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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yamato Imperial Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yamato_Imperial_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soga_clan_and_Shōtoku_Taishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soga_clan_and_Shōtoku_Taishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Soga clan and Shōtoku Taishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soga_clan_and_Shōtoku_Taishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taika_Reform_and_the_ritsuryō_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taika_Reform_and_the_ritsuryō_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taika Reform and the <i>ritsuryō</i> system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taika_Reform_and_the_ritsuryō_system-sublist" class="cdx-button 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_of_Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_of_Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Introduction of Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_of_Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_of_Taoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_of_Taoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Influence of Taoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_of_Taoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Art and architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_and_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art and architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asuka_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asuka_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Asuka culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asuka_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hakuhō_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hakuhō_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hakuhō culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hakuhō_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asuka period</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7" title="فترة أسوكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة أسوكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="আসুকা যুগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আসুকা যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Asuka sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Asuka sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Перыяд Асука – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд Асука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Асука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Asuka" title="Període Asuka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Asuka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Asuka" title="Období Asuka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Asuka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka-Zeit" title="Asuka-Zeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asuka-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Asuka" title="Período Asuka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Asuka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka-epoko" title="Asuka-epoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Asuka-epoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_Aroa" title="Asuka Aroa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asuka Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دوره آسوکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره آسوکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_d%27Asuka" title="Période d'Asuka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période d'Asuka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="아스카 시대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스카 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_(razdoblje)" title="Asuka (razdoblje) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Asuka (razdoblje)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Asuka" title="Zaman Asuka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Asuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Asuka" title="Periodo Asuka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Asuka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94" title="תקופת אסוקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת אסוקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_laikotarpis" title="Asuka laikotarpis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asuka laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszuka-kor" title="Aszuka-kor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aszuka-kor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Asuka" title="Zaman Asuka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Asuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukaperiode" title="Asukaperiode – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Asukaperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="飛鳥時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka" title="Asuka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Asuka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka" title="Asuka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Asuka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_(okres)" title="Asuka (okres) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asuka (okres)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Asuka" title="Período Asuka – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Asuka" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Период Асука – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период Асука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_Asuka" title="Periudha Asuka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha Asuka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Asuka period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Asuka" title="Obdobie Asuka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Asuka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobje_Asuka" title="Obdobje Asuka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obdobje Asuka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Асука период – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Асука период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Asuka period" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka-kausi" title="Asuka-kausi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asuka-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka" title="Asuka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Asuka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Asuka" title="Panahong Asuka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Asuka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="ยุคอาซูกะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคอาซูกะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Asuka Dönemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asuka Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Період Асука – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Асука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Asuka" title="Thời kỳ Asuka – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Asuka" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="飛鳥時代" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="飛鳥時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="飛鳥時代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q210688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Period of Japanese history from 538 CE to 710 CE</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name"><a href="/wiki/Wakoku" title="Wakoku">Wakoku</a> <small>(until 701)</small> <br />Nippon <small>(from 701)</small></div><div class="ib-country-names">Wa (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">倭</span></span>) to Nippon (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">538–710</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yamato Kingship in Japan"><img alt="Yamato Kingship in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg/250px-Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg/375px-Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg/500px-Yamato_Kingship_in_East_Asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="470" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><a href="/wiki/Yamato_Kingship" title="Yamato Kingship">Yamato Kingship</a> in Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asuka,_Yamato" title="Asuka, Yamato">Asuka</a> (until 694)<br /><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara-ky%C5%8D" title="Fujiwara-kyō">Fujiwara-kyō</a> (694–710)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Examples_of_feudalism" title="Examples of feudalism">Feudal</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Okimi" title="Okimi">Okimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 539/540–571 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Kinmei</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 707–710 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Omi_(title)" title="Omi (title)">Ōomi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga Clan</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 538/552–570 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soga_no_Iname" title="Soga no Iname">Soga no Iname</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 626–645 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soga_no_Emishi" title="Soga no Emishi">Soga no Emishi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan#Asuka_Buddhism_(552–645)" title="Buddhism in Japan">Introduction of Buddhism</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">538</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japanese_missions_to_Imperial_China" title="Japanese missions to Imperial China">Embassy to China</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">607</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Isshi_incident" title="Isshi incident">Isshi incident</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 July 645</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">645</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">672</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a> proclaimed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">689</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a> enacted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">701–718</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Capital moved to Nara</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">710</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data">Fuhonsen</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks history-of-japan"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Japan" title="Category:History of Japan">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png/250px-Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png/375px-Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png/500px-Prince_Shotoku_with_Two_Princes_by_Kano_Osanobu_1842.png 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1495" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Periods</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">before 14,000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">14,000–1000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1000 BC – 300 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300–538 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asuka</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">538–710</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">710–794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Nine_Years%27_War" title="Former Nine Years' War">Former Nine Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three-Year_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Three-Year War">Later Three-Year War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">794–1185</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1185–1333</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_Courts_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern and Southern Courts period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1336–1573</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Imjin War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1573–1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period"><b>Edo</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tokugawa)</span></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">Invasion of Ryukyu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Osaka" title="Siege of Osaka">Siege of Osaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1603–1868</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Disposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Disposition">Ryūkyū Disposition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Invasion of Taiwan (1874)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Invasion of Taiwan (1895)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Colonization of Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Colonization of Korea</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1868–1912</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Intervention in Siberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1912–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a></b> <div class="plainlist wraplinks" style="padding-left:1.4em;text-align:left;line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927" title="Nanking incident of 1927">Nanking incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Invasion of Manchuria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_incident" title="February 26 incident">February 26 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anpo_protests" title="Anpo protests">Anpo protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Asset price bubble</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1926–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">Lost Decades</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_Japan" title="Cool Japan">Cool Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Tōhoku earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">Imperial transition</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989–2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Abe assassination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake" title="2024 Noto earthquake">Noto earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Topics</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Japan#History" title="Capital punishment in Japan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Historiography</a></li> <li>Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Japan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Japan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shinto" title="History of Shinto">Shinto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-war_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war Japan">Post-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="History of science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of sports in Japan">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_history" title="Glossary of Japanese history">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Timeline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Japan" title="Template talk:History of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Asuka period</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛鳥時代</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Asuka jidai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> was a period in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">history of Japan</a> lasting from 538 to 710, although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding <a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a> polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period, which is named after the <a href="/wiki/Asuka,_Yamato" title="Asuka, Yamato">Asuka</a> region, about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a>. </p><p>The Asuka period is characterized by its significant <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">artistic</a>, social, and political transformations, having their origins in the late Kofun period. The introduction of Buddhism marked a change in Japanese society. The Asuka period is also distinguished by the change in the name of the country from <a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wa (Japan)">Wa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">倭</span></span>)</span> to <a href="/wiki/Nihon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon">Nippon</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span>)</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "Asuka period" was first used to describe a period in the history of Japanese fine-arts and architecture. It was proposed by fine-arts scholars Sekino Tadasu<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">関野貞</span></span>)</span> and <a href="/wiki/Okakura_Kakuz%C5%8D" title="Okakura Kakuzō">Okakura Kakuzō</a> around 1900. Sekino dated the Asuka period as ending with the <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> of 646. Okakura, however, saw it as ending with the transfer of the capital to the <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a> of Nara. Although historians generally use Okakura's dating, many historians of art and architecture prefer Sekino's dating and use the term "<a href="/wiki/Hakuh%C5%8D_period" title="Hakuhō period">Hakuhō period</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白鳳時代</span></span>)</span>" to refer to the successive period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yamato_Imperial_Court">Yamato Imperial Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Yamato Imperial Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the Asuka period in the 6th century, as a sub-division of the <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato period</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大和時代</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Yamato-jidai</i></i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, is the first time in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese history</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a> ruled relatively uncontested from modern-day <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>, then known as <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Province" title="Yamato Province">Yamato Province</a>. </p><p>The second half of the Kofun period, exercised power over clans in <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>, bestowing titles, some hereditary, on clan chieftains. The Yamato name became synonymous with all of Japan as the Yamato rulers suppressed other clans and acquired agricultural lands. Based on <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> models (including the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_written_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese written language">Chinese written language</a>), they developed a central administration and an imperial court attended by subordinate clan chieftains but with no permanent capital. By the mid-seventh century, the agricultural lands had grown to a substantial public domain, subject to central policy. The basic administrative unit of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gokishichid%C5%8D" title="Gokishichidō">Gokishichidō</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">五畿七道</span></span>, "five cities, seven roads")</span> system was the county, and society was organized into occupation groups. Most people were farmers; others were fishers, weavers, potters, artisans, armorers, and ritual specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soga_clan_and_Shōtoku_Taishi"><span id="Soga_clan_and_Sh.C5.8Dtoku_Taishi"></span>Soga clan and Shōtoku Taishi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Soga clan and Shōtoku Taishi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg/220px-Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg/330px-Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg/440px-Asuka_dera_daibutsu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Daibutsu" title="Daibutsu">Daibutsu</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Asuka-dera" title="Asuka-dera">Asuka-dera</a> in Asuka, the oldest known statue of the Buddha in Japan with an exact known date of manufacture, 609 AD; the statue was made by <a href="/wiki/Tori_Busshi" title="Tori Busshi">Kuratsukuri-no-Tori</a>, son of a Korean immigrant.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga clan</a> intermarried with the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">imperial family</a>, and by 587 <a href="/wiki/Soga_no_Umako" title="Soga no Umako">Soga no Umako</a>, the Soga chieftain, was powerful enough to install his nephew as emperor and later to assassinate him and replace him with the <a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Empress Suiko</a> (r. 593–628). Suiko, the first of eight sovereign empresses, is sometimes considered a mere figurehead for Umako and Prince Regent <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Shōtoku Taishi</a> (574–622). However she wielded power in her own right, and the role of Shōtoku Taishi is often exaggerated to the point of legend.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Shōtoku, recognized as a great intellectual of this period of reform, was a devout <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and was well-read in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese literature</a>. He was influenced by Confucian principles, including the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a>, which suggested that the sovereign ruled at the will of a supreme force. Under Shōtoku's direction, Confucian models of rank and etiquette were adopted, and his <a href="/wiki/Seventeen-article_constitution" title="Seventeen-article constitution">Seventeen-article constitution</a> prescribed ways to bring harmony to a chaotic society in Confucian terms. </p><p>In addition, Shōtoku adopted the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a>, developed a system of trade roads (the aforementioned <i>Gokishichidō</i>), built numerous <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japan" title="Buddhist temples in Japan">Buddhist temples</a>, had court chronicles compiled, sent students to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> to study Buddhism and Confucianism, and sent <a href="/wiki/Ono_no_Imoko" title="Ono no Imoko">Ono no Imoko</a> to China as an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_embassies_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese embassies to China">emissary</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">遣隋使</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kenzuishi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six official missions of envoys, priests, and students were sent to China in the seventh century. Some remained twenty years or more; many of those who returned became prominent reformers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The sending of such scholars to learn Chinese political systems showed significant change from envoys in the Kofun period, in which the <a href="/wiki/Five_kings_of_Wa" title="Five kings of Wa">five kings of Wa</a> sent envoys for the approval of their domains. </p><p>In a move greatly resented by the Chinese, Shōtoku sought equality with the Chinese emperor by sending official correspondence that was addressed, "From the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a> in the Land of the Rising Sun to the Son of Heaven of the Land of the Setting Sun." </p><p>Some would argue that Shōtoku's bold step set a precedent: Japan never again accepted a "subordinate" status in its relations with China,<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshimitsu" title="Ashikaga Yoshimitsu">Ashikaga Yoshimitsu</a>, who accepted such a relationship with China in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Japan in this period received no title from Chinese dynasties, while they did send tribute<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">有貢無封</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">yūkō mufū</i></span>)</span>. From the Chinese point of view, the class or position of Japan was demoted from previous centuries in which the kings received titles. On the other hand, Japan loosened its political relationships with China and consequently established extraordinary cultural and intellectual relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taika_Reform_and_the_ritsuryō_system"><span id="Taika_Reform_and_the_ritsury.C5.8D_system"></span>Taika Reform and the <i>ritsuryō</i> system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taika Reform and the ritsuryō system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taika_Reform">Taika Reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taika Reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:378px;max-width:378px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collection_pi_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Collection_pi_003.jpg/240px-Collection_pi_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Collection_pi_003.jpg/360px-Collection_pi_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Collection_pi_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg/130px-Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg/195px-Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg/260px-Fuhonsen_Asukaike_end_of_7th_century_copper_and_antimony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="1841" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left image</b>: Copper <a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">epitaph</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Funashi_%C5%8Cgo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funashi Ōgo (page does not exist)">Funashi Ōgo</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銅製船氏王後墓誌</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">dōsei funashi ōgo no boshi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, who died in 641 AD and was reburied with his wife in 668 AD. The inscription of 162 characters tells on one side about his birthplace and career and on the opposite about his age at death and the burial details.<br /><b>Right image</b>: <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fuhonsen" title="Fuhonsen">Fuhonsen</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">富本銭</span></span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">coinage</a> from the 7th century, Asuka period</div></div></div></div> <p>About twenty years after the deaths of Shōtoku Taishi (in 622), Soga no Umako (in 626), and Empress Suiko (in 628), court intrigues over succession led to a palace coup in 645 against the <a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga clan</a>'s monopolized control of the government. The revolt was led by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Prince Naka no Ōe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kamatari" title="Fujiwara no Kamatari">Nakatomi no Kamatari</a>, who seized control of the court from the Soga family and introduced the <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era</a> corresponding to the years 645–649 was thus named <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i><a href="/wiki/Taika_(era)" title="Taika (era)">Taika</a></i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大化</span></span>)</span>, meaning "great change" in reference to the Reform. The revolt leading to the Taika Reform is commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Isshi_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Isshi Incident">Isshi Incident</a>, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese zodiac</a> year in which the coup took place, 645. </p><p>Although it did not constitute a legal code, the Taika Reform mandated a series of reforms that established the <i><a href="/wiki/Ritsury%C5%8D" title="Ritsuryō">ritsuryō</a></i> system of social, fiscal, and administrative mechanisms of the seventh to tenth centuries. <i>Ritsu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">律</span></span>)</span> was a code of penal laws, while <i>ryō</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">令</span></span>)</span> was an administrative code. Combined, the two terms came to describe a system of patrimonial rule based on an elaborate legal code that emerged from the Taika Reform.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Taika_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Taika reform">Taika</a> Reform, influenced by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> practices, started with land redistribution aimed at ending the existing landholding system of the great clans and their control over domains and occupational groups. What were once called "private lands and private people"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">私地私民</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shichi shimin</i></span>)</span> became "public lands and public people"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">公地公民</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōchi kōmin</i></span>)</span>, as the court now sought to assert its control over all of Japan and to make the people direct subjects of the throne. Land was no longer hereditary but reverted to the state at the death of the owner. Taxes were levied on harvests and on silk, cotton, cloth, thread, and other products. A <a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">corvée</a> (labor) tax was established for military conscription and building public works. The hereditary titles of clan chieftains were abolished, and three ministries were established to advise the throne: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Sadaijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaijin">Minister of the Left</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Udaijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaijin">Minister of the Right</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D_Daijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daijō Daijin">Chancellor of the Realm</a></li></ul> <p>The country was divided into provinces headed by governors appointed by the court, and the provinces were further divided into districts and villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naka no Ōe assumed the title of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a>, and Kamatari was granted a new family name—<a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara</a>—in recognition of his great service to the imperial family. Fujiwara no Kamatari became the first in a long line of court aristocrats. Another, long-lasting change was the use of the name Nihon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span>)</span>, or sometimes Dai Nippon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大日本</span></span>, "Great Japan")</span> in diplomatic documents and chronicles. In 662, following the reigns of Naka no Ōe's uncle and mother, Naka no Ōe assumed the throne as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Emperor Tenji</a>, taking the additional title <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>. This new title was intended to improve the Yamato clan's image and to emphasize the divine origins of the imperial family in the hope of keeping it above political frays, such as those precipitated by the Soga clan. Within the imperial family, however, power struggles continued as the emperor's brother and son vied for the throne in the <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin War</a>. The brother, who later reigned as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a>, consolidated Tenji's reforms and state power in the imperial court.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ritsuryō_system"><span id="Ritsury.C5.8D_system"></span><i>Ritsuryō</i> system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ritsuryō system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hokiji09o4592.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hokiji09o4592.jpg/180px-Hokiji09o4592.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hokiji09o4592.jpg/270px-Hokiji09o4592.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hokiji09o4592.jpg/360px-Hokiji09o4592.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga,_Nara,_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg/180px-Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg/270px-Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg/360px-Five-storied_Pagoda_-_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_-_Ikaruga%2C_Nara%2C_Japan_-_DSC07559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left image</b>: The three-story <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hokki-ji" title="Hokki-ji">Hokki-ji</a> temple, built in 706 at the end of the Asuka period <br /><b>Right image</b>:The five-storied <a href="/wiki/Japanese_pagoda" title="Japanese pagoda">Japanese pagoda</a> of <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji" title="Hōryū-ji">Hōryū-ji</a> temple, built in the early 7th century (temple was founded in 607; carbon dating of the pagoda's wooden components proves that they were felled as far back as 594)<sup id="cite_ref-100years_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100years-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The <i>ritsuryō</i> system was codified in several stages. The <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmi_Code" title="Ōmi Code">Ōmi Code</a>, named after the provincial site of Emperor Tenji's court, was completed in about 668. Further codification took place with the promulgation by <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a> in 689 of the <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a>, named for the location of the late Emperor Temmu's court. The <i>ritsuryō</i> system was further consolidated and codified in 701 under the <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a>, which, except for a few modifications and being relegated to primarily ceremonial functions, remained in force until 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the <i>ritsu</i> of the code was adopted from the Chinese system, the <i>ryō</i> was arranged in a local style. Some scholars argue that it was to a certain extent based on Chinese models.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Taihō Code provided for Confucian-model penal provisions (light rather than harsh punishments) and Chinese-style central administration through the <i><a href="/wiki/Jingi-kan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingi-kan">Jingi-kan</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神祇官</span></span>)</span>, which was devoted to <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> and court rituals, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-kan" title="Daijō-kan">Daijō-kan</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">太政官</span></span>)</span>, with its eight ministries (for central administration, ceremonies, civil affairs, the imperial household, justice, military affairs, people's affairs, and the treasury). Although the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">Chinese-style civil service examination</a> system was not adopted, the college office<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大学寮</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Daigaku Ryō</i></span>)</span> was founded for training future bureaucrats based on the Confucian classics. Tradition circumvented the system, however, as aristocratic birth continued to be the main qualification for higher position, and titles were soon hereditary again. The Taihō Code did not address the selection of the sovereign. Several empresses reigned from the fifth to the eighth centuries, but after 770 succession was restricted to males, usually from father to son, although sometimes from ruler to brother or uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Fuhito" title="Fujiwara no Fuhito">Fujiwara no Fuhito</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kamatari" title="Fujiwara no Kamatari">Nakatomi no Kamatari</a>, was among those who produced the Taihō Ritsuryō. According to history book <a href="/wiki/Shoku_Nihongi" title="Shoku Nihongi">Shoku Nihongi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">続日本紀</span></span>)</span>, two of the 19 members of the committee drafting the <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a> were Chinese priests (Shoku Shugen and Satsu Koukaku).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese priests also took an active part as linguistic specialists, and received rewards two times from <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oonojou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oonojou.jpg/220px-Oonojou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oonojou.jpg/330px-Oonojou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oonojou.jpg/440px-Oonojou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A stone foundation section of the Mount Shioji <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnoj%C5%8D_Castle_Ruins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōnojō Castle Ruins">Ōnojō Castle Ruins</a>, where construction began in 665</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Takamat1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Takamat1.jpg/220px-Takamat1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Takamat1.jpg/330px-Takamat1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Takamat1.jpg/440px-Takamat1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A wall mural depicting ladies, from the west wall of the <a href="/wiki/Takamatsuzuka_Tomb" title="Takamatsuzuka Tomb">Takamatsuzuka Tomb</a>, late 7th century, Asuka period</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> had been introduced to Japan by the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_embassies_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese embassies to China">imperial Japanese embassies to China</a> were established. Although the missions continued, the transformation of Japan through Chinese influences declined, despite the close connections that had existed during the early Kofun period.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the kingdoms of the Korean peninsula, often at odds with each other, frequently sent diplomatic missions with gifts to Japan, probably with the aim of securing Japanese neutrality or diplomatic/military support in their rivalries;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ultimately, this proved to be of the greatest benefit to <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a>, as Japanese military support for that kingdom increased.<sup id="cite_ref-Sansom_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sansom-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People, many of them artisans and skilled workers, also emigrated to Japan from the Korean peninsula, including two high priests who arrived in Japan in 595: <a href="/wiki/Hyeja" title="Hyeja">Eji</a> from <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyechong" title="Hyechong">Esō</a> from Baekje.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kanroku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanroku">Kanroku</a> also came from Baekje, and was a tutor to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a>, counseling him politically. When Japan allied with Baekje, the Goguryeo priests left Japan. The Yamato court, concentrated in the Asuka region, exercised power over clans in Kyushu and Honshu, bestowing titles, some hereditary, on clan chieftains. The Yamato name became synonymous with all of Japan as the Yamato rulers suppressed the clans and acquired agricultural lands. Based on Chinese models (including the adoption of the Chinese written language), they developed a central administration and an imperial court attended by subordinate clan chieftains but with no permanent capital. By the mid-seventh century, the agricultural lands had grown to a substantial public domain, subject to central policy. The basic administrative unit was the county, and society was organized into occupation groups. Most people were farmers; other were fishers, weavers, potters, artisans, armorers, and ritual specialists. </p><p>From 600 to 659, Japan sent seven emissaries to <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> China. But for the next 32 years, during a period when Japan was formulating its laws based on Chinese texts, none were sent. Though Japan cut off diplomatic relations with China, Japan sent 11 emissaries to <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a>, and Silla is also recorded in <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> as sending embassies to Japan 17 times during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a>. The ruling classes of <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> were on amicable terms, and Yamato deployed its navy to aid Baekje, in 660–663, against an invasion by <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> and Tang China (see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baekgang" title="Battle of Baekgang">battle of Baekgang</a>). </p><p>Numerous official missions of envoys, priests, and students were sent to China in the seventh century. Some remained twenty years or more; many of those who returned became prominent reformers. In a move greatly resented by the Chinese, Shotoku sought equality with the Chinese emperor by sending official correspondence addressed "From the Son of Heaven in the Land of the Rising Sun to the Son of Heaven of the Land of the Setting Sun." Shotoku's bold step set a precedent: Japan never again accepted a subordinate status in its relations with China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction_of_Buddhism">Introduction of Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Introduction of Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:393px;max-width:393px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg/175px-Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg/263px-Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg/350px-Yakushi_Nyorai_Kondo_Horyuji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2022" data-file-height="2937" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periodo_asuka,_amitabha_e_due_assitenti,_VII_sec.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG/210px-Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG/315px-Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG/420px-Periodo_asuka%2C_amitabha_e_due_assitenti%2C_VII_sec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1833" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left image</b>: <a href="/wiki/Yakushi_Nyorai" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakushi Nyorai">Yakushi Nyorai</a> (National Treasure), Kondo, Horyuji, Nara Prefecture, Japan, 7th century, Asuka period <br /><b>Right image</b>: <a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha Buddha">Amitabha Buddha</a> and two assistants, <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilded bronze</a>, 7th century</div></div></div></div> <p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> to Japan is attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> king <a href="/wiki/Seong_of_Baekje" title="Seong of Baekje">Seong</a> in 538, exposing Japan to a new body of religious doctrine. The <a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga clan</a>, a Japanese court family that rose to prominence with the ascension of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Emperor Kinmei</a> about 531, favored the adoption of Buddhism and of governmental and cultural models based on <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>. But some at the Yamato court—such as the <a href="/wiki/Nakatomi_clan" title="Nakatomi clan">Nakatomi family</a>, which was responsible for performing <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> rituals at court, and the <a href="/wiki/Mononobe_clan" title="Mononobe clan">Mononobe</a>, a military clan—were set on maintaining their prerogatives and resisted the alien religious influence of Buddhism. The Soga introduced Chinese-modeled fiscal policies, established the first national treasury, and considered the kingdoms of Korea as trade partners rather than as objects of territorial expansion. Acrimony continued between the Soga and the Nakatomi and Mononobe clans for more than a century, during which the Soga temporarily emerged ascendant. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a>, the Funeral Simplification Edict was proclaimed, and the building of large <i>kofun</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumuli</a>) was banned. The edict also regulated size and shape of <i>kofun</i> by classes.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, later <i>kofun</i>, though much smaller, were distinguished by elaborate frescoes. Paintings and decorations in those <i>kofun</i> indicate the spread of Taoism and Buddhism in this period; the <a href="/wiki/Takamatsuzuka_Kofun" class="mw-redirect" title="Takamatsuzuka Kofun">Takamatsuzuka Kofun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kitora_Tomb" title="Kitora Tomb">Kitora Kofun</a> are notable for their wall paintings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The use of elaborate <a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">kofun</a> tombs by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Household of Japan">imperial family</a> and other elite thus fell out of use amidst the rise of prevailing new Buddhist beliefs, which put greater emphasis on the transience of human life. Commoners and the elite in outlying regions, however, continued to use kofun until the late seventh century, and simpler but distinctive tombs continued in use throughout the following period.<sup id="cite_ref-FRD_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 675 the use of <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> and the consumption of some wild animals (horse, cattle, dogs, monkeys, birds) was banned by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> due to the influence of Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ban was renewed throughout the Asuka period, but ended with the Heian period. The pest animals, deer and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, were not affected by this ban.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_of_Taoism">Influence of Taoism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence of Taoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG/130px-Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG/195px-Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG/260px-Dragon_head_Pitcher_former_Horyuji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="3780" /></a><figcaption>A dragon-head pitcher with <a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a> pattern incised, <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilded</a> bronze with silver, Asuka period, 7th century, former <a href="/wiki/Horyu-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Horyu-ji">Horyu-ji</a> Temple treasures, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum" title="Tokyo National Museum">Tokyo National Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG/220px-Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG/330px-Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG/440px-Hokke_Sesso_Bronze_Plaque_Hasedera.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1285" /></a><figcaption>Bronze plaque depicting <a href="/wiki/Shaka_Nyorai" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaka Nyorai">Shaka</a> delivering a sermon, dated 698 AD, <a href="/wiki/Hase-dera" title="Hase-dera">Hase-dera</a> Temple, Sakurai, Nara</figcaption></figure> <p>Taoism was also introduced during the Asuka period. The octagonal shape of monarchs' tombs of this age and the celestial maps drawn in the Kitora and Takamatsuzuka <i>kofun</i> reflect the Taoist cosmology. </p><p>Taoist belief was eventually amalgamated with Shintō and Buddhism to establish new styles of rituals. <a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">Onmyōdō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">陰陽道</span></span>)</span>, a sort of Japanese <a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">geomancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a>, is one of the fruits of these religious mixtures. While the Asuka period started with conflicts between clans over religious beliefs, later in the period, the imported religions became syncretized with Japan's native folk beliefs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_architecture">Art and architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Art and architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asuka_culture">Asuka culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asuka culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some architectural structures built in the period still remain today. Wooden buildings at <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji" title="Hōryū-ji">Hōryū-ji</a>, built in the seventh century, show some influence from Chinese and west Asian countries. For instance, the pillars at <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji" title="Hōryū-ji">Hōryū-ji</a> are similar to the pillars of the <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, as seen in their <a href="/wiki/Entasis" title="Entasis">entasis</a>. The five-storied pagoda<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">五重の塔</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">go-jū no tō</i></span>)</span> is a transformation from the Indian mound-like <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquary</a> structure called a <i><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a></i>. In addition, mural paintings in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora <i>kofun</i> dating from the fifth century show strong influence from <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> wall painting.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese Buddhist sculpture art of this period is believed to have followed the style of the Six Dynasties of China. The characteristics of the sculptures of this age are also referred to as Tori Style, taken from the name of prominent sculptor <a href="/wiki/Kuratsukuri_Tori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuratsukuri Tori">Kuratsukuri Tori</a>, grandson of Chinese immigrant Shiba Tatto.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the characteristics of the style include marked, almond-shaped eyes, and symmetrically arranged folds in the clothing. The most striking and distinguishing feature of these sculptures is an expression of the smile that is called the "<a href="/wiki/Archaic_smile" title="Archaic smile">archaic smile</a>". <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji#Kudara_Kannon" title="Hōryū-ji">Kudara Kannon at Hōryū-ji</a> is the most prominent Buddhist sculpture from this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hakuhō_culture"><span id="Hakuh.C5.8D_culture"></span>Hakuhō culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hakuhō culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second stage of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art_in_Japan" title="Buddhist art in Japan">Buddhist art</a>, coming after the Asuka (cultural) period, is known as the <a href="/wiki/Hakuho_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakuho Culture">Hakuhō culture</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B3%B3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="extiw" title="ja:白鳳文化">白鳳文化</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hakuhō Bunka</i></span>)</span>, and is generally dated from the <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> (646) until the moving of the capital to Nara in 710. During the latter half of the 8th century, a large number of songs and poems were composed and performed by various ranked people from warriors to the Emperor. The earliest collection of these poems is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">万葉集</span></span>, "collection of 10,000 leaves")</span>. This includes works by several remarkable poets such as <a href="/wiki/Princess_Nukata" title="Princess Nukata">Princess Nukata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kakinomoto_no_Hitomaro" title="Kakinomoto no Hitomaro">Kakinomoto no Hitomaro</a>. <a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)"><i>Waka</i></a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">和歌</span></span>, "Japanese song")</span> also emerged as a new form of poetry at this time. This term was coined to distinguish native styles from those imported from China; within the umbrella of <i>waka</i> poetry, one of the more popular forms is known as <i>tanka</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">短歌</span></span>, "short song")</span>. It consists of a total of 31 <a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)#Japanese" title="Mora (linguistics)">Japanese syllables (morae)</a> divided over five lines, in the syllabic pattern 5/7/5/7/7.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>538: The Korean kingdom of Baekje dispatches a delegation to introduce Buddhism to the Japanese Emperor.</li> <li>592: Introduction of Buddhism to the Imperial court, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i></li> <li>593: <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a> is assigned as regent of <a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Empress Suiko</a> and promotes Buddhism with the Soga clan.</li> <li>600: Yamato Imperial Court sends the first official Japanese mission to China since 478.</li> <li>604: Prince Shōtoku issues a Chinese-style constitution (<a href="/wiki/Seventeen-article_constitution" title="Seventeen-article constitution">Seventeen-article constitution</a>), based on Confucian principles, which <i>de facto</i> inaugurated the Japanese Empire.</li> <li>607: Prince Shōtoku builds the Buddhist temple Hōryūji in Ikaruga.</li> <li>645: Soga no Iruka and his father Emishi are killed in the <a href="/wiki/Isshi_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Isshi Incident">Isshi Incident</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Emperor Kōtoku">Emperor Kōtoku</a> ascends to the throne and strengthens imperial power over the aristocratic clans (see <a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a>), turning their states into provinces.</li></ul></li> <li>663: The Japanese navy was defeated by the Silla-Tang alliance in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baekgang" title="Battle of Baekgang">Battle of Baekgang</a>, failing to restore Baekje.</li> <li>670: The first <a href="/wiki/Koseki" title="Koseki">family registry</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">庚午年籍</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kōgo Nenjaku</i></span>)</span> was compiled.</li> <li>672: Prince Ōama, later <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> usurped the throne by winning the <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin no Ran</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">壬申の乱</span></span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun" title="Emperor Kōbun">Emperor Kōbun</a>.</li> <li>689: The <a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a> was proclaimed.</li> <li>694: The imperial capital is moved to <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara-ky%C5%8D" title="Fujiwara-kyō">Fujiwara-kyō</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kashihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashihara">Kashihara</a> city.</li> <li>701: The <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a> was proclaimed.</li> <li>705: The <a href="/wiki/Nishiyama_Onsen_Keiunkan" title="Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan">Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan</a> is founded. It survives to become the oldest known hotel business still in operation, as of 2019.</li> <li>708: The first Japanese coin<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">和同開珎</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wad%C5%8Dkaichin" title="Wadōkaichin">Wadōkaichin</a></i></span>)</span> was minted.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzan_Shrine" title="Tanzan Shrine">Tanzan Shrine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FRD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRD_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFL._Worden1994" class="citation journal cs1">L. Worden, Robert (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html">"Kofun and Asuka Periods, ca. A.D. 250–710"</a>. <i>A Country Study: Japan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070406121546/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Japan&rft.atitle=Kofun+and+Asuka+Periods%2C+ca.+A.D.+250%E2%80%93710&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=L.+Worden&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fjptoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._Worden1994" class="citation journal cs1">L. Worden, Robert (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html">"Kamakura and Muromachi Periods, 1185–1573, Economic and Cultural Developments"</a>. <i>A Country Study: Japan</i>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070406121546/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Japan&rft.atitle=Kamakura+and+Muromachi+Periods%2C+1185%E2%80%931573%2C+Economic+and+Cultural+Developments&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=L.+Worden&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fjptoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span> Yoshimitsu, in 1404, accepted the "King of Japan" title in his willingness to improve relations with China and to rid Japan of the wako threat, thus establishing trade with China. This was considered as tribute by the Chinese but the Japanese saw it as profitable trade. This relationship lasted for about 50 years. (see also <i><a href="/wiki/Sinocentrism" title="Sinocentrism">Sinocentrism</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgeneral_editors,_John_W._Hall..._[1988" class="citation book cs1">general editors, John W. Hall... [; et al. (1988). <i>The Cambridge history of Japan</i>. Cambridge, UK: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 182–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22352-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22352-0"><bdi>0-521-22352-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+Japan&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=182-183&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-22352-0&rft.au=general+editors%2C+John+W.+Hall...+%5B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanology.cn/paper/ch/14gao_mingshi.html">隋唐使の赴倭とその儀礼問題台湾大学歴史学系　高明士</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060919070814/http://www.japanology.cn/paper/ch/14gao_mingshi.html">Archived</a> September 19, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, japanology.cn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100years-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100years_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeb_Japan" class="citation web cs1">Web Japan, sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-japan.org/trends00/honbun/tj010330.html">"One hundred years older than supposed?: World Heritage Pagoda"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+hundred+years+older+than+supposed%3F%3A+World+Heritage+Pagoda&rft.aulast=Web+Japan&rft.aufirst=sponsored+by+the+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-japan.org%2Ftrends00%2Fhonbun%2Ftj010330.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Wayne Farris, <i>Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues on the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dCNioYQ1HfsC&q=yamato+paekche&pg=PA105">Books.Google.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://applepig.idv.tw/kuon/furu/text/syokki/syokki01.htm#skk01_06">續日本紀　卷第一　文武紀一</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070111084211/http://applepig.idv.tw/kuon/furu/text/syokki/syokki01.htm#skk01_06">Archived</a> January 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, applepig.idv.tw</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-texts.com/jodai/shoku1.html">『続日本紀』国史大系版</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512121540/http://www.j-texts.com/jodai/shoku1.html">Archived</a> 2018-05-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, j-texts.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Samurai: 200–1500 AD</i> by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Bryant" title="Anthony J. Bryant">Anthony J. Bryant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angus_McBride" title="Angus McBride">Angus McBride</a> "At about this time Paekche began feeling renewed pressure from Silla and Koguryo and pleaded with the Yamato court to send help ... During the Mimana struggles against Silla, Paekche sent many presents to Japan."(Page8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sansom-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sansom_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sansom, George (1958). <i>A History of Japan to 1334</i>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/biography/shotoku-taishi/"><i>Encyclopedia of World Biography</i> on Shotoku Taishi</a> "Two Korean high priests arrived in Japan in 595—Eji from the kingdom of Koryo (Koma) and Eso from the kingdom of Paekche (Kudara)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hisao Nagayama. 「たべもの江戸史」新人物往来社, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4309473105" title="Special:BookSources/4309473105">4309473105</a> p. 66. 『、「牛馬犬猿鶏の宍(肉)を食うことなかれ」の殺生禁断の令は有名拍車をかけたのが仏教の影響である。』</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiichi Koyanagi. 「日本人の食生活 : 飢餓と豊饒の変遷史」 Tōkyō : Shibata shoten, 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarris,_William_Wayne1998" class="citation book cs1">Farris, William Wayne (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dCNioYQ1HfsC&q=kofun+tumuli+korea&pg=PA95"><i>Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues on the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2030-5"><bdi>978-0-8248-2030-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Texts+and+Buried+Treasures%3A+Issues+on+the+Historical+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Japan&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2030-5&rft.au=Farris%2C+William+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdCNioYQ1HfsC%26q%3Dkofun%2Btumuli%2Bkorea%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1091">"Complex of Koguryo Tombs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Centre">UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complex+of+Koguryo+Tombs&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9380953/Tori-style">"Tori style"</a>. <i>Britannica Concise</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tori+style&rft.btitle=Britannica+Concise&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcise.britannica.com%2Febc%2Farticle-9380953%2FTori-style&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurashigeRie_Yamada2003" class="citation web cs1">Kurashige, Taku; Rie Yamada (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206230116/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/japan/asuka/asuka-period.html">"Asuka Period"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/japan/asuka/asuka-period.html">the original</a> on 2006-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asuka+Period&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kurashige&rft.aufirst=Taku&rft.au=Rie+Yamada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnsu.edu%2Femuseum%2Fprehistory%2Fjapan%2Fasuka%2Fasuka-period.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuka_period&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Japan". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html"><i>Country Studies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.btitle=Country+Studies&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fjptoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsuka+period" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_topics" title="Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_topics" title="Template talk:Japan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Japan" title="Outline of Japan">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Eras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shoguns" title="List of shoguns">Shoguns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Japan" title="List of wars involving Japan">Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asuka period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuh%C5%8D_period" title="Hakuhō period">Hakuhō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monmu_period" title="Monmu period">Monmu period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">Council of Five Elders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Government of Meiji Japan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_oligarchy" title="Meiji oligarchy">Meiji oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_han_system" title="Abolition of the han system">Abolition of the han system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a> (noble)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">2019 imperial transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_addressing_system" title="Japanese addressing system">Addresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Japan" title="List of extreme points of Japan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Japan" title="List of lakes of Japan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Japan" title="List of rivers of Japan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Japan" title="List of towns in Japan">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Japan" title="List of villages in Japan">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="List of emperors of Japan">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ rights in Japan">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Japan" title="Judicial system of Japan">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Japan">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Diet_of_Japan" title="List of members of the Diet of Japan">List of members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Self-Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Air</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_cabinets" title="List of Japanese cabinets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_and_fiscal_policy_of_Japan" title="Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Japan" title="Foreign policy of Japan">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Japan" title="Ministries of Japan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Japan" title="List of prime ministers of Japan">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Japan">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_forestry,_and_fishing_in_Japan" title="Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan">Agriculture, forestry, fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_market_of_Japan" title="Labor market of Japan">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan" title="Manufacturing in Japan">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Japan" title="Communications in Japan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Yen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Japan" title="Category:Society of Japan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table 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title="Homelessness in Japan">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_prefectures_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Japanese prefectures by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Japan" title="Prostitution in Japan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Japan" title="Sex trafficking in Japan">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_minorities_in_Japan" title="Sexual minorities in Japan">Sexual minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Japan" title="Women in Japan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> / <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema</a></li> 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