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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":69566566,"created_at":"2022-01-26T22:44:43.792-08:00","from_world_paper_id":193517330,"updated_at":"2024-11-22T20:55:02.960-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","grobid_abstract":"Parents' psychological stress 2 Parents' psychological stress over time may affect children's cortisol at age 8 Objective To examine possible relations between parents' psychological stress and children's saliva cortisol levels in connection with a mild stressor (drawing a blood sample). Method Parenting stress and serious life events at birth, age 1, age 2, age 5 and age 8 were assessed. 82 paired saliva samples collected from their 8 year old children just before and 30 minutes after children's blood was drawn were analyzed. Results Repeated measures general linear models indicated a significant decrease of cortisol levels in relation to blood being drawn and a significant relation between higher parenting stress at child age 1 and at age 8, and elevated cortisol levels. A t test showed that cortisol levels after a blood draw were significantly higher in children whose parents reported a serious life event at age 8. Conclusion Parenting stress could be a relevant factor for children's adjustment of the HPA axis with long-term effects and leave children more vulnerable to experiences of stress.","publication_date":"2010,,","publication_name":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"79613760"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Parents' Psychological Stress Over Time may Affect Children's Cortisol at Age 8","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [38261227]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":79613760,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Parents' Psychological Stress Over Time may Affect Children's Cortisol at Age 8”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/79613760/mini_magick20220126-8626-1dpa9ur.png?1643266186" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Parents' Psychological Stress Over Time may Affect Children's Cortisol at Age 8</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38261227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnnyLudvigsson"><img alt="Profile image of Johnny Ludvigsson" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Johnny Ludvigsson</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Journal of Pediatric Psychology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">28 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 69566566; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Parents' psychological stress 2 Parents' psychological stress over time may affect children's cortisol at age 8 Objective To examine possible relations between parents' psychological stress and children's saliva cortisol levels in connection with a mild stressor (drawing a blood sample). Method Parenting stress and serious life events at birth, age 1, age 2, age 5 and age 8 were assessed. 82 paired saliva samples collected from their 8 year old children just before and 30 minutes after children's blood was drawn were analyzed. Results Repeated measures general linear models indicated a significant decrease of cortisol levels in relation to blood being drawn and a significant relation between higher parenting stress at child age 1 and at age 8, and elevated cortisol levels. A t test showed that cortisol levels after a blood draw were significantly higher in children whose parents reported a serious life event at age 8. Conclusion Parenting stress could be a relevant factor for children's adjustment of the HPA axis with long-term effects and leave children more vulnerable to experiences of stress.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":79613760,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69566566/Parents_Psychological_Stress_Over_Time_may_Affect_Childrens_Cortisol_at_Age_8"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":79613760,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69566566/Parents_Psychological_Stress_Over_Time_may_Affect_Childrens_Cortisol_at_Age_8"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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To demonstrate a similar phenomenon in humans, we prospectively examined the relationships of maternal stress beginning in infancy and concurrent stress on preschoolers' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and later mental health symptoms. Methods: Salivary cortisol levels were assessed in 282 4.5-year-old children and 154 of their siblings. Maternal reports of stress were obtained when the children were ages 1, 4, and 12 months, and again at 4.5 years. Children's mental health symptoms were assessed in first grade. Results: A cross-sectional analysis revealed that preschoolers exposed to high levels of concurrent maternal stress had elevated cortisol levels; however, a longitudinal analysis revealed that concurrently stressed children with elevated cortisol also had a history of high maternal stress exposure in infancy. Importantly, children exposed only to high levels of concurrent or early stress had cortisol levels that did not significantly differ from those never exposed to stress. Further analysis of the components of stress indicated that maternal depression beginning in infancy was the most potent predictor of children's cortisol. We also found that preschoolers with high cortisol levels exhibited greater mental health symptoms in first grade. Conclusions: These results link the findings of preclinical studies to humans by showing that exposure to early maternal stress may sensitize children's pituitary-adrenal responses to subsequent stress exposure. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:776 -784</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maternal stress beginning in infancy may sensitize children to later stress exposure: effects on cortisol and behavior","attachmentId":47410175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27161713/Maternal_stress_beginning_in_infancy_may_sensitize_children_to_later_stress_exposure_effects_on_cortisol_and_behavior","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27161713/Maternal_stress_beginning_in_infancy_may_sensitize_children_to_later_stress_exposure_effects_on_cortisol_and_behavior"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="47501420" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47501420/Assessing_stress_reactivity_indexed_via_salivary_cortisol_in_preschool_aged_children">Assessing stress reactivity indexed via salivary cortisol in preschool-aged children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33500879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShivaSingh18">Shiva Singh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessing stress reactivity indexed via salivary cortisol in preschool-aged children","attachmentId":66562092,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47501420/Assessing_stress_reactivity_indexed_via_salivary_cortisol_in_preschool_aged_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47501420/Assessing_stress_reactivity_indexed_via_salivary_cortisol_in_preschool_aged_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="5972018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5972018/Does_adverse_family_environment_or_sex_matter_in_the_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_anticipatory_stress">Does adverse family environment or sex matter in the salivary cortisol responses to anticipatory stress</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8906204" href="https://drexel.academia.edu/ThomasHardie">Thomas Hardie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychiatry Research, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We previously reported that in anticipation of a modest stressor, preadolescent sons of drug-dependent fathers (HR) demonstrated a diminished salivary cortisol response relative to comparison boys. No data were available concerning anticipatory salivary cortisol responses in preadolescent daughters of HR fathers. Additionally, we hypothesized that diminished stress responses in HR youth might be an adaptation to a stressful family environment. Consequently, in this report we have examined the role of family environment in the anticipatory salivary cortisol responses in both HR boys and girls as well as their association with a measure of distress in the family environment. Independent of sex, HR children had diminished anticipatory cortisol responses. Girls had significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations, pre-and post-stressor. However, contrary to our expectation, we could not demonstrate an association between salivary cortisol responses and the measures of the family environment. These results suggest that there may be a sex difference in salivary cortisol dynamics in preadolescent children; however, the functional status of the current family environment does not appear to be related to cortisol reactivity. ᮊ</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does adverse family environment or sex matter in the salivary cortisol responses to anticipatory stress","attachmentId":49071727,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5972018/Does_adverse_family_environment_or_sex_matter_in_the_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_anticipatory_stress","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5972018/Does_adverse_family_environment_or_sex_matter_in_the_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_anticipatory_stress"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="1816230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1816230/Childrens_and_adults_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_an_identical_psychosocial_laboratory_stressor">Children's and adults' salivary cortisol responses to an identical psychosocial laboratory stressor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2201795" href="https://umn.academia.edu/MomokoHayakawa">Momoko Hayakawa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Children's and adults' salivary cortisol responses to an identical psychosocial laboratory stressor","attachmentId":50854913,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1816230/Childrens_and_adults_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_an_identical_psychosocial_laboratory_stressor","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1816230/Childrens_and_adults_salivary_cortisol_responses_to_an_identical_psychosocial_laboratory_stressor"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="78786044" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78786044/Stress_through_the_mind_of_the_beholder_preliminary_differences_in_child_and_maternal_perceptions_of_child_stress_in_relation_to_child_cortisol_and_cardiovascular_activity">Stress through the mind of the beholder: preliminary differences in child and maternal perceptions of child stress in relation to child cortisol and cardiovascular activity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53673262" href="https://brown.academia.edu/LStroud">Laura Stroud</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Stress, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present study examined associations among parent and child reports of youth's stressful life events, perceived stress, and biological measures of stress activity (i.e., cortisol and cardiovascular activity). Examining these aspects of youth stress presents several challenges. Unlike adult studies of individual differences in which information regarding stressful life events, perceptions of events, and biological</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stress through the mind of the beholder: preliminary differences in child and maternal perceptions of child stress in relation to child cortisol and cardiovascular activity","attachmentId":85708372,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78786044/Stress_through_the_mind_of_the_beholder_preliminary_differences_in_child_and_maternal_perceptions_of_child_stress_in_relation_to_child_cortisol_and_cardiovascular_activity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78786044/Stress_through_the_mind_of_the_beholder_preliminary_differences_in_child_and_maternal_perceptions_of_child_stress_in_relation_to_child_cortisol_and_cardiovascular_activity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="14552774" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14552774/Parent_support_is_less_effective_in_buffering_cortisol_stress_reactivity_for_adolescents_compared_to_children">Parent support is less effective in buffering cortisol stress reactivity for adolescents compared to children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33568813" href="https://stolaf.academia.edu/AnnaJohnson">Anna Johnson</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33516616" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/CameliaHostinar">Camelia Hostinar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Developmental Science, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The goal of the present study was to investigate developmental differences in the effectiveness of parent support to alleviate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses of children (ages 9-10, N = 40) and adolescents (ages 15-16, N = 41). We experimentally manipulated the provision of parent support during the speech preparation period before a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and examined its effect on levels of salivary cortisol secreted in response to this laboratory stressor. Analyses revealed a significant interaction of condition and age group such that social support from the parent (versus a stranger) significantly eliminated the cortisol stress response in children, but had no effect on the response among adolescents.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parent support is less effective in buffering cortisol stress reactivity for adolescents compared to children","attachmentId":38551855,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14552774/Parent_support_is_less_effective_in_buffering_cortisol_stress_reactivity_for_adolescents_compared_to_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14552774/Parent_support_is_less_effective_in_buffering_cortisol_stress_reactivity_for_adolescents_compared_to_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="123370622" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123370622/Life_stress_and_cortisol_reactivity_An_exploratory_analysis_of_the_effects_of_stress_exposure_across_life_on_HPA_axis_functioning">Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64512858" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffrySimpson2">Jeffry Simpson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Development and Psychopathology, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Stressful experiences affect biological stress systems, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Life stress can potentially alter regulation of the HPA axis and has been associated with poorer physical and mental health. Little, however, is known about the relative influence of stressors that are encountered at different developmental periods on acute stress reactions in adulthood. In this study, we explored three models of the influence of stress exposure on cortisol reactivity to a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) by leveraging 37 years of longitudinal data in a high-risk birth cohort (N = 112). The cumulative stress model suggests that accumulated stress across the lifespan leads to dysregulated reactivity, whereas the biological embedding model implicates early childhood as a critical period. The sensitization model assumes that dysregulation should only occur when stress is high in both early childhood and concurrently. All of the models predicted altered reactivity, but do not anticipate its exact form. We found support for both cumulative and biological embedding effects. However, when pitted against each other, early life stress predicted more blunted cortisol responses at age 37 over and above cumulative life stress. Additional analyses revealed that stress exposure in middle childhood also predicted more blunted cortisol reactivity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning","attachmentId":117817769,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123370622/Life_stress_and_cortisol_reactivity_An_exploratory_analysis_of_the_effects_of_stress_exposure_across_life_on_HPA_axis_functioning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123370622/Life_stress_and_cortisol_reactivity_An_exploratory_analysis_of_the_effects_of_stress_exposure_across_life_on_HPA_axis_functioning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13986382" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13986382/Interactive_effects_of_early_and_recent_exposure_to_stressful_contexts_on_cortisol_reactivity_in_middle_childhood">Interactive effects of early and recent exposure to stressful contexts on cortisol reactivity in middle childhood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33027782" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/SaraJaffee">Sara Jaffee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Given mixed findings as to whether stressful experiences and relationships are associated with increases or decreases in children's cortisol reactivity, we tested whether a child's developmental history of risk exposure explained variation in cortisol reactivity to an experimentally induced task. We also tested whether the relationship between cortisol reactivity and children's internalizing and externalizing problems varied as a function of their developmental history of stressful experiences and relationships. Method: Participants included 400 children (M = 9.99 years, SD = 0.74 years) from the Children's Experiences and Development Study. Early risk exposure was measured by children's experiences of harsh, nonresponsive parenting at 3 years. Recent risk exposure was measured by children's exposure to traumatic events in the past year. Children's cortisol reactivity was measured in response to a social provocation task and parents and teachers described children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Results: The effect of recent exposure to traumatic events was partially dependent upon a child's early experiences of harsh, nonresponsive parenting: the more traumatic events children had recently experienced, the greater their cortisol reactivity if they had experienced lower (but not higher) levels of harsh, nonresponsive parenting at age 3. The lowest levels of cortisol reactivity were observed among children who had experienced the most traumatic events in the past year and higher (vs. lower) levels of harsh, nonresponsive parenting in early childhood. Among youth who experienced harsh, nonresponsive parent-child relationships in early childhood and later traumatic events, lower levels of cortisol reactivity were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to psychological stressors and the relationship between HPA axis reactivity and children's internalizing and externalizing problems vary as a function of a child's developmental history of exposure to stressful relationships and experiences.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interactive effects of early and recent exposure to stressful contexts on cortisol reactivity in middle childhood","attachmentId":44734300,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13986382/Interactive_effects_of_early_and_recent_exposure_to_stressful_contexts_on_cortisol_reactivity_in_middle_childhood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13986382/Interactive_effects_of_early_and_recent_exposure_to_stressful_contexts_on_cortisol_reactivity_in_middle_childhood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="67754540" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67754540/Parenting_matters_Parents_can_reduce_or_amplify_childrens_anxiety_and_cortisol_responses_to_acute_stress">Parenting matters: Parents can reduce or amplify children's anxiety and cortisol responses to acute stress</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66303762" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/LillyBelleDeer">LillyBelle Deer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Development and Psychopathology, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Parents serve important functions in regulating children&#39;s responses to stress and challenge. However, the parental characteristics that modulate the effectiveness of parents as stress buffers remain to be fully characterized. To address this gap, this study examined parental characteristics and behaviors that may explain variation in parents’ ability to buffer cortisol responses to acute stress of 180 children (ages 9–11 years old, M = 9.9 years, SD = .58). Children were randomly assigned to either participate in a public speaking task, the Trier Social Stress Test – modified for children (TSST-M) or a control condition. Children in the TSST-M condition were randomly assigned to prepare for the public speaking task either with their parent (N = 59) or alone (N = 60), whereas 61 children were assigned to the control condition (no TSST-M). We found that parental education moderated the effect of condition on children&#39;s responses to acute stress. Children whose parents had low...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parenting matters: Parents can reduce or amplify children's anxiety and cortisol responses to acute stress","attachmentId":78466475,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67754540/Parenting_matters_Parents_can_reduce_or_amplify_childrens_anxiety_and_cortisol_responses_to_acute_stress","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67754540/Parenting_matters_Parents_can_reduce_or_amplify_childrens_anxiety_and_cortisol_responses_to_acute_stress"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="48188554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48188554/Altered_stress_responses_in_children_exposed_to_early_adversity_a_systematic_review_of_salivary_cortisol_studies">Altered stress responses in children exposed to early adversity: a systematic review of salivary cortisol studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14456208" href="https://aberdeen.academia.edu/PhilipWilson">Philip Wilson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pathological stress responses are implicated in numerous disorders. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function is influenced by gene-environment interaction, with early-life environmental adversity having long-lasting effects. We examine the evidence that, in humans, these effects are apparent from infancy. We systematically reviewed published findings on cortisol response to a stressor, in 0-5-year-olds already exposed to adversity. Adversity was defined as a negative environmental influence present post-conception. We searched Ovid MEDLINE (1950-May 2010), EMBASE (1980-May 2010) and PsychINFO (1806-May 2010). We included peer-reviewed, English language studies that analysed salivary cortisol before and after a standardised stressor. We identified 30 studies, of which 27 reported a significant effect of adversity on the cortisol response to stress. Six of these demonstrated an effect of prenatal substance exposure. Thirteen studies found that psychosocial adversity increased cort...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Altered stress responses in children exposed to early adversity: a systematic review of salivary cortisol studies","attachmentId":66930930,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48188554/Altered_stress_responses_in_children_exposed_to_early_adversity_a_systematic_review_of_salivary_cortisol_studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48188554/Altered_stress_responses_in_children_exposed_to_early_adversity_a_systematic_review_of_salivary_cortisol_studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79613760,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79613760,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_79613760" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="19608723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19608723/Intercorrelations_between_serum_salivary_and_hair_cortisol_and_child_reported_estimates_of_stress_in_elementary_school_girls">Intercorrelations between serum, salivary, and hair cortisol and child-reported estimates of stress in elementary school girls</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40026775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LIacoviello">Licia Iacoviello</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychophysiology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Intercorrelations between serum, salivary, and hair cortisol and child-reported estimates of stress in elementary school girls","attachmentId":42072776,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19608723/Intercorrelations_between_serum_salivary_and_hair_cortisol_and_child_reported_estimates_of_stress_in_elementary_school_girls","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19608723/Intercorrelations_between_serum_salivary_and_hair_cortisol_and_child_reported_estimates_of_stress_in_elementary_school_girls"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="57504760" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57504760/The_diurnal_salivary_cortisol_pattern_of_adolescents_from_families_with_single_ill_and_healthy_parents">The diurnal salivary cortisol pattern of adolescents from families with single, ill and healthy parents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32524166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MeijerA">Anne Marie Meijer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The diurnal salivary cortisol pattern of adolescents from families with single, ill and healthy parents","attachmentId":72376205,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57504760/The_diurnal_salivary_cortisol_pattern_of_adolescents_from_families_with_single_ill_and_healthy_parents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57504760/The_diurnal_salivary_cortisol_pattern_of_adolescents_from_families_with_single_ill_and_healthy_parents"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="117532995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117532995/Prenatal_maternal_stress_predicts_cortisol_stress_response_and_child_behavior_problems_at_ages_4_and_13_Project_Ice_Storm">Prenatal maternal stress predicts cortisol stress response and child behavior problems at ages 4 and 13: Project Ice Storm</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32543327" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuillaumeElgbeili">Guillaume Elgbeili</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prenatal maternal stress predicts cortisol stress response and child behavior problems at ages 4 and 13: Project Ice Storm","attachmentId":113365696,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117532995/Prenatal_maternal_stress_predicts_cortisol_stress_response_and_child_behavior_problems_at_ages_4_and_13_Project_Ice_Storm","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117532995/Prenatal_maternal_stress_predicts_cortisol_stress_response_and_child_behavior_problems_at_ages_4_and_13_Project_Ice_Storm"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="18200900" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18200900/Behavioral_adjustment_in_a_community_sample_of_boys_Links_with_basal_and_stress_induced_salivary_cortisol_concentrations">Behavioral adjustment in a community sample of boys: Links with basal and stress-induced salivary cortisol concentrations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38186832" href="https://florida.academia.edu/JuliaGraber">Julia Graber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Behavioral adjustment in a community sample of boys: Links with basal and stress-induced salivary cortisol concentrations","attachmentId":39930123,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18200900/Behavioral_adjustment_in_a_community_sample_of_boys_Links_with_basal_and_stress_induced_salivary_cortisol_concentrations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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