3128: BOPOMOFO LETTER U">ㄨ</td> <td title="U+3129: BOPOMOFO LETTER IU">ㄩ</td> <td title="U+312A: BOPOMOFO LETTER V">ㄪ</td> <td title="U+312B: BOPOMOFO LETTER NG">ㄫ</td> <td title="U+312C: BOPOMOFO LETTER GN">ㄬ</td> <td title="U+312D: BOPOMOFO LETTER IH">ㄭ</td> <td title="U+312E: BOPOMOFO LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE">ㄮ</td> <td title="U+312F: BOPOMOFO LETTER NN">ㄯ</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl> <dd> 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ref_U3100_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0 </dd> <dd> 2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ref_U3100_grey">^</a> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points </dd> </dl></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Additional characters were added in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for these additional characters, called Bopomofo Extended, is U+31A0–U+31BF: <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo_Extended?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo Extended">Bopomofo Extended</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td> </tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+31Ax</td> <td title="U+31A0: BOPOMOFO LETTER BU">ㆠ</td> <td title="U+31A1: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZI">ㆡ</td> <td title="U+31A2: BOPOMOFO LETTER JI">ㆢ</td> <td title="U+31A3: BOPOMOFO LETTER GU">ㆣ</td> <td title="U+31A4: BOPOMOFO LETTER EE">ㆤ</td> <td title="U+31A5: BOPOMOFO LETTER ENN">ㆥ</td> <td title="U+31A6: BOPOMOFO LETTER OO">ㆦ</td> <td title="U+31A7: BOPOMOFO LETTER ONN">ㆧ</td> <td title="U+31A8: BOPOMOFO LETTER IR">ㆨ</td> <td title="U+31A9: BOPOMOFO LETTER ANN">ㆩ</td> <td title="U+31AA: BOPOMOFO LETTER INN">ㆪ</td> <td title="U+31AB: BOPOMOFO LETTER UNN">ㆫ</td> <td title="U+31AC: BOPOMOFO LETTER IM">ㆬ</td> <td title="U+31AD: BOPOMOFO LETTER NGG">ㆭ</td> <td title="U+31AE: BOPOMOFO LETTER AINN">ㆮ</td> <td title="U+31AF: BOPOMOFO LETTER AUNN">ㆯ</td> </tr> <tr lang="zh-Bopo"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+31Bx</td> <td title="U+31B0: BOPOMOFO LETTER AM">ㆰ</td> <td title="U+31B1: BOPOMOFO LETTER OM">ㆱ</td> <td title="U+31B2: BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG">ㆲ</td> <td title="U+31B3: BOPOMOFO LETTER INNN">ㆳ</td> <td title="U+31B4: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER P">ㆴ</td> <td title="U+31B5: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER T">ㆵ</td> <td title="U+31B6: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER K">ㆶ</td> <td title="U+31B7: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER H">ㆷ</td> <td title="U+31B8: BOPOMOFO LETTER GH">ㆸ</td> <td title="U+31B9: BOPOMOFO LETTER LH">ㆹ</td> <td title="U+31BA: BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY">ㆺ</td> <td title="U+31BB: BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER G">ㆻ</td> <td title="U+31BC: BOPOMOFO LETTER GW">ㆼ</td> <td title="U+31BD: BOPOMOFO LETTER KW">ㆽ</td> <td title="U+31BE: BOPOMOFO LETTER OE">ㆾ</td> <td title="U+31BF: BOPOMOFO LETTER AH">ㆿ</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left">Notes <dl> <dd> 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ref_U31A0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a> As of Unicode version 16.0 </dd> </dl></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Unicode 3.0 also added the characters <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02EA ˪ MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+02EB ˫ MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spacing_Modifier_Letters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spacing Modifier Letters">Spacing Modifier Letters</a> block. These two characters are now (since Unicode 6.0) classified as Bopomofo characters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="background:#fff; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small">Tonal marks for bopomofo <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spacing_Modifier_Letters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spacing Modifier Letters">Spacing Modifier Letters</a></td> </tr> <tr style="background:#F8F8F8"> <td>Tone</td> <td>Tone Marker</td> <td>Unicode</td> <td>Note</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1 Yin Ping (Level)</td> <td>[ˉ] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</td> <td>U+02C9</td> <td>Usually omitted</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2 Yang Ping (Level)</td> <td>[ˊ] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</td> <td>U+02CA</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>3 Shang (Rising)</td> <td>[ˇ] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</td> <td>U+02C7</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>4 Qu (Departing)</td> <td>[ˋ] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</td> <td>U+02CB</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>4a Yin Qu (Departing)</td> <td>˪</td> <td>U+02EA</td> <td>For <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Min?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Min">Minnan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hakka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> languages</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4b Yang Qu (Departing)</td> <td>˫</td> <td>U+02EB</td> <td>For <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_Min?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southern Min">Minnan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hakka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> languages</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5 Qing (Neutral)</td> <td>[˙] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</td> <td>U+02D9</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Chinese input methods for computers</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fanqie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fanqie">Fanqie</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Furigana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hangul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kana">Kana</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruby_character?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruby character">Ruby character</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwanese_Phonetic_Symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols">Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhuyin_table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhuyin table">Zhuyin table</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQiu_Gui_Su2019" class="citation web cs1">Qiu Gui Su (27 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thoughtco.com/bopomofo-zhuyin-fuhao-2279518">"Bopomofo Chinese Phonetic System"</a>. ThoughtCo. Retrieved 24 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo.&rft.atitle=Bopomofo+Chinese+Phonetic+System&rft.date=2019-01-27&rft.au=Qiu+Gui+Su&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fbopomofo-zhuyin-fuhao-2279518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.chineasy.com/zhuyin-vs-pinyin-exploring-the-unique-chinese-phonetic-system-of-bopomofo/">"Zhuyin vs. Pinyin: Exploring the Unique Chinese Phonetic System of Bopomofo"</a>. Chineasy. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chineasy&rft.atitle=Zhuyin+vs.+Pinyin%3A+Exploring+the+Unique+Chinese+Phonetic+System+of+Bopomofo&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chineasy.com%2Fzhuyin-vs-pinyin-exploring-the-unique-chinese-phonetic-system-of-bopomofo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bubbleteaisland.com/2022/04/27/bopomofo-the-unique-alphabet/">"Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) | All You Need to Know"</a>. Bubble Tea Island. Retrieved 24 July 2024. <q>The term "Bopomofo" is derived from the first four characters of the system's alphabet [ㄅㄆㄇㄈ – B'P'M'F'].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bubble+Tea+Island&rft.atitle=Bopomofo+%28%E3%84%85%E3%84%86%E3%84%87%E3%84%88%29+%7C+All+You+Need+to+Know&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbubbleteaisland.com%2F2022%2F04%2F27%2Fbopomofo-the-unique-alphabet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-GIO-4">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GIO_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GIO_4-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GIO_4-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GIO_4-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509032222/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02PeopleandLanguage.htm">"Taiwan Yearbook 2006: The People & Languages"</a>. Government Information Office, Taiwan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02PeopleandLanguage.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Yearbook+2006%3A+The+People+%26+Languages&rft.pub=Government+Information+Office%2C+Taiwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gio.gov.tw%2Ftaiwan-website%2F5-gp%2Fyearbook%2F02PeopleandLanguage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-headlines-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-headlines_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031020342/http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem%3D85286%26ctNode%3D10">"Taiwan Headlines: Society News: New Taiwanese dictionary unveiled"</a>. Government Information Office, Taiwan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem%3D85286%26ctNode%3D10">the original</a> on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Headlines%3A+Society+News%3A+New+Taiwanese+dictionary+unveiled&rft.pub=Government+Information+Office%2C+Taiwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw%2Fct.asp%3FxItem%3D85286%26ctNode%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Dong-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dong_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDong2014" class="citation book cs1">Dong, Hongyuan (2014). A History of the Chinese Language. Routledge. p. 133. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66039-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66039-6"><bdi>978-0-415-66039-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Chinese+Language&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-415-66039-6&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Hongyuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_DeFrancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John DeFrancis">John DeFrancis</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Chinese_Language:_Fact_and_Fantasy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy">The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy</a>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984. p. 242.</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ch18.pdf">The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium</a> (PDF) (14.0 ed.). Mountain View, CA: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. 2021. p. 30. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-29-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-29-0"><bdi>978-1-936213-29-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard+%2F+the+Unicode+Consortium&rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA&rft.pages=30&rft.edition=14.0&rft.pub=Unicode&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-29-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode14.0.0%2Fch18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">國音學 (in Chinese (Taiwan)) (8th ed.). Taiwan: 國立臺灣師範大學. 國音敎材編輯委員會. 2008. pp. 27–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8&rft.place=Taiwan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.+%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%8E%E6%9D%90%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wenlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry 𠫓.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0164.gif">KangXi: page 164, character 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002234002/http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0164.gif">Archived</a> 2 October 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> kangxizidian.com</li> <li id="cite_note-u20000-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-u20000_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint%3D20000">"Unihan data for U+20000"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906111501/http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint%3D20000">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unihan+data+for+U%2B20000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetUnihanData.pl%3Fcodepoint%3D20000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wenlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry 𠃉.</li> <li id="cite_note-u4E5A-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-u4E5A_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint%3D4E5A">"Unihan data for U+4E5A"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817112547/http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint%3D4E5A">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unihan+data+for+U%2B4E5A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetUnihanData.pl%3Fcodepoint%3D4E5A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wenlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenlin">Wenlin</a> dictionary, entry 𠃋.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Everson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Everson">Michael Everson</a>, H. W. Ho, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew West (linguist)">Andrew West</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/Docs/n3179.pdf">Proposal to encode one Bopomofo character in the UCS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126180543/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3179.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", SC2 WG2 N3179.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf">"Unicode document L2/14-189"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608024243/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+document+L2%2F14-189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2014%2F14189-bopomofo-letter-l-moe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> Unicode Consortium, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/erratafixed.html">Errata Fixed in Unicode 8.0.0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101054445/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/erratafixed.html">Archived</a> 2020-11-01 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</li> <li id="cite_note-bopomofo2017-19">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bopomofo2017_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Lifelong_Education,_Ministry_of_Education_教育部終身教育司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education 教育部終身教育司, ed. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/html_ch/index.html%23page02"><bdi lang="zh">國語注音手冊</bdi></a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Ministry of Education</a>; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. 汪達數位出版股份有限公司. pp. 2, 7. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-051-481-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-051-481-0"><bdi>978-986-051-481-0</bdi></a>. <q>韻符「ㄭ」，陰平調號「¯」，注音時省略不標{...}陰平以一短橫代表高平之聲調，注音時可省略不標。標注在字音最後一個符號右上角。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A&rft.pages=2%2C+7&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%3B+Digital+version%3A+Wanderer+Digital+Publishing+Inc.+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-TW%22%3E%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2017-01&rft.isbn=978-986-051-481-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flanguage.moe.gov.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Ffiles%2Fsite_content%2FM0001%2Fjuyin%2Fhtml_ch%2Findex.html%23page02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bopomofo2017en-20">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bopomofo2017en_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Lifelong_Education,_Ministry_of_Education_教育部終身教育司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Department of Lifelong Education, Ministry of Education 教育部終身教育司, ed. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/SITE_CONTENT/M0001/deploy/html_en/index.html">The Manual of the Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese</a> (in English and Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Ministry of Education</a>; Digital version: Wanderer Digital Publishing Inc. 汪達數位出版股份有限公司. pp. 2, 7. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-051-869-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-051-869-6"><bdi>978-986-051-869-6</bdi></a>. <q>the rhyme symbol, "ㄭ", and the mark of Yin-ping tone, "¯", could be left out on Bopomofo notes.{...}This high and level tone is noted as a short dash mark and could be left out in Bopomofo note. If it is noted, it should be put on the upper right corner of the last Bopomofo note.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+the+Phonetic+Symbols+of+Mandarin+Chinese&rft.pages=2%2C+7&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%3B+Digital+version%3A+Wanderer+Digital+Publishing+Inc.+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-TW%22%3E%E6%B1%AA%E9%81%94%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.date=2017-01&rft.isbn=978-986-051-869-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flanguage.moe.gov.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Ffiles%2FSITE_CONTENT%2FM0001%2Fdeploy%2Fhtml_en%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/100965/1/Huang_Karen_r.pdf">"A study of neutral-tone syllables in Taiwan Mandarin"</a> (PDF). p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127151915/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/100965/1/Huang_Karen_r.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+study+of+neutral-tone+syllables+in+Taiwan+Mandarin&rft.pages=3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2F10125%2F100965%2F1%2FHuang_Karen_r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> The middle dot may optionally precede light-tone syllables only in reference books (辞书), see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html%23sec73">section 7.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217032538/http://pinyin.info/rules/GBT16159-2012.html%23sec73">Archived</a> 17 February 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the PRC national standard GB/T 16159-2012 Basic rules of the Chinese phonetic alphabet orthography.</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_Extended_Name.svg">"Bopomofo Extended Name"</a>. 12 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422050232/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_Extended_Name.svg">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bopomofo+Extended+Name&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ABopomofo_Extended_Name.svg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg">"Zhuyin and Hanzi location"</a>. 22 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408030047/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhuyin+and+Hanzi+location&rft.date=2009-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AZhuyin_and_Hanzi_location-num.svg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg">"Bopomofo on Taiwanese street – with English – Nov 2016 2"</a>. 3 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113035235/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bopomofo+on+Taiwanese+street+%E2%80%93+with+English+%E2%80%93+Nov+2016+2&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ABopomofo_on_Taiwanese_street_-_with_English_-_Nov_2016_2.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Script/zhuyin.html">"The Zhuyin Alphabet 注音字母 Transcription System (Bo-po-mo-fo) (www.chinaknowledge.de)"</a>. www.chinaknowledge.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004021210/http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Script/zhuyin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinaknowledge.de&rft.atitle=The+Zhuyin+Alphabet+%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D+Transcription+System+%28Bo-po-mo-fo%29+%28www.chinaknowledge.de%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaknowledge.de%2FLiterature%2FScript%2Fzhuyin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-cantonese-bopomofo-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cantonese-bopomofo_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="cantonese-bopomofo" class="citation web cs1">Yang, Ben; Chan, Eiso. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf">"Proposal to encode Cantonese Bopomofo Characters"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113042040/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+encode+Cantonese+Bopomofo+Characters&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Chan%2C+Eiso&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2019%2F19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt">"Scripts-6.0.0.txt"</a>. Unicode Consortium. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704030629/https://unicode.org/Public/6.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scripts-6.0.0.txt&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2F6.0.0%2Fucd%2FScripts.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Look up <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bopomofo" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bopomofo">bopomofo</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/juyin/index.html">The Manual of The Phonetic Symbols of Mandarin Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> reference glyphs for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf">"bopomofo"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=bopomofo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU3100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"> (69.6 KB) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf">"extended bopomofo"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=extended+bopomofo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU31A0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABopomofo" class="Z3988"> (61.6 KB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mandarinspot.com/annotate?phs%3Dzhuyin">Bopomofo annotations</a> – adds inline and pop-up annotations with bopomofo pronunciation and English definitions to Chinese text or web pages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/">Mandarin Dictionary</a> – needs Chinese font for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big5">Big5</a> encoding</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ctext.org/pinyin.pl?if%3Den">Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool</a> – converts between Pinyin, Bopomofo and other phonetic systems</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mandarintools.com/pyconverter.html">Chinese Romanization Converter</a> – converts between Hanyu Pinyin, Wade–Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh and other known or (un-)common Romanization systems</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113230816/http://www.cozywebsite.com/dictionary/zhuyin/">Bopomofo -> Wade-Giles -> Pinyin -> Word List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wfu.edu/~moran/Cathay_Cafe/IPA_NPA_4.htm">NPA->IPA</a> National Phonetic Alphabet (bopomofo) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet. The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See IPA help preview, SIL International website. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603040407/http://www.sil.org/computing/speechtools/softdev2/IPAhelp2/ipavowel2.htm">IPA help preview, SIL International website.</a> (Accessed 23 December 2010).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050121080656/http://www.inxsoft.net/mandarin-resource/converter.php">Bopomofo to Pinyin converter and reverse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/bopomofo/basic.html">bopomofo syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326144612/http://annotator.jiang-long.com/">Pinyin Annotator</a> – adds bopomofo (bopomofo) or pinyin on top of any Chinese text, prompts alternative pronunciations to homonyms, has the option of exporting into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenOffice.org Writer">OpenOffice Writer</a> for further editing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/bopomofo.do">《請利用螢幕上的小鍵盤輸入注音符號》</a> – online keyboard for bopomofo which can turn it into Chinese characters</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://i2bopomo.com">Online Bopomofo Input Method Editor 免费在线中文输入法，使用注音</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBopomofo%26oldid%3D1274983757">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&oldid=1274983757</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bopomofo&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 10 February 2025, at 12:11 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2581%25D9%2588" title="بوبوموفو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوبوموفو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25B9-im_h%25C3%25BB-h%25C5%258D" title="Chù-im hû-hō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chù-im hû-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%258Cu-jin_fu-chao" title="Ču-jin fu-chao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ču-jin fu-chao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2581%25D9%2588" title="بوپوموفو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوپوموفو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zh%25C3%25B9y%25C4%25ABn_f%25C3%25BAh%25C3%25A0o" title="Zhùyīn fúhào – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zhùyīn fúhào" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259D%258C%25EB%25B6%2580%25ED%2598%25B8" title="주음부호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주음부호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%25C3%25B3-%25C4%25ADng_H%25C3%25B9-h%25C3%25B4%25CC%25A4" title="Ció-ĭng Hù-hô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ció-ĭng Hù-hô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E5%258F%25B7" title="注音符号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="注音符号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B6%25D1%2583%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D1%2584%25D1%2583%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BE" title="Чжуинь фухао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чжуинь фухао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2584%25D0%25BE" title="Бопомофо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бопомофо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuyin" title="Zhuyin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zhuyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599" title="จู้อิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จู้อิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B6%25D1%2583%25D1%2597%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C" title="Чжуїнь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чжуїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25BA_%25C3%25A2m_ph%25C3%25B9_hi%25E1%25BB%2587u" title="Chú âm phù hiệu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chú âm phù hiệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259C%258B%25E8%25AA%259E%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3" title="國語注音 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="國語注音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bopomofo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E5%258F%25B7" title="注音符号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="注音符号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F" title="注音符號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="注音符號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%25A8%25E9%259F%25B3%25E7%25AC%25A6%25E8%2599%259F" title="注音符號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="注音符號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 10 February 2025, at 12:11 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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Bopomofo - Wikipedia