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id="toc-Climate_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climate and economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renmark_Rose_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renmark_Rose_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Renmark Rose Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renmark_Rose_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loxton_Christmas_Light's_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loxton_Christmas_Light's_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Loxton Christmas Light's Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loxton_Christmas_Light's_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riverland_Food_and_Wine_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riverland_Food_and_Wine_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Riverland Food and Wine Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riverland_Food_and_Wine_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pre-school</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_schooling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_schooling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Primary schooling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_schooling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_schooling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_schooling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Senior schooling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_schooling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Special education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Further education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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title="Riverland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Riverland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ریورلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریورلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverland" title="Riverland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Riverland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Riverland&params=34_15_S_140_28_E_region:AU-SA_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">140°28′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.250°S 140.467°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.250; 140.467</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the locality. For the wine region in South Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Riverland_wine_region" title="Riverland wine region">Riverland wine region</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in South Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><span class="fn org locality">Riverland</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:88%" class="region"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paringa_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paringa_Bridge.jpg/270px-Paringa_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paringa_Bridge.jpg/405px-Paringa_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Paringa_Bridge.jpg/540px-Paringa_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Paringa_Bridge" title="Paringa Bridge">Paringa Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">River Murray</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">41, 802 (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-ABS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_South_Australia" title="Local government areas of South Australia">LGA(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><li> <a href="/wiki/Berri_Barmera_Council" title="Berri Barmera Council">Berri Barmera</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/District_Council_of_Loxton_Waikerie" title="District Council of Loxton Waikerie">Loxton Waikerie</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Mid_Murray_Council" title="Mid Murray Council">Mid Murray</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/District_Council_of_Renmark_Paringa" class="mw-redirect" title="District Council of Renmark Paringa">Renmark Paringa</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Chaffey" title="Electoral district of Chaffey">Chaffey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Stuart" title="Electoral district of Stuart">Stuart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e6c4fb;"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">Federal division(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Barker" title="Division of Barker">Barker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Riverland</b> is a region of <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. It covers an area of 9,386 square kilometres (3,624 sq mi) along the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">River Murray</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from where it flows into South Australia from <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> downstream to <a href="/wiki/Blanchetown,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanchetown, South Australia">Blanchetown</a>. The major town centres are <a href="/wiki/Renmark,_South_Australia" title="Renmark, South Australia">Renmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berri,_South_Australia" title="Berri, South Australia">Berri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxton,_South_Australia" title="Loxton, South Australia">Loxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waikerie,_South_Australia" title="Waikerie, South Australia">Waikerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barmera,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmera, South Australia">Barmera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monash,_South_Australia" title="Monash, South Australia">Monash</a>, and many minor townships. The population is approximately 35,000 people. </p><p>The Riverland is located about 1.75 to 3 hours (or 150 to 280 km (93 to 174 mi)) north-east of Adelaide, and 90 minutes west (or 120 to 250 kilometres (75 to 155 mi)) from <a href="/wiki/Mildura,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura, Victoria">Mildura, Victoria</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Sturt_Highway" title="Sturt Highway">Sturt Highway</a>. </p><p>The region has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> with warm, dry summers and relatively mild winters, and temperatures a few degrees above those of the state capital, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>. The average summer temperature is 32.5 °C (90.5 °F), with a winter average of 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) and an average rainfall of 260.6 millimetres (10.26 in). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_history">Indigenous history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indigenous history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of <a href="/wiki/British_colonisation_of_South_Australia" title="British colonisation of South Australia">British colonisation of South Australia</a> in the 1830s, and for tens of thousands of years before then, the area today known as the Riverland was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australian</a> people, whose name for it is Moorundie Ruwe.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of colonisation, these were (from west to east) the <a href="/wiki/Ngaiawang" title="Ngaiawang">Ngaiawang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngawait" title="Ngawait">Ngawait</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Erawirung" title="Erawirung">Erawirung</a>, sometimes collectively referred to as the Meru people. Based on available data, the pre-European population along the River Murray within South Australia is estimated to have been several thousand people, with a density of up to 0.3 to 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) per person. <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian ceremony">Ceremonial exchanges</a> were major events, with people travelling from far and wide to participate.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the people of the central River Murray area were "engaged in a broad-based economy embedded in a diverse and highly productive mosaic of riverine habitats".<sup id="cite_ref-westell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archaeological_finds">Archaeological finds</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archaeological finds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_sacred_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian sacred sites">Aboriginal Australian sacred sites</a></div> <p>The oldest known River Murray <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">Indigenous</a> site, a <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a> of ancient river <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussel</a> shells, confirmed the occupation of the site by Aboriginal people for at least 29,000 years. The find has expanded the scarce knowledge of the area's ancient history.<sup id="cite_ref-abcmidden_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcmidden-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study reporting the find and describing the dating as "based on 31 <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating"> radiocarbon age determinations</a>" was published on 14 July 2020, saying that this pushes back the previously known occupation of the area by 22,000 years, into the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last ice age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-westell_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research was carried out as part of an ongoing collaboration between the River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation (RMMAC) and researchers from <a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a> led by Amy Roberts, and is a first step in a larger project tracking how people lived during that time. Evidence of trade in <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a> and large sandstone <a href="/wiki/Grindstone" title="Grindstone">grinding dishes</a> had already been found,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this find helps to show how their ancestors survived times of hardship and plenty.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first district to be established in the region was <a href="/wiki/Renmark,_South_Australia" title="Renmark, South Australia">Renmark</a> in 1887 by the <a href="/wiki/Chaffey_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaffey Brothers">Chaffey Brothers</a>, who also established the <a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a> Irrigation District in the neighbouring upstream region of <a href="/wiki/Sunraysia" title="Sunraysia">Sunraysia</a>. Other settlements followed in the 1890s at: Holder, <a href="/wiki/Kingston_On_Murray,_South_Australia" title="Kingston On Murray, South Australia">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrup,_South_Australia" title="Lyrup, South Australia">Lyrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorook,_South_Australia" title="Moorook, South Australia">Moorook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murtoa,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtoa, Victoria">Murtoa</a>, New Era, New <a href="/wiki/Renmark,_South_Australia" title="Renmark, South Australia">Renmark</a>, Pyap, Ramco and <a href="/wiki/Waikerie,_South_Australia" title="Waikerie, South Australia">Waikerie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of these irrigation schemes were developed as a government response to the <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">economic depression</a> of the 1890s, where the aim was to keep energy, talent and capital from leaving South Australia using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Village_Settlements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Village Settlements (page does not exist)">Village Settlement Schemes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901 a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> recommended that the settlements be subdivided and leased to individual settlers instead of village associations, and over time most of these areas became government irrigation areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soldier_settlement" title="Soldier settlement">Soldier settlement schemes</a> were later allotted for returned servicemen at: <a href="/wiki/Berri,_South_Australia" title="Berri, South Australia">Berri</a>, Chaffey, <a href="/wiki/Cadell,_South_Australia" title="Cadell, South Australia">Cadell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cobdogla" title="Cobdogla">Cobdogla</a> from 1917. <a href="/wiki/Loxton,_South_Australia" title="Loxton, South Australia">Loxton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cooltong,_South_Australia" title="Cooltong, South Australia">Cooltong</a> were allotted from 1946 on. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the region hosted an <a href="/wiki/Internment_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Internment camp">internment camp</a> for people of Japanese,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_Australians" title="German Australians">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Italian</a> origin or descent. This camp was based at <a href="/wiki/Loveday,_South_Australia" title="Loveday, South Australia">Loveday</a> but little remains today to indicate its existence. </p><p>In 1956 and 1961 the privately developed <a href="/wiki/Sunlands,_South_Australia" title="Sunlands, South Australia">Sunlands</a>/<a href="/wiki/Golden_Heights,_South_Australia" title="Golden Heights, South Australia">Golden Heights</a> schemes were established. As pumping technology became more affordable and efficient, more recent development occurred through private irrigation, where irrigators operated their own pumping infrastructure pumping water from the River. Water trade enabled further growth in these properties from the early 1990s, with the Riverland purchasing water from pasture users in upstream states, or from the downstream lower Murray region, to expand the <a href="/wiki/Wine_grape" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine grape">wine grape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a> industries. Some of this development was funded through <a href="/wiki/Investment_fund" title="Investment fund">managed investment schemes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_and_economy">Climate and economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Riverland_wine_region" title="Riverland wine region">Riverland wine region</a></div> <p>The region enjoys a warm <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a><sup id="cite_ref-dest_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wine_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wine-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with seasonal temperatures a few degrees above <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>’s temperatures. The average winter temperature is 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) and the average summer temperature is 32.5 °C (90.5 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-dest_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a mean of24.3 °C (75.7 °F). Average rainfall of Renmark is 260.6 millimetres (10.26 in).<sup id="cite_ref-dest_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Riverland's economy is driven by <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary production</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has sustainable comparative advantages for high value irrigated <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">horticulture</a>, including soils, climate, reliability of water supply, best practice water supply systems, ability to grow a diversity of crops, fruit fly free status and proximity to markets.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area is Australia's largest wine-producing region, growing over half (63 per cent in 2014) of South Australia's wine grapes. In 2013 the region produced 22 per cent of Australia's wine grape crush with approximately 21,000 hectares (52,000 acres) under wine grapes, which was produced by over 1,000 growers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Riverland is also a significant <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a> and stone fruit-growing region, producing 18 per cent of Australia's almonds and 7 per cent of Australia's fresh stone fruit, and Riverland juices and milk drinks are stocked on supermarket shelves across Australia and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> industry is the largest employer in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Central Irrigation Trust manages irrigation water for 1,600 growers who irrigate 14,000 hectares (35,000 acres) of horticultural crops in 12 private irrigation districts (Berri, Cadell, Chaffey, Cobdogla, Kingston, Loxton, Moorook, <a href="/wiki/Mypolonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Mypolonga">Mypolonga</a>, Waikerie, Lyrup, Golden Heights and Sunlands).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the Renmark Irrigation Trust, which supplies water to 4,700 ha.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the water is supplied from the River Murray. Many of the towns were established for the re-settlement of soldiers after their return from World War I or World War II. Most towns were established as separate irrigation districts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Riverland is located on the main eastern state transit link, which connects Adelaide to the eastern states. </p> <ul><li>Road: The <a href="/wiki/Sturt_Highway" title="Sturt Highway">Sturt Highway</a>, a part of the National Highway Network, is the major highway connecting the Riverland region with interstate and overseas freight connections at Adelaide's Outer Harbor and <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Airport" title="Adelaide Airport">Adelaide Airport</a>. Main roads provide regional access between towns, as well as alternative routes to major regional areas such as <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bridge,_South_Australia" title="Murray Bridge, South Australia">Murray Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Air: <a href="/wiki/Renmark,_South_Australia" title="Renmark, South Australia">Renmark</a> has a regional airport that provides services for light planes, and potential for future expansion of commuter services. <a href="/wiki/Waikerie,_South_Australia" title="Waikerie, South Australia">Waikerie</a> airport has a sealed runway and is an operating <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">airfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Rail: The <a href="/wiki/Loxton_railway_line" title="Loxton railway line">Loxton railway line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tailem_Bend" class="mw-redirect" title="Tailem Bend">Tailem Bend</a> terminates at a grain terminal on the originally called Tookayerta siding. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line is currently stated as open <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no trains have operated since 2015. <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is known for its natural wonders, which provide opportunities for guided and self-guided walks, horse-riding, mountain biking and cycling, and canoeing and kayaking on the river and creeks. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bonney_Riverland" title="Lake Bonney Riverland">Lake Bonney</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Donald_Campbell" title="Donald Campbell">Donald Campbell</a> achieved the Australian water speed record of 216 miles per hour (348 km/h) in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides opportunities for sailing, <a href="/wiki/Zorbing" title="Zorbing">zorbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a>. </p><p>The region also has a strong <a href="/wiki/Motorsports" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsports">motorsports</a> culture with its facilities for 4-wheel driving, trail bike or motocross riding, go-kart and speedway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renmark_Rose_Festival">Renmark Rose Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Renmark Rose Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Renmark is well known for its annual Rose Festival, a 10-day long event held in October each year, which is a major tourist attraction. The very first Rose Week was run in 1994, and was the brainchild of Eithne Sidhu, who collaborated with David Ruston, who owns Australia's largest rose garden (11 hectares (27 acres)) and houses the National Rose Collection.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loxton_Christmas_Light's_Festival"><span id="Loxton_Christmas_Light.27s_Festival"></span>Loxton Christmas Light's Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Loxton Christmas Light's Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting with a single Christmas light display out on a property in Loxton North, the Loxton Christmas Lights Festival today incorporates many homes throughout the township, and attracts thousands of visitors to the region over the period from November through December each year. It began when Peter Mangelsdorf was inspired to start a small Christmas display known as Christmas Wonderland. The 250 metres (270 yd) frontage of Peter's property is filled with a magnificent display of Christmas lights and images, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> scenes to popular characters dressed for the festive season.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riverland_Food_and_Wine_Festival">Riverland Food and Wine Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Riverland Food and Wine Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Held in mid-October each year, the Riverland Food and Wine is the region's main food and wine event showcasing local wines, ales, ciders and spirits, along with local cuisine. Held on the banks of the river, the day includes entertainment, and has become a popular event with locals and visitors alike.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Destination Riverland is the Riverland's tourism body;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the industry is worth about $148 million annually to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Riverland is currently represented at state level in the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_House_of_Assembly" title="South Australian House of Assembly">South Australian House of Assembly</a> by Liberal Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Chaffey" title="Electoral district of Chaffey">Chaffey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Whetstone" title="Tim Whetstone">Tim Whetstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federally, Liberal Member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Barker" title="Division of Barker">Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pasin" title="Tony Pasin">Tony Pasin</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the region's representative in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Australia)">House of Representatives</a>. Local Liberal politician <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Centofanti" title="Nicola Centofanti">Nicola Centofanti</a> is a <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Member of the Legislative Council</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Anne_Ruston" title="Anne Ruston">Anne Ruston</a> is a Liberal <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">federal senator</a> for South Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-school">Pre-school</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pre-school"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Waikerie Children's Centre</li> <li>Barmera Kindergarten</li> <li>Monash Kindergarten</li> <li>Berri Community Preschool</li> <li>Renmark West Preschool</li> <li>Renmark Children's Centre</li> <li>Riverland Early Learning Centre</li> <li>Woodleigh – Loxton District Children's Centre</li> <li>Loxton Preschool Centre</li> <li>Loxton North Kindergarten</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_schooling">Primary schooling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Primary schooling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Waikerie Primary School</li> <li>Ramco Primary School</li> <li>Morgan Primary School</li> <li>Cadell Primary School</li> <li>Kingston-on-Murray Primary School</li> <li>Moorook Primary School</li> <li>Cobdogla Primary School</li> <li>Barmera Primary School</li> <li>Glossop Primary School</li> <li>Monash Primary School</li> <li>Berri Primary School</li> <li>Renmark Primary School</li> <li>Renmark West Primary School</li> <li>Renmark North Primary School</li> <li>Renmark Loxton Primary School</li> <li>Loxton North Primary School</li> <li>Loxton Primary School</li></ul> </div> <p>Private and religious </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Waikerie Lutheran Primary School</li> <li>St Joseph’s Primary School, Barmera</li> <li>Rivergum Christian College, Glossop</li> <li>Our Lady of the River Catholic School, Berri</li> <li>St Joseph’s School</li> <li>Loxton Lutheran School</li> <li>St Albert's Catholic School, Loxton</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_schooling">Senior schooling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Senior schooling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public high schools across the Riverland region </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waikerie_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waikerie High School (page does not exist)">Waikerie High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossop_High_School" title="Glossop High School">Glossop High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmark_High_School" title="Renmark High School">Renmark High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxton_High_School" title="Loxton High School">Loxton High School</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Private secondary </p> <ul><li>Rivergum Christian College, Glossop</li> <li>St Francis of Assisi College, Renmark</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_education">Special education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Special education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Riverland Special School</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_education">Further education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TAFE SA has a centrally located campus in Berri.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Designations</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Riverland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">23 September 1987</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">377<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The predominant natural environment consists of <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_camaldulensis" title="Eucalyptus camaldulensis">River Red Gum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_largiflorens" title="Eucalyptus largiflorens">Black Box</a> forests that line the river banks and flood plains, as well as steep cliffs. The Riverland is abundant in wildlife, the more common species encountered being Pelicans, Kookaburras, Brush Tail Possums and Perons Tree Frogs. Less common species include Koalas (introduced to Renmark), Bush Stone Curlews and Carpet Pythons (rated 'vulnerable' to extinction in the region).<sup id="cite_ref-:6_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riverlanders share an interest in the health of the River Murray.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Riverland region lies in the southern part of the Murray Darling Basin where the broad River Murray floodplain and its river meanders for approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) through red sandy Mallee dune landscapes. Several conservation reserves protect biodiversity and provide for conservation and wise use activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protected area associated with the River Murray include <a href="/wiki/Murray_River_National_Park" title="Murray River National Park">Murray River National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loch_Luna_Game_Reserve" title="Loch Luna Game Reserve">Loch Luna Game Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moorook_Game_Reserve" title="Moorook Game Reserve">Moorook Game Reserve</a>. Mallee landscape reserves include <a href="/wiki/Chowilla_Regional_Reserve" title="Chowilla Regional Reserve">Chowilla Regional Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billiatt_Conservation_Park" title="Billiatt Conservation Park">Billiatt Conservation Park</a>, Pooginook Conservation Park, <a href="/wiki/Calperum_Station_(reserve)" title="Calperum Station (reserve)">Calperum Station</a> and several privately owned reserves including Birds Australia's Gluepot Reserve. In the river valley, there are several hundred wetlands<sup id="cite_ref-:6_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including two Ramsar wetlands of international importance — <a href="/wiki/Banrock_Station_Wetland_Complex" title="Banrock Station Wetland Complex">Banrock Station Wetland Complex</a> and the Riverland Wetland that encompasses <a href="/wiki/Chowilla_floodplain" title="Chowilla floodplain">Chowilla floodplain</a>, and other wetlands including Pike River basin, Gurra Gurra wetlands and Katarapko Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Murray Pioneer</i></li> <li><i>The River News</i></li> <li><i>The Loxton News</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>FM</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Christian_Radio" title="Vision Christian Radio">Vision Christian Radio</a> – 88.0 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5RM" title="5RM">5RM</a> - 91.5 FM</li> <li>Magic 93.1 – 93.1 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a> – 93.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadioTAB" title="RadioTAB">TAB Racing Network</a> – 95.5 FM</li> <li>Riverland Life FM – 100.7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">triple j</a> – 101.9 FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic" title="ABC Classic">ABC Classic</a> – 105.1 FM</li></ul> <p><b>AM</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5RM" title="5RM">5RM</a> – 801 AM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Riverland" title="ABC Riverland">ABC Riverland</a> – 1062 AM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">ABC Radio National</a> – 1305 AM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIX_Country" title="KIX Country">KIX Country</a> – 1557 AM</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABS_(TV_station)" title="ABS (TV station)">ABRS</a>, the relay of <a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SES/RTS" title="SES/RTS">RTS</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/WIN_Television" title="WIN Television">WIN Network</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Australia">South Australian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_wine" title="South Australian wine">South Australian wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Paddling_Marathon" title="Riverland Paddling Marathon">Riverland Paddling Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Football_League" title="Riverland Football League">Riverland Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_wine_region" title="Riverland wine region">Riverland wine region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1062_ABC_Riverland" class="mw-redirect" title="1062 ABC Riverland">1062 ABC Riverland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Independent_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverland Independent Football League">Riverland Independent Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Riverland Biosphere Reserve">Riverland Biosphere Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverland_Mallee_Important_Bird_Area" title="Riverland Mallee Important Bird Area">Riverland Mallee Important Bird Area</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is customary in South Australia to place "River" first when referring to the two major rivers of the state. The naming principles issued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">Government of South Australia</a> include: ... "'river' should be used as a generic term following the specific name of the feature – e.g. 'Onkaparinga River' – except when referring to the River Torrens or River Murray."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Australians may also place "River" first when referring to the <a href="/wiki/Darling_River" title="Darling River">Darling River</a>, the major tributary that joins the Murray in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ABS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/42005Population/People12004-2008?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=42005&issue=2004-2008">"National Regional Profile: Riverland (Statistical Subdivision), Population/People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 19 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Regional+Profile%3A+Riverland+%28Statistical+Subdivision%29%2C+Population%2FPeople&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2010-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAUSSTATS%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FPreviousproducts%2F42005Population%2FPeople12004-2008%3Fopendocument%26tabname%3DSummary%26prodno%3D42005%26issue%3D2004-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/planning-and-property/planning-and-land-management/suburb-road-and-place-names/geographical-names-guidelines">"Geographical names guidelines"</a>. <i>Planning and property</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glossop+High+School&rft.atitle=Glossop+High+School&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglossophs.sa.edu.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClarke2009" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Philip (2009). "Chapter 6. Aboriginal culture and the Riverine environment". In Jennings, John T. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276848836"><i>Natural History of the Riverland and Murraylands</i></a>. Occasional Publications of the Royal Society of South Australia Inc. No. 9. Includes <a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale</a>'s Tribal Map of the South Australian section of the Murray Basin. Museum Archives, South Australian Museum. © Tony Tindale and Beryl George, 1974. Royal Society of South Australia Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">142–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9596627-9-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9596627-9-5"><bdi>978-0-9596627-9-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People+of+the+Murray+River&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+communities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murrayriver.com.au%2Fabout-the-murray%2Fmurray-river-aboriginals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-westell_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-westell_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWestellRobertsMorrisoJacobsen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Westell, Craig; Roberts, Amy; Morriso, Mick; Jacobsen, Geraldine; River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03122417.2020.1787928">"Initial results and observations on a radiocarbon dating program in the Riverland region of South Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Archaeology" title="Australian Archaeology">Australian Archaeology</a></i>. <b>86</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">160–</span>175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03122417.2020.1787928">10.1080/03122417.2020.1787928</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221192470">221192470</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span> – via Taylor and Francis Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Initial+results+and+observations+on+a+radiocarbon+dating+program+in+the+Riverland+region+of+South+Australia&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03122417.2020.1787928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221192470%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Westell&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Amy&rft.au=Morriso%2C+Mick&rft.au=Jacobsen%2C+Geraldine&rft.au=River+Murray+and+Mallee+Aboriginal+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03122417.2020.1787928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abcmidden-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abcmidden_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWardStephens2020" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Anita; Stephens, Matt (14 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-15/oldest-river-murray-indigenous-site-in-south-australia-confirmed/12454874">"29,000 years of Aboriginal history confirmed at SA River Murray site"</a>. <i>ABC News (Riverland)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parks.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Parks+of+the+Riverland%3A+Healthy+Parks%2C+Healthy+Regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.sa.gov.au%2Ffiles%2Fsharedassets%2Fparks%2Fpsa-gen-parksriverland.pdf.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSydney_Morning_Herald2008" class="citation news cs1">Sydney Morning Herald (2 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.smh.com.au/national/xenophon-want-help-for-murray-river-20080702-30sg.html">"Xenophon want help for Murray River"</a>. Fairfax<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Xenophon+want+help+for+Murray+River&rft.date=2008-07-02&rft.au=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fxenophon-want-help-for-murray-river-20080702-30sg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katfish.org.au/">"Katfish Reach"</a>. <i>katfish.org.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=katfish.org.au&rft.atitle=Katfish+Reach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkatfish.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiverland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverland&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Towns_of_the_Riverland" title="Template:Towns of the Riverland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Towns_of_the_Riverland" title="Template talk:Towns of the Riverland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Towns_of_the_Riverland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Towns of the Riverland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Towns_of_the_Riverland26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Towns of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Riverland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barmera,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmera, South Australia">Barmera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berri,_South_Australia" title="Berri, South Australia">Berri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchetown,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanchetown, South Australia">Blanchetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadell,_South_Australia" title="Cadell, South Australia">Cadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobdogla" title="Cobdogla">Cobdogla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossop,_South_Australia" title="Glossop, South Australia">Glossop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_On_Murray,_South_Australia" title="Kingston On Murray, South Australia">Kingston On Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveday,_South_Australia" title="Loveday, South Australia">Loveday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxton,_South_Australia" title="Loxton, South Australia">Loxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrup,_South_Australia" title="Lyrup, South Australia">Lyrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash,_South_Australia" title="Monash, South Australia">Monash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan,_South_Australia" title="Morgan, South Australia">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorook,_South_Australia" title="Moorook, South Australia">Moorook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Corner" title="Overland Corner">Overland Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paringa,_South_Australia" title="Paringa, South Australia">Paringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramco,_South_Australia" title="Ramco, South Australia">Ramco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmark,_South_Australia" title="Renmark, South Australia">Renmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikerie,_South_Australia" title="Waikerie, South Australia">Waikerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkie,_South_Australia" title="Winkie, South Australia">Winkie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Australia176" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Australia" title="Template:South Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Australia" title="Template talk:South Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Australia176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Australia" title="History of South Australia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Australia" title="Flag of South Australia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Australia" title="Culture of South Australia">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Australia" title="Transport in South Australia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_South_Australia" title="Rail transport in South Australia">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Australia" title="Energy in South Australia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Australia" title="Education in South Australia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Australia" title="Geography of South Australia">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_South_Australia" title="Geology of South Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_English" title="South Australian English">South Australian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Australia" title="Sport in South Australia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_South_Australia" title="Symbols of South Australia">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Fire_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Fire Service">Country Fire Service</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Australia"><img alt="Flag of South Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/250px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Australia" title="Regions of South Australia">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Hills" title="Adelaide Hills">Adelaide Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barossa_Valley" title="Barossa Valley">Barossa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Valley" title="Clare Valley">Clare Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyre_Peninsula" title="Eyre Peninsula">Eyre Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(South_Australia)" title="Far North (South Australia)">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleurieu_Peninsula" title="Fleurieu Peninsula">Fleurieu Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Ranges" title="Flinders Ranges">Flinders Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Coast" title="Limestone Coast">Limestone Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_North" title="Mid North">Mid North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murraylands" title="Murraylands">Murraylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Riverland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorke_Peninsula" title="Yorke Peninsula">Yorke Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_South_Australia" title="List of cities and towns in South Australia">Cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Barker,_South_Australia" title="Mount Barker, South Australia">Mount Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gambier" title="Mount Gambier">Mount Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bridge,_South_Australia" title="Murray Bridge, South Australia">Murray Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lincoln" title="Port Lincoln">Port Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Pirie" title="Port Pirie">Port Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Victor Harbor, South Australia">Victor Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whyalla" title="Whyalla">Whyalla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Australia" title="Portal:South 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Wetlands Ramsar Site">Ginini Flats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lake_(New_South_Wales)" title="Blue Lake (New South Wales)">Blue Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Central_Murray_Forests" title="New South Wales Central Murray Forests">Central Murray Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fivebough_and_Tuckerbil_Swamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps">Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwydir_Wetlands" title="Gwydir Wetlands">Gwydir Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Estuary_Wetlands" title="Hunter Estuary Wetlands">Hunter Estuary Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pinaroo" title="Lake Pinaroo">Lake Pinaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Llangothlin_Nature_Reserve" title="Little Llangothlin Nature Reserve">Little Llangothlin Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Marshes" title="Macquarie Marshes">Macquarie Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myall_Lakes" title="Myall Lakes">Myall Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narran_Wetlands" title="Narran Wetlands">Narran Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroo_River" title="Paroo River">Paroo Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towra_Point_Nature_Reserve" title="Towra Point Nature Reserve">Towra Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobourg_Peninsula" title="Cobourg Peninsula">Cobourg Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakadu_National_Park" title="Kakadu National Park">Kakadu National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_Bay_National_Park" title="Bowling Green Bay National Park">Bowling Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currawinya_National_Park" title="Currawinya National Park">Currawinya Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sandy_Strait" title="Great Sandy Strait">Great Sandy Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoalwater_Bay" title="Shoalwater Bay">Shoalwater Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banrock_Station_Wetland_Complex" title="Banrock Station Wetland Complex">Banrock Station Wetland Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bool_and_Hacks_Lagoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Bool and Hacks Lagoons">Bool and Hacks Lagoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coongie_Lakes" title="Coongie Lakes">Coongie Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorong_and_Lakes_Alexandrina_and_Albert_Wetland" class="mw-redirect" title="Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland">Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccaninnie_Ponds_Conservation_Park" title="Piccaninnie Ponds Conservation Park">Piccaninnie Ponds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Riverland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moulting_Lagoon_Important_Bird_Area" title="Moulting Lagoon Important Bird Area">Apsley Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Barren_Island#East_coast_lagoons_Ramsar_site" title="Cape Barren Island">Cape Barren Island east coast lagoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlaken_Lakeside_Reserve" title="Interlaken Lakeside Reserve">Interlaken Lakeside Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocks_Lagoon" title="Jocks Lagoon">Jocks Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia_State_Reserve" title="Lavinia State Reserve">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Waterhouse_Lake" title="Little Waterhouse Lake">Little Waterhouse Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Lagoon" title="Logan Lagoon">Logan Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Plain_Lower_Ringarooma_River_wetlands" title="Flood Plain Lower Ringarooma River wetlands">Lower Ringarooma River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulting_Lagoon_Important_Bird_Area" title="Moulting Lagoon Important Bird Area">Moulting Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orielton_Lagoon" title="Orielton Lagoon">Pittwater–Orielton Lagoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barmah_National_Park" title="Barmah National Park">Barmah Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_Inlet" title="Corner Inlet">Corner Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edithvale-Seaford_Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands">Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_Lakes" title="Gippsland Lakes">Gippsland Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbower_National_Park" title="Gunbower National Park">Gunbower Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattah-Kulkyne_National_Park" title="Hattah-Kulkyne National Park">Hattah-Kulkyne Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Victorian_Wetlands" title="North Victorian Wetlands">Kerang Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Albacutya" title="Lake Albacutya">Lake Albacutya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay_(Western_Shoreline)_and_Bellarine_Peninsula_Ramsar_Site" title="Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site">Port Phillip Bay and Bellarine Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_District_Lakes" title="Western District Lakes">Western District Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Port" title="Western Port">Western Port Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becher_Point_Wetlands" title="Becher Point Wetlands">Becher Point Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Mile_Beach" title="Eighty Mile Beach">Eighty Mile Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrestdale_and_Thomsons_Lakes_Ramsar_Site" title="Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes Ramsar Site">Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gore" title="Lake Gore">Lake Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Warden_(Western_Australia)" title="Lake Warden (Western Australia)">Lake Warden System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Argyle_and_Kununurra_Ramsar_Site" title="Lakes Argyle and Kununurra Ramsar Site">Lakes Argyle and Kununurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Muir" title="Lake Muir">Muir-Byenup System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ord_River_Floodplain" title="Ord River Floodplain">Ord River Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel-Harvey_Estuarine_System" title="Peel-Harvey Estuarine System">Peel-Yalgorup System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roebuck_Bay" title="Roebuck Bay">Roebuck Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toolibin_Lake" title="Toolibin Lake">Toolibin Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasse-Wonnerup_Estuary" title="Vasse-Wonnerup Estuary">Vasse-Wonnerup System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#External_territories" title="States and territories of Australia">External territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashmore Reef">Ashmore Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Reserves_Ramsar_Site" title="Coral Sea Reserves Ramsar Site">Coral Sea Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dales_(Christmas_Island)" title="The Dales (Christmas Island)">The Dales (Christmas Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_and_Middleton_Reefs_Marine_National_Park_Reserve" title="Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve">Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosnies_Spring" title="Hosnies Spring">Hosnies Spring (Christmas Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Keeling" title="North Keeling">Pulu Keeling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Riverland&params=34_15_S_140_28_E_region:AU-SA_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′S</span> <span class="longitude">140°28′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.250°S 140.467°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.250; 140.467</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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