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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oldtidens_og_middelalderens_biografier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldtidens_og_middelalderens_biografier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oldtidens og middelalderens biografier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldtidens_og_middelalderens_biografier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_19._århundredes_biografier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_19._århundredes_biografier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Det 19. århundredes biografier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Det_19._århundredes_biografier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biografiernes_gennembrud_i_Danmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografiernes_gennembrud_i_Danmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biografiernes gennembrud i Danmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografiernes_gennembrud_i_Danmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Moderne biografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Moderne_biografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Moderne biografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Moderne_biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Videobiografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videobiografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Videobiografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videobiografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationale_biografiske_håndbøger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationale_biografiske_håndbøger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nationale biografiske håndbøger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationale_biografiske_håndbøger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nordiske_biografiske_håndbøger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nordiske_biografiske_håndbøger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nordiske biografiske håndbøger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nordiske_biografiske_håndbøger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksempler_på_biografier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksempler_på_biografier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksempler på biografier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksempler_på_biografier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Priser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henvisninger_og_referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henvisninger_og_referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Henvisninger og referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henvisninger_og_referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekstern_henvisning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekstern_henvisning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ekstern henvisning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekstern_henvisning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biografi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 133 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa" title="Biografía – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Biografía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8)" title="السيرة (نوع أدب) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السيرة (نوع أدب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="سيرة شخص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيرة شخص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="জীৱনী – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱনী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa" title="Biografía – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biografía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioqrafiya" title="Bioqrafiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bioqrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="بیوقرافی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیوقرافی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биография – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биография" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біяграфія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біяграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біяграфія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біяграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биография – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биография" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="နမ်းခြောင်ꩻခရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နမ်းခြောင်ꩻခရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="জীবনী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhezskrid" title="Buhezskrid – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buhezskrid" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografija" title="Biografija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biografija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Намтар – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Намтар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биографи – tjetjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биографи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugibuhi" title="Sugibuhi – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sugibuhi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95" title="ژیاننامە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژیاننامە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofiant" title="Cofiant – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cofiant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%99%DE%A6%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A7" title="ޙަޔާތުނާމާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޙަޔާތުނާމާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιογραφία – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biography" title="Biography – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografio" title="Biografio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa" title="Biografía – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograafia" title="Biograafia – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="زندگی‌نامه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زندگی‌نامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4m%C3%A4kerta" title="Elämäkerta – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elämäkerta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographie" title="Biographie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografy" title="Biografy – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Biografy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beathaisn%C3%A9is" title="Beathaisnéis – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beathaisnéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byografi" title="Byografi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Byografi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beath-eachdraidh" title="Beath-eachdraidh – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beath-eachdraidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograf%C3%ADa" title="Biografía – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekovehai" title="Tekovehai – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekovehai" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="જીવનચરિત્ર – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જીવનચરિત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביוגרפיה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="जीवनचरित – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवनचरित" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotopis" title="Životopis – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Životopis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyografi" title="Biyografi – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Biyografi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89letrajz" title="Életrajz – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Életrajz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսագրություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսագրութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կենսագրութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographia" title="Biographia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biographia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biograpia" title="Biograpia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biograpia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografio" title="Biografio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biografio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86visaga" title="Ævisaga – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ævisaga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9D%E8%A8%98" title="伝記 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="伝記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოგრაფია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tameddurt" title="Tameddurt – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tameddurt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%A9-y%C9%94%C9%94_t%C9%94m_mat%CA%8A" title="Tɩ-yɔɔ tɔm matʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɩ-yɔɔ tɔm matʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Өмірбаян – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өмірбаян" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಜೀವನಚರಿತ್ರೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವನಚರಿತ್ರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_(%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99)" title="전기 (문학) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기 (문학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEnen%C3%AEgar%C3%AE" title="Jînenîgarî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jînenîgarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Өмүр баян – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өмүр баян" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographia" title="Biographia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografiya" title="Biografiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Biografiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografija" title="Biografija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogr%C4%81fija" title="Biogrāfija – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B4grafia" title="Biôgrafia – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biôgrafia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Животопис – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Животопис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവചരിത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯋꯥꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အတ္ထုပ္ပတ္တိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seena_jireenyaa" title="Seena jireenyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seena jireenyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੀਵਨੀ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografe" title="Biografe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Biografe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DD%A8_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جیوݨ ناواں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیوݨ ناواں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_qillqa" title="Kawsay qillqa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay qillqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografija" title="Biografija – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Biografija" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografie" title="Biografie – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биография – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="जीवनी – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जीवनी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographies" title="Biographies – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biographies" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="سوانح نگاري – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سوانح نگاري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografija" title="Biografija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biografija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1" title="චරිතාපදාන – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චරිතාපදාන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biography" title="Biography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografija" title="Biografija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biografija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%C3%ABshkrimi" title="Jetëshkrimi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jetëshkrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биографија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биографија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografia" title="Biografia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biografia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="జీవిత చరిత్ర – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవిత చరిత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Зиндагинома – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зиндагинома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ชีวประวัติ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวประวัติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografi%C3%BDa" title="Biografiýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biografiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talambuhay" title="Talambuhay – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talambuhay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyografi" title="Biyografi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyografi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биография – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биография" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біографія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD" title="سوانح – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوانح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biografiya" title="Biografiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%83u_s%E1%BB%AD" title="Tiểu sử – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiểu sử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyografeye" title="Biyografeye – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biyografeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyograpiya" title="Biyograpiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyograpiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0" title="传记 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="传记" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ביאגראפיע – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביאגראפיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="傳記 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="傳記" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%81n-k%C3%AC" title="Toān-kì – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Toān-kì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="傳記 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傳記" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isichazampilo" title="Isichazampilo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isichazampilo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><p>En <b>biografi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6sk_(sprog)" title="Græsk (sprog)">græsk</a> for "levnedsbeskrivelse") er en beskrivelse af et menneskes liv og levned. </p><p>Hvis den er skrevet af andre er det en biografi. Hvis den er skrevet af vedkommende, er det en <a href="/wiki/Selvbiografi" title="Selvbiografi">selvbiografi</a> eller autobiografi. </p><p>I selvskildringen fremstiller forfatteren sin egen livsførelse. Berømte eksempler er <a href="/wiki/Augustin" title="Augustin">Augustins</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bekendelser" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekendelser">bekendelser</a></i> og <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseaus</a> <i>Les Confessions</i>. Når den selvbiografiske skildring tillige behandler forfatterens samtidige, gøres overgangen fra autobiografi til erindringer eller memoirer, hvorpå navnlig <a href="/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig">Frankrigs</a> og <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">Englands</a> litteratur er så rig. Til biografisk litteratur i videste forstand henregnes breve og dagbøger. </p><p>Den enkleste og korteste form er den annalistiske: en opregning i kronologisk rækkefølge af alle data. I området mellem biografi og selvbiografi findes en del "biografier" som ikke er skrevet af personen selv, men med hjælp af en <a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">ghostwriter</a>, også tidligere kaldet en "neger",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som kan have skrevet det hele selv uden at lægge navn til eller bare have hjulpet til med at forbedre teksten. Alice B. Toklas' selvbiografi er alene skrevet af <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a>. </p><p>Det mest omfattende danske værk om biografier er <i><a href="/wiki/Dansk_biografisk_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dansk biografisk leksikon">Dansk biografisk leksikon</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oldtidens_og_middelalderens_biografier">Oldtidens og middelalderens biografier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Oldtidens og middelalderens biografier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Oldtidens og middelalderens biografier"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Helt fra oldtiden har den biografiske kunst (biografik) som en gren af historieskrivningen stået i høj anseelse; både fra den græske og den romerske litteratur er der levnet os berømte skildringer af fremragende personligheders liv som <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarchs</a> sammenlignende levnedsskildringer, <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>’ <i>Agricola</i> og <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Curtius_Rufus" title="Quintus Curtius Rufus">Quintus Curtius Rufus</a>’ <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_den_Store" title="Alexander den Store">Alexander den Store</a></i>. Fra middelalderen har vi især fremstillinger af hellige mænds og kvinders liv, og i de sidste århundreder udgør biografi i alle landes bogfrembringelser en væsentlig del af den historiske litteratur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Det_19._århundredes_biografier"><span id="Det_19._.C3.A5rhundredes_biografier"></span>Det 19. århundredes biografier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Det 19. århundredes biografier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Det 19. århundredes biografier"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den biografiske litteratur er så rig og omfattende, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Maria_Oettinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Maria Oettinger (ikke skrevet endnu)">Eduard Maria Oettingers</a> forsøg på en henvisningshåndbog angående den samlede litteratur (<i>Bibliographie biographique</i> [bind 1-2, 2. oplag, <a href="/wiki/Bryssel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryssel">Bryssel</a> 1854]) kun blev et forsøg. Nyttige håndbøger af senere dato er E. Edwards <i>Handbook to the Litterature of Biography</i> (Vendea 1885) og Lawrence Barnett Philips, <i>Dictionary of biographical reference</i> (1871, ny udgave London 1889). Af biografiske leksika af almindelig karakter, dvs. omfattende alle tider og lande, haves: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayles</a> <i>Dictionnaire historique et critique</i> (Paris 1697, sidste udgave i 16 bind, Paris 1820); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Michaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Michaud (ikke skrevet endnu)">Louis-Gabriel Michauds</a> <i>Biographie universelle</i> (bind 1-85, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> 1811-62, nyt oplag bind 1-45, Paris 1842 -65); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_H%C3%B6fer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Höfer (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ferdinand Höfers</a> <i>Nouvelle biographie générale</i> (bind 1-46, Paris 1852-66); Eduard Maria Oettingers <i>Moniteur des dates</i> (på tysk, bind 1-9, <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> 1866-82); <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Aikin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Aikin (ikke skrevet endnu)">John Aikin</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Enfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Enfield (ikke skrevet endnu)">William Enfields</a> <i>General Biography</i> (bind 1-10, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> 1799-1815). – Andre biografiske samlerværker er almindelige i deres omfang, men begrænsede i tid, f.eks. til 19. århundrede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Gustave_Vapereau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Gustave Vapereau (ikke skrevet endnu)">Louis Gustave Vapereau</a>, <i>Dictionnaire universel des contemporains</i> (6. Udgave, Paris 1893); George Washington Moon, <i>Men and women of the time</i> (13. Udg., London 1891); Lloyd Charles Sanders, <i>Celebrities of the Century</i> (London 1886-90); <i>Living leaders of the World</i> (Chicago 1889). Nulevende personer er behandlede i de årligt udkommende: <i>Wer ist’s</i> og <i>Who’s who in science</i>. – Større serier er <i>English men of letters</i> (1879 ff.); <i>Les grands écrivains français</i> (1887 ff.); den svenske samling <i>Memoar och bref</i> (1900 ff.) og den danske <i><a href="/wiki/Memoirer_og_Breve" title="Memoirer og Breve">Memoirer og Breve</a></i> (1905 ff.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografiernes_gennembrud_i_Danmark">Biografiernes gennembrud i Danmark</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Biografiernes gennembrud i Danmark" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Biografiernes gennembrud i Danmark"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levnedsskildringer med et moralsk sigte var fremme allerede i den klassiske oldtid, hvor især <a href="/wiki/Plutark" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutark">Plutarks</a> biografier var de mest udbredte. Disse vedblev igennem tiden at være populære, og især fra <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a> blev de brugt som skabelon for moralske fortællinger. Denne mode fik en dansk efterligner i første halvdel af <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holbergs</a> <i>Adskillige store Helte og berømmelige Mænds sammenlignede Historier</i> (1739-53) og <i>Adskillige Heltinders og navnkundige Damers sammenlignede Historier</i> (1745) som var bygget op som Plutarks biografier, med skildringer af to store personligheder efterfulgt af en sammenligning af disse to. <a href="/wiki/Casper_Peter_Rothe" title="Casper Peter Rothe">Casper Peter Rothe</a> overførte den moralske biografis tradition til danske personligheder med sit værk <i>Forsøg til navnkundige danske Mænds Liv og Levnet</i> der biograferede <a href="/wiki/Peder_Griffenfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Peder Griffenfeld">Peder Griffenfeld</a> (1745) og i anden selvstændige del <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wessel_Tordenskiold" title="Peter Wessel Tordenskiold">Peter Wessel Tordenskiold</a> (1747-50). I <i>Brave danske Mænds og Qvinders berømmelige Eftermæle</i> (1753) havde han samlet ligprædikener og gravindskriptioner over en del danske personligheder, foruden at han selv havde forfattet biografier over nogle af disse. <a href="/wiki/Ove_Malling" title="Ove Malling">Ove Malling</a> videreførte med <i>Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere </i> (1777) Rothes bestræbelser, og i modsætning til Rothe fik Mallings værk succes og blev genoptrykt langt ind i <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>. </p><p>En anden gren af den biografiske genre som udvikledes i denne periode var det biografiske forfatterleksikon. Digteren og historiografen <a href="/wiki/Claus_Christoffersen_Lyschander" title="Claus Christoffersen Lyschander">Claus Christoffersen Lyschander</a> var den første i Danmark der skrev et sådant værk <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, men dette værk blev ikke trykt før i 1700-tallet og fandtes før den tid kun i afskrifter. Det første egentlige biografiske forfatterleksikon på dansk er <a href="/wiki/Jens_Worm" title="Jens Worm">Jens Worms</a> <i>Forsøg til et Lexicon over danske, norske og islandske lærde Mænd, som ved trykte Skrifter have giort sig bekiendte, saavelsom andre Ustuderede, som noget have skrevet</i> (1771-84), og på dette foruden egne studier byggede litteraturforskeren og bibliotekaren <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Nyerup" title="Rasmus Nyerup">Rasmus Nyerup</a> sit <i>Almindeligt Litteraturlexicon for Danmark, Norge og Island</i> (1818-20). Den første egentlige biografiske monografi over en forfatter var <a href="/wiki/Christian_Molbech" title="Christian Molbech">Christian Molbechs</a> <i>Johannes Evalds Levnet, med Bidrag til hans Digterværkers Historie og Charakteristik</i> (1831). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderne_biografi">Moderne biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Moderne biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Moderne biografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionen med vidneudsagn og skriftemål blev bragt til den <a href="/wiki/Nye_Verden" title="Nye Verden">Nye Verden</a> af <a href="/wiki/Puritaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritaner">puritanernes</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6ker" title="Kvæker">kvækernes</a> skribenter af selvbiografer og journaler hvor formen fortsatte med at være indflydelsesrig. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklins</a> selvbiografi (1791) blev en <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> for den amerikanske succeshistorie. (Stone, 1982) Selvbiografi ville forblive en indflydelsesrig form i biografisk litteratur. </p><p>Generelt fulgte amerikansk biografi den engelske model, dog med indbefattet <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyles</a> opfattelse, at biografi var en del af historien. Carlyle har påstået, at store menneskers liv var nødvendigt for at forstå samfundet og dets institutioner. Mens de historiske impulser ville forblive et stærkt element i tidlig amerikanske biografi, amerikanske forfattere fandt af deres egen facon. Det der opstod, var en temmelig didaktiske form for biografi, der søgte at forme den individuelle karakter af læseren i processen for at definerer national karakter. (Casper, 1999) </p><p>Sondringen mellem masse biografi og litterær biografi, som havde dannet i midten af det nittende århundrede var udtryk for en strid mellem høj kultur og middelklasse kultur. Denne opdeling ville vare resten af århundredet. Biografi begyndte at blomstre takket være ny udgivelse teknologier og en ekspanderende læselyst. Denne revolution i forlagsvirksomheder gjort at bøger kom til rådighed for et større publikum. Næsten ti gange så mange amerikanske biografier udkom fra 1840 til 1860, end der udkom i de to første årtier af dette århundrede. Desuden udkom der billige paperbackudgaver af populære biografier for første gang. Også amerikanske tidsskrifter begyndte at offentliggøre serier af biografiske skitser. (Casper, 1999) Den aktuelle fokus flyttedes fra republikanske helte til selvstændige foretagsomme mænd og kvinder. </p><p>Meget af den sene 19. århundredes biografi forblev skabelonsagtig. Især blev der skrevet få selvbiografier i det 19. århundrede. Følgende århundrede oplevedes selvbiografiens renæssance begyndende med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Booker_T._Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Booker T. Washington (ikke skrevet endnu)">Booker T. Washingtons</a>, <i>Up From Slavery</i> (1901) og efterfulgt af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Brooks_Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Brooks Adams (ikke skrevet endnu)">Henry Brooks Adams</a> <i>Education</i> (1907), en krønike af selvstændige defineret svigt, som gik imod den fremherskende amerikanske succeshistorie. Offentliggørelsen af sociale selvbiografier af både mænd og kvinder begyndte at blomstre. (Stone, 1982) </p><p>Myndigheden i <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sociologi" title="Sociologi">sociologi</a> var forbillede og ville præge det nye århundredes biografier. (Stone, 1982) Faldet af den "store mand" teoris betydning for historien var karakteristisk for det nye tankesæt. Menneskelig adfærd skulle forklares gennem <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">darwinistisk</a> teorier. "Sociologiske" biografier er en følge af deres persons handlinger som følge af miljøet, og en tendens til at nedtone individualitet. Udviklingen af psykoanalysen førte til en mere gennemtrængende og omfattende forståelse af de biografiske emner, og skribenterne til at lægge mere vægt på barndommen og ungdommen. Klart, psykologiske ideer var med til at ændre den måde, hvorpå amerikanerne læste og skrev biografier, selvbiografiens kultur udviklede sig som en terapi. (Casper, 1999) </p><p>Det konventionelle koncept af nationale helte og fortællinger om succes forsvandt i besættelsen af psykologisk udforskninger af personlighed. Den nye skole indenfor biografi fremhævede <a href="/wiki/Billedstormer" class="mw-redirect" title="Billedstormer">billedstormere</a>, videnskabelige analytikere og fiktions skribenter (?) (engelsk: fictional biographers). Denne bølge inkluderede blandt andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Strachey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lytton Strachey (ikke skrevet endnu)">Lytton Strachey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Maurois" title="André Maurois">André Maurois</a>, og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_Ludwig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Ludwig (ikke skrevet endnu)">Emil Ludwig</a>. Stracheys biografier havde indflydelse svarende til den, som Samuel Johnson havde haft tidligere. I 1920'erne og '30’erne søgte biografiske forfattere at udnytte Stracheys popularitet og efterligne hans stil. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Grave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Grave (ikke skrevet endnu)">Robert Graves</a> (I, Claudius, 1934) skilte sig ud blandt der fulgte Stracheys model af ”afglorificerende biografier”. Tendensen i litterær biografi blev ledsaget i populær biografi af en slags "<a href="/wiki/Voyeurisme" title="Voyeurisme">voyeurisme</a> af berømtheder" i de tidlige årtier af dette århundrede. Sidstnævnte forms appel til læserne var mere baseret på nysgerrighed end <a href="/wiki/Moral" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral">moral</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Patriotisme" title="Patriotisme">patriotisme</a>. </p><p>I tiden omkring <a href="/wiki/1._Verdenskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="1. Verdenskrig">1. Verdenskrig</a> blev billige hard-cover genoptryk populære. Årtiers 1920'erne oplevede en biografisk "boom". I 1929 blev næsten 700 biografier offentliggjort i USA, og den første opslagsværk om amerikansk biografi ser dagens lys. I de årtier, der fulgte, blev talrige biografier fortsat offentliggjort på trods af den økonomiske depression. De nåede et voksende publikum gennem billige formater og via offentlige biblioteker. </p><p>Ifølge den lærde Caroyln Heilbrun, blev kvinders biografier revolutionerede i løbet af anden bølge af <a href="/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme">feministisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Aktivisme" title="Aktivisme">aktivisme</a> i 1970'erne. Her begyndte kvinder at blive portrætteret mere præcist, selv om det bagatelliserede resultaterne eller integriteten af en mand (Heilbrun 12). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videobiografi">Videobiografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Videobiografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Videobiografi"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den teknologiske udvikling har sat skub i udviklingen og populariteten af filmiske biografier, der anvender multimodale udtryksformer i kombinationen af <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a>, stemmeoptagelse, musik, og lydeffekt til at portrættere og illustrere en persons livsfortællinger. De filmiske biografier beskriver ofte færre episoder af en persons liv, men fokuserer på de vigtigste livsfortællinger, og illustrerer disse med flere virkemidler end bogbiografier. </p><p>Hvor det før har været forbeholdt produktionshuse at skabe biografiske dokumentarfilm, er det med fremkomsten af billig eller gratis lyd- og videoredigeringssoftware, så som Photostory, MovieMaker, Imovie, Jaycut og Audacity samt billigere produktionsudstyr i form af amatør og semiprofessionelle digital- og videokameraer blevet mulig for almindelige mennesker at skabe amatør videobiografier og dele disse online på sociale videodelingsservices. Den online deling muliggjordes med fremkomsten af <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">web 2.0</a> og sociale videodelingssites som <a href="/wiki/Youtube" class="mw-redirect" title="Youtube">Youtube</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vimeo" title="Vimeo">Vimeo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationale_biografiske_håndbøger"><span id="Nationale_biografiske_h.C3.A5ndb.C3.B8ger"></span>Nationale biografiske håndbøger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Nationale biografiske håndbøger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nationale biografiske håndbøger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>England: <ul><li><i>Dictionary of national Biography</i> redigeret af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leslie_Stephen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leslie Stephen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Leslie Stephen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Lee_(engl%C3%A6nder_1859-1926)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sidney Lee (englænder 1859-1926) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sidney Lee</a>, bind 1-63, London 1885-1900);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Boase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Boase (ikke skrevet endnu)">Frederic Boase</a>, <i>Modern english Biography</i> (1892 ff.);</li> <li><i>Who’s who</i> (årlig).</li></ul></li> <li>Amerika: <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appleton%27s_Cyclopedia_of_American_Biography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography (ikke skrevet endnu)">Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography</a></i> (redigeret af <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Grant_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Grant Wilson (ikke skrevet endnu)">James Grant Wilson</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fiske&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fiske (ikke skrevet endnu)">John Fiske</a> bind 1-6, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> 1887-89, Suppleret 1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_National_Cyclopaedia_of_American_Biography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography (ikke skrevet endnu)">The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography</a></i> (bind 1-2, New York 1802-03)</li> <li><i>Who’s who in America</i> (årlig)</li></ul></li> <li>Holland og Belgien <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Jacob_van_der_Aa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Jacob van der Aa (ikke skrevet endnu)">Abraham Jacob van der Aa</a>, <i>Biographisch Wordenboeek der Nederlanden</i> (bind 1-21, <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> 1852-78)</li> <li><i>Biographie nationale</i> (udgave af Videnskabelig Akademi i Bryssel, bind 1-12, Bryssel 1866-92)</li></ul></li> <li>Frankrig <ul><li>Ernest Gläser, <i>Biographie nationale des contemporains</i> (Paris 1878)</li> <li>C.E. Curinier, <i>Dictionnaire national des contemporains</i> (1900 ff.)</li> <li><i>Qui étes vous</i> (årlig)</li></ul></li> <li>Italien <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Cant%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Cantù (ikke skrevet endnu)">Cesare Cantù</a>, <i>Italiani illustr.</i>(?) (bind 1-3, <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milano</a> 1873-74)</li> <li>Chi é (årlig)</li></ul></li> <li>Rusland <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Polovtsov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Polovtsov (ikke skrevet endnu)">Alexander Polovtsov</a> »Russ. biogr. Leksikon« (1896 ff.)</li></ul></li> <li>Spanien <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel José Quintana (ikke skrevet endnu)">Manuel José Quintana</a>, Vidas de Espanoles celebres (bind 1-3, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> 1833-41)</li></ul></li> <li>Tyskland <ul><li><i>Allgemeine deutsche Biographie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> 1875 ff.)</li> <li><i>Biographisches Jahrbuch und deutscher Nekrolog</i> (1897 ff.)</li></ul></li> <li>Schweiz: <ul><li><i>Galerie Suisse</i> (udgave af Eugène Secrétan, bind 1-3, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> 1873-80).</li></ul></li> <li>Østrig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_von_Wurzbach" title="Constantin von Wurzbach">Constantin von Wurzbach</a>, <i>Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich</i> (bind 1-60, <a href="/wiki/Wien" title="Wien">Wien</a> 1856-91).</li></ul></li> <li>Orienten <ul><li>Thomas William Beale, <i>Oriental biographical Dictionary</i> (<a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> 1881).</li></ul></li> <li>Australien <ul><li>Philip Dearman Mennell, <i>Dictionary of Australasian Biography</i> (London 1892).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nordiske_biografiske_håndbøger"><span id="Nordiske_biografiske_h.C3.A5ndb.C3.B8ger"></span>Nordiske biografiske håndbøger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Nordiske biografiske håndbøger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nordiske biografiske håndbøger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sverige <ul><li><i>Biographiskt lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenska män</i>, (bind l-23, <a href="/wiki/Upsala" class="mw-redirect" title="Upsala">Upsala</a> 1835-57) med <i>Ny Føljd</i> (bind 1-9, Upsala 1857-83)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Hofberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Hofberg (ikke skrevet endnu)">Herman Hofberg</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svenskt_biografiskt_handlexikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon (ikke skrevet endnu)">Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon</a></i> (2 bind, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> 1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vem_%C3%A4r_det&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vem är det (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vem är det</a></i> (årlig fra 1912 og frem til 2001)</li> <li><i>Personhistorisk tidskrift</i>, (1898 ff.)</li></ul></li> <li>Norge <ul><li><i>Hvem er Hvem?</i>, (årlig )</li> <li><i>Tidsskrift for den norske Personalhistorie</i> ved Bernt Moe (bind 1.—2., <a href="/wiki/Kristiania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiania">Kristiania</a> 1840—50)</li> <li><i>Norsk Tidsskrift for Personalhistorie og Genealogi</i> (1901 ff.)</li></ul></li> <li>Danmark</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kraksblaabog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kraksblaabog.jpg/220px-Kraksblaabog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kraksblaabog.jpg/330px-Kraksblaabog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kraksblaabog.jpg/440px-Kraksblaabog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption><i>Krak Blå Bog</i> fra 1912</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/C.F._Bricka" class="mw-redirect" title="C.F. Bricka">C.F. Bricka</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dansk_biografisk_Leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dansk biografisk Leksikon">Dansk biografisk Leksikon</a></i> (bind 1-19, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a> 1887-1905, 2. udgave 1933-44, 3. og nyeste udgave 1979-84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Richter" title="Vilhelm Richter">Vilhelm Richter</a>, <i>100 Aars Dødsfald</i> (1901-05)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kraks_Bl%C3%A5_Bog" title="Kraks Blå Bog">Kraks Blå Bog</a></i> (årlig)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Personalhistorisk_Tidsskrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift">Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift</a></i> (1880 ff.)</li> <li><i>Personalhistoriske Samlinger</i> (1906-13)</li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><i>Biografinen nimikirja</i> (Helsingfors 1879-83)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tor_Carpelan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tor Carpelan (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tor Carpelan</a>, <i>Finsk biografisk handbok</i> (1895-1903)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Ved siden af de her nævnte værker findes i de nordiske lande en stor mængde biografiske specialarbejder, dels i leksikalsk form udarbejdede håndbøger (i Danmark for adel, boghandlere, farmaceuter, filologer, forstmænd, jurister, læger, lærere, officerer, præster, rigsdagsmænd) eller værker, hvori hovedvægten er lagt på portrætter med biografisk tekst som <i>Dansk Portrætgalleri</i> (1904-09). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksempler_på_biografier"><span id="Eksempler_p.C3.A5_biografier"></span>Eksempler på biografier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksempler på biografier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksempler på biografier"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Hardis" title="Arne Hardis">Arne Hardis</a>, <i>Idealisten: en biografi om <a href="/wiki/Hans_Scherfig" title="Hans Scherfig">Hans Scherfig</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-02-05508-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-02-05508-5">978-87-02-05508-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Lidegaard" title="Bo Lidegaard">Bo Lidegaard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jens_Otto_Krag" title="Jens Otto Krag">Jens Otto Krag</a>, Bind 1: 1914-1961</i>, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-02-02203-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-02-02203-6">87-02-02203-6</a>; <i>Bind 2: 1962-1978</i>, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-02-02204-9" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-02-02204-9">978-87-02-02204-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olof_Lagercrantz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olof Lagercrantz (ikke skrevet endnu)">Olof Lagercrantz</a>, <i>Eftertanker om <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-88211-43-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-88211-43-6">87-88211-43-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Priser">Priser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Priser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Priser"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der uddeles årligt flere priser for biografier </p> <ul><li><i>Drainie-Taylor Biography Prize</i>, Canada</li> <li><i>National Biography Award</i>, Australien</li> <li><i>Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography</i>, USA</li> <li><i>Whitbread Prize for Best Biography</i>, England</li> <li><i>J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography</i>, England</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliografi" title="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogi">Genealogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldik" title="Heraldik">Heraldik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Henvisninger_og_referencer">Henvisninger og referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Henvisninger og referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Henvisninger og referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politiken.dk/kultur/boger/art5667469/Ghostwriter-neger-kreativ-assistent">Ghostwriter, neger, kreativ assistent - politiken.dk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hvis man ser bort fra biskop i Bergen Anders Foss, hvis værk ikke kendes mere. Jvfr Holger Fr. Rørdam, <i>Klavs Christoffersen Lyskanders Levned, samt hans Bog om Danske Skribenter</i>, Samfundet til den danske Litteraturs Fremme, 1868, s. 163ff</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Casper, Scott E. <i>Constructing American Lives: Biography and Culture in Nineteenth-Century America.</i> Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.</li> <li>Heilbrun, Carolyn. <i>Writing a Woman's Life.</i> New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.</li> <li>Manovich, Lev. <i>The Language of New Media.</i> Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.</li> <li>Stone, Albert E. <i>Autobiographical Occasions and Original Acts.</i> Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Pres, 1982.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekstern_henvisning">Ekstern henvisning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biografi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Ekstern henvisning" 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