CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Boise, Idaho - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0fa0f44f-1ade-4cd3-ad05-bd7d9af25576","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Boise,_Idaho","wgTitle":"Boise, Idaho","wgCurRevisionId":1258831925,"wgRevisionId":1258831925,"wgArticleId":37357,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Phonos extension","Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with dead external links from August 2017","Articles with short description", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from January 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Use American English from January 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles to be expanded from September 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles containing French-language text","Pages with plain IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Ada County, Idaho","Boise, Idaho","Basque-American history","Boise metropolitan area","Cities in Idaho","County seats in Idaho","Populated places established in 1863","Cities in Ada County, Idaho","1863 establishments in Idaho Territory", "State capitals in the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Boise,_Idaho","wgRelevantArticleId":37357,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":43.615833333333335,"lon":-116.20166666666667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q35775","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/1200px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="869"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/800px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="579"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/640px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="463"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Boise, Idaho - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Boise_Idaho rootpage-Boise_Idaho skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boise%2C+Idaho" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boise%2C+Idaho" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boise%2C+Idaho" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boise%2C+Idaho" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribes_and_First_Contact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribes_and_First_Contact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tribes and First Contact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribes_and_First_Contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oregon_Trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon_Trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oregon Trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon_Trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_gold_and_silver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_gold_and_silver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Discovery of gold and silver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_gold_and_silver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incorporation_and_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incorporation_and_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Incorporation and growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incorporation_and_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>20th and 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods_and_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods_and_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Neighborhoods and areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods_and_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Downtown_Boise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downtown_Boise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Downtown Boise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downtown_Boise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boise_State_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boise_State_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Boise State University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boise_State_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_North_End" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_North_End"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>The North End</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_North_End-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boise_Highlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boise_Highlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Boise Highlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boise_Highlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southwest_Boise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southwest_Boise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Southwest Boise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southwest_Boise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northwest_Boise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Boise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Northwest Boise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Boise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warm_Springs_and_East_End" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warm_Springs_and_East_End"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Warm Springs and East End</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warm_Springs_and_East_End-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harris_Ranch_and_Riverland_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harris_Ranch_and_Riverland_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Harris Ranch and Riverland East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harris_Ranch_and_Riverland_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Boise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Boise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>Southeast Boise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Boise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boise_Bench" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boise_Bench"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.10</span> <span>Boise Bench</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boise_Bench-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Boise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Boise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.11</span> <span>West Boise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Boise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Top employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Major attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policing_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policing_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Policing and crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policing_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boise, Idaho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 126 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%9A" title="ቦይዚ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦይዚ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بويسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بويسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyse_(Aydaho)" title="Boyse (Aydaho) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Boyse (Aydaho)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بویزی، آیداهو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بویزی، آیداهو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF,_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B" title="বোইজি, আইডাহো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোইজি, আইডাহো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D" title="Бойсэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бойсэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D" title="Бойсэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бойсэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Бойзи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бойзи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%CA%BCiis_L%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%AD_T%C3%B3%C5%84l%C4%AF%CC%81" title="Tʼiis Ląʼí Tóńlį́ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tʼiis Ląʼí Tóńlį́" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B9_(%CE%86%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF)" title="Μπόισι (Άινταχο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπόισι (Άινταχο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88)" title="بویزی (آیداهو) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بویزی (آیداهو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A4%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%8A_(%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A4)" title="بؤیزي (آیداهؤ) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بؤیزي (آیداهؤ)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌱𐍉𐌾𐌶𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐍉𐌾𐌶𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="보이시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보이시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5" title="Բոյսե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոյսե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Бойсе (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бойсе (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="בויסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בויסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಾಯ್ಸಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಯ್ಸಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94" title="ბოისე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოისე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Бойсе – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бойсе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Aydawo)" title="Boise (Aydawo) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Boise (Aydawo)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE)" title="Бойсе (Айдахо) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бойсе (Айдахо)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylopolis" title="Xylopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xylopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boisisitija" title="Boisisitija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boisisitija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boisis" title="Boisis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Boisis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Бојси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бојси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B" title="ബോയിസ്, ഇഡാഹോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോയിസ്, ഇഡാഹോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B)" title="बॉइझी (आयडाहो) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बॉइझी (आयडाहो)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94" title="ბოისე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოისე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89" title="بويسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بويسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88)" title="بویزی (آیداهو) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بویزی (آیداهو)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80,_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B" title="बोइसी, आइदाहो – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोइसी, आइदाहो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7" title="ボイシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボイシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Бойсе (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бойсе (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C" title="बोइज – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बोइज" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B3%DB%92" title="بوئسے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوئسے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Бойсе (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бойсе (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="बाय्सी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बाय्सी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%BE%DB%86" title="بۆیزی، ئایداھۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆیزی، ئایداھۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Бојси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бојси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பொய்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொய்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Бойси – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бойси" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="บอยซี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บอยซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Бойсе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бойсе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2,_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88" title="بویز, ایڈاہو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بویز, ایڈاہو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise_(Idaho)" title="Boise (Idaho) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Boise (Idaho)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="博伊西 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博伊西" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="בויסי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בויסי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="波伊西 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波伊西" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Boise, Idaho" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois%C4%97" title="Boisė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Boisė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="博伊西 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博伊西" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boise" title="Boise – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Boise" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojse" title="Bojse – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bojse" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35775#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Boise,_Idaho" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Boise,_Idaho" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Boise,_Idaho" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&oldid=1258831925" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Boise%2C_Idaho&id=1258831925&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoise%2C_Idaho"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoise%2C_Idaho"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Boise%2C_Idaho&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boise" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35775" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boise,_Idaho&params=43_36_57_N_116_12_6_W_region:US-ID_type:city(235684)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°36′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°12′6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.61583°N 116.20167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.61583; -116.20167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and most populous city of Idaho, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Boise" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boise_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boise (disambiguation)">Boise (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Boise_County,_Idaho" title="Boise County, Idaho">Boise County, Idaho</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city in Idaho, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Boise, Idaho</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise,_Idaho_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/268px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/402px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg/536px-Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2607" data-file-height="1887" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boise" title="Downtown Boise">Downtown Boise</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Boise" title="List of tallest buildings in Boise">skyline</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg/132px-Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg/198px-Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg/264px-Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place_and_the_JR_Simplot_World_Headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jack%27s_Urban_Meeting_Place" title="Jack's Urban Meeting Place">Jack's Urban Meeting Place</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Zoo_(Julia_Davis_Park).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg/132px-Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg/198px-Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg/264px-Boise_Zoo_%28Julia_Davis_Park%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Zoo Boise at <a href="/wiki/Julia_Davis_Park" title="Julia Davis Park">Julia Davis Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg/140px-Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg/210px-Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg/280px-Idaho_Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial" title="Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial">Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg/124px-BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg/186px-BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg/248px-BSUvsFresnoSt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Albertsons_Stadium" title="Albertsons Stadium">Albertsons Stadium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG/268px-Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG/402px-Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG/536px-Idaho_Capitol_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Capitol" title="Idaho State Capitol">Idaho State Capitol</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Boise,_Idaho.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Boise, Idaho"><img alt="Flag of Boise, Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg/100px-Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg/150px-Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg/200px-Flag_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Boise,_Idaho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Boise, Idaho"><img alt="Official seal of Boise, Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png/100px-Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png/150px-Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png/200px-Seal_of_Boise%2C_Idaho.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Boise_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Boise, Idaho"><img alt="Official logo of Boise, Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/City_of_Boise_Logo.svg/100px-City_of_Boise_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/City_of_Boise_Logo.svg/150px-City_of_Boise_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/City_of_Boise_Logo.svg/200px-City_of_Boise_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="29" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The City of Trees</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Energy Peril Success</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Ada County in Idaho"><img alt="Location within Ada County in Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg/250px-Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg/375px-Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg/500px-Ada_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Boise_City_Highlighted_1608830.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="465" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within <a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boise is located in Idaho"><img alt="Boise is located in Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Idaho_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.462%;left:24.029%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boise"><img alt="Boise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Boise</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Idaho</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Boise is located in the United States"><img alt="Boise is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.682%;left:18.479%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Boise"><img alt="Boise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Boise</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Boise (the United States)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boise,_Idaho&params=43_36_57_N_116_12_6_W_region:US-ID_type:city(235684)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°36′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">116°12′6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.61583°N 116.20167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.61583; -116.20167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Idaho" title="List of counties in Idaho">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1863</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1864</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strong-mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong-mayor">Strong-mayor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Boise_City_Council" title="Boise City Council">Boise City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Boise">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lauren_McLean" title="Lauren McLean">Lauren McLean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Council President</th><td class="infobox-data">Colin Nash</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">85.00 sq mi (219.45 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">84.03 sq mi (216.96 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.97 sq mi (2.49 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,700 ft (823 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">235,684</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">U.S.: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">95th</a> ID: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,860.54/sq mi (1,055.28/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">433,180 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">94th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,111.2/sq mi (1,201.3/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">764,718 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">75th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Boisean</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%927" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−7">UTC−7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">83701-83709, 83711-83717, 83719-83720, 83722, 83724-83726, 83728-83729, 83732, 83735, 83756, 83799</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_208_and_986" title="Area codes 208 and 986">208, 986</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16-08830</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:400590">400590</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboise.org">www<wbr />.cityofboise<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boise</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/EN-US-Boise.ogg\/EN-US-Boise.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"EN-US-Boise.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/EN-US-Boise.ogg/EN-US-Boise.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:EN-US-Boise.ogg" title="File:EN-US-Boise.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BOY</span>-see</i></a>, also <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BOY</span>-zee</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-boiname_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boiname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada County</a>. As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 235,684 people residing in the city. On the <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Idaho" title="Southwestern Idaho">southwestern Idaho</a>, it is 41 miles (66 km) east of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> border and 110 miles (177 km) north of the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> border. The <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">downtown</a> area's <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> is 2,704 feet (824 m) <a href="/wiki/Sea_level#AMSL" title="Sea level">above sea level</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a>, includes five <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> with a combined population of 749,202, the most populous <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> in Idaho. It contains the state's three largest cities: Boise, <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise–Nampa Metropolitan Statistical Area</a> is the 77th most populous <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">metropolitan statistical area</a> in the United States. </p><p>Downtown Boise is the cultural center and home to many small businesses alongside a number of high-rise buildings. The area has a variety of shops and restaurants. Centrally, 8th Street contains a pedestrian zone with sidewalk cafes and restaurants. The neighborhood has many local restaurants, bars, and boutiques. The area also contains the Basque Block, which showcases Boise's <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a> heritage. Downtown Boise's main attractions include the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Capitol" title="Idaho State Capitol">Idaho State Capitol</a>, the classic <a href="/wiki/The_Egyptian_Theatre_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="The Egyptian Theatre (Boise, Idaho)">Egyptian Theatre</a> on the corner of Capitol Boulevard and Main Street, the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Art_Museum" title="Boise Art Museum">Boise Art Museum</a> on Capitol in front of <a href="/wiki/Julia_Davis_Park" title="Julia Davis Park">Julia Davis Park</a>, and Zoo Boise on the grounds of Julia Davis Park. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boise,_Idaho" title="Timeline of Boise, Idaho">Timeline of Boise, Idaho</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG/220px-Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG/330px-Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG/440px-Tubers_Float_the_Boise_River.JPG 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Floating the <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the name is uncertain. One account credits Capt. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bonneville" title="Benjamin Bonneville">B. L. E. Bonneville</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> as its source. After trekking for weeks through dry and rough <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a>, his exploration party reached an overlook with a view of the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Boise River Valley</a>. The place where they stood is called Bonneville Point, located on the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> east of the city. According to the story, a <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>-speaking guide, overwhelmed by the sight of the verdant river, yelled "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les bois! Les bois!</i></span>" ("The woods! The woods!")—and the name stuck. </p><p>The name may also derive from earlier <a href="/wiki/Mountain_man" title="Mountain man">mountain men</a> who named the river that flows through the city. In the 1820s, <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fur_trapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Fur trapping">fur trappers</a> associated with the British-owned <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> set trap lines in the vicinity. Set in a high-desert area, the tree-lined valley of the Boise River became a distinct landmark, an <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasis</a> dominated by <a href="/wiki/Populus_sect._Aigeiros" title="Populus sect. Aigeiros">cottonwood</a> trees. This led the French trappers to call the area "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">la rivière boisée</i></span>" ("the wooded river").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most local and longtime residents use the pronunciation <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈbɔɪsiː/</span> (BOY-see),<sup id="cite_ref-idaldpx_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idaldpx-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as given on the city's website.<sup id="cite_ref-boiname_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boiname-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pronunciation is sometimes used as a <a href="/wiki/Shibboleth" title="Shibboleth">shibboleth</a>, as those from elsewhere tend to pronounce the city's name as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈbɔɪziː/</span> (BOY-zee).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the name of the city is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈbwaz/</span> (Bwaz).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribes_and_First_Contact">Tribes and First Contact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tribes and First Contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of Boise valley was inhabited by Boise Valley <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> tribes, a part of the "<a href="/wiki/Snake_Indians" title="Snake Indians">Snake Country</a>". According to the City of Boise's "History of Boise" report, "they gathered annually in the valley to participate in trading rendezvous with other tribes and catch salmon in the Boise River runs to help sustain them year-round. They spent winters in the valley where the climate was milder and visited the hot springs for bathing and healing. Castle Rock, called Eagle Rock by the tribes, was and remains a sacred site."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise Valley <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> tribes belonged to the "tuuˀagaidɨkaˀa" (black trout eaters).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boise Valley <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> belonged to the "Yahandeka" (groundhog eaters) grouping. They were among the early mounted Shoshone bands. They traveled over a considerable range by the beginning of the nineteenth century, with their main hunting lands along the lower <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Payette_River" title="Payette River">Payette River</a>. When Donald MacKenzie developed the Snake country fur trade after 1818, the most prominent of the Boise Shoshone, Peiem (a Shoshoni rendition of "Big Jim", their leader's English name), became the most influential leader of the large composite Shoshoni band that white trappers regularly encountered in the <a href="/wiki/Snake_Indians" title="Snake Indians">Snake Country</a>. </p><p>In 1811, <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Price_Hunt" title="Wilson Price Hunt">Wilson Hunt</a>, employed as an agent in the fur trade under <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a>, organized and led the greater part of a group of about 60 men<sup id="cite_ref-bancroft_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bancroft-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on an overland expedition to establish a fur trading outpost at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bancroft_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bancroft-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-virginia_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expedition passed through the Boise valley, and was the first ever time a white American has entered the region.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> and the lack of U.S. fur trading posts in the Pacific Northwest, most of the route was not used in the following two decades, and thus Snake Country remained free of settler incursions. </p><p>After the conclusion of the war of 1812, up until the 1840s, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon</a>, while officially "jointly administered", was solely dominated by the British <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> (HBC), which had a land connection to the inland of the Canadian Prairies via <a href="/wiki/York_Factory_Express" title="York Factory Express">York Factory Express</a>. Snake Country, including Boise Valley remained independent and relatively free of settler passage and incursion. This was due to two main reasons. Firstly, the general region to the East of the Cascades and west of Rockies at the time, was described in the media and literature of Eastern US as the "<a href="/wiki/Great_American_Desert" title="Great American Desert">Great American Desert</a>", an arid unproductive region, unsuitable for habitation.<sup id="cite_ref-Meinig_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meinig-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the region of Boise itself was of no interest to settlers. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, on the other side of the Cascades, was however a desirable destination for settlers. Nevertheless, the British had an official policy of discouraging American settlers. Thus, settler incursions into Boise Valley along the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> remained low, until early 1840s. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">HBC</a> established a fort in the region, the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Boise#Old_Fort_Boise_(1834-54)" title="Fort Boise">Old Fort Boise</a>, 40 miles (64 km) west, near <a href="/wiki/Parma,_Idaho" title="Parma, Idaho">Parma</a>, down the <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a> near its <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Snake_River" title="Snake River">Snake River</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> border. They were present in the fort until 1844, handing the fort over to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> afterwards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oregon_Trail">Oregon Trail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oregon Trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting from early 1840s, developments further West, in modern Oregon, meant significant changes to the region of Boise. At this time, <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">HBC</a> and the British started moving their operations further North into <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, while there was a slow and steady rise in number of settlers in <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, who demanded annexation. These developments eventually culminated in <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a>, in which the British gave the region up to the US, thus ending the era of "Joint occupation". This meant that Boise valley and much of Snake Country was claimed as <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a>. </p><p>With the discovery of gold in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in 1848 and the passage of <a href="/wiki/Donation_Land_Claim_Act" title="Donation Land Claim Act">Donation Land Claim Act</a>, the settler incursions increased exponentially. The increased settler incursions through <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> territories, and their increased exploitation of the valley's game and resources on their trip, resulted in an increasing sense of frustration among the Indigenous bands along the entire <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>. Thus, starting from early 1850s, to deter settler caravans from using the route and trespassing on their lands, Native peoples along the entire length of the trail, from modern Eastern <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> to modern Central <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> started staging low intensity attacks against passing caravans.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schlicke_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlicke-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One such attack, referred to as "Ward Massacre", was in Boise Valley, about 20 Miles to the West of modern Boise. On August 20, 1854, Alexander Ward's five-wagon caravan of 20 emigrants was passing through, when a group of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> warriors ambushed the caravan. The goal of the ambush was initially to take away the horses of the caravan. However, shooting of one of the Shoshone warriors with a revolver, resulted in the killing of everyone except for two of Alexander Ward's children by the Shoshone warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-Dave_High_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dave_High-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/Winnas_Expedition" title="Winnas Expedition">Winnas Expedition</a>, which involved raids on Native encampments for a period of several months during Summer of 1855. In the period between 1846 and 1856, 700 white settlers were killed along the entire length of <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> due to attacks and raids by Native warriors on their caravans while intruding native land. American military intrusion and retaliation only further angered the native tribes and escalated the conflict, which forced the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> to abandon <a href="/wiki/Fort_Boise#Old_Fort_Boise_(1834-54)" title="Fort Boise">Old Fort Boise</a>. Intensified attacks against passing caravans made travel impossible for settlers except with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a> escort, which started from 1858. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_gold_and_silver">Discovery of gold and silver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discovery of gold and silver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The decline of the California gold rush prompted white settlers to search for gold elsewhere, including much of <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>. The 1860 discovery of gold in <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce" title="Nez Perce">Nez Perce</a> territory near <a href="/wiki/Pierce,_Idaho" title="Pierce, Idaho">Pierce, Idaho</a> and the resultant arrival of settlers raised tensions significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-KTVB_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTVB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September of that year, the <a href="/wiki/Utter_Party_Massacre" title="Utter Party Massacre">Utter Party Massacre</a> happened about 100 miles Southeast of Boise, where 29 out of a group of 44 settlers were either killed or captured in an intense and organized ambush. </p><p>The discovery of gold around the Boise valley in 1863, together with ongoing fighting prompted the US Military to establish a new Fort Boise, where Boise is located today. The new location was selected because it was near the intersection of the Oregon Trail with a major road connecting the Boise Basin (<a href="/wiki/Idaho_City,_Idaho" title="Idaho City, Idaho">Idaho City</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Owyhee_River" title="Owyhee River">Owyhee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_Idaho" title="Silver City, Idaho">Silver City</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> areas, both of which were booming. That year, the United States established <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a>, whose boundaries included this region. After a year, with the creation of <a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a>, Boise was made the territorial capital of a much reduced Idaho in a controversial decision which overturned a district court ruling by a one-vote majority in the territorial supreme court along geographic lines in 1866. There was no treaty and no agreement with any of the native tribes up to this point, and the violent resistance against incursion and settlement onto their territory along the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> and at the newly-found gold mines continued unabated. In order to resolve the matter of ownership and sovereignty over land, <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Lyon" title="Caleb Lyon">Caleb Lyon</a>, the second governor of Idaho, negotiated with the Boise Valley <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> Tribe, and concluded the "Treaty of Fort Boise" on October 10, 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treaty stipulated that the tribe will give up lands to 30 miles on each side of <a href="/wiki/Boise_River" title="Boise River">Boise River</a>, land upon which Boise is located, while allowing an equal right to fishing in the river to both the Shoshone and the settlers. The treaty has not been ratified by the US senate to this date, and the tribe hasn't ever received any treaty payments.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Backlash from the perceived friendliness of <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Lyon" title="Caleb Lyon">Caleb Lyon</a> in his dealing with the tribes led to an escalation of pressure and agitation among the White Settlers in Boise and the print media in the city, in demanding either genocide or removal of the tribes. Settler violence against Boise Valley native tribes increased considerably, with some going as far introducing bounties to murder any native.<sup id="cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idaho_powers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Statesman" title="Idaho Statesman">Idaho Statesman</a></i>, the daily newspaper of Boise, which started publishing in 1864, reflected many such incitements and demands: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...that the military should continue killing Indians 'until the last Indian in the Territories was either on his reservation or enriched the sagebrush with his decaying carcass.' ...if the Indians refused to move there, 'they will be killed or put on the reservation by force, and certainly shot if they don't stay there.' Furthermore, the editor continues, 'The idea that the Indians have any right to the soil is ridiculous. ...They have no more rights to the soil of the Territories of the United States than wolves or coyotes...'</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>David B. Madsen's quotation of the opinion column in <i>Idaho Statesman</i> on July 29, 1867, <sup id="cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idaho_powers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This would be our plan of establishing friendship upon an eternal basis with our Indians: Let all the hostile bands of Idaho Territory be called in (they will not be caught in any other manner) to attend a grand treaty; plenty of blankets and nice little trinkets distributed among them; plenty of grub on hand; have a real jolly time with them; then just before the big feast put strychnine in their meat and poison to death the last mother's son of them.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>A "Letter to the editor" that was printed in the <i>Idaho Statesman</i> newspaper on October 6, 1867, <sup id="cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idaho_powers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>At the same time, native warriors around the valley, under the leadership of Howluck also known as "Bigfoot" among white settlers, among others, waged an escalating and intensified guerrilla campaign of harassment of passerby caravans along the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> also escalated and intensified "punitive expeditions" against formations of warriors and against civilian communities as well. This marked the start of the "unofficial" <a href="/wiki/Snake_War" title="Snake War">Snake War</a> in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idaho_powers-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This war lasted until 1868, and is statistically the deadliest of the Indian Wars in the West in terms of casualties. In the end, 1,762 men were counted as the casualties of this war from both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1868, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Hall Indian Reservation">Fort Hall Indian Reservation</a> was established in Southeastern Idaho, about 220 miles upstream, according to the terms of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bridger_Treaty_Council_of_1868" title="Fort Bridger Treaty Council of 1868">Fort Bridger Treaty</a>. The Boise Valley <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> Tribes were not party to this treaty. Nevertheless, in April 1869, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Military">United States Military</a> embarked on a campaign of "Removal, rounding up of natives in the region including in and around Boise, and expelling them with cavalry escort to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Hall Indian Reservation">Fort Hall Indian Reservation</a>. This period is known among the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Shoshone" title="Northern Shoshone">Shoshone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bannock_people" title="Bannock people">Bannock</a> people as <b>Idaho's Trail of Tears</b>. Some of the natives managed to escape, and they ran to either <a href="/wiki/Duck_Valley_Indian_Reservation" title="Duck Valley Indian Reservation">Duck Valley</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fort_McDermitt_Paiute_and_Shoshone_Tribe" title="Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe">Fort McDermitt</a> in Nevada.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incorporation_and_growth">Incorporation and growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Incorporation and growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Street,_Looking_East,_Boise,_ID.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg/220px-Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg/330px-Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg/440px-Main_Street%2C_Looking_East%2C_Boise%2C_ID.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Main Street in 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>Boise's early growth was significantly driven by its role in supplying the nearby gold towns that sprung up in the 1860s northeast and then southwest of the town. Miners sometimes wintered in Boise and a number of early prominent businessmen were miners who settled in town in the years after the gold rush waned.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGregor2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1864 substantial agricultural production was underway on easily irrigated lands near the river and three canal companies had been incorporated.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early transportation improvements were largely a result of toll road franchises awarded by the territorial legislature starting in the 1860s. These first ran from Fort Boise to the mining centers in the Boise Basin and east to Rocky Bar and to Rattlesnake Station where they connected to the Oregon Trail.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Territorial census records from a special 1864 enumeration list the population of Boise as 1,658, and an act of December 12, 1864, was the first attempt by the Idaho Territorial Legislature to incorporate the city.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was rejected by voters the following March. Two more unsuccessful attempts were made to organize a city administration by election before the 1866 version of the city charter was approved by voters on January 6, 1868. The growing number of homes and businesses, for which owners wanted proper legal title, may have contributed to the eventual success of incorporation. All of these rejected efforts to incorporate the city came <i>after</i> Boise had been controversially made the state capital in 1864 over strong opposition from northern Idaho interests. This decision reflected the rapid shift of population growth from north to south after the discovery of gold in southern Idaho.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1868 Boise had over 400 permanent buildings with a wide range of commercial services. 1868 also marked the formal beginning of a long advocacy for railroad connections to other Idaho communities and, just as importantly, to other growing cities in the west such as Portland, Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells2000_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competing railroad and western state government interests frustrated these efforts for many years. </p><p>Designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_B._Mullett" title="Alfred B. Mullett">Alfred B. Mullett</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assay_Office_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="Assay Office (Boise, Idaho)">U.S. Assay Office</a> at 210 Main Street was built in 1871 and today is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It first began accepting gold and silver for purchase on March 2, 1872, largely eliminating the need to transport ore to the mint in San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells2000_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A territorial penitentiary, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Idaho_State_Penitentiary" title="Old Idaho State Penitentiary">Old Idaho State Penitentiary</a>, opened the same month several miles east of town.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells2000_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mining continued to be important to Boise's economic growth and periodic booms contributed to population growth as well, though production of gold and silver probably peaked in the 1860s. 1882's gold and silver production of $3,500,000 declined to $1,488,315 (including lead) by 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGregor2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise began to earn its <i>City of Trees</i> nickname in this period with a popular focus on a range of tree planting projects. Thomas J. Davis planted several thousand fruit trees in 1864 and several other early businessmen either founded nurseries or orchards of their own. In the 1870s tree planting began in earnest in downtown Boise led by prominent hotels as well as businessmen and residents. In 1907 Davis donated 43 acres of his orchard property to the city for use as a park in the name of his wife Julia.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial agriculture continued to expand, but was slowed by the lack of reliable rail links to regional and national markets and by a lack of large scale irrigation projects, which themselves were often tied to hoped-for railroad projects for financing. A.D. Foote, a successful mining engineer, drew up plans to irrigate up to 500,000 acres immediately south of Boise in 1882, but progress was halting and smaller farms were the norm until after the turn of the century with most located near to the river bottom where soil was productive and irrigation more easily achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells2000_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fruit orchards proliferated and sugar beets, still an important agricultural industry in Idaho, began to be widely cultivated in the 1890s. Cattle and sheep farming became increasingly important as the century closed. With the exception of dairy, most livestock products were exported from Idaho, unlike other agricultural products which were still largely scaled to support local markets. The timber industry also increasingly thrived in the Boise market in the 1880s and 1890s. Large quantities of timber were exported from elsewhere in Idaho, but a growing Boise supported the expansion of Alexander Rossi's sawmill, first established in 1865. Prominent early Boisean William Ridenbaugh had inherited control of the canal now bearing his name from his uncle William Morris in 1878 and later partnered with Rossi to expand the sawmill capacity under the name Rossi and Ridenbaugh Lumber Company. Their materials supported bridge building and the rapid expansion of Boise in the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGregor2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with many early infrastructure ventures, electrification succeeded only after at least one false start. July 4, 1887, marked the start of electrical transmission from a plant located on the Bench. William Ridenbaugh provided expertise and manpower for the water supply and several months were spent rigging poles and lines from the Bench to the service area across the river.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional electrical supplies allowed the building of an electric streetcar line in 1891. This ran without interruption until buses replaced the lines in 1927, tracking—and sometimes driving—the development of Boise and nearby communities. This system expanded over several decades, reaching into the North End, South Boise and across the river on Front St. A loop line, completed in 1912, ran as far as Caldwell and Nampa, providing transport throughout the valley. Three early trolley companies merged in 1912 to form the Idaho Traction Company with a depot at 7th and Bannock Streets downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional services and urban amenities arrived in the 1890s as Boise grew. Exploratory drilling for hot water was successful in 1890 and by the end of the decade many homes along Warm Springs avenue were being heated by this source.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A natatorium was built in 1892 close to the source of the hot water near the Idaho State Penitentiary. Churches serving several denominations, a Jewish synagogue, a major hardware store and department store, a Masonic hall, the Columbia Theater, Saint Alphonsus' Hospital, a number of parochial and secular schools, a City Hall and a new Union Pacific passenger station, constructed when service was finally extended to downtown, were all built during the 1890s. Falk's Department Store sponsored a semi-professional baseball team representing Boise from at least 1892 and the city supported other organized sports as they became popular.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells2000_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 12th Census of the United States lists the population of Boise in 1900 as 5,957, up from 2,311 in 1890, when Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_centuries">20th and 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th and 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Idaho_-_Boise_through_Boise_River_-_NARA_-_23939399_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>View of Boise, 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1925, with the construction of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-<a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a> railway line, <a href="/wiki/Boise_Union_Pacific_Depot" title="Boise Union Pacific Depot">Boise Union Pacific Depot</a> was established in the city. This train station served passengers until 1997. </p><p>A "homosexual panic" erupted in the city in 1955 during the <a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">lavender scare</a>. Police interrogated hundreds of Boise citizens, arresting sixteen men whom police believed were part of a "homosexual ring." Arrests included prominent citizens, including a bank vice president. Their trials, which received sensational coverage in the local press, resulted in lengthy prison sentences; one man was sentenced to life in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the city council approved the renaming of a park and natural preserve to names in the <a href="/wiki/Shoshoni_language" title="Shoshoni language">Shoshoni language</a> to recognize their significance to local indigenous peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_by_Sentinel-2,_2021-08-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg/220px-Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg/330px-Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg/440px-Boise_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-08-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6948" data-file-height="5400" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of Boise and surrounding area in 2021, taken from ESA Sentinel-2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg/220px-Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg/330px-Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg/440px-Ann_Morrison_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Ann Morrison Park in spring</figcaption></figure> <p>Boise is in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Idaho" title="Southwestern Idaho">southwestern Idaho</a>, about 41 miles (66 km) east of the Oregon border and 110 miles (177 km) north of the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> border. The <a href="/wiki/Downtown" title="Downtown">downtown</a> area's <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> is 2,704 feet (824 m) <a href="/wiki/Sea_level#AMSL" title="Sea level">above sea level</a>. </p><p>Most of the metropolitan area lies on a broad, flat plain, descending to the west. Mountains rise to the northeast, stretching from the far southeastern tip of the Boise city limits to nearby <a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho">Eagle</a>. These mountains are known to locals as the Boise foothills and are sometimes described as the <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>. About 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Boise, and about 26 miles (42 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Owyhee_Mountains" title="Owyhee Mountains">Owyhee Mountains</a> lie entirely in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Owyhee_County,_Idaho" title="Owyhee County, Idaho">Owyhee County</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has an area of 80.05 square miles (207.33 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 79.36 square miles (205.54 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.69 square miles (1.79 km<sup>2</sup>) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is drained by the Boise River and is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods_and_areas">Neighborhoods and areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods and areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boise occupies an area of 64 sq mi (170 km<sup>2</sup>), according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Neighborhoods of Boise include the Bench, the North End, West Boise and Downtown. In January 2014, the Boise Police Department (BPD) partnered with the neighborhood blogging site <a href="/wiki/Nextdoor" title="Nextdoor">Nextdoor</a>, the first city in the Northwest and the 137th city in the U.S. to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the app, which enables the city's police, fire, and parks departments to post to self-selected, highly localized areas, first became available in October 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 101 neighborhoods and sections of neighborhoods have joined.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downtown_Boise">Downtown Boise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Downtown Boise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boise" title="Downtown Boise">Downtown Boise</a></div> <p>Downtown Boise is Boise's cultural center and home to many small businesses as well as a growing number of high-rises. While downtown Boise lacks a major retail/dining focus like Seattle and Portland, the area has a variety of shops and growing option for dining choices. Centrally, 8th Street contains a pedestrian zone with sidewalk cafes and restaurants. The neighborhood has many local restaurants, bars, and boutiques and supports a vibrant nightlife. The area contains the Basque Block, which gives visitors a chance to learn about and enjoy Boise's Basque heritage. Downtown Boise's main attractions include the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Capitol" title="Idaho State Capitol">Idaho State Capitol</a>, the classic <a href="/wiki/The_Egyptian_Theatre_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="The Egyptian Theatre (Boise, Idaho)">Egyptian Theatre</a> on the corner of Capitol Boulevard and Main Street, the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Art_Museum" title="Boise Art Museum">Boise Art Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Capitol in front of <a href="/wiki/Julia_Davis_Park" title="Julia Davis Park">Julia Davis Park</a>, and Zoo Boise on the grounds of Julia Davis Park.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise's economy was threatened in the late 1990s by commercial development at locations away from the downtown center, such as <a href="/wiki/Boise_Towne_Square_Mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise Towne Square Mall">Boise Towne Square Mall</a> and at shopping centers near new housing developments.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cultural events in Downtown Boise include Alive after Five<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and First Thursday.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boise_State_University">Boise State University</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Boise State University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To the south of downtown Boise is <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a> and its surrounding environs. The area is dominated by residential neighborhoods and businesses catering to the student population. The unique blue playing field at the 37,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Albertsons_Stadium" title="Albertsons Stadium">Albertsons Stadium</a> on the BSU campus, home to the <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos_football" title="Boise State Broncos football">Boise State Broncos football</a> team, is a major city landmark. The campus is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Victor_(sculptor)" title="Benjamin Victor (sculptor)">Benjamin Victor</a> Gallery and Studio.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cultural and sports centers in the area include the Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts and <a href="/wiki/ExtraMile_Arena" title="ExtraMile Arena">ExtraMile Arena</a>. Broadway Avenue to the east and south of the BSU campus features many college-themed bars and restaurants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_North_End">The North End</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The North End"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg/220px-Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg/330px-Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg/440px-Hyde_Park_Boise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Hyde Park</figcaption></figure> <p>The North End, generally defined as the part of Boise north of State Street, contains many of the city's older homes.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known for its tree-lined drives such as Harrison Boulevard, and for its quiet neighborhoods near the downtown area. Downtown Boise is visible from <a href="/wiki/Camel%27s_Back_Park" title="Camel's Back Park">Camel's Back Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityofboise1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13th Street, <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Boise,_Idaho" title="Hyde Park, Boise, Idaho">Hyde Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is home to restaurants and other businesses. The North End also hosts events such as the annual Hyde Park Street Fair. In 2008, the American Planning Association designated Boise's North End one of 10 Great Neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boise_Highlands">Boise Highlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Boise Highlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Boise Highlands is just north of the North End; its location is generally defined as north of Hill Road and east of Bogus Basin Road. Annexed by the city in late 1965,<sup id="cite_ref-ltsanxx_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ltsanxx-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the neighborhood is mostly filled with homes constructed in the 1970s, as well as the golf course of Crane Creek Country Club. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southwest_Boise">Southwest Boise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Southwest Boise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southwest Boise contains sparsely populated neighborhoods built from the 1960s to the early 1980s. Many include acre-sized plots and the occasional farmhouse and pasture. In the 1980s, growth in the area was stunted to prevent <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. Since this has been lifted, there has been widespread growth of new homes and neighborhoods. The area lies near Interstate 84, and features, the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a>, theaters, shopping, golf and the Boise Bench area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northwest_Boise">Northwest Boise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Northwest Boise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Northwest Boise lies against the Boise Foothills to the north, State Street to the south, the city of <a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho">Eagle</a> to the west, and downtown Boise to the east. It contains a mix of old and new neighborhoods, including Lakeharbor, which features the private Silver Lake, a reclaimed quarry. Northwest Boise has some pockets of older homes with a similar aesthetic to the North End. Downtown is minutes away, as is Veteran's Memorial Park<sup id="cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityofboise1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and easy access to the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Greenbelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise Greenbelt">Boise Greenbelt</a>. Across the river sits the Boise Bench and to the west are the bedroom communities of Eagle, <a href="/wiki/Star,_Idaho" title="Star, Idaho">Star</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Idaho" title="Middleton, Idaho">Middleton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Warm_Springs_and_East_End">Warm Springs and East End</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Warm Springs and East End"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warm Springs is centered on the tree-lined Warm Springs Avenue and contains some of Boise's largest and most expensive homes (many of which were erected by wealthy miners and businessmen around the turn of the 20th century; Victorian styles feature prominently). The area gets its name from the natural hot springs that flow from Boise's fault line and warm many of the area's homes. The Natotorium public swim center is here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Harris_Ranch_and_Riverland_East">Harris Ranch and Riverland East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Harris Ranch and Riverland East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The far-east end of Warm Springs was once known as Barber Town, featuring a hotel with hot springs nestled into the foothills. It now has some new residential developments, with easy access to Highway 21, which leads to the south-central Idaho mountains, the Boise River, the Boise Foothills, Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Idaho Shakespeare Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast_Boise">Southeast Boise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Southeast Boise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg/220px-LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg/330px-LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg/440px-LibraryExclamationPointAtBownCrossing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption>The newest<sup id="cite_ref-Boise's_Newest_Library_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boise's_Newest_Library-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Boise_Public_Library" title="Boise Public Library">Boise Public Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Story_behind_Library!_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Story_behind_Library!-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> branch at Bown Crossing</figcaption></figure> <p>Southeast Boise ranges from Boise State University to Micron Technology between Federal Way and the Boise River. Its oldest neighborhood, Original South Boise, was platted in 1890, and accordingly has variegated housing (assiduously maintained by <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a>); it consists of 33 blocks bordered by W Beacon Street, S Boise Avenue, and S Broadway Avenue, and hence is a triangular neighborhood immediately adjoining BSU.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of Southeast Boise was developed over the decades, largely by a variety of <a href="/wiki/Suburbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbia">suburban</a>-style homes. </p><p>Columbia Village subdivision and the older Oregon Trail Heights were the first major planned communities in Southeast Boise with an elementary and middle school all within walking distance from all homes. The subdivision is at the intersections of Interstate 84, Idaho 21, and Federal Way (former U.S. Highway), which are all major arteries to get anywhere in Boise. The subdivision, a baseball complex, and swimming pools were developed around the Simplot Sports complex. The fields are built over an old landfill and dump, and the fields and gravel parking lot allow radon gases to escape through the ground. The most recent planned community is the 35-acre (14 ha) Bown Crossing, which has easy access to the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Greenbelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise Greenbelt">Boise Greenbelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bown_Crossing_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bown_Crossing-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 25, 2008, at about 7:00 pm, a fire started near Amity and Holcomb during a major windstorm. It destroyed ten houses and damaged nine. One person died in the fire.<sup id="cite_ref-NWCN_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWCN-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boise_Bench">Boise Bench</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Boise Bench"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bench, generally bounded by Federal Way to the east, Cole Road to the west and <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Idaho" title="Garden City, Idaho">Garden City</a> to the north, sits on an elevation approximately 60 feet (18 m) higher than downtown Boise to its northeast. Orchard Street is a major north–south thoroughfare in the neighborhood. The Bench is so named because of this sudden rise, giving the appearance of a step, or bench. The Bench (or Benches, there are three actual benches in the Boise Valley) was created as an ancient shoreline to the old river channel. The Bench is home to the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Union_Pacific_Depot" title="Boise Union Pacific Depot">Boise Union Pacific Depot</a>. Like the North End, the Bench has older residential areas such as the Central Rim, Morris Hill, and Depot Bench neighborhoods. Due south of the Bench is the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Boise">West Boise</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: West Boise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>West Boise is home to Boise Towne Square Mall, the largest in the state, as well as many restaurants, strip malls, and residential developments ranging from new subdivisions to apartment complexes. The Ada County jail and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>'s printing division are also here. It is relatively the flattest section of Boise, with sweeping views of the Boise Front. West Boise also borders the city of <a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boise from the Aspen Condos and Lofts"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg/900px-Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg/1350px-Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg/1800px-Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8194" data-file-height="2440" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Downtown_Panoramic.jpg" title="File:Boise Downtown Panoramic.jpg"> </a></div>Boise from the Aspen Condos and Lofts</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downtown Boise as seen from the Boise Bench"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg/900px-June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg/1350px-June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg/1800px-June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7993" data-file-height="1765" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:June_2013_boise_downtown_panorama.jpg" title="File:June 2013 boise downtown panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Downtown Boise as seen from the Boise Bench</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> Boise, Idaho </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.71628em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.2733333333333em;height:1.4777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7511111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.7733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.508em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6622222222222em;height:1.8888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5511111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.67564em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.3177777777778em;height:2.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.606666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">56</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.8177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.62484em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.84em;height:2.5222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.362222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">62</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.34em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.7366em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.7177777777778em;height:2.7555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.473333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.2177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.381em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.451111111111em;height:3.0333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.484444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">81</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.10668em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.317777777778em;height:3.4222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.74em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">93</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">62</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.08636em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.195555555556em;height:3.3222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.517777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.21844em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.284444444444em;height:3.0444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.328888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">80</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">53</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.41148em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.0511111111111em;height:2.5888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.64em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">65</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">42</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59944em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.9622222222222em;height:1.9em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">49</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.4622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.78232em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.2622222222222em;height:1.4888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7511111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.7622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.71628em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">36</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.2733333333333em;height:1.4777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.7733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.508em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">25</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6622222222222em;height:1.8888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.67564em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">34</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.3177777777778em;height:2.2888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.606666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.8177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.62484em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">31</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.84em;height:2.5222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.362222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.34em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.7366em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">37</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.7177777777778em;height:2.7555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.473333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.2177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.381em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">19</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.451111111111em;height:3.0333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.484444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.10668em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">5.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.317777777778em;height:3.4222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.74em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.08636em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">4.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.195555555556em;height:3.3222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.517777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.21844em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">11</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.284444444444em;height:3.0444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.328888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.41148em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">21</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.0511111111111em;height:2.5888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.64em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.59944em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">30</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.9622222222222em;height:1.9em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.4622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">0</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.78232em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">39</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.2622222222222em;height:1.4888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.7622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">−4</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Boise has a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">BSk</a></i>), with four distinct <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">seasons</a>. Boise experiences hot and dry summers with highs reaching 100 °F (38 °C) nine days in a typical year and 90 °F (32 °C) on 55 days.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet because of the aridity, average <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">diurnal temperature variation</a> exceeds 30 °F (17 °C) in the height of summer. <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winters</a> are moderately cold, with a December average of 32.1 °F (0.1 °C), and lows falling to 0 °F (−18 °C) or below on around one night per year, with some winters having several such readings and most having none at all.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowfall averages 18 inches (46 cm), but typically falls in bouts of 3 inches (8 cm) or less.<sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">fall</a> are mild. Extremes have ranged from −28 °F (−33 °C) on January 16, 1888, to 111 °F (44 °C) on July 12, 1898, and July 19, 1960;<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> temperatures have reached −25 °F (−32 °C) and 110 °F (43 °C) as recently as December 22, 1990, and August 10, 2018, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a> is usually infrequent and light, especially so during the summer months. It averages approximately 12 inches (30 cm) annually. </p><p>Tornadoes are rare in Ada County and the Boise area. Since 1950, only twelve tornadoes have been documented within the county, and four of those were during the same storm on August 3, 2000, which is also the most recent date a tornado was documented in the area. None of the tornadoes have been ranked higher than an F1 on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a>, and no injuries or fatalities were ever documented.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a>, Idaho (1991–2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1875–present<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71<br />(22) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">111<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">111<br />(44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(11.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.1<br />(32.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.3<br />(36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104.5<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102.2<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.9<br />(35.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(12.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105.2<br />(40.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0<br />(7.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3<br />(16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.3<br />(22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.4<br />(27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7<br />(32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.0<br />(26.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8<br />(18.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.8<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.3<br />(17.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(10.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9<br />(15.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.3<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.2<br />(11.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1<br />(12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9<br />(16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(11.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(−3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.0<br />(5.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(−12.2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(−9.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(−5.1) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(−2.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4<br />(10.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(−3.0) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(−8.1) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.1<br />(−14.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28<br />(−33) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15<br />(−26) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(−15) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(−6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(−23) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25<br />(−32) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−28<br />(−33) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.41<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.00<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.33<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.23<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.45<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.75<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.21<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.17<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.43<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.81<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.18<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.54<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.51<br />(292) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">89.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.9 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.5 </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.3 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.7 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.7 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.1 </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(−5.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(−2.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(−1.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2<br />(6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(−5.3) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.5<br />(0.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B1B17D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.3 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.9 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">281.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">335.5 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">351.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">399.8 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">358.8 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.1 </td> <td style="background: #B7B756; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.6 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.2 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,993.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAAsun_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Boise,_Idaho.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Boise, Idaho.tab">raw graph data</a>.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>995</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,899</td><td></td><td>90.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>2,311</td><td></td><td>21.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>5,957</td><td></td><td>157.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>17,358</td><td></td><td>191.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>21,393</td><td></td><td>23.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>21,544</td><td></td><td>0.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>26,130</td><td></td><td>21.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>34,393</td><td></td><td>31.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>34,481</td><td></td><td>0.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>74,990</td><td></td><td>117.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>102,249</td><td></td><td>36.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>125,738</td><td></td><td>23.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>185,787</td><td></td><td>47.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>205,671</td><td></td><td>10.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>235,684</td><td></td><td>14.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a> counted 235,684 people, 97,456 households, and 56,662 families in Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population density was 2,804.7 per square mile (1,082.9/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 102,295 housing units at an average density of 1,217.3 units per square mile (470.0 units/km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The racial makeup was 81.24% (191,462) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">white</a> or <a href="/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European American</a> (78.85% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic White">non-Hispanic white</a>), 2.27% (5,345) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">black</a> or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African-American</a>, 0.7% (1,639) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a>, 3.58% (8,429) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.29% (693) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a> or <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a>, 3.45% (8,133) from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 8.48% (19,983) from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> residents of any race were 9.03% (21,276) of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 97,456 households, 26.2% had children under the age of 18; 43.7% were married couples living together; 27.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 30.2% of households consisted of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.0.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 29.9% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.9 males.<sup id="cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 104.2 males.<sup id="cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Boise, Idaho – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>167,022 </td> <td>175,310 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">185,838 </td> <td>89.90% </td> <td>85.24% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">78.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,363 </td> <td>2,901 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,142 </td> <td>0.73% </td> <td>1.41% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,147 </td> <td>1,107 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,145 </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td>0.54% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,812 </td> <td>6,398 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">8,293 </td> <td>2.05% </td> <td>3.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>281 </td> <td>432 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">640 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>239 </td> <td>309 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,331 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>3,513 </td> <td>4,608 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">12,019 </td> <td>1.89% </td> <td>2.24% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>8,410 </td> <td>14,606 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">21,276 </td> <td>4.53% </td> <td>7.10% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>185,787</b> </td> <td><b>205,671</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>235,684</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, there were 205,671 people, 85,704 households, and 50,647 families residing in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 2,591.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,000.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 92,700 housing units at an average density of 1,168.1 units per square mile (451.0 units/km<sup>2</sup>). The city's racial makeup was 89.0% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 3.2% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 2.5% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>, and 3.0% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> people of any race were 7.1% of the population. </p><p>There were 85,704 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44% were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 10% had a woman householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a man householder with no wife present, and 41% were non-families. 31% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3. </p><p>The median age in the city was 35. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 11% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The city's gender makeup was 49% men and 51% women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boise is the headquarters for several major companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Boise_Cascade" title="Boise Cascade">Boise Cascade LLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albertsons" title="Albertsons">Albertsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/J.R._Simplot_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R. Simplot Company">J.R. Simplot Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamb_Weston" title="Lamb Weston">Lamb Weston</a>, Idaho Pacific Lumber Company, Idaho Timber, <a href="/wiki/WinCo_Foods" title="WinCo Foods">WinCo Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding.com" title="Bodybuilding.com">Bodybuilding.com</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Analytics" title="Clearwater Analytics">Clearwater Analytics</a>. Other major industries are headquartered in Boise or have large manufacturing facilities present. The state government is one of the city's largest employers. </p><p>The area's largest private, locally based, publicly traded employer is <a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include <a href="/wiki/IDACORP" class="mw-redirect" title="IDACORP">IDACORP, Inc.</a>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Power" title="Idaho Power">Idaho Power</a>, Idaho Bancorp, Boise, Inc., American Ecology Corp., and PCS Edventures.com Inc. </p><p>Technology investment and the high-tech industry have become increasingly important to the city, with businesses including Hewlett-Packard, <a href="/wiki/Cradlepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Cradlepoint">Cradlepoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthwise" title="Healthwise">Healthwise</a>, Bodybuilding.com, <a href="/wiki/ClickBank" title="ClickBank">ClickBank</a>, Crucial.com, and <a href="/wiki/MarkMonitor" class="mw-redirect" title="MarkMonitor">MarkMonitor</a>. The call center industry is also a major source of employment. There are over 20 call centers in the city employing more than 7,000 people, including WDSGlobal, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teleperformance" title="Teleperformance">Teleperformance</a>, <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>, Taos, and <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Varney_Air_Lines" title="Varney Air Lines">Varney Air Lines</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Varney" title="Walter Varney">Walter Varney</a> in 1926, was formed in Boise, though headquartered at Pasco, Washington due to its more attractive prospects and increased economic support in Washington. The original airmail contract was from Pasco to Elko, Nevada, with stops in Boise in both directions. Varney Air Lines is the original predecessor company of present-day <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, which still serves the city at the newly renovated and upgraded Boise Airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_employers">Top employers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Top employers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the City of Boise 2023 Annual Comprehensive Report,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the top private employers in the city are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Employer </th> <th># of Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Boise_Medical_Center" title="St. Luke's Boise Medical Center">St. Luke's Health Systems</a> </td> <td>6,000-6,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron Technology</a> </td> <td>5,000–5,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center </td> <td>5,000–5,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Ada_School_District" title="West Ada School District">West Ada School District</a> </td> <td>4,000-4,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a> </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albertsons" title="Albertsons">Albertsons Inc.</a> </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Department_of_Health_and_Welfare" title="Idaho Department of Health and Welfare">Idaho Department of Health and Welfare</a> </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of Boise </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simplot" title="Simplot">J.R. Simplot Company</a> </td> <td>3,000-3,999 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note: this list only includes companies who have given the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Department_of_Labor" title="Idaho Department of Labor">Idaho Department of Labor</a> permission to release their employment numbers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Art_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Boise_Art_Museum.JPG/220px-Boise_Art_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Boise_Art_Museum.JPG/330px-Boise_Art_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Boise_Art_Museum.JPG/440px-Boise_Art_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Boise Art Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg/220px-Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg/330px-Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg/440px-Historical_Home_on_Boise%27s_Basque_Block.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Historical Home on Boise's Basque Block</figcaption></figure> <p>Boise is a regional hub for jazz, theater, and <a href="/wiki/Indie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie music">indie music</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gene_Harris" title="Gene Harris">Gene Harris</a> Jazz Festival is hosted in Boise each spring. Several theater groups operate in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Idaho Shakespeare Festival">Idaho Shakespeare Festival</a>, Boise Little Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Boise_Contemporary_Theater" title="Boise Contemporary Theater">Boise Contemporary Theater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ComedySportz" title="ComedySportz">ComedySportz</a> Boise, amongst others. The <a href="/wiki/Treefort_Music_Fest" title="Treefort Music Fest">Treefort Music Fest</a> in late March features emerging bands, as well as many other artistic endeavors,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has perforce "morphed from quirky music festival to consuming community event,"<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the HomeGrown Theatre is notable for continuing the <a href="/wiki/Avant_garde" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant garde">avant garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">puppetry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Millennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennial">millennials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_21st-century_puppetry_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_21st-century_puppetry-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Millennial_Avant_Garde_Puppetry_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millennial_Avant_Garde_Puppetry-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The renovated <a href="/wiki/The_Egyptian_Theatre_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="The Egyptian Theatre (Boise, Idaho)">Egyptian Theatre</a> hosts national and regional music acts, comedians, and special film screenings. </p><p>Idaho's ethnic <a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a> community is one of the largest in the United States, on the order of nearly 7,000 people in 2000, many of whom live in Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large Basque festival known as Jaialdi is held once every five years (next in 2025). Downtown Boise features a vibrant section known as the "Basque Block". <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Boise">Boise's former mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Bieter" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Bieter">David H. Bieter</a>, is of Basque descent. Boise is also a sister region of the Basque communities. </p><p>Boise is home to several museums, including the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Art_Museum" title="Boise Art Museum">Boise Art Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Idaho Historical Museum, the <a href="/wiki/The_Basque_Museum_and_Cultural_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Basque Museum and Cultural Center">Basque Museum and Cultural Center</a>, Idaho Black History Museum, Boise WaterShed and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discovery_Center_of_Idaho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discovery Center of Idaho (page does not exist)">Discovery Center of Idaho</a>. On the first Thursday of each month, a gallery stroll known as First Thursday is hosted in the city's core business district by the Downtown Boise Association. </p><p>Boise also has a thriving performing arts community. The Boise Philharmonic,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now in its 49th season, under the leadership of music director and Conductor Eric Garcia continues to grow musically, and introduces excellent guest artists and composers year after year. The dance community is represented by the resurgent Ballet Idaho<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under artistic director Peter Anastos, and the nationally known and critically acclaimed<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trey McIntyre Project<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also make their home in Boise. All of these perform at the Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the Boise State University campus. The Morrison Center also hosts local and national fine arts performances. Rounding out the classical performing arts is Opera Idaho,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the direction of Mark Junkert, which brings grand Opera to various venues throughout the Treasure Valley. </p><p>The Boise City Department of Arts and History was created in 2008 with the goal of promoting the arts, culture, and history of the city among its residents and visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1978 Boise had a public arts commission like many cities to promote public art and education. The Arts Commission provided expert advice on public art installations to the city and private groups, as well as to develop many educational programs within the city promoting the arts. In 2008 the city and the Arts Commission made the decision to introduce history into the scope of the art commission and rename this new commission the Boise City Department of Arts and History.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Boise City Department of Arts and History oversees several ongoing projects and programs related to art, culture, and history, and a number of short-term projects at any given time. Ongoing projects include maintenance of a public art collection valued at over $3 million,<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creation and maintenance of city historical and art walks and tours,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maintenance of a city historical research collection,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> artists in residence,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Fettuccine Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG/220px-Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG/330px-Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG/440px-Idaho_Historical_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Historical_Society" title="Idaho State Historical Society">Idaho Historical Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to a 2012 study performed by Americans for the Arts, arts, both public and private, in Boise is a forty-eight million dollar per year industry.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same study also cited the arts in and around Boise as a supplier of jobs for about 1600 people and producer of roughly $4.4 million in revenue to state and local government. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boise_Centre_on_the_Grove" class="mw-redirect" title="Boise Centre on the Grove">Boise Centre on the Grove</a> is an 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m<sup>2</sup>) convention center that hosts a variety of events, including international, national, and regional conventions, conferences, banquets, and consumer shows. It is in the heart of downtown Boise and borders the Grove Plaza, which hosts many outdoor functions throughout the year including the New Year's Eve celebration, the Idaho Potato Drop<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hosted by the Idaho New Year's Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Morrison-Knudsen Nature Center, located next to Municipal Park, features a streamwalk with wildlife experiences just east of downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityofboise1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise has diverse and vibrant religious communities. The Jewish community is served by two synagogues: the <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> Jewish Center, and the reform <a href="/wiki/Ahavath_Beth_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahavath Beth Israel">Ahavath Beth Israel</a> Temple (completed 1896, is the nation's oldest continually used temple west of the Mississippi). <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> dedicated <a href="/wiki/Boise_Idaho_Temple" title="Boise Idaho Temple">a temple</a> there in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-ntset_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntset-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a> Church in Boise, The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boise,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was built in 1898, with a new Church building built in 1989. The Boise Church is a branch of The Mother Church, <a href="/wiki/The_First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist" title="The First Church of Christ, Scientist">The First Church of Christ, Scientist</a>, in Boston, MA. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Boise" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Boise">Diocese of Boise</a> includes the entire state and is seated at <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Evangelist_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Boise, Idaho)">St. John's Cathedral</a>, completed in 1921. The <a href="/wiki/Boise_Hare_Krishna_Temple" title="Boise Hare Krishna Temple">Boise Hare Krishna Temple</a> opened in August 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Vietnamese Linh Tuu-temple<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened in 2016. </p><p>Boise (along with Valley and Boise Counties) hosted the <a href="/wiki/2009_Special_Olympics_World_Winter_Games" title="2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games">2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games</a>. More than 2,500 athletes from over 85 countries participated.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, <a href="/wiki/John_Waters_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Waters (filmmaker)">John Waters</a> set the final scene of his film <i><a href="/wiki/Pink_Flamingos" title="Pink Flamingos">Pink Flamingos</a></i> in Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1995 independent film <a href="/wiki/Not_This_Part_of_the_World" title="Not This Part of the World">Not This Part of the World</a> was filmed in Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> is <a href="/wiki/Guernica" title="Guernica">Gernika</a>, Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Sister_Cities_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sister_Cities-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_attractions">Major attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Major attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boise_Capitol.jpg/170px-Boise_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boise_Capitol.jpg/255px-Boise_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Boise_Capitol.jpg/340px-Boise_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Capitol in July</figcaption></figure> <p>Boise offers numerous recreational opportunities, including extensive hiking and biking in the foothills to the immediate north of downtown. Much of this trail network is part of Hull's Gulch and can be accessed by 8th street. An extensive urban trail system called the <a href="/wiki/Boise_greenbelt" title="Boise greenbelt">Boise River Greenbelt</a> runs along the river and through Pierce Park. The Boise River is a common destination for fishing, swimming and rafting.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Julia Davis Park is <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoo Boise">Zoo Boise</a>, which has over 200 animals representing over 80 species from around the world. An Africa exhibit, completed in 2008, is the most recent addition.<sup id="cite_ref-Boise_Zoo_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boise_Zoo-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Aquarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Aquarium">Aquarium of Boise</a>, a hands-on facility that houses over 250 species of animals and marine life.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bogus_Basin" title="Bogus Basin">Bogus Basin</a> <a href="/wiki/Ski_area" title="Ski area">ski area</a> opened in 1942 and hosts multiple winter activities, primarily <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snow_tubing" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow tubing">snow tubing</a>. "Bogus" is 16 mi (26 km) from the city limits (less than an hour drive from downtown) on a twisty paved road which climbs 3400 vertical feet (1036 m) through sagebrush and forest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg/220px-AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg/330px-AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg/440px-AnneFrankHumanRightsMemoriaCentopahBackDetail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial" title="Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial">Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Boise is the site of the only <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> memorial in the U.S., the <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank_Human_Rights_Memorial" title="Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial">Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial</a>, located next to its main library.<sup id="cite_ref-Only_Human_Rights_Memorial_in_the_U.S._121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Only_Human_Rights_Memorial_in_the_U.S.-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Center_for_Birds_of_Prey" title="World Center for Birds of Prey">World Center for Birds of Prey</a>, just outside city, is a key part of the re-establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a> and its subsequent removal from the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> list. The center is breeding the rare California condor and the Aplomado Falcon, among many other rare and endangered species. </p><p>Publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunset Magazine">Sunset</a></i> have cited the city for its quality of life. An article published by <i>Forbes</i> in 2018 named Boise the fastest-growing city in America. Post pandemic, Boise was the fifth fastest-growing city in the U.S. in 2022 and 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The metro area population of Boise in 2024 is 476,000, a 1.28% increase from 2023. Along with the population growth, the employment rate has grown 4.6% from 2012 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cornerstone mall in Boise, Boise Towne Square Mall, is also a major shopping attraction for Boise, Nampa, <a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a>, and surrounding areas. The mall received upgrades and added several new retailers in 1998 and 2006. Home prices, a proxy for wealth, increased 11.58%--number four in the U.S.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The state's largest <a href="/wiki/Giant_sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant sequoia">giant sequoia</a> can be found near St. Luke's Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professional sports teams in Boise include the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Hawks" title="Boise Hawks">Boise Hawks</a> of the independent baseball <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Steelheads" title="Idaho Steelheads">Idaho Steelheads</a> of the <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> (minor league <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Treasure Valley Spartans (<a href="/wiki/Semi-professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-professional">semi-pro football</a>) of the (Rocky Mountain Football League) operated from 2009 to 2012.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An <a href="/wiki/Arenafootball2" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenafootball2">arenafootball2</a> franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Burn" title="Boise Burn">Boise Burn</a>, began play in 2007 but folded after the 2009 season.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Boise_Pro_Soccer" title="Boise Pro Soccer">Boise Pro Soccer</a> was established in 2024 with plans to field professional soccer teams in the men's <a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> and the women's <a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USL Super League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boise is home to an all-female, <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a>, flat track <a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">roller derby</a> league, the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley_Rollergirls" title="Treasure Valley Rollergirls">Treasure Valley Rollergirls</a>, which beginning on Labor Day Weekend 2010 hosted an international, two-day, double elimination tournament, the first Spudtown Knockdown,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring eight teams from throughout the American West and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a> campus is home to <a href="/wiki/Albertsons_Stadium" title="Albertsons Stadium">Albertsons Stadium</a>, a 36,800-seat outdoor <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">football</a> stadium known for its blue playing surface, currently <a href="/wiki/FieldTurf" title="FieldTurf">FieldTurf</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/ExtraMile_Arena" title="ExtraMile Arena">ExtraMile Arena</a>, a 12,000-seat basketball and entertainment venue which opened in 1982 as the BSU Pavilion. Boise State University is known primarily for the recent successes of its football team. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly,_July_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png/220px-Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png/330px-Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png/440px-Boise_Basque_Soccer_Friendly%2C_July_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>An international club soccer <a href="/wiki/Friendly_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly (association football)">friendly</a> match hosted at Albertsons Stadium in July 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Famous_Idaho_Potato_Bowl" title="Famous Idaho Potato Bowl">Famous Idaho Potato Bowl</a> football game (formerly known as the Humanitarian Bowl and the MPC Computers Bowl) is held in late December each year, and pairs a team from the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference" title="Mountain West Conference">Mountain West Conference</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Mid-American_Conference" title="Mid-American Conference">Mid-American Conference</a> team. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th> <th scope="col">Championships </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boise_Hawks" title="Boise Hawks">Boise Hawks</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(Boise)" title="Memorial Stadium (Boise)">Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">1987 </td> <td align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Steelheads" title="Idaho Steelheads">Idaho Steelheads</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Central_Arena" title="Idaho Central Arena">Idaho Central Arena</a> </td> <td align="center">1997 </td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policing_and_crime">Policing and crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Policing and crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1864, John Ward became the first <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> <a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">Marshal</a> in the newly formed city of Boise.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Boise Police Department was inaugurated in 1903; at the time it consisted of a <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_police" title="Chief of police">chief of police</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Police_sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Police sergeant">police sergeant</a>, and seven <a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">police officers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-police.cityofboise.org_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-police.cityofboise.org-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the Boise City Police Department (BPD) employs just over 400 people, with 325 allocated positions for <a href="/wiki/Sworn_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sworn officer">sworn officers</a> and 82 civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-police.cityofboise.org_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-police.cityofboise.org-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 2020, Boise Police reported 4 incidents of murder, 147 incidents of rapes, 210 incidents of sexual assault, 56 incidents of robberies, 380 incidents of aggravated assault, 1465 incidents of assault/battery, 479 incidents of burglary, 3164 incidents of theft, 292 incidents of motor vehicle theft, and 35 incidents of robbery. Total crimes have decreased overall between 2016 and 2020. Over the same time, incidents of rape and sexual assault have trended upwards while assault/battery, burglary, theft, and vandalism have trended downwards.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Violent crimes dropped from 775 incidents in 2006 to 586 in 2007, but murders increased from 2004 to 2007. In 2007, there were 3,211 crimes per 100,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite population growth, violent crime has remained much the same as of 2013, with 600 incidents of violent crime in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boise_School_District" title="Boise School District">Boise School District</a>, which includes the majority of the city,<sup id="cite_ref-AdaCoSDMap2020_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdaCoSDMap2020-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes 31 elementary schools, eight junior high schools, five high schools, and two specialty schools. Part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Ada_School_District" title="West Ada School District">West Ada School District</a> is within the Boise city limits,<sup id="cite_ref-AdaCoSDMap2020_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdaCoSDMap2020-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the city is therefore home to six public high schools: <a href="/wiki/Boise_High_School" title="Boise High School">Boise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borah_High_School" title="Borah High School">Borah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_High_School_(Idaho)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital High School (Idaho)">Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timberline_High_School_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="Timberline High School (Boise, Idaho)">Timberline</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">alternative</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church_High_School" title="Frank Church High School">Frank Church</a>, and the West Ada School district's <a href="/wiki/Centennial_High_School_(Idaho)" title="Centennial High School (Idaho)">Centennial</a>. Boise's private schools include the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Kelly_High_School" title="Bishop Kelly High School">Bishop Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foothills_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Foothills School of Arts and Sciences">Foothills School of Arts and Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a>-accredited <a href="/wiki/Riverstone_International_School" title="Riverstone International School">Riverstone International School</a>, and the only student-led school in the country <a href="/wiki/One_Stone_(nonprofit)" title="One Stone (nonprofit)">One Stone</a>. </p><p>Post-secondary educational options in Boise include <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a> (BSU) and a wide range of technical schools. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a> (UI) and <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a> (ISU) each maintain a satellite campus in Boise. As of 2014, the city has two law school programs. The <a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_School_of_Law" title="Concordia University School of Law">Concordia University School of Law</a> opened in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-KTVB.com_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTVB.com-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho_College_of_Law" title="University of Idaho College of Law">University of Idaho College of Law</a> now hosts second and third year students at its Boise campus.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boise is home to <a href="/wiki/Boise_Bible_College" title="Boise Bible College">Boise Bible College</a>, an undergraduate degree-granting college that exists to train leaders for churches as well as missionaries for the world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basque_School_of_Boise" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque School of Boise">Boiseko Ikastola</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> preschool outside of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Boise,_Idaho" title="Media in Boise, Idaho">Media in Boise, Idaho</a></div> <p>The greater Boise area is served by two daily newspapers, <i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Statesman" title="Idaho Statesman">The Idaho Statesman</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Idaho_Press" title="The Idaho Press">Idaho Press</a></i>, a free alternative newsweekly, <i><a href="/wiki/Boise_Weekly" title="Boise Weekly">Boise Weekly</a></i>; a weekly business news publication, <i>Idaho Business Review</i>, and a quarterly lifestyle magazine, <i>Boise Magazine</i>. In addition to numerous radio stations, Boise has five major commercial television stations that serve the greater Boise area. The major television stations include <a href="/wiki/KBOI-TV" title="KBOI-TV">KBOI-TV</a> 2 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, with <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>, via low-powered <a href="/wiki/KYUU-LD" title="KYUU-LD">KYUU-LD</a>, on DT2), <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Television" title="Idaho Public Television">KAID</a> 4 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KIVI-TV" title="KIVI-TV">KIVI-TV</a> 6 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KTVB" title="KTVB">KTVB</a> 7 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>) and <a href="/wiki/KNIN-TV" title="KNIN-TV">KNIN-TV</a> 9 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major Interstate serving Boise is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Idaho" title="Interstate 84 in Idaho">I-84</a>, which connects Boise with <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>. In addition, residents in the Boise area are served with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_184" title="Interstate 184">Interstate 184</a> (locally known as "The Connector"), a nearly 5-mile (8 km) stretch of freeway connecting I-84 with the downtown Boise area. Highway 55 branches outward northeast. There is a network of <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike paths</a>, such as the Boise River Greenbelt, throughout the city and surrounding region. Among US cities, Boise has the seventh highest amount of bicycle commuters per capita with 3.9% of commuters riding to work.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public transportation includes a series of bus lines operated by <a href="/wiki/Valley_Regional_Transit" title="Valley Regional Transit">ValleyRide</a>. The construction of the underground public transportation hub (UPT Hub) in Boise in the parking lot site near the intersection of W Main Street and N 8th Street was completed in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercial air service is provided at the <a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a>. The terminal was recently renovated to accommodate the growing number of passengers flying in and out of Boise. It is served by <a href="/wiki/Allegiant_Air" title="Allegiant Air">Allegiant Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avelo_Airlines" title="Avelo Airlines">Avelo Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frontier_Airlines" title="Frontier Airlines">Frontier Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>. The airport's east end is home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Interagency_Fire_Center" title="National Interagency Fire Center">National Interagency Fire Center</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gowen_Field_Air_National_Guard_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowen Field Air National Guard Base">Gowen Field Air National Guard Base</a> occupies the south side of the field. </p><p>The Seattle–Chicago <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_(train)" title="Pioneer (train)">Pioneer</a></i> passenger train stopped at <a href="/wiki/Boise_Union_Pacific_Depot" title="Boise Union Pacific Depot">Boise Union Pacific Depot</a> from June 7, 1977, until May 10, 1997, when it was discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A short line railroad (<a href="/wiki/Boise_Valley_Railroad" title="Boise Valley Railroad">Boise Valley Railroad</a>) serves industries in Boise, connecting with the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> in Nampa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guernica,_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernica, Basque Country">Guernica, Basque Country</a>, Spain<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>, New York, United States<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Boise,_Idaho" title="List of people from Boise, Idaho">List of people from Boise, Idaho</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/32px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/48px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/64px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Idaho" title="Portal:Idaho">Idaho portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/32px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/48px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/64px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Boise" title="List of parks in Boise">List of parks in Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Boise" title="USS Boise">USS <i>Boise</i></a>, 2 ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records have been kept at downtown Boise from January 1875 to December 1939, and at Boise Air Terminal (Airport) since January 1940. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">ThreadEx</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_16.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_16.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/400590">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. <i>edits.nationalmap.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edits.nationalmap.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fgaz-record%2F400590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adacounty.id.gov/developmentservices/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/Population-Demographics.pdf">"Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>adacounty.id.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423104019/https://adacounty.id.gov/developmentservices/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/Population-Demographics.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adacounty.id.gov&rft.atitle=Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadacounty.id.gov%2Fdevelopmentservices%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F37%2FPopulation-Demographics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boiname-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boiname_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boiname_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209123110/http://www.cityofboise.org/CityGovernment/AboutBoise/">"About Boise"</a>. Cityofboise.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboise.org/CityGovernment/AboutBoise/">the original</a> on February 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Boise&rft.pub=Cityofboise.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboise.org%2FCityGovernment%2FAboutBoise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930214321/http://www.idahohistory.net/Reference%20Series/0032.pdf">"The name "Boise"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IdahoHistory.net. July 7, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahohistory.net/reference%20series/0032.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+name+%22Boise%22&rft.pub=IdahoHistory.net&rft.date=2010-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahohistory.net%2Freference%2520series%2F0032.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idaldpx-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idaldpx_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuplee1986" class="citation news cs1">Suplee, Curt (November 30, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gEBPAAAAIBAJ&pg=6908%2C2711950">"Idaho: a land of wild paradoxes"</a>. <i>Toledo Blade</i>. -Ohio. Los Angeles Times news service. p. F7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904034156/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gEBPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3wIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6908%2C2711950">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Idaho%3A+a+land+of+wild+paradoxes&rft.pages=F7&rft.date=1986-11-30&rft.aulast=Suplee&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DgEBPAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6908%252C2711950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Mara2009" class="citation web cs1">O'Mara, Maggie (September 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212928/http://www.ktvb.com/community/blogs/maggie-omara/65582257.html">"BLOG: Boise or Boize? Get it right people... PLEASE"</a>. Ktvb.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktvb.com/community/blogs/maggie-omara/65582257.html">the original</a> on May 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BLOG%3A+Boise+or+Boize%3F+Get+it+right+people...+PLEASE.&rft.pub=Ktvb.com&rft.date=2009-09-18&rft.aulast=O%27Mara&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktvb.com%2Fcommunity%2Fblogs%2Fmaggie-omara%2F65582257.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuden_Land2022" class="citation news cs1">Auden Land, Joni (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/community/boise/article257823873.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Boy-see' vs. 'Boy-zee': A linguistic debate hundreds of years in the making lingers on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Statesman" title="Idaho Statesman">Idaho Statesman</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=%27Boy-see%27+vs.+%27Boy-zee%27%3A+A+linguistic+debate+hundreds+of+years+in+the+making+lingers+on&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Auden+Land&rft.aufirst=Joni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunity%2Fboise%2Farticle257823873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuden_Land2022" class="citation news cs1">Auden Land, Joni (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/community/boise/article257823873.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Boy-see' vs. 'Boy-zee': A linguistic debate hundreds of years in the making lingers on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Statesman" title="Idaho Statesman">Idaho Statesman</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=%27Boy-see%27+vs.+%27Boy-zee%27%3A+A+linguistic+debate+hundreds+of+years+in+the+making+lingers+on&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Auden+Land&rft.aufirst=Joni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunity%2Fboise%2Farticle257823873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoise2013" class="citation web cs1">Boise, City of (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207031522/http://www.boiseuu.org/msearch/brochures/HistoryOfBoise.pdf">"History of Boise; City of Boise, Boise Department of Arts & History, Idaho Statesman"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Boise. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseuu.org/msearch/brochures/HistoryOfBoise.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Boise%3B+City+of+Boise%2C+Boise+Department+of+Arts+%26+History%2C+Idaho+Statesman&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Boise&rft.aufirst=City+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseuu.org%2Fmsearch%2Fbrochures%2FHistoryOfBoise.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiljebladFowlerPowell2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Liljeblad, Sven; Fowler, Catherine S.; Powell, Glenda (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7Nfd8J7FmwC">"tuuˀagaidɨkaˀa"</a>. <i>Northern Paiute–Bannock Dictionary</i>. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press. p. 596. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781607819684" title="Special:BookSources/9781607819684"><bdi>9781607819684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=tuu%CB%80agaid%C9%A8ka%CB%80a&rft.btitle=Northern+Paiute%E2%80%93Bannock+Dictionary&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.pages=596&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781607819684&rft.aulast=Liljeblad&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Catherine+S.&rft.au=Powell%2C+Glenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU7Nfd8J7FmwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bancroft-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bancroft_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bancroft_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBancroft1884" class="citation book cs1">Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1884). <i>History of the Northwest Coast, vol. 2. In Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, vol. XXVIII</i>. San Francisco: A.L. Bancroft and Company. pp. 178–235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Northwest+Coast%2C+vol.+2.+In+Works+of+Hubert+Howe+Bancroft%2C+vol.+XXVIII&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=178-235&rft.pub=A.L.+Bancroft+and+Company&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Bancroft&rft.aufirst=Hubert+Howe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-virginia-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-virginia_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720141022/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/mtmen/explore.html">"Mountain Men: Explorers and Guides"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/HNS/Mtmen/explore.html">the original</a> on July 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Men%3A+Explorers+and+Guides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxroads.virginia.edu%2F~HYPER%2FHNS%2FMtmen%2Fexplore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Wilson Price Hunt.” American Western Expansion. Accessed May 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thefurtrapper.com/home/wilson-hunt/">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Wilson Price Hunt Expedition Historical Marker.” Historical Marker, October 18, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=119203">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meinig-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meinig_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/D.W._Meinig" class="mw-redirect" title="D.W. Meinig">Meinig, D.W.</a> (1993). <i>The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 2: Continental America, 1800-1867.</i> New Haven: Yale University Press. p.76<. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-05658-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-05658-3">0-300-05658-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kshs.org/teachers/read_kansas/pdfs/m41card01.pdf">"Major Long and the 'Great American Desert'"</a>, Kansas Historical Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubert Howe Bancroft, <i>History of Oregon, Volume II, 1848-1888</i>, The History Company, San Francisco, 1888, p.462 note 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schlicke-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schlicke_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlicke, Carl P. “MASSACRE ON THE OREGON TRAIL IN THE YEAR 1860.” COLUMBIA: The Magazine of Northwest History 1, no. 1 (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/01-1_Schlicke-1.pdf">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dave_High-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dave_High_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">High, Dave and Daniel Newcomer. "The Ward Massacre." Clio: Your Guide to History. June 20, 2016. Accessed May 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theclio.com/entry/23713">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KTVB-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KTVB_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes, Brian. “During the Gold Rush, Idaho City Became the Largest City in the Northwest.” ktvb.com, August 2, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/208/during-idaho-territory-gold-rush-idaho-city-became-largest-city-northwest-pacific/277-c9202682-1ca6-4ca9-afdb-6067e751d125">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Idaho State Historical Society. “Text of the Treaty of Fort Boise, October 10, 1864.” <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cfw.nwcouncil.org/Content/Committees/Members/meetings/2011_0310/IdahoHistoricalRef-No91_TextOfTheTreatyOfFortBoise_10oct1864.pdf">Link</a>, September 1865.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“CALEB LYON OF LYONSDALE AND THE BOISE CLAIM.” Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series, December 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/0022.pdf">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idaho_powers-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idaho_powers_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Myers, Daniel. “An Archival Review and Ethnographic Study for the Relicensing of the Hells Canyon Complex Hydroelectrical Plants.” Idaho Power, July 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.idahopower.com/pdfs/relicensing/hellscanyon/hellspdfs/techappendices/Cultural/e04_12.pdf">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michno, Gregory, <b>The Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict, 1864-1868</b>. Caldwell: Caxton Press, 2007. pp 345-346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murray, Crystl. “Idaho Natives: Shoshone-Bannocks Tribes.” IDAHO NATIVES | SHOSHONE-BANNOCKS TRIBES. Accessed May 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalogirlsproductions.com/idahonatives/bannock/boise.html">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Justin. “Idaho's Trail of Tears.” Idaho State Journal, February 21, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/opinion/columns/idahos-trail-of-tears/article_5ecbc45a-b5a2-569e-881c-60cbdde63435.html">Link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacGregor2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGregor2006_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGregor2006" class="citation book cs1">MacGregor, Carol Lynn (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69423136"><i>Boise, Idaho, 1882-1910 : prosperity in isolation</i></a>. Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87842-522-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87842-522-5"><bdi>0-87842-522-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/69423136">69423136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boise%2C+Idaho%2C+1882-1910+%3A+prosperity+in+isolation&rft.place=Missoula%2C+Mont.&rft.pub=Mountain+Press+Pub&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F69423136&rft.isbn=0-87842-522-5&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=Carol+Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F69423136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0171.pdf">"Early Irrigation Canals Pre-Project Ventures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (171). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Early+Irrigation+Canals+Pre-Project+Ventures&rft.issue=171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0171.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0465_South-Boise-Stage-Lines.pdf">"South Boise Stage Lines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (465). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=South+Boise+Stage+Lines&rft.issue=465&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0465_South-Boise-Stage-Lines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0130.pdf">"Census of 1864"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (130). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Census+of+1864&rft.issue=130&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0130.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/0046.pdf">"Territorial Legislative Apportionment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (46). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Territorial+Legislative+Apportionment&rft.issue=46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F08%2F0046.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/0030.pdf">"Boise City Charter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (30). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Boise+City+Charter&rft.issue=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F08%2F0030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0344_Location-of-Idahos-Territorial-Capital.pdf">"Location of Idaho's Territorial Capital"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho Historical Society Reference Series</i> (344). Boise, Idaho: Idaho Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Location+of+Idaho%27s+Territorial+Capital&rft.issue=344&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0344_Location-of-Idahos-Territorial-Capital.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wells2000-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wells2000_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells2000_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells2000_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells2000_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells2000_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2000" class="citation book cs1">Wells, Merle W. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46835336"><i>Boise : an illustrated history</i></a>. Arthur A. Hart. Sun Valley, Calif.: American Historical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892724-13-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-892724-13-8"><bdi>1-892724-13-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46835336">46835336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boise+%3A+an+illustrated+history&rft.place=Sun+Valley%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=American+Historical+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46835336&rft.isbn=1-892724-13-8&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Merle+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F46835336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurvey" class="citation web cs1">Survey, Historic American Buildings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/id0033/">"U. S. Assay Office, 210 Main Street, Boise, Ada County, ID"</a>. <i>www.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft.atitle=U.+S.+Assay+Office%2C+210+Main+Street%2C+Boise%2C+Ada+County%2C+ID&rft.aulast=Survey&rft.aufirst=Historic+American+Buildings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2Fid0033%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/0031.pdf">"Trees in Early Boise"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (31). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Trees+in+Early+Boise&rft.issue=31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F08%2F0031.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboise.org/departments/parks-and-recreation/parks/julia-davis-park/">"Julia Davis Park"</a>. <i>City of Boise</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Boise&rft.atitle=Julia+Davis+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboise.org%2Fdepartments%2Fparks-and-recreation%2Fparks%2Fjulia-davis-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0492_Boise-Electric-Plant.pdf">"Boise Electric Plant"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (492). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society. 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Boise+Electric+Plant&rft.issue=492&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0492_Boise-Electric-Plant.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boisestate.edu/sps-urban/urban-resources/trolley-town/">"Trolley Town"</a>. <i>Boise State University</i>. Urban Studies and Community Development<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boise+State+University&rft.atitle=Trolley+Town&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisestate.edu%2Fsps-urban%2Furban-resources%2Ftrolley-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0500_Boise-Natural-Hot-Water-Heating-System.pdf">"Boise Natural Hot Water Heating System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series</i> (500). Boise, Idaho: Idaho State Historical Society. 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+State+Historical+Society+Reference+Series&rft.atitle=Boise+Natural+Hot+Water+Heating+System&rft.issue=500&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.idaho.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F0500_Boise-Natural-Hot-Water-Heating-System.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/18-population-id.pdf">"Population of Idaho by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: United States Census Bureau. November 28, 1900<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Idaho+by+Counties+and+Minor+Civil+Divisions&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=1900-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fdecennial%2F1900%2Fbulletins%2Fdemographic%2F18-population-id.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2023" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, David K. (March 22, 2023). <i>The Lavender Scare</i>. The University of Chicago Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226825724" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226825724"><bdi>978-0226825724</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52197376">52197376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lavender+Scare&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2023-03-22&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52197376&rft.isbn=978-0226825724&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Samantha (May 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boisestatepublicradio.org/arts-culture/2019-05-09/its-official-new-names-for-boise-park-and-reserve">"It's Official: New Names For Boise Park and Reserve"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+Official%3A+New+Names+For+Boise+Park+and+Reserve&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisestatepublicradio.org%2Farts-culture%2F2019-05-09%2Fits-official-new-names-for-boise-park-and-reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2019/may/13/boise-parks-renamed-to-honor-indigenous-past/">"Boise parks renamed to honor indigenous past"</a>. <i>The Spokesman-Review</i>. May 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Boise+parks+renamed+to+honor+indigenous+past&rft.date=2019-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F2019%2Fmay%2F13%2Fboise-parks-renamed-to-honor-indigenous-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazetteer_files-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt">"US Gazetteer files 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt">the original</a> on January 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files+2010&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201192144/http://police.cityofboise.org/home/news-releases/2014/01/boise-police-join-nextdoorcom/">"Boise Police Department joins Nextdoor"</a>. Police.cityofboise.org. January 27, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://police.cityofboise.org/home/news-releases/2014/01/boise-police-join-nextdoorcom/">the original</a> on February 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+Police+Department+joins+Nextdoor&rft.pub=Police.cityofboise.org&rft.date=2014-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolice.cityofboise.org%2Fhome%2Fnews-releases%2F2014%2F01%2Fboise-police-join-nextdoorcom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140206035931/http://www.idahostatesman.com/2013/10/21/2826016/nextdoor-neighbors-app-propels.htm">"Idahostatesman.com Boise, ID"</a>. February 6, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/2013/10/21/2826016/nextdoor-neighbors-app-propels.htm">the original</a> on February 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idahostatesman.com+Boise%2C+ID&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2F2013%2F10%2F21%2F2826016%2Fnextdoor-neighbors-app-propels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/2014/01/16/2975542/city-of-boise-gets-neighborly.html">"Boise, Meridian, Nampa, Caldwell news by Idaho Statesman"</a>. Idahostatesman.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise%2C+Meridian%2C+Nampa%2C+Caldwell+news+by+Idaho+Statesman&rft.pub=Idahostatesman.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2F2014%2F01%2F16%2F2975542%2Fcity-of-boise-gets-neighborly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boiseartmuseum.org/">"Welcome to BAM"</a>. Boiseartmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117014828/http://www.boiseartmuseum.org/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+BAM&rft.pub=Boiseartmuseum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboiseartmuseum.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127012350/http://www.zooboise.org/">"Home"</a>. Zooboise.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zooboise.org/">the original</a> on November 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Zooboise.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zooboise.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.boisetownesquare.com/html/index3.asp">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201052425/http://www.boisetownesquare.com/html/index3.asp">Archived</a> February 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120411080402/http://www.downtownboise.org/m_events/dba_alive_after_5.cfm">"Downtown Boise Association"</a>. Downtownboise.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.downtownboise.org/m_events/dba_alive_after_5.cfm/">the original</a> on April 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downtown+Boise+Association&rft.pub=Downtownboise.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtownboise.org%2Fm_events%2Fdba_alive_after_5.cfm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211190108/http://www.downtownboise.org/m_events/dba_first_thursday.cfm">"Downtown Boise Association"</a>. Downtownboise.org. November 1, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.downtownboise.org/m_events/dba_first_thursday.cfm/">the original</a> on February 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downtown+Boise+Association&rft.pub=Downtownboise.org&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downtownboise.org%2Fm_events%2Fdba_first_thursday.cfm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113171236/https://professorofpractice.boisestate.edu/benjaminvictor/gallery/">"Benjamin Victor Gallery and Studio at Boise State University"</a>. <i>Benjamin Victor, Professor of the Practice</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://professorofpractice.boisestate.edu/benjaminvictor/gallery/">the original</a> on November 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Benjamin+Victor%2C+Professor+of+the+Practice&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Victor+Gallery+and+Studio+at+Boise+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofessorofpractice.boisestate.edu%2Fbenjaminvictor%2Fgallery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704122651/http://northend.org/content1.asp?cat=12&id=32">"A Northend History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northend.org/content1.asp?cat=12&id=32">the original</a> on July 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Northend+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northend.org%2Fcontent1.asp%3Fcat%3D12%26id%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cityofboise1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityofboise1_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122073552/http://parks.cityofboise.org/">"Boise Parks & Recreation — City of Boise"</a>. Parks.cityofboise.org. November 21, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.cityofboise.org/">the original</a> on November 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+Parks+%26+Recreation+%E2%80%94+City+of+Boise&rft.pub=Parks.cityofboise.org&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.cityofboise.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060717194354/http://www.northend.org/hydepark.htm">"Northend.org"</a>. Northend.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northend.org/hydepark.htm">the original</a> on July 17, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northend.org&rft.pub=Northend.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northend.org%2Fhydepark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203050136/http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/">"Great Places in America"</a>. Planning.org. February 24, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/">the original</a> on December 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Places+in+America&rft.pub=Planning.org&rft.date=2011-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planning.org%2Fgreatplaces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ltsanxx-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ltsanxx_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qrdeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bTAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5637%2C5967673">"Boise population climbs again with latest annexation"</a>. <i>Lewiston Morning Tribune</i>. (Idaho). Associated Press. December 29, 1965. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lewiston+Morning+Tribune&rft.atitle=Boise+population+climbs+again+with+latest+annexation&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1965-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DqrdeAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DbTAMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5637%252C5967673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boise's_Newest_Library-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boise's_Newest_Library_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2017" class="citation web cs1">Webb, Anna (April 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/article150236297.html">"10 fun facts about Boise's newest library opening Thursday"</a>. <i>The Idaho Statesman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=10+fun+facts+about+Boise%27s+newest+library+opening+Thursday&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticle150236297.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Story_behind_Library!-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Story_behind_Library!_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoeller2017" class="citation web cs1">Moeller, Katy (December 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/community/boise/article189932889.html">"Man behind Boise library's exclamation point tells story; mayor eats crow"</a>. <i>The Idaho Statesman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=Man+behind+Boise+library%27s+exclamation+point+tells+story%3B+mayor+eats+crow&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft.aulast=Moeller&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunity%2Fboise%2Farticle189932889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboise.org/media/3620/original-south-boise-2003.pdf">"Original South Boise Neighborhood Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Boise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cityofboise.org/media/3620/original-south-boise-2003.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+South+Boise+Neighborhood+Plan&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboise.org%2Fmedia%2F3620%2Foriginal-south-boise-2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bown_Crossing-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bown_Crossing_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120814/https://pds.cityofboise.org/innovative-development/projects/bowncrossing/">"Bown Crossing"</a>. City of Boise. January 18, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pds.cityofboise.org/innovative-development/projects/bowncrossing/">the original</a> on January 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bown+Crossing&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpds.cityofboise.org%2Finnovative-development%2Fprojects%2Fbowncrossing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWCN-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NWCN_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309172753/http://legacy.ktvb.com/story/news/local/2014/06/27/11463805/">"Loose electrical connection blamed for Boise fire"</a>. <i>KTVB</i>. October 14, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.ktvb.com/story/news/local/2014/06/27/11463805/">the original</a> on March 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KTVB&rft.atitle=Loose+electrical+connection+blamed+for+Boise+fire&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.ktvb.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2014%2F06%2F27%2F11463805%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iflyboise.com/">"Boise Airport"</a>. iFlyBoise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121129120812/http://www.iflyboise.com/">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+Airport&rft.pub=iFlyBoise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iflyboise.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_NWS_Boise,_ID_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507173712/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=boi">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=boi">the original</a> on May 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dboi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCDC-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NCDC_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712144820/http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/id/101022.pdf">"NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/id/101022.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCDC%3A+U.S.+Climate+Normals&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdo.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fclimatenormals%2Fclim20%2Fid%2F101022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820202406/http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Idaho/Ada/table">"Ada County, Idaho"</a>. Tornado History Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado/Idaho/Ada/table">the original</a> on August 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ada+County%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=Tornado+History+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tornadohistoryproject.com%2Ftornado%2FIdaho%2FAda%2Ftable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230803011003/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024131&format=pdf">"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024131&format=pdf">the original</a> on August 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Monthly+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00024131%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAAsun-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAAsun_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230803005737/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72681.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for BOISE/AIR TERMINAL ID 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72681.TXT">the original</a> on August 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+BOISE%2FAIR+TERMINAL+ID+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP4%2F72681.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20p16&y=2020">"2020 United States Census, Table P16: Household Type"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+P16%3A+Household+Type&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520p16%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census-DP1-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census-DP1_77-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20dp1">"2020 United States Census, Table DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+DP1%3A+Profile+of+General+Population+and+Housing+Characteristics&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDP2020.DP1%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520dp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html">"2020 Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2020%2Fgeo%2Fgazetter-file.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20p1&y=2020">"2020 United States Census, Table P1: Race"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+P1%3A+Race&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALPL2020.P1%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520p1%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20p2&y=2020">"2020 United States Census, Table P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino By Race"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+By+Race&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALPL2020.P2%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520p2%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20s1101%20&y=2020">"2020 United States Census, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+S1101%3A+HOUSEHOLDS+AND+FAMILIES&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1101%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520s1101%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Boise%20City%20city,%20Idaho%20s1501%20&y=2020">"2020 United States Census, Table S1501: Educational Attainment"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+United+States+Census%2C+Table+S1501%3A+Educational+Attainment&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1501%3Fq%3DBoise%2520City%2520city%2C%2520Idaho%2520s1501%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US1608830&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Boise city, Idaho"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P004%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Boise+city%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fg%3D160XX00US1608830%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1608830&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Boise city, Idaho"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Boise+city%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1608830%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1608830&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Boise city, Idaho"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Boise+city%2C+Idaho&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1608830%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110112808/http://www.boiseidaho.gov/workforce/boise-companies/">"Boise Companies — Economic Development"</a>. Boiseidaho.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseidaho.gov/workforce/boise-companies/">the original</a> on November 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+Companies+%E2%80%94+Economic+Development&rft.pub=Boiseidaho.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseidaho.gov%2Fworkforce%2Fboise-companies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203300/http://www.spokanejournal.com/index.php?id=article&sub=147&keyword=">"Call-center industry rises here"</a>. <i>Spokane Journal of Business</i>. January 12, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokanejournal.com/index.php?id=article&sub=147&keyword=">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokane+Journal+of+Business&rft.atitle=Call-center+industry+rises+here&rft.date=2001-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokanejournal.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3Darticle%26sub%3D147%26keyword%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/cityofboise/docs/fy23_acfr_final">"City of Boise - Annual Comprehensive Financial Report - FY 2023 by City of Boise - Issuu"</a>. <i>issuu.com</i>. February 28, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issuu.com&rft.atitle=City+of+Boise+-+Annual+Comprehensive+Financial+Report+-+FY+2023+by+City+of+Boise+-+Issuu&rft.date=2024-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fcityofboise%2Fdocs%2Ffy23_acfr_final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagadone" class="citation web cs1">Hagadone, Zach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818091640/https://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/fortress-boise/Content?oid=3436864">"Fortress Boise"</a>. <i>Boiseweekly.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/fortress-boise/Content?oid=3436864">the original</a> on August 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boiseweekly.com&rft.atitle=Fortress+Boise&rft.aulast=Hagadone&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseweekly.com%2Fboise%2Ffortress-boise%2FContent%3Foid%3D3436864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150404225849/http://www.idahostatesman.com/2015/03/26/3718608/boises-biggest-week-let-the-music.html">"Let the music play: Treefort underway in Boise - Treefort Music Fest …"</a>. April 4, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/2015/03/26/3718608/boises-biggest-week-let-the-music.html">the original</a> on April 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let+the+music+play%3A+Treefort+underway+in+Boise+-+Treefort+Music+Fest+%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2015-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2F2015%2F03%2F26%2F3718608%2Fboises-biggest-week-let-the-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_21st-century_puppetry-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Early_21st-century_puppetry_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2017" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Harrison (December 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213142725/https://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/horrific-puppet-affair-finds-humor-in-the-space-between-halloween-and-christmas/Content?oid=8219881">"Horrific Puppet Affair Finds Humor in the Space Between Halloween and Christmas"</a>. <i>Boise Weekly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/horrific-puppet-affair-finds-humor-in-the-space-between-halloween-and-christmas/Content?oid=8219881">the original</a> on December 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boise+Weekly&rft.atitle=Horrific+Puppet+Affair+Finds+Humor+in+the+Space+Between+Halloween+and+Christmas&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Harrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseweekly.com%2Fboise%2Fhorrific-puppet-affair-finds-humor-in-the-space-between-halloween-and-christmas%2FContent%3Foid%3D8219881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millennial_Avant_Garde_Puppetry-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Millennial_Avant_Garde_Puppetry_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2017" class="citation web cs1">Burton, Brooke (December 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/blog/2017/12/20/creators-makers-and-doers-homegrown-theatre/">"Puppetry, Pantomime, & Projections: HomeGrown Theatre's Shortcut to Spectacle"</a>. <i>Boise City Department of Arts & History</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052857/https://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/blog/2017/12/20/creators-makers-and-doers-homegrown-theatre/">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boise+City+Department+of+Arts+%26+History&rft.atitle=Puppetry%2C+Pantomime%2C+%26+Projections%3A+HomeGrown+Theatre%27s+Shortcut+to+Spectacle&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fblog%2F2017%2F12%2F20%2Fcreators-makers-and-doers-homegrown-theatre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth_American_Basque_Organizations_Inc." class="citation web cs1">North American Basque Organizations Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513061420/http://www.nabasque.org/us_basque_population.html">"U.S. Basque Population"</a>. <i>www.nabasque.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nabasque.org/us_basque_population.html">the original</a> on May 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nabasque.org&rft.atitle=U.S.+Basque+Population&rft.au=North+American+Basque+Organizations+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nabasque.org%2Fus_basque_population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190908132709/http://www.boiseartmuseum.org/">"Boise Art Museum"</a>. Boise Art Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartmuseum.org">the original</a> on September 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+Art+Museum&rft.pub=Boise+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartmuseum.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100913043320/http://www.boisephilharmonic.org/">"The Boise Philharmonic Homepage"</a>. Boise Philharmonic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boisephilharmonic.org/">the original</a> on September 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Boise+Philharmonic+Homepage&rft.pub=Boise+Philharmonic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisephilharmonic.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101005155317/http://www.balletidaho.org/">"Ballet Idaho"</a>. Ballet Idaho. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balletidaho.org/">the original</a> on October 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballet+Idaho&rft.pub=Ballet+Idaho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balletidaho.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacaulay2010" class="citation news cs1">Macaulay, Alastair (August 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/07/arts/dance/07trey.html?_r=2">"Dance Review — Trey McIntyre Project's Ballets at Jacob's Pillow"</a>. <i>NYTimes.com</i>. Massachusetts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628042152/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/07/arts/dance/07trey.html?_r=2">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NYTimes.com&rft.atitle=Dance+Review+%E2%80%94+Trey+McIntyre+Project%27s+Ballets+at+Jacob%27s+Pillow&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft.aulast=Macaulay&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F07%2Farts%2Fdance%2F07trey.html%3F_r%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208090029/http://treymcintyre.com/">"Trey McIntyre Project"</a>. Treymcintyre.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treymcintyre.com/">the original</a> on February 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trey+McIntyre+Project&rft.pub=Treymcintyre.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treymcintyre.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622023851/http://mc.boisestate.edu/">"Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts Official Home Page"</a>. Mc.boisestate.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mc.boisestate.edu/">the original</a> on June 22, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Velma+V.+Morrison+Center+for+the+Performing+Arts+Official+Home+Page&rft.pub=Mc.boisestate.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmc.boisestate.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927075220/http://www.operaidaho.org/">"Opera Idaho"</a>. Opera Idaho. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operaidaho.org/">the original</a> on September 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opera+Idaho&rft.pub=Opera+Idaho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operaidaho.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703075441/http://cityclerk.cityofboise.org/MeetingArchive/PDF/Minutes/2008/031108m.pdf">"March 8, 2008 Boise City Council Minutes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Clerks Office, City of Boise. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityclerk.cityofboise.org/MeetingArchive/PDF/Minutes/2008/031108m.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=March+8%2C+2008+Boise+City+Council+Minutes&rft.pub=Clerks+Office%2C+City+of+Boise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityclerk.cityofboise.org%2FMeetingArchive%2FPDF%2FMinutes%2F2008%2F031108m.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brochure-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boise City Department of Arts and History brochure</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407104225/http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/history/tours-maps/">"Tour Maps"</a>. Boise City Department of Arts and History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/history/tours-maps/">the original</a> on April 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tour+Maps&rft.pub=Boise+City+Department+of+Arts+and+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fhistory%2Ftours-maps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/history/research-collection/">"Research Collection"</a>. Boise City Department of Arts and History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407104205/http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/history/research-collection/">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+Collection&rft.pub=Boise+City+Department+of+Arts+and+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fhistory%2Fresearch-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407104023/http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/cultural-programs/artists-in-residence/">"Artists in Residence"</a>. Boise City Department of Arts and History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/cultural-programs/artists-in-residence/">the original</a> on April 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artists+in+Residence&rft.pub=Boise+City+Department+of+Arts+and+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fcultural-programs%2Fartists-in-residence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407103600/http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/cultural-programs/fettuccine-forum/">"Fettuccine Forum"</a>. Boise City Department of Arts and History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/cultural-programs/fettuccine-forum/">the original</a> on April 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fettuccine+Forum&rft.pub=Boise+City+Department+of+Arts+and+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fcultural-programs%2Ffettuccine-forum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520071601/http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/media/74343/id_cityofboise_aep4_summaryoffindings_1_.pdf">"research study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Americans for the Arts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseartsandhistory.org/media/74343/id_cityofboise_aep4_summaryoffindings_1_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=research+study&rft.pub=Americans+for+the+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseartsandhistory.org%2Fmedia%2F74343%2Fid_cityofboise_aep4_summaryoffindings_1_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627070707/http://www.idahonewyearscommission.com/">"New Year's Eve Party Boise Idaho - Idaho Potato Drop"</a>. <i>Idahonewyearscommission.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahonewyearscommission.com">the original</a> on June 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idahonewyearscommission.com&rft.atitle=New+Year%27s+Eve+Party+Boise+Idaho+-+Idaho+Potato+Drop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahonewyearscommission.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idahopotatodrop.com/sponsors/">"Sponsors"</a>. <i>idahopotatodrop.com</i>. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idahopotatodrop.com&rft.atitle=Sponsors&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidahopotatodrop.com%2Fsponsors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ntset-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ntset_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lENTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j4QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3803%2C6157226">"New LDS temples: since 1980"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. (Salt Lake City, Utah). March 30, 1990. p. A2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=New+LDS+temples%3A+since+1980&rft.pages=A2&rft.date=1990-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlENTAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dj4QDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3803%252C6157226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cschurchboise.org">"First Church Christ, Scientist, Boise"</a>. <i>cschurchboise.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cschurchboise.org&rft.atitle=First+Church+Christ%2C+Scientist%2C+Boise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cschurchboise.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225113511/http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9908/US28-4605.html">"VNN USA — Mayor To Open New Boise Temple"</a>. <i>Vnn.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vnn.org/usa/US9908/US28-4605.html">the original</a> on February 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vnn.org&rft.atitle=VNN+USA+%E2%80%94+Mayor+To+Open+New+Boise+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vnn.org%2Fusa%2FUS9908%2FUS28-4605.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/linhthuutemple/?pageid=351114251665366&ftentidentifier=2059779577465483&padding=0">"Linh Thuu Buddhist Temple - Home"</a>. <i>Facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook.com&rft.atitle=Linh+Thuu+Buddhist+Temple+-+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Flinhthuutemple%2F%3Fpageid%3D351114251665366%26ftentidentifier%3D2059779577465483%26padding%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.specialolympics.org/Special+Olympics+Public+Website/English/Press_Room/Global_news/Boise+site+of+2009+Games.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101123420/http://www.specialolympics.org/Special%2BOlympics%2BPublic%2BWebsite/English/Press_Room/Global_news/Boise%2Bsite%2Bof%2B2009%2BGames.htm">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.imdb.com/title/tt0069089/quotes">"Pink Flamingos (1972)"</a>. imdb.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pink+Flamingos+%281972%29&rft.pub=imdb.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0069089%2Fquotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProctor1995" class="citation news cs1">Proctor, David (September 29, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-not-this-part-of-th/131161489/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Not This Part of the World' comes to this part of the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Idaho_Statesman" class="mw-redirect" title="The Idaho Statesman">The Idaho Statesman</a></i>. p. 61<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=%27Not+This+Part+of+the+World%27+comes+to+this+part+of+the+world&rft.pages=61&rft.date=1995-09-29&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-idaho-statesman-not-this-part-of-th%2F131161489%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sister_Cities-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sister_Cities_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213102536/https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/sister-cities-states/">"Sister Cities & States"</a>. <i>The Official Website of the State of Idaho</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idaho.gov/about-idaho/sister-cities-states/">the original</a> on February 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+State+of+Idaho.&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities+%26+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idaho.gov%2Fabout-idaho%2Fsister-cities-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adacounty.id.gov/parksandwaterways/float-the-boise-river/#floating_safety">"FLOAT THE BOISE RIVER"</a>. <i>Parks & Waterways</i>. Ada County Parks and Waterways<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parks+%26+Waterways&rft.atitle=FLOAT+THE+BOISE+RIVER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadacounty.id.gov%2Fparksandwaterways%2Ffloat-the-boise-river%2F%23floating_safety&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boise_Zoo-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boise_Zoo_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801021128/http://www.zooboise.org/event.aspx?id=1020">"Zoo Boise Event Details"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zooboise.org/event.aspx?id=1020">the original</a> on August 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zoo+Boise+Event+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zooboise.org%2Fevent.aspx%3Fid%3D1020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aquariumboise.net/">"Aquarium of Boise | Education. Inspiration. Conservation"</a>. <i>www.aquariumboise.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aquariumboise.net&rft.atitle=Aquarium+of+Boise+%7C+Education.+Inspiration.+Conservation.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquariumboise.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Only_Human_Rights_Memorial_in_the_U.S.-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Only_Human_Rights_Memorial_in_the_U.S._121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2017" class="citation web cs1">Webb, Anna (June 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/article153899354.html">"Bieter urges crowd to 'stand up to power' at anti-hate Anne Frank Memorial ceremony"</a>. <i>The Idaho Statesman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=Bieter+urges+crowd+to+%27stand+up+to+power%27+at+anti-hate+Anne+Frank+Memorial+ceremony&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticle153899354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2023" class="citation web cs1">Shaw, Jeff (September 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rebusinessonline.com/the-post-pandemic-boise/">"Post-Pandemic Boise Tries to Keep Up with Explosive Population Growth"</a>. <i>REBusinessOnline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=REBusinessOnline&rft.atitle=Post-Pandemic+Boise+Tries+to+Keep+Up+with+Explosive+Population+Growth&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frebusinessonline.com%2Fthe-post-pandemic-boise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFounder2024" class="citation web cs1">Founder, Don Day-BoiseDev Editor & (March 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boisedev.com/news/2024/03/06/boise-metro-growth/">"Boise boom: Strong decade for growth, wages - but some parts of metro area struggle"</a>. <i>BoiseDev</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BoiseDev&rft.atitle=Boise+boom%3A+Strong+decade+for+growth%2C+wages+-+but+some+parts+of+metro+area+struggle&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft.aulast=Founder&rft.aufirst=Don+Day-BoiseDev+Editor+%26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboisedev.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F03%2F06%2Fboise-metro-growth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714114013/http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/usa-giantsequoia/idaho/">"Giant sequoia trees (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in Idaho"</a>. Monumentaltrees.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monumentaltrees.com/en/usa-giantsequoia/idaho/">the original</a> on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giant+sequoia+trees+%28Sequoiadendron+giganteum%29+in+Idaho&rft.pub=Monumentaltrees.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monumentaltrees.com%2Fen%2Fusa-giantsequoia%2Fidaho%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCripe2019" class="citation news cs1">Cripe, Chadd (March 10, 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/sports/soccer/article226617749.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Really unique, really cool, really vibrant.' Pro soccer could thrive in Boise"</a></span>. <i>Idaho Statesman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=%27Really+unique%2C+really+cool%2C+really+vibrant.%27+Pro+soccer+could+thrive+in+Boise.&rft.date=2019-03-10&rft.aulast=Cripe&rft.aufirst=Chadd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2Farticle226617749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2023" class="citation news cs1">Day, Don (July 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boisedev.com/news/2023/07/18/afl-boise-burn/">"An upstart football league says it will field a pro team in Boise, but there are few specifics"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=BoiseDev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BoiseDev (page does not exist)">BoiseDev</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BoiseDev&rft.atitle=An+upstart+football+league+says+it+will+field+a+pro+team+in+Boise%2C+but+there+are+few+specifics&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboisedev.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F07%2F18%2Fafl-boise-burn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idahonews.com/news/local/boise-will-soon-be-home-to-mens-and-womens-professional-soccer-teams">"Boise to welcome new professional soccer teams, transforming Expo Idaho"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KBOI-TV" title="KBOI-TV">KBOI</a>. October 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boise+to+welcome+new+professional+soccer+teams%2C+transforming+Expo+Idaho&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidahonews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fboise-will-soon-be-home-to-mens-and-womens-professional-soccer-teams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogs/vulture/50252181-56/shakers-derby-salt-roller.html.csp">"Utah Local News — Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive — The Salt Lake Tribune"</a>. Sltrib.com. October 4, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221538/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogs/vulture/50252181-56/shakers-derby-salt-roller.html.csp">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Utah+Local+News+%E2%80%94+Salt+Lake+City+News%2C+Sports%2C+Archive+%E2%80%94+The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.pub=Sltrib.com&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fsltrib%2Fblogs%2Fvulture%2F50252181-56%2Fshakers-derby-salt-roller.html.csp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123090039/http://www.ktvb.com/home/Spudtown-Knockdown-returns-to-Boise-129200268.html">"Spudtown Knockdown returns to Boise"</a>. KTVB.com. September 3, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktvb.com/home/Spudtown-Knockdown-returns-to-Boise-129200268.html">the original</a> on November 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spudtown+Knockdown+returns+to+Boise&rft.pub=KTVB.com&rft.date=2011-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktvb.com%2Fhome%2FSpudtown-Knockdown-returns-to-Boise-129200268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.qwestarenaidaho.com/events/event.aspx?eventid=757">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719161437/http://www.qwestarenaidaho.com/events/event.aspx?eventid=757">Archived</a> July 19, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarr" class="citation web cs1">Darr, Deanna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325121234/http://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/spudtown-knockdown/Content?oid=1755752">"Spudtown Knockdown | Rec Extra"</a>. Boise Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseweekly.com/boise/spudtown-knockdown/Content?oid=1755752">the original</a> on March 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spudtown+Knockdown+%26%23124%3B+Rec+Extra&rft.pub=Boise+Weekly&rft.aulast=Darr&rft.aufirst=Deanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseweekly.com%2Fboise%2Fspudtown-knockdown%2FContent%3Foid%3D1755752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104180824/http://www.boisestatefootball.com/facilities/bronco-stadium-and-blue">"Bronco Stadium and The Blue"</a>. Boise State Football. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boisestatefootball.com/facilities/bronco-stadium-and-blue">the original</a> on November 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bronco+Stadium+and+The+Blue&rft.pub=Boise+State+Football&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisestatefootball.com%2Ffacilities%2Fbronco-stadium-and-blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2000" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Arthur (2000). <i>To Protect and to Serve</i>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9702761-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9702761-0-9"><bdi>0-9702761-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Protect+and+to+Serve&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9702761-0-9&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-police.cityofboise.org-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-police.cityofboise.org_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-police.cityofboise.org_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://police.cityofboise.org/">"Police"</a>. City of Boise<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolice.cityofboise.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboise.org/media/12744/crimereport20152020.pdf">"Crime Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Boise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cityofboise.org/media/12744/crimereport20152020.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+Report&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboise.org%2Fmedia%2F12744%2Fcrimereport20152020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311102716/http://www.cityofboise.org/Departments/Police/CityNeighborhoodCrimeStatsAndMaps/ViolentCrimesCharts.pdf">"Violent Crimes Charts 1998–2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City of Boise. November 16, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboise.org/Departments/Police/CityNeighborhoodCrimeStatsAndMaps/ViolentCrimesCharts.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violent+Crimes+Charts+1998%E2%80%932007&rft.pub=City+of+Boise&rft.date=2012-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboise.org%2FDepartments%2FPolice%2FCityNeighborhoodCrimeStatsAndMaps%2FViolentCrimesCharts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710134314/https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/tables/table-8/table-8-state-cuts/table_8_offenses_known_to_law_enforcement_idaho_by_city_2013.xls">"Table 8 – Idaho: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by City"</a>. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2013/crime-in-the-u.s.-2013/tables/table-8/table-8-state-cuts/table_8_offenses_known_to_law_enforcement_idaho_by_city_2013.xls">the original</a> on July 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+8+%E2%80%93+Idaho%3A+Offenses+Known+to+Law+Enforcement+by+City&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcjis%2Fucr%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2013%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s.-2013%2Ftables%2Ftable-8%2Ftable-8-state-cuts%2Ftable_8_offenses_known_to_law_enforcement_idaho_by_city_2013.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdaCoSDMap2020-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AdaCoSDMap2020_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaCoSDMap2020_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st16_id/schooldistrict_maps/c16001_ada/DC20SD_C16001.pdf">"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Ada County, ID"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st16_id/schooldistrict_maps/c16001_ada/DC20SD_C16001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+CENSUS+-+SCHOOL+DISTRICT+REFERENCE+MAP%3A+Ada+County%2C+ID&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst16_id%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc16001_ada%2FDC20SD_C16001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KTVB.com-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KTVB.com_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140628202514/http://www.ktvb.com/news/First-law-school-opens-in-Boise--167641165.html">"First law school opens in Boise"</a>. August 27, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktvb.com/news/First-law-school-opens-in-Boise--167641165.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+law+school+opens+in+Boise&rft.date=2012-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktvb.com%2Fnews%2FFirst-law-school-opens-in-Boise--167641165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508122711/http://www.uidaho.edu/law/academics/boise">"Boise second and third Year Program-College of Law-University of Idaho"</a>. Uidaho.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uidaho.edu/law/academics/boise">the original</a> on May 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise+second+and+third+Year+Program-College+of+Law-University+of+Idaho&rft.pub=Uidaho.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uidaho.edu%2Flaw%2Facademics%2Fboise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/entertainment/festival/article41562069.html">"Boise's Basque Preschool thrives and expands into a new home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boise%27s+Basque+Preschool+thrives+and+expands+into+a+new+home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fentertainment%2Ffestival%2Farticle41562069.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828180011/http://www.boisekoikastola.org/">"Boiseko ikastola, July 18, 2013"</a>. Boisekoikastola.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boisekoikastola.org/">the original</a> on August 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boiseko+ikastola%2C+July+18%2C+2013&rft.pub=Boisekoikastola.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boisekoikastola.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census.gov/">"Census Bureau Homepage"</a>. Census.gov. November 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320112930/http://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Bureau+Homepage&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensus.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.idahostatesman.com/2014/11/17/3490965/big-dig-commences.html">[4]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZach_Hagadone" class="citation web cs1">Zach Hagadone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910092932/http://www.boiseweekly.com/CityDesk/archives/2014/08/14/idahos-lone-amtrak-station-undergoing-renovation">"Idaho's Lone Amtrak Station Undergoing Renovation"</a>. <i>boiseweekly.com</i>. Boise Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boiseweekly.com/CityDesk/archives/2014/08/14/idahos-lone-amtrak-station-undergoing-renovation">the original</a> on September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=boiseweekly.com&rft.atitle=Idaho%27s+Lone+Amtrak+Station+Undergoing+Renovation&rft.au=Zach+Hagadone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boiseweekly.com%2FCityDesk%2Farchives%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fidahos-lone-amtrak-station-undergoing-renovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston,_Bob1997" class="citation journal cs1">Johnston, Bob (August 1997). "The Pioneer's last stand". <i><a href="/wiki/Trains_(magazine)" title="Trains (magazine)">Trains</a></i>: 24–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=The+Pioneer%27s+last+stand&rft.pages=24-26&rft.date=1997-08&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016055802/http://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-amtrak-news-i-june-15-1977">"Pioneer Inaugural Run Brings Out The People"</a>. <i>Amtrak News 4 (11)</i>. June 15, 1977. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-amtrak-news-i-june-15-1977">the original</a> on October 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amtrak+News+4+%2811%29&rft.atitle=Pioneer+Inaugural+Run+Brings+Out+The+People&rft.date=1977-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.amtrak.com%2Farchives%2Fi-amtrak-news-i-june-15-1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2015" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Sven (July 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/community/boise/article41561154.html">"Idaho's Basque torch passes to Boise's mayor and the Bieter family"</a>. <i>Idaho Statesman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=Idaho%27s+Basque+torch+passes+to+Boise%27s+mayor+and+the+Bieter+family&rft.date=2015-07-18&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunity%2Fboise%2Farticle41561154.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2024" class="citation news cs1">Abbott, Ellen (August 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrvo.org/2024-08-14/syracuse-boise-now-sister-cities-connected-by-micron-investment-opportunities">"Syracuse, Boise now 'sister cities,' connected by Micron investment opportunities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WRVO" title="WRVO">WRVO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syracuse%2C+Boise+now+%27sister+cities%2C%27+connected+by+Micron+investment+opportunities&rft.date=2024-08-14&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrvo.org%2F2024-08-14%2Fsyracuse-boise-now-sister-cities-connected-by-micron-investment-opportunities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boise,_Idaho#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Boise, Idaho">Bibliography of the history of Boise, Idaho</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGibbon,_Elma1904" class="citation book cs1">MacGibbon, Elma (1904). <i>Leaves of knowledge</i>. Shaw & Borden Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaves+of+knowledge&rft.pub=Shaw+%26+Borden+Co&rft.date=1904&rft.au=MacGibbon%2C+Elma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoise%2C+Idaho" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=63">Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection</a> Elma MacGibbons reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington. Includes chapter "Boise, the capital of Idaho".</li> <li>Roger Weston: <i>The Recruiter</i>. Novel with sequences in Boise and Sun Valley Idaho.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boise,_Idaho" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boise#Q35775" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Boise">Boise</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bois%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boisé">Boisé</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboise.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boise.org">Boise Convention and Visitors Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boisechamber.org">Boise Area Chamber of Commerce</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Boise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boise,_Idaho" title="Template:Boise, Idaho"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boise,_Idaho" title="Template talk:Boise, Idaho"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boise,_Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boise, Idaho"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Boise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Boise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boise" title="Downtown Boise">Downtown Boise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_Art_Museum" title="Boise Art Museum">Boise Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Davis_Park" title="Julia Davis Park">Julia Davis Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Egyptian_Theatre_(Boise,_Idaho)" title="The Egyptian Theatre (Boise, Idaho)">The Egyptian Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_Capitol" title="Idaho State Capitol">Idaho State Capitol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_School_District" title="Boise School District">Boise School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley_Mathematics_and_Science_Center" title="Treasure Valley Mathematics and Science Center">TVMSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ada_School_District" title="West Ada School District">West Ada School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_High_School_(Idaho)" title="Centennial High School (Idaho)">Centennial HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_Airport" title="Boise Airport">Boise Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Ada_County,_Idaho,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Template:Ada County, Idaho"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Template talk:Ada County, Idaho"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ada County, Idaho"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Ada_County,_Idaho,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho"><span class="region">Ada County, Idaho</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Boise</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Idaho" title="Garden City, Idaho">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuna,_Idaho" title="Kuna, Idaho">Kuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star,_Idaho" title="Star, Idaho">Star</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Idaho highlighting Ada County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg/48px-Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg/73px-Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg/97px-Map_of_Idaho_highlighting_Ada_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="976" /></span><figcaption>Map of Idaho highlighting Ada County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avimor,_Idaho" title="Avimor, Idaho">Avimor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Springs,_Idaho" title="Hidden Springs, Idaho">Hidden Springs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owyhee,_Idaho" title="Owyhee, Idaho">Owyhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Falls,_Idaho" title="Swan Falls, Idaho">Swan Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Idaho_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Idaho (state)"><span>Idaho portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Treasure_Valley_in_western_Idaho_and_eastern_Oregon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Treasure_Valley" title="Template:Treasure Valley"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Treasure_Valley" title="Template talk:Treasure Valley"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Treasure_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Treasure Valley"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Treasure_Valley_in_western_Idaho_and_eastern_Oregon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Idaho</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett,_Idaho" title="Emmett, Idaho">Emmett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitland,_Idaho" title="Fruitland, Idaho">Fruitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homedale,_Idaho" title="Homedale, Idaho">Homedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuna,_Idaho" title="Kuna, Idaho">Kuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsing,_Idaho" title="Marsing, Idaho">Marsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melba,_Idaho" title="Melba, Idaho">Melba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Idaho" title="Middleton, Idaho">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth,_Idaho" title="New Plymouth, Idaho">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma,_Idaho" title="Parma, Idaho">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star,_Idaho" title="Star, Idaho">Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiser,_Idaho" title="Weiser, Idaho">Weiser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oregon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssa,_Oregon" title="Nyssa, Oregon">Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario,_Oregon" title="Ontario, Oregon">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale,_Oregon" title="Vale, Oregon">Vale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_University" title="Boise State University">Boise State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Idaho" title="College of Idaho">College of Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Nazarene_University" title="Northwest Nazarene University">Northwest Nazarene University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley_Community_College" title="Treasure Valley Community College">Treasure Valley Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Idaho" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Idaho_county_seats" title="Template:Idaho county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Idaho_county_seats" title="Template talk:Idaho county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Idaho" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council,_Idaho" title="Council, Idaho">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Bannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Idaho" title="Paris, Idaho">Bear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Maries,_Idaho" title="St. Maries, Idaho">Benewah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot,_Idaho" title="Blackfoot, Idaho">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailey,_Idaho" title="Hailey, Idaho">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_City,_Idaho" title="Idaho City, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpoint,_Idaho" title="Sandpoint, Idaho">Bonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonners_Ferry,_Idaho" title="Bonners Ferry, Idaho">Boundary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arco,_Idaho" title="Arco, Idaho">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Idaho" title="Fairfield, Idaho">Camas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_Springs,_Idaho" title="Soda Springs, Idaho">Caribou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burley,_Idaho" title="Burley, Idaho">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubois,_Idaho" title="Dubois, Idaho">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orofino,_Idaho" title="Orofino, Idaho">Clearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challis,_Idaho" title="Challis, Idaho">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home,_Idaho" title="Mountain Home, Idaho">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Idaho" title="Preston, Idaho">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony,_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony, Idaho">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett,_Idaho" title="Emmett, Idaho">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooding,_Idaho" title="Gooding, Idaho">Gooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangeville,_Idaho" title="Grangeville, Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigby,_Idaho" title="Rigby, Idaho">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome,_Idaho" title="Jerome, Idaho">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Kootenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho">Latah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon,_Idaho" title="Salmon, Idaho">Lemhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nezperce,_Idaho" title="Nezperce, Idaho">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone,_Idaho" title="Shoshone, Idaho">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexburg,_Idaho" title="Rexburg, Idaho">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_Idaho" title="Rupert, Idaho">Minidoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Nez Perce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malad_City,_Idaho" title="Malad City, Idaho">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy,_Idaho" title="Murphy, Idaho">Owyhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payette,_Idaho" title="Payette, Idaho">Payette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Falls,_Idaho" title="American Falls, Idaho">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace,_Idaho" title="Wallace, Idaho">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driggs,_Idaho" title="Driggs, Idaho">Teton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade,_Idaho" title="Cascade, Idaho">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiser,_Idaho" title="Weiser, Idaho">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Idaho" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Idaho" title="Template:Idaho"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Idaho" title="Template talk:Idaho"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Idaho"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Idaho" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State of <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Idaho" title="Outline of Idaho">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Idaho-related_articles" title="Index of Idaho-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Geography" title="Idaho">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Law_and_government" title="Idaho">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Idaho" title="United States congressional delegations from Idaho">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Idaho" title="List of governors of Idaho">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Idaho" title="History of Idaho">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Idaho_history" title="Bibliography of Idaho history">Bibliography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Idaho" title="Category:Images of Idaho">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Idaho" title="List of people from Idaho">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Idaho_state_symbols" title="List of Idaho state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Idaho" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Idaho">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Idaho" title="Abortion in Idaho">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Idaho" title="Climate change in Idaho">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime in Idaho">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Idaho" title="Culture of Idaho">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Demographics" title="Idaho">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Economy" title="Idaho">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Education" title="Idaho">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Idaho" title="Elections in Idaho">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Idaho" title="Gun laws in Idaho">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Idaho">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho#Politics" title="Idaho">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Idaho" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_Valley" title="Cache Valley">Cache Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Idaho" title="Central Idaho">Central Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau" title="Columbia Plateau">Columbia River Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Idaho" title="Eastern Idaho">Eastern Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Northwest" title="Inland Northwest">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Valley" title="Magic Valley">Magic Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Idaho" title="North Central Idaho">North Central Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Panhandle">Idaho Panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Idaho" title="Southern Idaho">Southern Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Idaho" title="Southwestern Idaho">Southwestern Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Range" title="Wasatch Range">Wasatch Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_River_Valley" title="Wood River Valley">Wood River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">Larger<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho" title="Nampa, Idaho">Nampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Idaho" title="Meridian, Idaho">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Idaho" title="Caldwell, Idaho">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls, Idaho">Twin Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Idaho" title="Lewiston, Idaho">Lewiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Falls,_Idaho" title="Post Falls, Idaho">Post Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexburg,_Idaho" title="Rexburg, Idaho"> Rexburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Idaho" title="Moscow, Idaho"> Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle,_Idaho" title="Eagle, Idaho"> Eagle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Idaho" title="List of cities in Idaho">Smaller<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuna,_Idaho" title="Kuna, Idaho">Kuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon,_Idaho" title="Ammon, Idaho">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chubbuck,_Idaho" title="Chubbuck, Idaho">Chubbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Home,_Idaho" title="Mountain Home, Idaho">Mountain Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden,_Idaho" title="Hayden, Idaho">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot,_Idaho" title="Blackfoot, Idaho">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Idaho" title="Garden City, Idaho">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome,_Idaho" title="Jerome, Idaho">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burley,_Idaho" title="Burley, Idaho">Burley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Idaho" title="List of counties in Idaho">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Ada County, Idaho">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Idaho" title="Adams County, Idaho">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_County,_Idaho" title="Bannock County, Idaho">Bannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_County,_Idaho" title="Bear Lake County, Idaho">Bear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benewah_County,_Idaho" title="Benewah County, Idaho">Benewah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingham_County,_Idaho" title="Bingham County, Idaho">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_County,_Idaho" title="Blaine County, Idaho">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise_County,_Idaho" title="Boise County, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonner_County,_Idaho" title="Bonner County, Idaho">Bonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_County,_Idaho" title="Bonneville County, Idaho">Bonneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundary_County,_Idaho" title="Boundary County, Idaho">Boundary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_Idaho" title="Butte County, Idaho">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camas_County,_Idaho" title="Camas County, Idaho">Camas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_County,_Idaho" title="Canyon County, Idaho">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribou_County,_Idaho" title="Caribou County, Idaho">Caribou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassia_County,_Idaho" title="Cassia County, Idaho">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Idaho" title="Clark County, Idaho">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_County,_Idaho" title="Clearwater County, Idaho">Clearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Idaho" title="Custer County, Idaho">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_County,_Idaho" title="Elmore County, Idaho">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Idaho" title="Franklin County, Idaho">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Idaho" title="Fremont County, Idaho">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gem_County,_Idaho" title="Gem County, Idaho">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooding_County,_Idaho" title="Gooding County, Idaho">Gooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_County,_Idaho" title="Idaho County, Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Idaho" title="Jefferson County, Idaho">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_County,_Idaho" title="Jerome County, Idaho">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kootenai_County,_Idaho" title="Kootenai County, Idaho">Kootenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latah_County,_Idaho" title="Latah County, Idaho">Latah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemhi_County,_Idaho" title="Lemhi County, Idaho">Lemhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Idaho" title="Lewis County, Idaho">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Idaho" title="Lincoln County, Idaho">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Idaho" title="Madison County, Idaho">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minidoka_County,_Idaho" title="Minidoka County, Idaho">Minidoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_County,_Idaho" title="Nez Perce County, Idaho">Nez Perce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_Idaho" title="Oneida County, Idaho">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owyhee_County,_Idaho" title="Owyhee County, Idaho">Owyhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payette_County,_Idaho" title="Payette County, Idaho">Payette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_County,_Idaho" title="Power County, Idaho">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone_County,_Idaho" title="Shoshone County, Idaho">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teton_County,_Idaho" title="Teton County, Idaho">Teton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Falls_County,_Idaho" title="Twin Falls County, Idaho">Twin Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_County,_Idaho" title="Valley County, Idaho">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Idaho" title="Washington County, Idaho">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/32px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/48px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/64px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Idaho" title="Portal:Idaho">Idaho portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <p><b>Nation:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> <p><b>States:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35775#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35775#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35775#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/236471349">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205276/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgtcWqJPhBpGrXP9WQH4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4268673-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79058767">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048285z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12048285z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Boise (Idaho)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1094653&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5078996">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561795205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0975b71a-995a-4f7b-a1c3-41e302ba4dc6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/196307112">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045542">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&oldid=1258831925">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&oldid=1258831925</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Ada County, Idaho">Ada County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boise,_Idaho" title="Category:Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Basque-American_history" title="Category:Basque-American history">Basque-American history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boise_metropolitan_area" title="Category:Boise metropolitan area">Boise metropolitan area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Idaho" title="Category:Cities in Idaho">Cities in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_seats_in_Idaho" title="Category:County seats in Idaho">County seats in Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1863" title="Category:Populated places established in 1863">Populated places established in 1863</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Ada_County,_Idaho" title="Category:Cities in Ada County, Idaho">Cities in Ada County, Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1863_establishments_in_Idaho_Territory" title="Category:1863 establishments in Idaho Territory">1863 establishments in Idaho Territory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="Category:State capitals in the United States">State capitals in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2018">Articles with dead external links from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2017">Articles with dead external links from August 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2024">Use mdy dates from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2019" title="Category:Use American English from January 2019">Use American English from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from September 2021">Articles to be expanded from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 21:48<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boise,_Idaho&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9j6r5","wgBackendResponseTime":227,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.957","walltime":"2.246","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18908,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":544477,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":34340,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":33,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":549800,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1834.796 1 -total"," 35.04% 642.827 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.80% 399.977 95 Template:Cite_web"," 16.54% 303.423 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 14.32% 262.716 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.71% 104.803 6 Template:Navbox"," 4.98% 91.292 2 Template:Lang"," 4.03% 73.954 1 Template:Boise,_Idaho"," 3.43% 63.021 1 Template:US_Census_population"," 3.21% 58.967 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.032","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28664965,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","220","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","7.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","7.3"],["chunk \u003CModule:Citation/CS1\u003E","60","5.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","3.6"],["safe_join \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:899\u003E","40","3.6"],["[others]","220","20.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-mwg8g","timestamp":"20241122140444","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Boise, Idaho","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boise,_Idaho","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35775","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q35775","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-08T11:22:36Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T21:48:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Boise%2C_Idaho_2021.jpg","headline":"city in and state capital of Idaho, United States"}</script> </body> </html>