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knockout lines</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: homologous knockout lines"> <meta name="keywords" content="homologous knockout lines"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="homologous knockout lines"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1253</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: homologous knockout lines</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1253</span> Defective Autophagy Leads to the Resistance to PP2 in ATG5 Knockout Cells Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Endonuclease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Hee%20Hwang">Sung-Hee Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Lee"> Michael Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upregulated Src activity has been implicated in a variety of cancers. Thus, Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK) inhibitors are often effective cancer treatments. Here, we investigate the role of autophagy in ATG5 knockout cell lines generated by the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas mediated genome editing. The CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that uses RNA–DNA complementarity to identify target sites for sequence specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) cleavage. Interestingly, ATG5 KO cells clearly showed a greater proliferation rate than WT NIH 3T3 cells, implying that autophagy induction is cytotoxic. Also, the clonogenic survival of ATG5 KO cells was greater than WT cells. The MTT assay revealed that the cytotoxic effect of PP2 was weaker on ATG5 knockout cells than that WT cells. The conversion of non-autophagic LC3-I to autophagic LC3-II and RT-PCR confirmed the functional gene knockout. Furthermore, Cyto-ID autophagy assay also revealed that PP2 failed to induce autophagy in ATG5 knockout cells. Together, our findings suggest that the resistance to PP2 in ATG5 knockout cells is associated with defective autophagy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATG5%20knockout" title="ATG5 knockout">ATG5 knockout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Autophagy" title=" Autophagy"> Autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title=" CRISPR/Cas9"> CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PP2" title=" PP2"> PP2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50124/defective-autophagy-leads-to-the-resistance-to-pp2-in-atg5-knockout-cells-generated-by-crispr-cas9-endonuclease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1252</span> Characterization of Fatty Acid Glucose Esters as Os9BGlu31 Transglucosidase Substrates in Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juthamath%20Komvongsa">Juthamath Komvongsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bancha%20Mahong"> Bancha Mahong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kannika%20Phasai"> Kannika Phasai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukanya%20Luang"> Sukanya Luang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Seong%20Jeon"> Jong-Seong Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Ketudat-Cairns"> James Ketudat-Cairns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Os9BGlu31 is a rice transglucosidase that transfers glucosyl moieties to various acceptors such as carboxylic acids and alcohols, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, in vitro. The role of Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase in rice plant metabolism has not been reported to date. Methanolic extracts of rice bran and flag leaves were found to contain substrates to which Os9BGlu31 could transfer glucose from 4-nitrophenyl β -D-glucopyranoside donor. The semi-purified substrate from rice bran was found to contain oleic acid and linoleic acid and the pure fatty acids were found to act as acceptor substrates for Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase to form 1-O-acyl glucose esters. Os9BGlu31 showed higher activity with oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2) than stearic acid (18:0), and had both higher kcat and higher Km for linoleic than oleic acid in the presence of 8 mM 4NPGlc donor. This transglucosidase reaction is reversible, Os9bglu31 knockout rice lines of flag leaves were found to have higher amounts of fatty acid glucose esters than wild type control lines, these data conclude that fatty acid glucose esters act as glucosyl donor substrates for Os9BGlu31 transglucosidase in rice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title="fatty acid">fatty acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid%20glucose%20ester" title=" fatty acid glucose ester"> fatty acid glucose ester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transglucosidase" title=" transglucosidase"> transglucosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20flag%20leaf" title=" rice flag leaf"> rice flag leaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines" title=" homologous knockout lines"> homologous knockout lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tandam%20mass%20spectrometry" title=" tandam mass spectrometry"> tandam mass spectrometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42160/characterization-of-fatty-acid-glucose-esters-as-os9bglu31-transglucosidase-substrates-in-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1251</span> Integration of Microarray Data into a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study Flux Distribution after Gene Knockout</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Heydari">Mona Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Motamedian"> Ehsan Motamedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abbas%20Shojaosadati"> Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prediction of perturbations after genetic manipulation (especially gene knockout) is one of the important challenges in systems biology. In this paper, a new algorithm is introduced that integrates microarray data into the metabolic model. The algorithm was used to study the change in the cell phenotype after knockout of Gss gene in Escherichia coli BW25113. Algorithm implementation indicated that gene deletion resulted in more activation of the metabolic network. Growth yield was more and less regulating gene were identified for mutant in comparison with the wild-type strain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20network" title="metabolic network">metabolic network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20knockout" title=" gene knockout"> gene knockout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20balance%20analysis" title=" flux balance analysis"> flux balance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microarray%20data" title=" microarray data"> microarray data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15750/integration-of-microarray-data-into-a-genome-scale-metabolic-model-to-study-flux-distribution-after-gene-knockout" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1250</span> ESDN Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment Coordinates Melanoma Progression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Coppo">Roberto Coppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Orso"> Francesca Orso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Dettori"> Daniela Dettori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Quaglino"> Elena Quaglino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Nie"> Lei Nie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20M.%20Sadeghi"> Mehran M. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Taverna"> Daniela Taverna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malignant melanoma is currently the fifth most common cancer in the white population and it is fatal in its metastatic stage. Several research studies in recent years have provided evidence that cancer initiation and progression are driven by genetic alterations of the tumor and paracrine interactions between tumor and microenvironment. Scattered data show that the Endothelial and Smooth muscle cell-Derived Neuropilin-like molecule (ESDN) controls cell proliferation and movement of stroma and tumor cells. To investigate the role of ESDN in the tumor microenvironment during melanoma progression, murine melanoma cells (B16 or B16-F10) were injected in ESDN knockout mice in order to evaluate how the absence of ESDN in stromal cells could influence melanoma progression. While no effect was found on primary tumor growth, increased cell extravasation and lung metastasis formation was observed in ESDN knockout mice compared to wild type controls. In order to understand how cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier during metastatic dissemination in an ESDN-null microenvironment, structure, and permeability of lung blood vessels were analyzed. Interestingly, ESDN knockout mice showed structurally altered and more permeable vessels compared to wild type animals. Since cell surface molecules mediate the process of tumor cell extravasation, the expression of a panel of extravasation-related ligands and receptors was analyzed. Importantly, modulations of N-cadherin, E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VAP-1 were observed in ESDN knockout endothelial cells, suggesting the presence of a favorable tumor microenvironment which facilitates melanoma cell extravasation and metastasis formation in the absence of ESDN. Furthermore, a potential contribution of immune cells in tumor dissemination was investigated. An increased recruitment of macrophages in the lungs of ESDN knockout mice carrying subcutaneous B16-F10 tumors was found. In conclusion, our data suggest a functional role of ESDN in the tumor microenvironment during melanoma progression and the identification of the mechanisms that regulate tumor cell extravasation could lead to the development of new therapies to reduce metastasis formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melanoma" title="melanoma">melanoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20microenvironment" title=" tumor microenvironment"> tumor microenvironment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extravasation" title=" extravasation"> extravasation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20surface%20molecules" title=" cell surface molecules"> cell surface molecules</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44830/esdn-expression-in-the-tumor-microenvironment-coordinates-melanoma-progression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1249</span> An Improved Method to Eliminate the Distortion of Terrain Relief in DEM Generation Using Contour Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RyongJin%20Ri">RyongJin Ri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SongChol%20Kim"> SongChol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SungIl%20Jon"> SungIl Jon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KyongIl%20Ji"> KyongIl Ji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> : In this paper, an improved algorithm is proposed to eliminate the distortion of terrain relief when generating DEMs from digitized contour lines in the area bounded by inflectional contour lines such as narrow and long mountain ridges or valleys. To this end, mountain ridge lines (valley lines) are extracted from the area, and the steepest slope segment is detected based on ridge or valley lines. After detecting the steepest slope segment, the elevation of the grid points is interpolated on the profile section using the cubic Hermit function. The experiment shows that the accuracy of the DEM of the terrain-distortionable region generated by the proposed method is improved significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title="DEM">DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contour%20lines" title=" contour lines"> contour lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ridge%20line" title=" ridge line"> ridge line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steepest%20slope%20segment" title=" steepest slope segment"> steepest slope segment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194164/an-improved-method-to-eliminate-the-distortion-of-terrain-relief-in-dem-generation-using-contour-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1248</span> Investigating the Role of Circular RNA GATAD2A on H1N1 Replication </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianqi%20Yu">Tianqi Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingnan%20Ding"> Yingnan Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yina%20Zhang"> Yina Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulan%20Liu"> Yulan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahui%20Li"> Yahui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Lei"> Jing Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiyong%20Zhou"> Jiyong Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suquan%20Song"> Suquan Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boli%20Hu"> Boli Hu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in various diseases. However, whether and how circular RNA regulates influenza A virus (IAV) infection is unknown. Here, we studied the role of circular RNA GATA Zinc Finger Domain Containing 2A (circ-GATAD2A) in the replication of IAV H1N1 in A549 cells. Circ-GATAD2A was formed upon H1N1 infection. Knockdown of circ-GATAD2A in A549 cells enhanced autophagy and inhibited H1N1 replication. By contrast, overexpression of circ-GATAD2A impaired autophagy and promoted H1N1 replication. Similarly, knockout of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34) blocked autophagy and increased H1N1 replication. However, the expression of circ-GATAD2A could not further enhance H1N1 replication in VPS34 knockout cells. Collectively, these data indicated that circ-GATAD2A promotes the replication of H1N1 by inhibiting autophagy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title="autophagy">autophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circ-GATAD2A" title=" circ-GATAD2A"> circ-GATAD2A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H1N1" title=" H1N1"> H1N1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replication" title=" replication"> replication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107831/investigating-the-role-of-circular-rna-gatad2a-on-h1n1-replication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1247</span> Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of a Tomato Solanum Lycopersicum STAYGREEN1 Null Line Generated Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Young%20Kim">Jin Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwon%20Kyoo%20Kang"> Kwon Kyoo Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The SGR1 (STAYGREEN1) protein is a critical regulator of plant leaves in chlorophyll degradation and senescence. The functions and mechanisms of tomato SGR1 action are poorly understood and worthy of further investigation. To investigate the function of the SGR1 gene, we generated a SGR1-knockout (KO) null line via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated gene editing and conducted RNA sequencing and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes. The SlSGR1 (Solanum lycopersicum SGR1) knockout null line clearly showed a turbid brown color with significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content compared to wild-type (WT) fruit. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 728 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and sgr1 #1-6 line, including 263 and 465 downregulated and upregulated genes, respectively, for which fold change was >2, and the adjusted p-value was <0.05. Most of the DEGs were related to photosynthesis and chloroplast function. In addition, the pigment, carotenoid changes in sgr1 #1-6 line was accumulated of key primary metabolites such as sucrose and its derivatives (fructose, galactinol, raffinose), glycolytic intermediates (glucose, G6P, Fru6P) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates (malate and fumarate). Taken together, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles of SGR1-KO lines presented here provide evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of SGR1 and molecular pathways involved in chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title="tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title=" CRISPR/Cas9"> CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=null%20line" title=" null line"> null line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-sequencing" title=" RNA-sequencing"> RNA-sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolite%20profiling" title=" metabolite profiling"> metabolite profiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159361/transcriptome-and-metabolome-analysis-of-a-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-staygreen1-null-line-generated-using-clustered-regularly-interspaced-short-palindromic-repeatscas9-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1246</span> Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Six-Lines Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandni%20Rani">Chandni Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Tiwari"> S. D. Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ferrihydrite is one of the distinct minerals in the family of oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides of iron. It is a nanocrystalline material. It occurs naturally in different sediments, soil systems and also found in the core of ferritin, an iron storage protien. This material can also be synthesized by suitable chemical methods in laboratories. This is known as less crystalline Iron (III) Oxyhydroxide. Due to its poor crystallinity, there are very broad peaks in x-ray diffraction. Depending on the number of peaks in x-ray diffraction pattern, it is classified as two lines and six lines ferrihydrite. The average crystallite size for these two forms is found to be about 2nm to 5nm. The exact crystal structure of this system is still under debate. Out of these two forms, the six lines ferrihydrite is more ordered in comparison to two lines ferrihydrite. The magnetic behavior of two lines ferrihydrite nanoparticles is somewhat well studied. But the magnetic behavior of six lines ferrihydrite nanoparticles could not attract the attention of researchers much. This motivated us to work on the magnetic properties of six lines ferrihydrite nanoparticles. In this work, we present synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic behavior of 5 nm six lines ferrihydrite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope are used for structural characterization of this system. Magnetization measurements are performed to fit the data at different temperatures. Then the effect of magnetic moment distribution is also found. All these observations are discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetism" title=" magnetism"> magnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superparamagnetism" title=" superparamagnetism"> superparamagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20anisotropy" title=" magnetic anisotropy"> magnetic anisotropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59175/synthesis-and-magnetic-properties-of-six-lines-ferrihydrite-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1245</span> Analysis and Improvement of Efficiency for Food Processing Assembly Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Savsar">Mehmet Savsar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several factors affect productivity of Food Processing Assembly Lines (FPAL). Engineers and line managers usually do not recognize some of these factors and underutilize their production/assembly lines. In this paper, a special food processing assembly line is studied in detail, and procedures are presented to illustrate how productivity and efficiency of such lines can be increased. The assembly line considered produces ten different types of freshly prepared salads on the same line, which is called mixed model assembly line. Problems causing delays and inefficiencies on the line are identified. Line balancing and related tools are used to increase line efficiency and minimize balance delays. The procedure and the approach utilized in this paper can be useful for the operation managers and industrial engineers dealing with similar assembly lines in food processing industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assembly%20lines" title="assembly lines">assembly lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20balancing" title=" line balancing"> line balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20efficiency" title=" production efficiency"> production efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottleneck" title=" bottleneck"> bottleneck</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68271/analysis-and-improvement-of-efficiency-for-food-processing-assembly-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1244</span> Over Expression of Mapk8ip3 Patient Variants in Zebrafish to Establish a Spectrum of Phenotypes in a Rare-Neurodevelopmental Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinnsley%20Travis">Kinnsley Travis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camerron%20M.%20Crowder"> Camerron M. Crowder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mapk8ip3 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 Interacting Protein 3) is a gene that codes for the JIP3 protein, which is a part of the JIP scaffolding protein family. This protein is involved in axonal vesicle transport, elongation and regeneration. Variants in the Mapk8ip3 gene are associated with a rare-genetic condition that results in a neurodevelopmental disorder that can cause a range of phenotypes including global developmental delay and intellectual disability. Currently, there are 18 known individuals diagnosed to have sequenced confirmed Mapk8ip3 genetic disorders. This project focuses on examining the impact of a subset of missense patient variants on the Jip3 protein function by overexpressing the mRNA of these variants in a zebrafish knockout model for Jip3. Plasmids containing cDNA with individual missense variants were reverse transcribed, purified, and injected into single-cell zebrafish embryos (Wild Type, Jip3 -/+, and Jip3 -/-). At 6-days post mRNA microinjection, morphological, behavioral, and microscopic phenotypes were examined in zebrafish larvae. Morphologically, we compared the size and shape of the zebrafish during their development over a 5-day period. Total locomotive activity was assessed using the Microtracker assay and patterns of movement over time were examined using the DanioVision assay. Lastly, we used confocal microscopy to examine sensory axons for swelling and shortened length, which are phenotypes observed in the loss-of-function knockout Jip3 zebrafish model. Using these assays during embryonic development, we determined the impact of various missense variants on Jip3 protein function, compared to knockout and wild-type zebrafish embryo models. Variants in the gene Mapk8ip3 cause rare-neurodevelopmental disorders due to an essential role in axonal vesicle transport, elongation and regeneration. A subset of missense variants was examined by overexpressing the mRNA of these variants in a Jip3 knock-out zebrafish. Morphological, behavioral, and microscopic phenotypes were examined in zebrafish larvae. Using these assays, the spectrum of disorders can be phenotypically determined and the impact of variant location can be compared to knockout and wild-type zebrafish embryo models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20disease" title="rare disease">rare disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodevelopmental%20disorders" title=" neurodevelopmental disorders"> neurodevelopmental disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mrna%20overexpression" title=" mrna overexpression"> mrna overexpression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zebrafish%20research" title=" zebrafish research"> zebrafish research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154287/over-expression-of-mapk8ip3-patient-variants-in-zebrafish-to-establish-a-spectrum-of-phenotypes-in-a-rare-neurodevelopmental-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1243</span> Reaction of Nine Candidate Wheat Lines/Mutants against Leaf Rust: Lodging and Aphid Population under Field Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mohsan">Muhammad Mohsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehboob%20Ur-Rahman"> Mehboob Ur-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Zulfiqar"> Sana Zulfiqar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shumila%20Ashfaq"> Shumila Ashfaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brown Rust (Puccinia triticina), also known as leaf rust, pose a serious threat to wheat cultivation in the world. Nine candidate wheat lines/mutants were subjected to rust inoculation, lodging and aphid population in vivo conditions. Four lines/mutants (E-284, E-505, 2008-6 MR and 2008-14MR) were found resistant to leaf rust attack. Two lines (PGMB 15-29 and 2011-1 MR) displayed moderately resistant reactions against the disease. Three lines/mutants were depicted as susceptible to leaf rust. The lowest population of aphids, i.e., 16.67, was observed on 2008-14MR. Three lines/mutants (NN1-47, NN1-89 and PGMB 15-29) were found under zero level of lodging. The presence and absence of different leaf rust-resistant genes like Lr13, Lr34, Lr46 and Lr67 were assessed with the help of molecular markers. All the wheat lines/mutants were found loaded with leaf rust-resistant genes such as Lr13 and Lr 34, while Lr46 and Lr67 were found in 66% of wheat lines/mutants. The resistant source can be exploited in the breeding program to develop rust, aphid and lodging with race-nonspecific resistant wheat variety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title="wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20rust" title=" leaf rust"> leaf rust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lodging" title=" lodging"> lodging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphid" title=" aphid"> aphid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162424/reaction-of-nine-candidate-wheat-linesmutants-against-leaf-rust-lodging-and-aphid-population-under-field-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1242</span> Conversion of HVAC Lines into HVDC in Transmission Expansion Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20P.%20Novoa">Juan P. Novoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20A.%20Rios"> Mario A. Rios</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a transmission planning methodology that considers the conversion of HVAC transmission lines to HVDC as an alternative of expansion of power systems, as a consequence of restrictions for the construction of new lines. The transmission expansion planning problem formulates an optimization problem that minimizes the total cost that includes the investment cost to convert lines from HVAC to HVDC and possible required reinforcements of the power system prior to the conversion. The costs analysis assesses the impact of the conversion on the reliability because transmission lines are out of service during the conversion work. The presented methodology is applied to a test system considering a planning a horizon of 10 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20expansion%20planning" title="transmission expansion planning">transmission expansion planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC" title=" HVDC"> HVDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20optimization" title=" cost optimization"> cost optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20non-supplied" title=" energy non-supplied"> energy non-supplied</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58165/conversion-of-hvac-lines-into-hvdc-in-transmission-expansion-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1241</span> The Operating Behaviour of Unbalanced Unpaced Merging Assembly Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shaaban">S. Shaaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20McNamara"> T. McNamara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hudson"> S. Hudson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on the performance of deliberately unbalanced, reliable, non-automated and assembly lines that merge, whose workstations differ in terms of their mean operation times. Simulations are carried out on 5- and 8-station lines with 1, 2 and 4 buffer capacity units, % degrees of line imbalance of 2, 5 and 12, and 24 different patterns of means imbalance. Data on two performance measures, namely throughput and average buffer level were gathered, statistically analysed and compared to a merging balanced line counterpart. It was found that the best configurations are a balanced line arrangement and a monotone decreasing order for each of the parallel merging lines, with the first generally resulting in a lower throughput and the second leading to a lower average buffer level than those of a balanced line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20buffer%20level" title="average buffer level">average buffer level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merging%20lines" title=" merging lines"> merging lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced" title=" unbalanced"> unbalanced</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42374/the-operating-behaviour-of-unbalanced-unpaced-merging-assembly-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1240</span> Farmer-Participatory Variety Trials for Tomato and Chili Pepper in East Java</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanik%20Anggraeni">Hanik Anggraeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evy%20Latifah"> Evy Latifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putu%20Bagus"> Putu Bagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joko%20Mariyono"> Joko Mariyono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to test the adaptation capacity of several selected lines and varieties of chili and tomato in farmers’ lands. Five improved lines and varieties of tomato and chili were selected based on the best performance in previous trials. Two participating farmers managed the trials. Agronomic aspects were used as performance indicators. The results show that several improved lines of tomato and chili performed better than others. However, the performance was dependent on the altitude and season. Lines performed better and high altitude could not do the same in low altitude, and vice versa. This is the same case as different season. Farmers were expected to select the best lines according to the locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variety%20trials" title="variety trials">variety trials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20and%20chili" title=" tomato and chili"> tomato and chili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20farmers" title=" participatory farmers"> participatory farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20Java" title=" East Java"> East Java</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73832/farmer-participatory-variety-trials-for-tomato-and-chili-pepper-in-east-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1239</span> Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism and Obesity Modulation by Caspase-1/11 and nlrp3 Inflammasome in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%ADvia%20Pimentel%20Sant%27ana%20Dourado">Lívia Pimentel Sant'ana Dourado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20Das%20Neves%20Almeida"> Raquel Das Neves Almeida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADs%20Henrique%20Costa%20Corr%C3%AAa%20Neto"> Luís Henrique Costa Corrêa Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayara%20Soares"> Nayara Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%20Grace%20Magalh%C3%A3es"> Kelly Grace Magalhães</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Obesity and high-fat diet intake have a crucial impact on immune cells and inflammatory profile, highlighting an emerging realization that obesity is an inflammatory disease. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the role of caspase-1/11 and NLRP3 inflammasome in the establishment of mice obesity and modulation of inflammatory lipid metabolism induced by high fat diet intake. Methods and results: Wild type, caspase-1/11 and NLRP3 knockout mice were fed with standard fat diet (SFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. The weight of animals was measured weekly to monitor the weight gain. After 90 days, the blood, peritoneal lavage cells, heart and liver were collected from mice studied here. Cytokines were measured in serum by ELISA and analyzed in spectrophotometry. Lipid antigen presentation molecule CD1d expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid droplets biogenesis were analyzed in cells from mice peritoneal cavity by flow cytometry. Liver histopathology was performed for morphological evaluation of the organ. The absence of caspase-1/11, but not NLRP3, in mice fed with HFD favored the mice weight gain, increased liver size, induced development of hepatic steatosis and IL-12 secretion in mice compared to mice fed with SFD. In addition, caspase-1/11 knockout mice fed with HFD presented an increased CD1d molecule expression, as well as higher levels of lipid droplets biogenesis and ROS generation compared to wild type mice also fed with HFD. Conclusion: Our data suggest that caspase-1/11 knockout mice have greater susceptibility to obesity as well as increased activation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspase%201" title="caspase 1">caspase 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspase%2011" title=" caspase 11"> caspase 11</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflamassome" title=" inflamassome"> inflamassome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58314/molecular-mechanisms-of-lipid-metabolism-and-obesity-modulation-by-caspase-111-and-nlrp3-inflammasome-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1238</span> A Protein-Wave Alignment Tool for Frequency Related Homologies Identification in Polypeptide Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Prevost">Victor Prevost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solene%20Landerneau"> Solene Landerneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Duhamel"> Michel Duhamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Sternheimer"> Joel Sternheimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Gallet"> Olivier Gallet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Ferrandiz"> Pedro Ferrandiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20Mokni"> Marwa Mokni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search for homologous proteins is one of the ongoing challenges in biology and bioinformatics. Traditionally, a pair of proteins is thought to be homologous when they originate from the same ancestral protein. In such a case, their sequences share similarities, and advanced scientific research effort is spent to investigate this question. On this basis, we propose the Protein-Wave Alignment Tool (”P-WAT”) developed within the framework of the France Relance 2030 plan. Our work takes into consideration the mass-related wave aspect of protein biosynthesis, by associating specific frequencies to each amino acid according to its mass. Amino acids are then regrouped within their mass category. This way, our algorithm produces specific alignments in addition to those obtained with a common amino acid coding system. For this purpose, we develop the ”P-WAT” original algorithm, able to address large protein databases, with different attributes such as species, protein names, etc. that allow us to align user’s requests with a set of specific protein sequences. The primary intent of this algorithm is to achieve efficient alignments, in this specific conceptual frame, by minimizing execution costs and information loss. Our algorithm identifies sequence similarities by searching for matches of sub-sequences of different sizes, referred to as primers. Our algorithm relies on Boolean operations upon a dot plot matrix to identify primer amino acids common to both proteins which are likely to be part of a significant alignment of peptides. From those primers, dynamic programming-like traceback operations generate alignments and alignment scores based on an adjusted PAM250 matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title="protein">protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment" title=" alignment"> alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous" title=" homologous"> homologous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Genodic" title=" Genodic"> Genodic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155064/a-protein-wave-alignment-tool-for-frequency-related-homologies-identification-in-polypeptide-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1237</span> Consideration of Magnetic Lines of Force as Magnets Produced by Percussion Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20P%C3%A9rez%20S%C3%A1nchez">Angel Pérez Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Consider magnetic lines of force as a vector magnetic current was introduced by convention around 1830. But this leads to a dead end in traditional physics, and quantum explanations must be referred to explain the magnetic phenomenon. However, a study of magnetic lines as percussive waves leads to other paths capable of interpreting magnetism through traditional physics. Methodology: Brick used in the experiment: two parallel electric current cables attract each other if current goes in the same direction and its application at a microscopic level inside magnets. Significance: Consideration of magnetic lines as magnets themselves would mean a paradigm shift in the study of magnetism and open the way to provide solutions to mysteries of magnetism until now only revealed by quantum mechanics. Major findings: discover how a magnetic field is created, as well as reason how magnetic attraction and repulsion work, understand how magnets behave when splitting them, and reveal the impossibility of a Magnetic Monopole. All of this is presented as if it were a symphony in which all the notes fit together perfectly to create a beautiful, smart, and simple work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20lines%20of%20force" title="magnetic lines of force">magnetic lines of force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20attraction%20and%20repulsion" title=" magnetic attraction and repulsion"> magnetic attraction and repulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnet%20split" title=" magnet split"> magnet split</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20monopole" title=" magnetic monopole"> magnetic monopole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20lines%20of%20force%20as%20magnets" title=" magnetic lines of force as magnets"> magnetic lines of force as magnets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20lines%20of%20force%20as%20waves" title=" magnetic lines of force as waves"> magnetic lines of force as waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172916/consideration-of-magnetic-lines-of-force-as-magnets-produced-by-percussion-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1236</span> A Model for Analysis the Induced Voltage of 115 kV On-Line Acting on Neighboring 22 kV Off-Line</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakhon%20Woothipatanapan">Sakhon Woothipatanapan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surasit%20Prakobkit"> Surasit Prakobkit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a model for analysis the induced voltage of transmission lines (energized) acting on neighboring distribution lines (de-energized). From environmental restrictions, 22 kV distribution lines need to be installed under 115 kV transmission lines. With the installation of the two parallel circuits like this, they make the induced voltage which can cause harm to operators. This work was performed with the ATP-EMTP modeling to analyze such phenomenon before field testing. Simulation results are used to find solutions to prevent danger to operators who are on the pole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20system" title="transmission system">transmission system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title=" distribution system"> distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20voltage" title=" induced voltage"> induced voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-line%20operation" title=" off-line operation"> off-line operation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5933/a-model-for-analysis-the-induced-voltage-of-115-kv-on-line-acting-on-neighboring-22-kv-off-line" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1235</span> The Microwave and Far Infrared Spectra of Acetaldehyde-d1 in vt=2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Larrousi">A. Larrousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Elkeurti"> M. Elkeurti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Amara"> K. Amara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zemouli"> M. Zemouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20H.%20Coudert"> L. H. Coudert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20R.%20Medvedev"> I. R. Medvedev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20C.%20De%20Lucia"> F. C. De Lucia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsuko%20Maeda"> Atsuko Maeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20W.%20C.%20McKellar"> R. W. C. McKellar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Appadoo"> D. Appadoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental and theoretical investigations of the microwave and far infrared spectra of CH3COD are reported. Two hundred twelve lines were identified in the far infrared spectrum recorded using the Canadian synchrotron radiation light source. Two thousand one hundred and sixty-eight lines in vt=0,1 and 216 in vt=2 have been measured in the microwave spectrum obtained using the fast scan submillimeter spectroscopic technique. A global analysis of the new data and of already available microwave lines has been carried out and yielded values for rotation–torsion parameters. The unitless weighted standard deviation of the fit is 1.6. 46 parameters and 216 lines were identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH3COD" title="CH3COD">CH3COD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion" title=" torsion"> torsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20microwave%20spectra" title=" the microwave spectra"> the microwave spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=far%20infrared%20spectra%20high%20resolution" title=" far infrared spectra high resolution"> far infrared spectra high resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18891/the-microwave-and-far-infrared-spectra-of-acetaldehyde-d1-in-vt2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1234</span> Regulation of SHP-2 Activity by Small Molecules for the Treatment of T Cell-Mediated Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Xu">Qiang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingxin%20Wu"> Xingxin Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjie%20Guo"> Wenjie Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingqi%20Wang"> Xingqi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Sun"> Yang Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renxiang%20Tan"> Renxiang Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phosphatase SHP-2 is known to exert regulatory activities on cytokine receptor signaling and the dysregulation of SHP-2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Here we report several small molecule regulators of SHP-2 for the treatment of T cell-mediated diseases. The new cyclodepsipeptide trichomides A, isolated from the fermentation products of Trichothecium roseum, increased the phosphorylation of SHP-2 in activated T cells, and ameliorated contact dermatitis in mice. The trichomides A’s effects were significantly reversed by using the SHP-2-specific inhibitor PHPS1 or T cell-conditional SHP-2 knockout mice. Another compound is a cerebroside Fusaruside isolated from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. IFB-121. Fusaruside also triggered the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2, which provided a possible mean of selectively targeting STAT1 for the treatment of Th1 cell-mediated inflammation and led to the discovery of the non-phosphatase-like function of SHP-2. Namely, the Fusaruside-activated pY-SHP-2 selectively sequestrated the cytosolic STAT1 to prevent its recruitment to IFN-R, which contributed to the improvement of experimental colitis in mice. Blocking the pY-SHP-2-STAT1 interaction, with SHP-2 inhibitor NSC-87877 or using T cells from conditional SHP-2 knockout mice, reversed the effects of fusaruside. Furthermore, the fusaruside’s effect is independent of the phosphatase activity of SHP-2, demonstrating a novel role for SHP-2 in regulating STAT1 signaling and Th1-type immune responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHP-2" title="SHP-2">SHP-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20molecules" title=" small molecules"> small molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%20cell" title=" T cell"> T cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%20cell-mediated%20diseases" title=" T cell-mediated diseases"> T cell-mediated diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29058/regulation-of-shp-2-activity-by-small-molecules-for-the-treatment-of-t-cell-mediated-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1233</span> Magnetic Lines of Force and Diamagnetism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20P%C3%A9rez%20S%C3%A1nchez">Angel Pérez Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnet attraction or repulsion is not a product of a strange force from afar but comes from anchored lines of force inside the magnet as if it were reinforced concrete since you can move a small block by taking the steel rods that protrude from its interior. This approach serves as a basis for studying the behavior of diamagnetic materials. The significance of this study is to unify all diamagnetic phenomena: Movement of grapes, cooper approaching a magnet, Magnet levitation, etc., with a single explanation for all these phenomena. The method followed has consisted of observation of hundreds of diamagnetism experiments (in copper, aluminum, grapes, tomatoes, and bismuth), including the creation of own and new experiments and application of logical deduction product of these observations. Approaching a magnet to a hanging grape, Diamagnetism seems to consist not only of a slight repulsion but also of a slight attraction at a small distance. Replacing the grapes with a copper sphere, it behaves like the grape, pushing and pulling a nearby magnet. Diamagnetism could be redefined in the following way: There are materials that don't magnetize their internal structure when approaching a magnet, as ferromagnetic materials do. But they do allow magnetic lines of force to run through its interior, enhancing them without creating their own lines of force. Magnet levitates on superconducting ceramics because magnet gives lines near poles a force superior to what a superconductor can enhance these lines. Little further from the magnet, enhancing of lines by the superconductor is greater than the strength provided by the magnet due to the distance from the magnet's pole. It is this point that defines the magnet's levitation band. The anchoring effect of lines is what ultimately keeps the magnet and superconductor at a certain distance. The magnet seeks to levitate the area in which magnetic lines are stronger near de magnet's poles. Pouring ferrofluid into a magnet, lines of force are observed coming out of the poles. On other occasions, diamagnetic materials simply enhance the lines they receive without moving their position since their own weight is greater than the strength of the enhanced lines. (This is the case with grapes and copper). Magnet and diamagnetic materials look for a place where the lines of force are most enhanced, and this is at a small distance. Once the ideal distance is established, they tend to keep it by pushing or pulling on each other. At a certain distance from the magnet: the power exerted by diamagnetic materials is greater than the force of lines in the vicinity of the magnet's poles. All Diamagnetism phenomena: copper, aluminum, grapes, tomatoes, bismuth levitation, and magnet levitation on superconducting ceramics can now be explained with the support of magnetic lines of force. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamagnetism" title="diamagnetism">diamagnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20levitation" title=" magnetic levitation"> magnetic levitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20lines%20of%20force" title=" magnetic lines of force"> magnetic lines of force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancing%20magnetic%20lines" title=" enhancing magnetic lines"> enhancing magnetic lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163614/magnetic-lines-of-force-and-diamagnetism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1232</span> Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Electric and Magnetic Fields Behavior in the Vicinity of High-Voltage Power Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tourab%20Wafa">Tourab Wafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemamcha%20Mohamed"> Nemamcha Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babouri%20Abdessalem"> Babouri Abdessalem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper consists on an experimental and analytical characterization of the electromagnetic environment in the in the medium surrounding a circuit of two 220 Kv power lines running in parallel. The analysis presented in this paper is divided into two main parts. The first part concerns the experimental study of the behavior of the electric field and magnetic field generated by the selected double-circuit at ground level (0 m). While the second part simulate and calculate the fields profiles generated by the both lines at different levels above the ground, from (0 m) to the level close to the lines conductors (20 m above the ground) using the electrostatic and magneto-static modules of the COMSOL multi-physics software. The implications of the results are discussed and compared with the ICNIRP reference levels for occupational and non occupational exposures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HV%20power%20lines" title="HV power lines">HV power lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20frequency%20electromagnetic%20fields" title=" low frequency electromagnetic fields"> low frequency electromagnetic fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20compatibility" title=" electromagnetic compatibility"> electromagnetic compatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductive%20and%20capacitive%20coupling" title=" inductive and capacitive coupling"> inductive and capacitive coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22336/experimental-and-theoretical-study-of-the-electric-and-magnetic-fields-behavior-in-the-vicinity-of-high-voltage-power-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1231</span> Feature Evaluation and Applications of Various Advanced Conductors with High Conductivity and Low Flash in Overhead Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Pourshafie">Atefeh Pourshafie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoun%20Bakhtiari"> Homayoun Bakhtiari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In power transmission lines, electricity conductors are main tools to carry electric power. Thus, other devices such as shield wires, insulators, towers, foundations etc. should be designed in a way that the conductors be able to successfully do their task which is appropriate power delivery to the customers. Non-stop increase of energy demand has led to saturated capacity of transmission lines which, in turn, causing line flash to exceed acceptable limits in some points. An approach which may be used to solve this issue is replacement of current conductors with new ones having the capability of withstanding higher heating such that reduced flash would be observed when heating increases. These novel conductors are able to transfer higher currents and operate in higher heating conditions while line flash will remain within standard limits. In this paper, we will attempt to introduce three types of advanced overhead conductors and analyze the replacement of current conductors by new ones technically and economically in transmission lines. In this regard, progressive conductors of transmission lines are introduced such as ACC (Aluminum Conductor Composite Core), AAAC-UHC (Ultra High Conductivity, All Aluminum Alloy Conductors), and G(Z)TACSR-Gap Type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACC" title="ACC">ACC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AAAC-UHC" title=" AAAC-UHC"> AAAC-UHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20type" title=" gap type"> gap type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20lines" title=" transmission lines"> transmission lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52730/feature-evaluation-and-applications-of-various-advanced-conductors-with-high-conductivity-and-low-flash-in-overhead-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1230</span> Effect of Auraptene on the Enzymatic Glutathione Redox-System in Nrf2 Knockout Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20A.%20Gavriliuc">Ludmila A. Gavriliuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20McLarty"> Jerry McLarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20E.%20Kleiner"> Heather E. Kleiner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Michael%20Mathis"> J. Michael Mathis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract -- Background: The citrus coumarine Auraptene (Aur) is an effective chemopreventive agent, as manifested in many models of diseases and cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is an important regulator of genes induced by oxidative stress, such as glutathione S-transferases, heme oxygenase-1, and peroxiredoxin 1, by activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). Genetic and biochemical evidence has demonstrated that glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidases (GPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are responsible for the control of intracellular reduction-oxidation status and participate in cellular adaptation to oxidative stress. The effect of Aur on the activity of GR, GPs (Se-GP and Se-iGP), and content of GSH in the liver, kidney, and spleen is insufficiently explored. Aim: Our goal was the examination of the Aur influence on the redox-system of GSH in Nrf2 wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice via activation of Nrf2 and ARE. Methods: Twenty female mice, 10 Nrf2 wild-type (WT) and 10 Nrf2 (-/-) knockout (KO), were bred and genotyped for our study. The activity of GR, Se-GP, Se-iGP, GST, G6PD, CytP450 reductase, catalase (Cat), and content of GSH were analyzed in the liver, kidney, and spleen using Spectrophotometry methods. The results of the specific activity of enzymes and the amount of GSH were analyzed with ANOVA and Spearman statistical methods. Results: Aur (200 mg/kg) treatment induced hepatic GST, GR, Se-GP activity and inhibited their activity in the spleen of mice, most likely via activation of the ARE through Nrf2. Activation in kidney Se-GP and G6PD by Aur is also controlled, apparently through Nrf2. Results of the non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis indicated the strong positive correlation between GR and G6PD only in the liver in WT control mice (r=+0.972; p < 0.005) and in the kidney KO control mice (r=+0.958; p < 0.005). The observed low content of GSH in the liver of KO mice indicated an increase in its participation in the neutralization of toxic substances with the absence of induction of GSH-dependent enzymes, such as GST, GR, Se-GP, and Se-iGP. Activation of CytP450 in kidney and spleen and Cat in the liver in KO mice probably revealed another regulatory mechanism for these enzymes. Conclusion: Thereby, obtained results testify that Aur can modulate the activity of genes and antioxidant enzymatic redox-system of GSH, responsible for the control of intracellular reduction-oxidation status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auraptene" title="auraptene">auraptene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione" title=" glutathione"> glutathione</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GST" title=" GST"> GST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nrf2" title=" Nrf2"> Nrf2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133552/effect-of-auraptene-on-the-enzymatic-glutathione-redox-system-in-nrf2-knockout-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1229</span> Evaluation of Immune Responses of Gamma-Irradiated, Electron Beam Irradiated FMD Virus Type O/IRN/2007 Vaccines and DNA Vaccine- Based on the VP1 Gene by a Prime-Boost Strategy in a Mouse Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farahnaz%20Motamedi%20Sedeh">Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoon%20Mahravani"> Homayoon Mahravani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Shawrang"> Parvin Shawrang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Behgar"> Mehdi Behgar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most countries use inactivated binary ethylenimine (BEI) vaccines to control and prevent Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). However, this vaccine induces a short-term humoral immune response in animals. This study investigated the cellular and humoral immune responses in homologous and prime-boost (PB) groups in the BALB/c mouse model. FMDV strain O/IRN/1/2007 was propagated in the BHK-21 cell line and inactivated by three methods, including a chemical with BEI to produce a conventional vaccine (CV), a gamma irradiation vaccine (GIV), and an electron irradiated vaccine (EIV). Three vaccines were formulated with the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide gel. In addition, a DNA vaccine was prepared by amplifying the virus VP1 gene pcDNA3.1 plasmid. In addition, the plasmid encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene (GM-CSF) was used as a molecular adjuvant. Eleven groups of five mice each were selected, and the vaccines were administered as homologous and heterologous strategy prime-boost (PB) in three doses two weeks apart. After the evaluation of neutralizing antibodies, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and MTT assays were compared in the different groups. The pcDNA3.1+VP1 cassette was prepared and confirmed as a DNA vaccine. The virus was inactivated by gamma rays and electron beams at 50 and 55 kGy as GIV and EIV, respectively. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation in the inactivated vaccinated homologous groups was significantly lower (P≤0.05) compared with the heterologous prime-boosts (PB1, PB2, PB3) and DNA + GM-CSF groups (P≤0.05). The highest SNT titer was observed in the inactivated vaccine groups. IFN-γ and IL-2 were higher in the vaccinated groups. It was found that although there was a protective humoral immune response in the groups with inactivated vaccine, there was adequate cellular immunity in the group with the DNA vaccine. However, the strongest cellular and humoral immunity was observed in the PB groups. The primary injection was accompanied by DNA vaccine + GM-CSF and boosted injection with GIV or CV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20and%20mouth%20disease" title="foot and mouth disease">foot and mouth disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiated%20vaccine" title=" irradiated vaccine"> irradiated vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20responses" title=" immune responses"> immune responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20vaccine" title=" DNA vaccine"> DNA vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prime%20boost%20strategy" title=" prime boost strategy"> prime boost strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193142/evaluation-of-immune-responses-of-gamma-irradiated-electron-beam-irradiated-fmd-virus-type-oirn2007-vaccines-and-dna-vaccine-based-on-the-vp1-gene-by-a-prime-boost-strategy-in-a-mouse-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1228</span> TCTN2 Maintains the Transition Zone Stability and Controls the Entrance of the Ciliary Membrane Protein into Primary Cilia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rueyhung%20Weng">Rueyhung Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-En%20Huang"> Chia-En Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Chi-Liao"> Jung-Chi-Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transition zone (TZ) serves as a diffusion barrier to regulate the ins and outs of the proteins recruited to the primary cilia. TCTN2 is one of the TZ proteins and its mutation causes Joubert syndrome, a serious multi-organ disease. Despite its important medical relevance, the functions of TCTN2 remain elusive. Here we created a TCTN2 gene deleted retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE1) using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technique and used this knockout line to reveal roles of TCTN2. TCTN2 knockout RPE1 cells displayed a significantly reduced ciliogenesis or a shortened primary cilium length in the cilium-remaining population. Intraflagellar transport protein IFT88 aberrantly accumulated at the tip of TCTN2 deficient cells. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Arl13B was mostly absent from the ciliary compartment, with a small population localizing at the ciliary tip. The deficient TZ was corroborated with the mislocalization of two other TZ proteins TMEM67 and MKS1. In addition, TCTN2 deficiency induced TZ impairment led to the suppression of Sonic hedgehog signaling in response to Smoothened (Smo) agonist. Together, depletion of TCTN2 destabilizes other TZ proteins and considerably alters the localization of key transport and signaling-associated proteins, including IFT88, Arl13B, and Smo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title="CRISPR/Cas9">CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20cilia" title=" primary cilia"> primary cilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonic%20hedgehog%20signaling" title=" Sonic hedgehog signaling"> Sonic hedgehog signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20zone" title=" transition zone"> transition zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44840/tctn2-maintains-the-transition-zone-stability-and-controls-the-entrance-of-the-ciliary-membrane-protein-into-primary-cilia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1227</span> 2023 Targets of the Republic of Turkey State Railways</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hicran%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1kel">Hicran Açıkel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%BCseyin%20Arak"> Hüseyin Arak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ali%20A%C3%A7%C4%B1kel"> D. Ali Açıkel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Train or high-speed train is a land transportation vehicle, which is safe and offers passengers flight-like comfort while it is preferred for busy lines with respect to passengers. In this study, TCDD’s (Turkish State Railroads Company) targets for the year of 2023, the planned high-speed train lines, improvements, which are considered for the existing lines, and achievability of these targets are examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train" title="train">train</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20train" title=" high-speed train"> high-speed train</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCDD" title=" TCDD"> TCDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41210/2023-targets-of-the-republic-of-turkey-state-railways" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1226</span> The Role Collagen VI Plays in Heart Failure: A Tale Untold</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Summer%20Hassan">Summer Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Crossman"> David Crossman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Myocardial fibrosis (MF) has been loosely defined as the process occurring in the pathological remodeling of the myocardium due to excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen. This reduces tissue compliance and accelerates progression to heart failure, as well as affecting the electrical properties of the myocytes resulting in arrhythmias. Microscopic interrogation of MF is key to understanding the molecular orchestrators of disease. It is well-established that recruitment and stimulation of myofibroblasts result in Collagen deposition and the resulting expansion in the ECM. Many types of Collagens have been identified and implicated in scarring of tissue. In a series of experiments conducted at our lab, we aim to elucidate the role collagen VI plays in the development of myocardial fibrosis and its direct impact on myocardial function. This was investigated through an animal experiment in Rats with Collagen VI knockout diseased and healthy animals as well as Collagen VI wild diseased and healthy rats. Echocardiogram assessments of these rats ensued at four-time points, followed by microscopic interrogation of the myocardium aiming to correlate the role collagen VI plays in myocardial function. Our results demonstrate a deterioration in cardiac function as represented by the ejection fraction in the knockout healthy and diseased rats. This elucidates a potential protective role that collagen-VI plays following a myocardial insult. Current work is dedicated to the microscopic characterisation of the fibrotic process in all rat groups, with the results to follow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20failure" title="heart failure">heart failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myocardial%20fibrosis" title=" myocardial fibrosis"> myocardial fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen" title=" collagen"> collagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echocardiogram" title=" echocardiogram"> echocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confocal%20microscopy" title=" confocal microscopy"> confocal microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159033/the-role-collagen-vi-plays-in-heart-failure-a-tale-untold" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1225</span> Human-factor and Ergonomics in Bottling Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parameshwaran%20Nair">Parameshwaran Nair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Filling and packaging lines for bottling of beverages into glass, PET or aluminum containers require specialized expertise and a different configuration of equipment like – Filler, Warmer, Labeller, Crater/Recrater, Shrink Packer, Carton Erector, Carton Sealer, Date Coder, Palletizer, etc. Over the period of time, the packaging industry has evolved from manually operated single station machines to highly automized high-speed lines. Human factor and ergonomics have gained significant consideration in this course of transformation. A pre-requisite for such bottling lines, irrespective of the container type and size, is to be suitable for multi-format applications. It should also be able to handle format changeovers with minimal adjustment. It should have variable capacity and speeds, for providing great flexibility of use in managing accumulation times as a function of production characteristics. In terms of layout as well, it should demonstrate flexibility for operator movement and access to machine areas for maintenance. Packaging technology during the past few decades has risen to these challenges by a series of major breakthroughs interspersed with periods of refinement and improvement. The milestones are many and varied and are described briefly in this paper. In order to have a brief understanding of the human factor and ergonomics in the modern packaging lines, this paper, highlights the various technologies, design considerations and statutory requirements in packaging equipment for different types of containers used in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-factor" title="human-factor">human-factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottling%20lines" title=" bottling lines"> bottling lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automized%20high-speed%20lines" title=" automized high-speed lines"> automized high-speed lines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22351/human-factor-and-ergonomics-in-bottling-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1224</span> Relation between Roots and Tangent Lines of Function in Fractional Dimensions: A Method for Optimization Problems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Dorostkar">Ali Dorostkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a basic schematic of fractional dimensional optimization problem is presented. As will be shown, a method is performed based on a relation between roots and tangent lines of function in fractional dimensions for an arbitrary initial point. It is shown that for each polynomial function with order N at least N tangent lines must be existed in fractional dimensions of 0 < α < N+1 which pass exactly through the all roots of the proposed function. Geometrical analysis of tangent lines in fractional dimensions is also presented to clarify more intuitively the proposed method. Results show that with an appropriate selection of fractional dimensions, we can directly find the roots. Method is presented for giving a different direction of optimization problems by the use of fractional dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangent%20line" title="tangent line">tangent line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20dimension" title=" fractional dimension"> fractional dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root" title=" root"> root</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20problem" title=" optimization problem"> optimization problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94257/relation-between-roots-and-tangent-lines-of-function-in-fractional-dimensions-a-method-for-optimization-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homologous%20knockout%20lines&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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