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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 性质 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关性质子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 结构 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 制备 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用处" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用处"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 用处 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-用处-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反应" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">六甲苯</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。18种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سداسي ميثيل البنزين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سداسي ميثيل البنزين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86" title="هقزامتیل‌بنزن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هقزامتیل‌بنزن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylbenzol" title="Hexamethylbenzol – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hexamethylbenzol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylbenzene" title="Hexamethylbenzene – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hexamethylbenzene" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksametilbenzeno" title="Heksametilbenzeno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heksametilbenzeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86" title="هگزامتیل‌بنزن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هگزامتیل‌بنزن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksametyylibentseeni" title="Heksametyylibentseeni – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heksametyylibentseeni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexam%C3%A9thylbenz%C3%A8ne" title="Hexaméthylbenzène – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hexaméthylbenzène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksametilbenzena" title="Heksametilbenzena – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heksametilbenzena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esametilbenzene" title="Esametilbenzene – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esametilbenzene" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A1%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ヘキサメチルベンゼン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘキサメチルベンゼン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylbenzeen" title="Hexamethylbenzeen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hexamethylbenzeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexametilbenzen" title="Hexametilbenzen – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hexametilbenzen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Гексаметилбензол – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гексаметилбензол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksametilbenzen" title="Heksametilbenzen – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Heksametilbenzen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heksametilbenzen" title="Heksametilbenzen – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Heksametilbenzen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Гексаметилбензол – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гексаметилбензол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylbenzen" title="Hexamethylbenzen – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hexamethylbenzen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexamethylbenzene.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structural formula of hexamethylbenzene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hexamethylbenzene.svg/130px-Hexamethylbenzene.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hexamethylbenzene.svg/195px-Hexamethylbenzene.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hexamethylbenzene.svg/260px-Hexamethylbenzene.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="547" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of the hexamethylbenzene molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png/130px-Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png/195px-Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png/260px-Hexamethylbenzene_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="2000" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:HMB2wBottle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/HMB2wBottle.jpg/200px-HMB2wBottle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/HMB2wBottle.jpg/300px-HMB2wBottle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/HMB2wBottle.jpg/400px-HMB2wBottle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="1143" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="max-width:305px; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC名</a> Hexamethylbenzene </td></tr> <tr> <td>别名 </td> <td>1,2,3,4,5,6-六甲基苯 六甲基苯 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=87-85-4">87-85-4</a>  <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6908">6908</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/6642">6642</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">c1(c(c(c(c(c1C)C)C)C)C)C</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1/C12H18/c1-7-8(2)10(4)12(6)11(5)9(7)3/h1-6H3</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChIKey</a> </td> <td>YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYAF </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:39001">39001</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td>C12H18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>162.27 g·mol−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>外观 </td> <td>白色晶体 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a> </td> <td>1.0630 g cm−3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>164.9-166.3 °C（438-439 K） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a> </td> <td>265.2 °C（538 K） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>） </td> <td>不溶 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" title="乙酸">乙酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="丙酮">丙酮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF" title="苯">苯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E4%BB%BF" title="氯仿">氯仿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9A" title="乙醚">乙醚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> 六甲苯是一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氢化合物">碳氢化合物</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> C12H18，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%BC%8F" title="结构式">结构式</a> C6(CH3)6。它是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF" title="苯">苯</a>的六个氢原子都被<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA" title="甲基">甲基</a>取代而生的化合物。1929年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔（页面不存在）">凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Lonsdale" class="extiw" title="en:Kathleen Lonsdale">Kathleen Lonsdale</a>）报告了六甲苯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a>，证明苯环是平面六边形的<a href="#cite_note-Lonsdale-1">[1]</a>，从而结束了关于苯的结构的持续争论。无论是对于<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="X射线晶体学">X射线晶体学</a>抑或研究<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%80%A7" title="芳香性">芳香性</a>的領域，這皆是一個具有歷史意義的成果。<a href="#cite_note-Lydon1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lydon2-3">[3]</a> 六甲苯可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A" title="苯酚">苯酚</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>在高温和合适的固体催化剂（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氧化铝">氧化铝</a>）下反应而生成。<a href="#cite_note-HMBSynth-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMBOrgSynth-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-PMB-6">[6]</a>这个反应的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E6%9C%BA%E7%90%86" title="反应机理">反应机理</a>已被广泛研究，<a href="#cite_note-Koptyug1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ipatiew-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takeshi1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takeshi2-10">[10]</a> 過程中含有几种<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%93" title="反应中间体">反应中间体</a>的存在。<a href="#cite_note-PMB-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-CullinaneChard-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koptyug2-12">[12]</a>在合适的催化剂存在下<a href="#cite_note-Cr-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ti-14">[14]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%99%E7%82%94" class="mw-redirect" title="二甲基乙炔">二甲基乙炔</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%94%E7%83%83%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="炔烃三聚（页面不存在）">炔烃三聚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne_trimerisation" class="extiw" title="en:Alkyne trimerisation">Alkyne trimerisation</a>）也可生成六甲基苯。<a href="#cite_note-Trimerisation-15">[15]</a>六甲基苯可以被氧化成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8" title="苯六甲酸">苯六甲酸</a>，<a href="#cite_note-HMBoxidation-16">[16]</a>后者的铝<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">盐</a>存在于稀有矿物<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E8%A0%9F%E7%9F%B3" title="蜜蠟石">蜜蠟石</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-mellite-17">[17]</a> 六甲基苯也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機金屬化合物">有机金属化合物</a>中的一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94" title="配體">配體</a>。<a href="#cite_note-AreneReview-18">[18]</a>其中一个例子是随着钌原子<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a>变化而改变结构的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钌化合物（页面不存在）">有机钌化合物</a>，<a href="#cite_note-Fe-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-RuHMB2-20">[20]</a>而这个变化不存在于对应的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铁化合物（页面不存在）">有机铁化合物</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-Fe-19">[19]</a> 2016年，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" title="应用化学 (期刊)">应用化学</a>》<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>報告了六甲基苯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双阳离子（页面不存在）">双阳离子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dication" class="extiw" title="en:dication">dication</a>）的晶體結構。顯示出的結構為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A7%92%E9%8C%90" title="五角錐">五角錐</a>形，其中一個碳原子與其他六个碳原子具有鍵合相互作用。<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalNewSci-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-PyramidalC&ENews-23">[23]</a>这个结构是“空前未見的”，<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>因为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>通常的最高<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E4%BB%B7" title="化合价">化合价</a>是四，而这也吸引了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA" title="新科學人">新科学人</a>》、<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalNewSci-22">[22]</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="化学化工新闻">化学化工新闻</a>》<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalC&ENews-23">[23]</a>和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科学新闻（页面不存在）">科学新闻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_News" class="extiw" title="en:Science News">Science News</a>）》等的注意。<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalSciNews-24">[24]</a>这种结构並没有违反<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%9A%85%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87" title="八隅體規則">八隅体规则</a>，因为这些碳-碳键不是两电子键。此結構在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="教育学">教學</a>上可作為例子，说明碳原子“可以与四个以上的原子直接结合”。<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalSciNews-24">[24]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯蒂芬·巴哈拉赫（页面不存在）">斯蒂芬·巴哈拉赫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Bachrach" class="extiw" title="en:Steven Bachrach">Steven Bachrach</a>）證明了六甲基苯双阳离子是超配位的，而不是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BB%B7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="超价分子">超价分子</a>，并解释了其芳香性。<a href="#cite_note-Bachrach-25">[25]</a>此类物种中的键合可以從<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机金属化学">有机金属化学</a>的视角描述，此想法在1975年提出，<a href="#cite_note-HMBviaOMetChem-26">[26]</a>緊隨C 6(CH 3)2+ 6的發現。<a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs1-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs3-29">[29]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质">性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性质">编辑</a>]</div> 六甲苯是一种<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="芳香化合物">芳香化合物</a>，有六个π电子（符合<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="休克尔规则">休克尔规则</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="离域">離域</a>於整個環狀平面系统之上；六个环碳原子之中的每一个都是sp2 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="杂化">杂化</a>並展現出<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" title="平面三角形分子构型">平面三角形分子构型</a>，而每一个甲基碳皆是sp3杂化並有著<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%93%E5%BD%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" title="四面体形分子构型">四面体形分子构型</a>，与其经验结构的描述一致。<a href="#cite_note-Lonsdale-1">[1]</a>六甲苯是一种无色到白色，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="正交晶系">正交晶系</a>的晶体，<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[30]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> 165–166 °C，<a href="#cite_note-HMBOrgSynth-5">[5]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a> 268 °C，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>1.0630 g cm−3。<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[30]</a>它不溶于水，但溶于有机溶剂，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF" title="苯">苯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>。<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[30]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:367px;max-width:367px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mellite-20130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mellite-20130.jpg/174px-Mellite-20130.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mellite-20130.jpg/261px-Mellite-20130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mellite-20130.jpg/348px-Mellite-20130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="368" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mellitic-acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mellitic-acid.svg/185px-Mellitic-acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mellitic-acid.svg/278px-Mellitic-acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mellitic-acid.svg/370px-Mellitic-acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="360" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">矿物<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E8%A0%9F%E7%9F%B3" title="蜜蠟石">蜜蠟石</a>（左）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8" title="苯六甲酸">苯六甲酸</a>（右）的水合铝盐</div></div></div></div> 矿物蜜蠟石是苯六甲酸的铝盐的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="水合物">水合物</a>，化学式 Al 2[C 6(CO 2) 6]•16H 2O。<a href="#cite_note-mellite-17">[17]</a>苯六甲酸本身可以从矿物中提取，<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="有机氧化还原反应">還原反應</a>而产生六甲苯。相反，六甲苯也可以被<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="有机氧化还原反应">氧化</a>成苯六甲酸：<a href="#cite_note-HMBoxidation-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png/400px-%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png/600px-%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png/800px-%E8%8B%AF%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%82%84%E5%8E%9F.png 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> 六甲苯和氯甲烷、三氯化铝的超级亲电混合物（Meδ⊕Cl---δ⊖AlCl3的来源）会产生七甲苯阳离子，是最早被直接观察到的碳正离子之一。 <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Heptamethylbenzenium2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Heptamethylbenzenium2.png/450px-Heptamethylbenzenium2.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Heptamethylbenzenium2.png/675px-Heptamethylbenzenium2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Heptamethylbenzenium2.png/900px-Heptamethylbenzenium2.png 2x" data-file-width="8696" data-file-height="2350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="结构">结构</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：结构">编辑</a>]</div> 在1927年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔（页面不存在）">凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Lonsdale" class="extiw" title="en:Kathleen Lonsdale">Kathleen Lonsdale</a>）利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8B%B1%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="克里斯托夫·英果尔德">克里斯托夫·英果尔德</a>提供的六甲苯晶體測定其<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Lydon2-3">[3]</a> 她將<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="X射线衍射">X射線繞射</a>分析結果發表在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" title="自然 (期刊)">自然</a>》期刊上<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>。朗斯代尔在《晶體與X射線》（Crystals and X-Rays）一書中描述了該項研究，<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>解釋指她意識到儘管六甲苯的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单元格（页面不存在）">单元格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/unit_cell" class="extiw" title="en:unit cell">unit cell</a>）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%96%9C%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="三斜晶系">三斜晶系</a>，但其<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%9E%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="繞射">繞射</a>圖案具有偽六邊形對稱性，這使得結構的可能性受到限制，足以讓她通過試錯法來產生結構模型。<a href="#cite_note-Lydon2-3">[3]</a>这项工作明确表明六甲苯是平面分子构型的，並且環内不同的碳-碳键距离皆為相同，<a href="#cite_note-Lydon1-2">[2]</a>为理解<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E6%80%A7" title="芳香性">芳香性</a>的性质提供重要证据。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制备">制备</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：制备">编辑</a>]</div> 1880年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·阿希尔·勒贝尔（页面不存在）">约瑟夫·阿希尔·勒贝尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Achille_Le_Bel" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Achille Le Bel">Joseph Achille Le Bel</a>）和威廉·H·葛林报告了<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>被形容“不平凡”的，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%8C" title="氯化锌">氯化锌</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96" title="催化">催化</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%94%85%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%B3%95" title="一锅合成法">一鍋合成法</a>，過程中從<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>合成了六甲苯。<a href="#cite_note-HMB-35">[35]</a>在催化剂的熔点下（283 °C），反应的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E8%83%BD" title="吉布斯能">吉布斯能</a>（ΔG）为−1090 kJ mol−1，反应如下：<a href="#cite_note-HMB-35">[35]</a> <dl><dd>15 CH 3OH   →   C 6(CH 3) 6   +   3 CH 4   +   15 H 2O</dd></dl> 勒贝勒和葛林提出了理論以解釋這個過程，內容涉及由甲醇脱水而成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A5%E8%81%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA" title="桥联亚甲基">亚甲基</a>单元的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芳香化（页面不存在）">芳香化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aromatisation" class="extiw" title="en:aromatisation">aromatisation</a>），從而生成苯環，接著在原位用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="氯甲烷">氯甲烷</a>進行完全的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85-%E5%85%8B%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="傅-克反应">傅-克</a>甲基化。<a href="#cite_note-HMB-35">[35]</a>反应主要产生<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%83%83" class="mw-redirect" title="饱和烃">饱和烃</a>的混合物，六甲苯为次要产物。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>六甲苯也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="对二甲苯">对二甲苯</a>傅-克烷基化成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E5%9B%9B%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="均四甲苯">均四甲苯</a>的副产物，而通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96" title="烷基化">烷基化</a>均四甲苯或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="五甲苯">五甲苯</a>产生的六甲苯皆有著可觀產率。<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> 六甲苯通常在高温<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氣相">气相</a>中通过固体催化剂下制备。早期制备六甲苯的方法包括使<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="丙酮">丙酮</a>和甲醇蒸气的混合物在400 °C的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氧化铝">氧化铝</a>催化剂下反应。<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A" title="苯酚">苯酚</a>和甲醇在 410–440 °C 的乾燥<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>氣體中也会产生六甲苯，<a href="#cite_note-HMBSynth-4">[4]</a>尽管它是作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E7%94%B2%E9%86%9A" title="苯甲醚">苯甲醚</a>（甲氧基苯）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%85%9A" title="甲酚">甲酚</a>（甲基苯酚）和其他甲基化苯酚的複雜混合物的一部分而被生成。<a href="#cite_note-CullinaneChard-11">[11]</a>在《有機合成》收錄的制備方法中，甲醇和苯酚則在 530 °C的氧化铝催化剂下反应，產率約為66%，<a href="#cite_note-HMBOrgSynth-5">[5]</a>而在其他不同條件下進行的合成方法也有被報道。<a href="#cite_note-PMB-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png/400px-Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png/600px-Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png/800px-Hexamethylbenzene_synthesis.png 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> 這種表面介導反應的機制已被妥善地研究，研究的過程中着眼於如何更好地控制反應结果，<a href="#cite_note-Ipatiew-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>特别是在尋找具有選擇性和受控的鄰位甲基化反應。<a href="#cite_note-Takeshi1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takeshi2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>苯甲醚<a href="#cite_note-CullinaneChard-11">[11]</a>和五甲苯<a href="#cite_note-PMB-6">[6]</a>皆被報告為此過程的反應中間體。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E4%BC%A6%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%A7%8B%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华伦汀·科普秋格（页面不存在）">华伦汀·科普秋格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Koptyug" class="extiw" title="en:Valentin Koptyug">Valentin Koptyug</a>）和同事发现，六甲基环己二烯酮的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="异构体">异构体</a>（2,3,4,4,5,6-和2,3,4,5,6,6-）亦是反應中的中間體，经過<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%92%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="重排反應">重排反應</a>而形成六甲苯。<a href="#cite_note-Koptyug1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koptyug2-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94" title="2-丁炔">2-丁炔</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%94%E7%83%83%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="炔烃三聚（页面不存在）">三聚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne_trimerisation" class="extiw" title="en:Alkyne trimerisation">Alkyne trimerisation</a>）也可以生成六甲苯。<a href="#cite_note-Trimerisation-15">[15]</a>此反应可被三苯基三(四氢呋喃)铬<a href="#cite_note-Cr-13">[13]</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9B" title="四氯化钛">四氯化钛</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E9%93%9D" title="三异丁基铝">三异丁基铝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配合物</a>催化。<a href="#cite_note-Ti-14">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png/350px-2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png/525px-2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png/700px-2-%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%81%9A.png 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用处">用处</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：用处">编辑</a>]</div> 六甲苯可用作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A6-3%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氦-3核磁共振（页面不存在）">3He-NMR 光谱测试</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3_nuclear_magnetic_resonance" class="extiw" title="en:Helium-3 nuclear magnetic resonance">Helium-3 nuclear magnetic resonance</a>）的溶剂。<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反应">反应</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：反应">编辑</a>]</div> 它會和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E5%9F%BA%E6%B0%AF" title="苦基氯">苦基氯</a>反應形成 1:1 加合物。<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> 它亦會被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%9F%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" title="三氟过氧乙酸">三氟过氧乙酸</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="过氧化氢">过氧化氢</a>氧化，产生 2,3,4,5,6,6-六甲基-2,4-环己二烯酮：<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koptyug1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koptyug2-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png/400px-Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png/600px-Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png/800px-Hexamethylbenzene_oxidation.png 2x" data-file-width="2518" data-file-height="726" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> 就像苯本身一样，六甲苯中富含电子的芳香系统使其能在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机金属化学">有机金属化学</a>中充当<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94" title="配體">配體</a>。<a href="#cite_note-AreneReview-18">[18]</a> 甲基是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A8%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="推电子基（页面不存在）">推电子基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_donating_group" class="extiw" title="en:Electron donating group">Electron donating group</a>），使得相对于苯，它将中心环的碱性提高六到七个<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E7%BA%A7" title="数量级">数量级</a>。<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>有各种金属中心的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機金屬化合物">这些配合物</a>已被报告，包括钴、<a href="#cite_note-CoRh-46">[46]</a>铬、<a href="#cite_note-Cr-13">[13]</a>铁、<a href="#cite_note-Fe-19">[19]</a>铼、<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>铑、<a href="#cite_note-CoRh-46">[46]</a>钌<a href="#cite_note-RuHMB2-20">[20]</a>和钛。<a href="#cite_note-Ti-14">[14]</a>钴和铑和六甲苯化学式 [M(C 6(CH 3) 6) 2]n+ (M = Co, Fe, Rh, Ru; n = 1, 2) 的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B9%E5%BF%83%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="夹心配合物">夹心配合物</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="阳离子">阳离子</a>，其中金属中心和两个芳烃的π电子结合，并且可以通过配体交换从适当的金属盐轻松合成，例如：<a href="#cite_note-CoRh-46">[46]</a> <dl><dd>CoBr 2   +   2 AlBr 3   →   [Co(C 6(CH 3) 6) 2]2+   +   2 AlBr− 4</dd></dl> 这些配合物可以参与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应">氧化还原反应</a>。铑和钴配合物的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双阳离子（页面不存在）">双阳离子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dication" class="extiw" title="en:dication">dication</a>）可以用合适的活性金属（钴配合物用铝还原，铑配合物用锌还原）进行单电子还原，描述钴配合物的反应方程式如下：<a href="#cite_note-CoRh-46">[46]</a> <dl><dd>3 [Co(C 6(CH 3) 6) 2]2+   +   Al   →   3 [Co(C 6(CH 3) 6) 2]+   +   Al3+ </dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru(C6H6)2redox_pi-highlight.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png/300px-Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png/450px-Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png/600px-Ru%28C6H6%292redox_pi-highlight.png 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>[Ru(C6(CH3)6)2]n+ 的结构变化<a href="#cite_note-RuHMB2-20">[20]</a> 左：n = 2, [RuII(η6-C6(CH3)6)2]2+ 右：n = 0, [Ru0(η4-C6(CH3)6)(η6-C6(CH3)6)] 为清楚起见省略了甲基。与碳-钌键合相关的电子对是红色的</figcaption></figure> 在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钌化学（页面不存在）">有机钌化学</a>中，双阳离子和电中性物种在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E8%85%88" title="乙腈">乙腈</a>中的还原电位为 −1.02 V，<a href="#cite_note-Fe-19">[19]</a>并且伴随着结构的变化。<a href="#cite_note-RuHMB2-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>随着钌中心<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a>的变化，其中一个六甲苯配体的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%99%AE%E6%89%98%E6%95%B8" title="哈普托數">哈普托数</a>会变化。[Ru(η6-C6(CH3)6)2]2+ 会还原成 [Ru(η4-C6(CH3)6)(η6-C6(CH3)6)]，<a href="#cite_note-RuHMB2-20">[20]</a>它的结构变化是用来遵守<a href="/wiki/18%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="18电子规则">18电子规则</a>，增强稳定性。 类似的铁(II)配合物的单电子还原可逆（在乙醇水溶液中为−0.48 V），但双电子还原（−1.46 V）不可逆，<a href="#cite_note-Fe-19">[19]</a>表明它的结构变化不同于在钌配合物中发现的结构变化。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="双阳离子">双阳离子</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：双阳离子">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A5%E5%9E%8B%E7%A2%B3%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锥型碳阳离子（页面不存在）">锥型碳阳离子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal_carbocation" class="extiw" title="en:Pyramidal carbocation">Pyramidal carbocation</a>）</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyramidal_dikation,_hexamethyl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg/220px-Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg/330px-Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg/440px-Pyramidal_dikation%2C_hexamethyl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>化学式 C 6(CH 3)2+ 6的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A5%E5%9E%8B%E7%A2%B3%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锥型碳阳离子（页面不存在）">锥型碳阳离子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal_carbocation" class="extiw" title="en:Pyramidal carbocation">Pyramidal carbocation</a>）</figcaption></figure> C 6(CH 3) 6H+ 在1960年代对<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%9C%E7%93%A6%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六甲基杜瓦苯（页面不存在）">六甲基杜瓦苯</a>的调查中首次报道，<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="核磁共振">核磁共振</a>的证据提出了五角錐结构，<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>随后得到无序的<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>晶体结构数据的支持。<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>1970年代初期，由赫普克·霍赫芬领导的理论工作预测了五角錐形的双阳离子 C 6(CH 3)2+ 6的存在，并且该意见很快得到了实验证据的支持。<a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs1-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs2-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMBcatObs3-29">[29]</a>对苯在极低温度（低于 4K）下的双电子氧化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" title="光谱学">光谱学</a>研究表明，形成六边形的双阳离子，然后迅速重新排列成五角錐结构：<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxidation_of_benzene_to_its_dication.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Oxidation_of_benzene_to_its_dication.jpg" decoding="async" width="479" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="103" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C6(CH3)6(2%2B)_3D_skeletal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png/220px-C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png/330px-C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png/440px-C6%28CH3%296%282%2B%29_3D_skeletal.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>C 6(CH 3)2+ 6有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A7%92%E9%8C%90" title="五角錐">五角锥</a>结构</figcaption></figure> 一般預料六甲苯的雙電子氧化會令其重排為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%90%E5%9E%8B%E7%A2%B3%E9%99%BD%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錐型碳陽離子（页面不存在）">錐型碳陽離子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal_carbocation" class="extiw" title="en:Pyramidal carbocation">Pyramidal carbocation</a>），但以此方法試圖批量合成的嘗試皆沒有成功。<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>然而，在2016年霍赫芬的方法受到了改進，連帶得出了[C 6(CH 3) 6][SbF 6] 2•HSO 3F的高質素晶體結構。它的锥高为 1.18 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="埃格斯特朗">埃格斯特朗</a>，五个甲基都略高于底面，<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%93%E5%BD%A2%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B#反轉的四面体构型" title="四面体形分子构型">反转的四面体构型</a>。它的制备方法是六甲基杜瓦苯的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="环氧化物">环氧化物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E9%85%B8" title="魔酸">魔酸</a>反应，离去氧离子 (O2− )，形成双阳离子：<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:C6(CH3)6_(SbF6)2_synthesis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png/500px-C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png/750px-C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png/1000px-C6%28CH3%296_%28SbF6%292_synthesis.png 2x" data-file-width="2441" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> 儘管先前的間接光谱證據和理論計算均已表明它們的存在，但對於‘帶有一個僅與其他碳原子結合的六配位碳’的特殊化學物種所做的分離和結構測定仍是前所未有的，<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>并吸引了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="化学化工新闻">化学化工新闻</a>》、<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalC&ENews-23">[23]</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA" title="新科學人">新科学人</a>》、<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalNewSci-22">[22]</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科学新闻（页面不存在）">科学新闻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_News" class="extiw" title="en:Science News">Science News</a>）》<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalSciNews-24">[24]</a>和ZME Science评论。<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>碳的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E4%BB%B7" title="化合价">化合价</a>为四，而该例角锥顶点上的那个碳原子和六个原子键合，并不寻常。<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalC&ENews-23">[23]</a>该分子是芳香性的，在五角錐的底部与其顶点之间的五个键中总共只有六个电子，可以避免违反<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E9%9A%85%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87" title="八隅體規則">八隅体规则</a>。也就是说，五角錐的每个斜边只有部分键，而不是一个正常的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E9%94%AE" title="共价键">共价键</a>。尽管顶部的碳确实与六个原子键合，但它总共使用不超过八个电子。<a href="#cite_note-HMBviaOMetChem-26">[26]</a> 注意形成双阳离子五角錐斜边的弱键（在结构中显示为虚线），它的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AE%E7%BA%A7" title="键级">键级</a>约为 0.54，因此总键级为 5 × 0.54 + 1 = 3.7 < 4，所以此物种不是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BB%B7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="超价分子">超价分子</a>，但它是超配位分子。<a href="#cite_note-Bachrach-25">[25]</a>双阳离子中，有三種不同的碳-碳键，一則環上的鍵，具有芳香性；二則環到甲基的單鍵；三則斜边，是弱的部分键。其差異也反映在碳-碳<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AE%E9%95%BF" title="键长">键长</a>中：环的碳-碳键长为 1.439–1.445 Å（最短），环到甲基的碳-碳键长为 1.479–1.489 Å（居中），而环到六配位碳的碳-碳键长为1.694–1.715 Å（最長）<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalAngewChem-21">[21]</a>。从有机金属化学的角度来看，该物种可以被视为 [(η5 –C 5(CH 3) 5)C(CH 3)] 。<a href="#cite_note-HMBviaOMetChem-26">[26]</a>此理解下，碳(IV)的中心 (C4+ )，與一个芳香性的 η5–<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="环戊二烯">环戊二烯</a>阴离子（六个电子）和甲基阴离子（两个电子）鍵結，從而满足八隅体规则，类似于相关的气相<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机锌化合物">有机锌化合物</a> [(η5 –C 5(CH 3) 5)Zn(CH 3)] ，其有同樣的配體键结到锌(II)中心(Zn2+ )，符合<a href="/wiki/18%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="18电子规则">18电子规则</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Cp*ZnMe-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:234px;max-width:234px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png/232px-Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png" decoding="async" width="232" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png/348px-Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Bachrach_image_of_hexamethylbenzene_dication.png 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="250" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_(C5Me5)Zn(Me).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png/202px-Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png/303px-Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png/404px-Structure_of_organometallic_zinc_complex_%28C5Me5%29Zn%28Me%29.png 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="662" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">左图：C 6(CH 3)2+ 6的结构，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯蒂芬·巴哈拉赫（页面不存在）">斯蒂芬·巴哈拉赫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Bachrach" class="extiw" title="en:Steven Bachrach">Steven Bachrach</a>）绘制<a href="#cite_note-Bachrach-25">[25]</a> 右图：相关的有机金属化合物 [(η5 –C 5(CH 3) 5)Zn(CH 3)]<a href="#cite_note-Cp*ZnMe-54">[54]</a></div></div></div></div> 對其評論指出“虽然我们被教导碳只能有四个朋友，但碳其實可以與四个以上的原子相關聯，这一点非常重要”，評論並補充指“從我們一般認為碳-碳键是雙電子鍵的想法出發，碳原子並不會形成六個鍵。”<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalSciNews-24">[24]</a>“這一切都是關於讓化學家為無奇不有而感到驚訝的挑戰和可能性。”<a href="#cite_note-PyramidalNewSci-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料">参考资料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考资料">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lonsdale-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lonsdale_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lonsdale_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a 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The molecular structure of monomeric methyl(cyclopentadienyl)zinc, (CH3)Zn(η-C5H5), determined by gas phase electron diffraction. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Organomet._Chem.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Organomet. Chem.（页面不存在）">J. Organomet. 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Organometallics 3rd. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. 2006: 59–85 [2021-08-29]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783527805143" title="Special:网络书源/9783527805143">ISBN 9783527805143</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_-OCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF&rft.atitle=Organometallic+Compounds+of+Groups+2+and+12&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.aulast=Elschenbroich&rft.btitle=Organometallics&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9783527805143&rft.pages=59-85&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_-OCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="烷烃_CnH2n_+_2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="烷烃">烷烃</a> CnH2n + 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">直链烷烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="乙烷">乙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%B7" title="丙烷">丙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%83%B7" title="丁烷">丁烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="戊烷">戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7" title="己烷">己烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E7%83%B7" title="庚烷">庚烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%B7" title="辛烷">辛烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AC%E7%83%B7" title="壬烷">壬烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B8%E7%83%B7" title="癸烷">癸烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="Template:烷烃">其它</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">支链烷烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%81%E7%83%B7" title="异丁烷">异丁烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="异戊烷">异戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="3-甲基戊烷">3-甲基戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="新戊烷">新戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="2-甲基戊烷">异己烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7" title="2-甲基己烷">异庚烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,2,4-%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="2,2,4-三甲基戊烷">异辛烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%B7" title="2-甲基辛烷">异壬烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E7%99%B8%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异癸烷（页面不存在）">异癸烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="环烷烃">环烷烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E4%B8%99%E7%83%B7" title="環丙烷">环丙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%83%B7" title="环丁烷">环丁烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="环戊烷">环戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7" title="环己烷">环己烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%BA%9A%E7%83%B7" title="环庚烷">环庚烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%B7" title="环辛烷">环辛烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A3%AC%E7%83%B7" title="环壬烷">环壬烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%99%B8%E7%83%B7" title="环癸烷">环癸烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="Template:环烷烃">其它</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="烷基环烷烃">烷基环烷烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%99%E7%83%B7" title="甲基环丙烷">甲基环丙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%83%B7" title="甲基环丁烷">甲基环丁烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E7%83%B7" title="甲基环戊烷">甲基环戊烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%92%B0%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7" title="甲基環己烷">甲基环己烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%99%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异丙基环己烷（页面不存在）">异丙基环己烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二环烷烃（页面不存在）">二环烷烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E7%83%B7" title="房烷">房烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E5%86%B0%E7%89%87%E7%83%B7" title="降冰片烷">降冰片烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%98%E7%83%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="萘烷">萘烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多环烷烃（页面不存在）">多环烷烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E7%83%B7" title="金刚烷">金刚烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钻石烷（页面不存在）">钻石烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲烷（页面不存在）">菲烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%BB%E5%9B%BA%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="类固烷（页面不存在）">类固烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%83%B7" title="立方烷">立方烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%B1%E6%9F%B1%E7%83%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="棱柱烷">棱柱烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%BD%93%E7%83%B7" title="正十二面体烷">正十二面体烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%83%B7" title="篮烷">篮烷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教堂烷（页面不存在）">教堂烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E5%A1%94%E7%83%B7" title="宝塔烷">宝塔烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AD%E6%9B%B2%E7%83%B7" title="扭曲烷">扭曲烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螺烷（页面不存在）">螺烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:azzurro;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%A5%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%83%83" title="不饱和烃">不饱和烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a> CnH2n</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">直链烯烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="乙烯">乙烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF" title="丙烯">丙烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF" title="丁烯">丁烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E7%83%AF" title="戊烯">戊烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%AF" title="己烯">己烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E7%83%AF" title="庚烯">庚烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%AF" title="辛烯">辛烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AC%E7%83%AF" title="壬烯">壬烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B8%E7%83%AF" title="癸烯">癸烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="Template:烯烃">其它</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">支链烯烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF" title="异丁烯">异丁烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E6%88%8A%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异戊烯（页面不存在）">异戊烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异己烯（页面不存在）">异己烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%BA%9A%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异庚烯（页面不存在）">异庚烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异辛烯（页面不存在）">异辛烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%A3%AC%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异壬烯（页面不存在）">异壬烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E7%99%B8%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异癸烯（页面不存在）">异癸烯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%94%E7%83%83" title="炔烃">炔烃</a> CnH2n − 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">直链炔烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%82%94" title="乙炔">乙炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%82%94" title="丙炔">丙炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94" title="丁炔">丁炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E7%82%94" title="戊炔">戊炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-%E5%B7%B1%E7%82%94" title="3-己炔">己炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E7%82%94" title="庚炔">庚炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%82%94" title="辛炔">辛炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AC%E7%82%94" title="壬炔">壬炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-%E7%99%B8%E7%82%94" title="1-癸炔">癸炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%82%94%E7%83%B4" title="Template:炔烴">其它</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8">支链炔烃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E6%88%8A%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异戊炔（页面不存在）">异戊炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%B7%B1%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异己炔（页面不存在）">异己炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%BA%9A%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异庚炔（页面不存在）">异庚炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E8%BE%9B%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异辛炔（页面不存在）">异辛炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E5%A3%AC%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异壬炔（页面不存在）">异壬炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E7%99%B8%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异癸炔（页面不存在）">异癸炔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="环烯烃">环烯烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF" title="环丙烯">环丙烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF" title="环丁烯">环丁烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E7%83%AF" title="环戊烯">环戊烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%AF" title="环己烯">环己烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%BA%9A%E7%83%AF" title="环庚烯">环庚烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%BE%9B%E7%83%AF" title="环辛烯">环辛烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A3%AC%E7%83%AF" title="环壬烯">环壬烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%99%B8%E7%83%AF" title="环癸烯">环癸烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="Template:环烯烃">其它</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烷基环烯烃（页面不存在）">烷基环烯烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Methylcyclopropene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Methylcyclopropene（页面不存在）">甲基环丙烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基环丁烯（页面不存在）">甲基环丁烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲基环戊烯（页面不存在）">甲基环戊烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%AF" title="甲基环己烯">甲基环己烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%99%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异丙基环己烯（页面不存在）">异丙基环己烯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%8E%AF%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二环烯烃（页面不存在）">二环烯烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E5%86%B0%E7%89%87%E7%83%AF" title="降冰片烯">降冰片烯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%82%94%E7%83%83" title="环炔烃">环炔烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%82%94%E7%83%83" title="环炔烃">环丙炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%81%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环丁炔（页面不存在）">环丁炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环戊炔（页面不存在）">环戊炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环己炔（页面不存在）">环己炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%BA%9A%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环庚炔（页面不存在）">环庚炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%BE%9B%E7%82%94" title="环辛炔">环辛炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A3%AC%E7%82%94" title="环壬炔">环壬炔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E7%99%B8%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环癸炔（页面不存在）">环癸炔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="二烯">二烯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="丙二烯">丙二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="丁二烯">丁二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="戊二烯">戊二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="己二烯（页面不存在）">己二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%9A%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庚二烯（页面不存在）">庚二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,7-%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="1,7-辛二烯">辛二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壬二烯（页面不存在）">壬二烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%B8%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="癸二烯（页面不存在）">癸二烯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三烯（页面不存在）">三烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二炔（页面不存在）">二炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AF%E7%A7%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="累积多烯烃">连多烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E8%BE%9B%E5%9B%9B%E7%83%AF" title="环辛四烯">环辛四烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%89%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环十二三烯（页面不存在）">环十二三烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AF%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烯炔（页面不存在）">烯炔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:azzurro;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E7%83%83" title="芳香烃">芳香烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%92%B0%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E7%83%B4" title="多環芳香烴">多环芳香烃</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E8%8B%AF" title="并苯">并苯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%98" title="萘">萘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%BD" title="蒽">蒽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%9B%9B%E8%8B%AF" title="并四苯">并四苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E4%BA%94%E8%8B%AF" title="并五苯">并五苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%85%AD%E8%8B%AF" title="并六苯">并六苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%83%E8%8B%AF" title="并七苯">并七苯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%81" title="薁">薁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B4" title="芴">芴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E7%83%AF" title="螺烯">螺烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E7%83%AF" title="圈烯">圈烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%90%AD%E7%83%AF" title="丁搭烯">丁搭烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2" title="菲">菲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%93%9B" title="䓛">䓛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%98" title="芘">芘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%97%E7%83%AF" title="碗烯">碗烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%BA%93%E5%8B%92%E7%83%AF" title="凯库勒烯">凯库勒烯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烷基苯（页面不存在）">烷基苯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="甲苯">甲苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="二甲苯">二甲苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E8%8B%AF" title="乙苯">乙苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%99%E8%8B%AF" title="异丙苯">异丙苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="苯乙烯">苯乙烯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="均三甲苯">均三甲苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="偏三甲苯">偏三甲苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E4%B8%89%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="邻三甲苯">邻三甲苯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%99%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="异丙基甲苯">异丙基甲苯</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">六甲苯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:8.5em;">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF" title="苯">苯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环丙烯基自由基（页面不存在）">环丙烯基自由基</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:azzurro;">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E7%83%AF" title="轮烯">轮烯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AE%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轮炔（页面不存在）">轮炔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E7%8E%AF%E6%97%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="脂环族化合物">脂环族化合物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E8%83%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石油胶（页面不存在）">石油胶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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