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class="icon-angle-right"></i><i class="icon-angle-down"></i></span></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <div class="content_inner "> <div class="title standard " style=""> <div class="title_holder"> <div class="container"> <div class="container_inner clearfix"> <h6 > Cataloging Your Video</h6> <h1>Structure and Rules</h1> <span class="separator small"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a id='back_to_top' href='#'> <span class="icon-stack"> <i class="icon-chevron-up " style=""></i> </span> </a> <div class="full_width"> <div class="full_width_inner"> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><section class="section grid_section"><div class="section_inner clearfix"><div class='section_inner_margin clearfix'><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-8"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><a class="fancybox-inline" title="Cataloging" href="#fancyboxID-catalog">Cataloging</a> is all about structure and rules.</p> <h3><a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata" href="#fancyboxID-metadata">Metadata</a> Structure</h3> <p>To begin, every catalog must have a structure, or <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Cataloging" href="#fancyboxID-dataModel">data model</a>, that defines entities and the relationship between different entities. An <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Entity" href="#fancyboxID-entity">entity</a> is a “thing” about which data is collected, such as a video, a person, or an event. In a relational database, an entity is the equivalent of a table.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center bordered"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure class="vc_figure"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="600" height="178" src="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_many_entities.png?fit=600%2C178&ssl=1" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="An entity is any “thing” that is being described." title="illustration_structure_rules_many_entities" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_many_entities.png?w=600&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_many_entities.png?resize=150%2C45&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_many_entities.png?resize=300%2C89&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></div> <figcaption class="vc_figure-caption">An entity is any “thing” that is being described.</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>In its simplest form, a catalog may only have one entity. In an inventory, for example, the entity or “thing being described” might be the video file. Each record in the inventory spreadsheet represents one video file, and all of the data in the spreadsheet describe those files.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center bordered"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="404" height="178" src="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_one_entity.png?fit=404%2C178&ssl=1" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="illustration_structure_rules_one_entity" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_one_entity.png?w=404&ssl=1 404w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_one_entity.png?resize=150%2C66&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_one_entity.png?resize=300%2C132&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px" /></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>A more complicated catalog can describe more than one “thing” and involve multiple entities. This can be done with related tables in a database. For example, imagine you have copies of every video in your collection in 3 different file formats. If you made an inventory record for each of the three copies, the same descriptive information would be repeated in each one; only the technical information about the file formats would change. By creating a separate entity for “video content” to hold the descriptive information, you would only need to describe the video content once, then relate it each of the three records with the technical file information.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center bordered"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure class="vc_figure"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="268" src="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_tables.png?fit=600%2C268&ssl=1" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="A catalog can have multiple entities that relate to each other." title="illustration_structure_rules_tables" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_tables.png?w=600&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_tables.png?resize=150%2C67&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/illustration_structure_rules_tables.png?resize=300%2C134&ssl=1 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></div> <figcaption class="vc_figure-caption">A catalog can have multiple entities that relate to each other.</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>Metadata Rules</h3> <p>In a catalog, all of the records within a particular entity must contain the same set of fields, and data must be entered in those fields consistently. For example, if you search a “Subject” field for “Protests” but a cataloger sometimes uses the term “Demonstrations” instead, you will not find all the videos you are looking for.</p> <p>For each field in your catalog, define rules for what information gets entered and how. For example, if you have a field for “Date Recorded” you must define what you mean by “Date Recorded” and what format you want the date entered in (e.g. yyyy-mm-dd). You can make data entry in particular fields mandatory or optional.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_single_image wpb_content_element vc_align_center"> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="vc_single_image-wrapper vc_box_border_grey"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="960" height="480" src="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/labelFormats-02-960x480.png?fit=960%2C480&ssl=1" class="vc_single_image-img attachment-full" alt="" title="labelFormats-02-960x480" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/labelFormats-02-960x480.png?resize=960%2C480&ssl=1 960w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/labelFormats-02-960x480.png?resize=150%2C75&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/labelFormats-02-960x480.png?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/archiving.witness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2016/06/labelFormats-02-960x480.png?resize=768%2C384&ssl=1 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /></div> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 10px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote> <h3>Try This: BASIC</h3> <p><a href="http://www.huridocs.org/resource/micro-thesauri/" target="_blank">HURIDOCS</a> provides 48 different <a href="http://www.huridocs.org/resource/micro-thesauri/" target="_blank">micro-thesauri</a>, or lists of terminology, relevant to human rights documentation that can be used to create controlled vocabularies. </p></blockquote> <h3>Document Your Rules</h3> <p>Document your structure and rules and a cataloging manual or “data dictionary” so that all catalogers understand the structure and follow the same rules when entering data. To ensure text is entered into fields consistently, create <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Conrolled Vocabulary" href="#fancyboxID-controlVocab">controlled vocabularies</a>, or lists of allowable terms with preferred spelling. If possible, use built-in tools in your cataloging software— such as drop-down lists or dialog box warnings– to enforce rules.</p> <blockquote> <h3>Try This: ADVANCED</h3> <p><a href="http://www.vocabularyserver.com/" target="_blank">Tema Tres</a> is a content management system for controlled vocabularies. </p></blockquote> <h3>Metadata Standards</h3> <p>A <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata Standard" href="#fancyboxID-metadataStandard">metadata standard</a> is a set of structure and rules for describing all kinds of materials. You do not have to adhere to a standard, but there are two obvious benefits to doing so. One is to save yourself from having to develop your own structure and rules from scratch; the other is to make your data more interoperable –easier to share with others or export to other systems. You can use different metadata standards in combination and add custom structural components and fields to meet your needs.</p> <blockquote> <h3>Try This: BASIC</h3> <p><a href="http://pbcore.org/" target="_blank">PBCore</a> is a metadata standard for audiovisual materials developed by the public broadcasting community in the US. </p></blockquote> <blockquote> <h3>Try This: BASIC</h3> <p><a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/" target="_blank">DublinCore</a> Metadata Element Set is a widely used, simple set of fifteen elements for describing any kind of digital resource. </p></blockquote> <blockquote> <h3>Try This: BASIC</h3> <p><a href="http://www.ica.org/10207/standards/isadg-general-international-standard-archival-description-second-edition.html" target="_blank">General International Standard Archival Description</a> (ISAD(G)) is a standard for describing digital and non-digital archival collections. </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="separator full_width " style="margin-top:10pxpx;margin-bottom:10pxpx;background-color: #dd9933;height:1pxpx;"></div> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/types-metadata"><< Types of Metadata</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/tools-inventories-and-catalogs/">Tools for Inventories and Catalogs >></a></p> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="fancybox-hidden" style="display: none;"> <div id="fancyboxID-metadata" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Metadata</h3> <p>Any information about a video: from technical information embedded in the file that allows the video to function, such as format and duration, to descriptive information about the content to help you understand or find it–such as keywords, security restrictions, geographic locations, and so on. Metadata is critical to any future use, and is important throughout the archiving process.</p> <p>Despite what is sometimes said, images almost never speak for themselves. They require context and description to make sense, to corroborate their factuality, and to be accessible beyond one person’s memory or desktop.</p> <p>Metadata can be automatically generated and embedded in the file, such as with technical metadata, or it can be manually recorded on an external medium, such as with descriptions, security flags, and keywords in a database. Metadata capture sometimes needs to be manually enabled on your device, such as with GPS or location services.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-metadataStandard" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Metadata Standard</h3> <p>A published document that describes how to create, use, and interpret metadata in a specific domain or for a specific purpose, which is intended to establish a common understanding among its users. A metadata standard defines the structure and meaning of its acceptable data elements, rules, and values. Many communities, including broadcasters, social scientists, and art museums, publish metadata standards to meet their descriptive needs.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-complete" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Completeness</h3> <p>The quality of having all of the information a record contained when it was created, and that its original context is maintained. Incomplete records are not as reliable as complete ones, since one might not know what information is missing and why. Transcoding a video to another format can reduce the image quality and discard metadata, making the video less complete and therefore less reliable. Keeping original video files, documenting context, and organizing videos in a way that maintains the original order of video files contributes to the completeness of the video records.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-authenticity" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Authenticity</h3> <p>The quality of being genuine, not fake or counterfeit, and free from tampering. Authenticity means that an object was actually created by the person represented as its creator, and that it was actually created at the time and place that is represented as its time and place of creation. Video footage that has been manipulated or altered but is represented as if it had not been, for example, is not authentic.</p> <p>To authenticate a video means to verify the relationship between it and its creator and point of creation. Documentation about who created something, when and where it was created, and the chain of custody can provide a starting point for this authentication process.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-original" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Original Files</h3> <p>In the digital realm, the “original file” is any copy of a file that is exactly the same (i.e. bit-for-bit) as the file in question when it was created. This means that there are no accidental or deliberate alterations to any aspect of the file, including its format and technical specifications.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-malware" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Malware</h3> <p>A term derived from “malicious software,” and that refers to all computer viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-selection" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Selection</h3> <p>The process of identifying materials to be acquired, or to be preserved, because of their enduring value. Having selection criteria, or a selection policy, helps ensure you acquire and save only what is most important.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-custody" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Chain of Custody</h3> <p>Chronological documentation that shows who has held or controlled a video file from the moment it was created. The ability to show an unbroken chain of custody is one important indicator of the authenticity of a video, and therefore a factor in using video as evidence.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-downloaded" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Download</h3> <p>To receive data from a remote computer system and save it in a local computer system. The inverse of download is “upload.”</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-upload" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Upload</h3> <p>To send data from a local computer system to a remote one. The inverse of upload is “download.”</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-master" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Master</h3> <p>The earliest generation or highest-quality output of a video from which duplicates are made.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-order" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Original Order</h3> <p>The archival principle of maintaining files in the same order they were created. Original order is important to preserve context and the relationship between individual files, so that you can make sense of each file and of the whole. Keeping files in their original context makes them more complete and reliable.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-integrity" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Integrity</h3> <p>The quality of being whole, unaltered, and uncorrupted. A file that is not intact may not be usable or may have decreased informational and evidential value. Videos files can lose their integrity if they are accidentally mishandled, deliberately tampered with, or if data corruption occurs in transfer or storage due to hardware or software malfunction. The best way to ensure integrity is to establish a system to check file fixity regularly (e.g. by computing hashes and checking them against a registry of previously computed hashes) and to restore any corrupted files from an intact copy.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-copyright" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Copyright</h3> <p>A legal protection intended to give the creator of original work exclusive rights to their work for a designated length of time. It gives the creator the exclusive right to copy, use, adapt, show, and distribute their own work, and the right to determine who else can copy, use, adapt, show, and distribute the work.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-transcode" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Transcode</h3> <p>To re-encode a digital file to a different encoding scheme, such as converting an H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video to Apple ProRes. Transcoding is usually done when a video’s encoding is not supported by the system that needs to use it. Transcoding fundamentally alters the file, although lossless methods can allow the original data to be reconstructed from the transcoded data.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-derivative" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Derivative</h3> <p>A copy of a video generated from a master that is usually in a different format and of lower quality than the master. Derivatives can be made for various uses, such as web upload or DVD.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-format" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>File Format</h3> <p>The specification by which a digital file is encoded. Some file formats are designed to store particular kinds of data while others are more like containers that can hold many kinds of data. Common video file formats like Quicktime (.mov), AVI, and mp4 are container formats that contain video and audio streams, metadata, subtitle tracks, etc.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-cli" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Command-Line Interface</h3> <p>A way of interacting with a computer program which involves typing lines of text in a command-line shell. Some programs are only available with command-line interfaces, which facilitate their automation and use in programming scripts. However, command-line interfaces can be harder for casual computer users to interact with than graphical user interfaces (GUI), which use windows, icons, menus, and pointers.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-embedded" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Embedded Metadata</h3> <p>Metadata that is stored within the digital object it describes. Some embedded metadata, such as file size, are essential to the functioning of the file, and are always written to the file by the device or software system. Other embedded metadata are non-essential and can be optionally added (e.g. rights information). Embedded metadata is not guaranteed to be accurate—for example, if your camera is set to the wrong date. Embedded metadata stay with the digital object as long as the object is intact, but can be intentionally stripped or altered. Embedded metadata can be lost if a file is transcoded to another format.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-gui" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Graphical User Interface</h3> <p>A way of interacting with a computer program that involves using windows, icons, menus, and pointers. Most computer users are familiar with graphical user interfaces. GUIs can be easier for casual users to interact with than command-line interfaces (CLI), which require commands to be typed as lines of text.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-hash" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Hash Function</h3> <p>An algorithm that computes a hash value or checksum from any set of data, like a file. Common hash functions include MD5 and SHA1. Hash functions are used to check file integrity and for security purposes.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-hashvalue" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Hash Value</h3> <p>The string of alphanumeric characters that results from running a hash function algorithm on data or a file. The hash value of a file will always remain the same as long as the file is unchanged, so it can be used to identify altered, corrupted, and duplicated files.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-catalog" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Cataloging</h3> <p>Creating and organizing descriptive information in a structured way so that resources can be found, used, and understood. Cataloging expands on basic metadata, and enables users to access content in multiple ways.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-management" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Media Management</h3> <p>The process of keeping track of media, such as the video files in your collection, and overseeing any actions performed on your media, such as backup, refreshment or migration. Media management can be performed manually, or with the aid of a software system (e.g. a media asset management (MAM) system).</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-output" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Output</h3> <p>To export a completed video at the end of the post-production process. It is important to always output a master.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-edl" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Edit Decision List (EDL)</h3> <p>A document used in video post-production that contains a list of clips used in an edited video. EDLs originate from older film and video workflows when editing was a two stage process. Today, they can be used to move editing projects from one software or system to another. EDLs also provide useful documentation, showing what source files were used to create an edited video.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-identifier" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Unique Identifier</h3> <p>A number, word, or symbol for unambiguously identifying and distinguishing an object from other objects in a set. Common everyday unique identifiers include computer logins, credit card numbers, tax ID numbers, and so on. Applying unique identifiers to video files makes it easier to identify, distinguish, and organize videos and related documents.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-package" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Information Package</h3> <p>A self-describing container – usually a clearly named folder or directory – used to keep media and its related documentation or metadata together.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-findability" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Findability</h3> <p>The ability of a user to easily find what they are looking for.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-backup" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Backup</h3> <p>A copy of data, stored in a secondary location, which is used to restore data in the primary storage location that is corrupted or lost. Restoring involves copying data from the backup to the primary storage to replace the corrupted or lost files. Backing up is a storage strategy that allows you to recover from data loss.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-interoperability" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Interoperability</h3> <p>In an information technology (IT) system, the quality of being able to exchange information with another system and being able to use that information. Using widely adopted formats, metadata standards, and controlled vocabularies enhances interoperability.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-repository" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Repository</h3> <p>A system that acquires, stores, monitors, preserves, and provides access to its resources, run by an organization committed to providing long-term access to authenticated content to its users. A repository requires significant infrastructure to build and maintain.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-raid" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)</h3> <p>A storage technology that combines multiple hard drives together to provide fault tolerance and better performance. Data is spread out across the drives, along with additional calculated data, so that data can be re-generated if part of the array fails. RAID protects you against data loss in the case of hardware failure. Unlike backup, RAID does not offer protection against file corruption or deletion, or data loss to malware, theft, or natural disaster.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-synch" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Synchronization</h3> <p>The process of ensuring that computer files in one location are copied to one or more other locations on a regular basis. Synchronization is also referred to as mirroring or replication. Unlike backup, synchronization does not allow you to go “back in time” to recover lost or altered files.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-refresh" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Refreshing</h3> <p>The process of copying data from one storage medium to another to ensure continued access to the information as the storage medium becomes obsolete or degrades over time. It is one strategy for avoiding loss of digital information.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-fixity" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Fixity</h3> <p>Related to integrity, the quality of being unchanged over a given period of time. Fixity maintains the authenticity of an object over time, and is key to the concept of preservation. Long-term fixity requires good policies and handling practices, sustainable infrastructure, and strong security. Regular fixity checks (e.g. computing and comparing checksums) are used to detect changes.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-firewire" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Firewire</h3> <p>An interface standard for transferring data between digital devices, especially audio and video equipment. Developed by Apple in the 1990s, FireWire is becoming obsolete.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-encrypt" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Encryption</h3> <p>The process of encoding your files using a cryptographic algorithm so that only authorized parties with a “key” (e.g. a password) can decrypt them. The two main types of encryption are symmetric-key and public-key. Symmetric-key encryption uses the same key, or password, to encrypt and decrypt information. Public-key encryption uses one key to encrypt, and a different one to decrypt, and is more secure.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-nas" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Network Attached Storage (NAS)</h3> <p>Computer data storage that is accessed through a network. A NAS appliance is a computer that is specially designed to store and serve files over a network.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-san" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Storage Area Network (SAN)</h3> <p>A dedicated network of storage devices shared among multiple servers, designed for fast access and large data transfers.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-dataModel" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Data Model</h3> <p>A description of the way that data is structured in a database. It can define what types of things the data describe, what types of data are included in the descriptions, and how different types of things relate to each other.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-controlVocab" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Controlled Vocabulary</h3> <p>A predefined list of terms used to ensure consistency in cataloging. Since there is usually more than one way to describe or refer to a concept, choosing one term eliminates guesswork and circumvents the normal ambiguities of language (and spelling). Imagine searching for “Doctors” only to later learn that some records use the term “Physicians”. Consistent vocabularies increase the findability of records.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-accessPoint" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Access Points</h3> <p>A predefined list of terms used to ensure consistency in cataloging. Since there is usually more than one way to describe or refer to a concept, choosing one term eliminates guesswork and circumvents the normal ambiguities of language (and spelling). Imagine searching for “Doctors” only to later learn that some records use the term “Physicians”. Consistent vocabularies increase the findability of records.</p> </div> <div id="fancyboxID-entity" class="hentry" style="width: 460px; max-width: 100%;"> <h3>Entity</h3> <p>In data models, an entity is any “thing” that is identified and described with data. For example, if a database keeps track of the model, year, and license plates of all the cars in a sales lot, each car is an entity.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h6>In This Section</h6> <ol> <li><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/introduction/">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/getting-started">Getting Started</a></li> <li><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/types-metadata">Types of Metadata</a></li> <li>Structure and Rules</li> <li><a href="/archive-guide/catalog/tools-inventories-and-catalogs">Tools for Inventories and Catalogs</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="vc_empty_space" style="height: 15px"><span class="vc_empty_space_inner"></span></div> <div class="accordion_holder clearfix wpb_content_element accordion with_icon not-column-inherit"> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Takeaways</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <ul> <li><strong><a class="fancybox-inline" title="Cataloging" href="#fancyboxID-catalog">Cataloging</a> is labor-intensive, and requires training and quality control.</strong></li> <li><strong>Before cataloging, start by making an inventory of your collection.</strong></li> <li>Assess whether you need a catalog, and whether you have the resources to build one.</li> <li>Start cataloging new videos first. Set up a process for cataloging the backlog later.</li> <li>Source <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata" href="#fancyboxID-metadata">metadata</a>, <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Chain of Custody" href="#fancyboxID-custody">chain of custody</a>, descriptive information, and security restrictions are among the most important metadata to catalog for human rights evidentiary video.</li> <li>Define your metadata structure and rules, and document them in a cataloging manual or data dictionary.</li> <li>Using <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata Standard" href="#fancyboxID-metadataStandard">metadata standards</a> can make your work easier and your catalog more <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Interoperability" href="#fancyboxID-interoperability">interoperable</a>.</li> <li>You can use a spreadsheet to make a simple catalog, or a database for a more complex catalog.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Interoperability</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptInteroperability' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Using metadata standards ensures that your metadata can be more easily used and understood by others.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Interoperability" href="#fancyboxID-interoperability">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Data Model</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptdataModel' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>A data model defines how metadata is structured and organized in a catalog.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Data Model" href="#fancyboxID-dataModel">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Controlled Vocabulary</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptVocabulary' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Catalogs use controlled vocabularies to ensure consistency and findability.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Controlled Vocabulary" href="#fancyboxID-controlVocab">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Metadata</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptMetadata' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Metadata is the basis of cataloging.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata" href="#fancyboxID-metadata">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Metadata Standard</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptMetadataStandard' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Cataloging relies on standardized structures and rules for creating metadata.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Metadata Standard" href="#fancyboxID-metadataStandard">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 class="clearfix"><div class="icon-wrapper"><i class="icon-plus-sign"></i></div><span class="tab-title">Key Concept: Findability</span><i class="icon-caret-right"></i><i class="icon-caret-down"></i></h6> <div id='conceptFindability' class="accordion_content"> <div class="accordion_content_inner"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The primary purpose of cataloging is to enable and improve findability.<br /> <a class="fancybox-inline" title="Findability" href="#fancyboxID-findability">Read More</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="separator small center " style="margin-top:10pxpx;margin-bottom:10pxpx;background-color: #e5e5e5;"></div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element "> <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h6>The Archiving Workflow</h6> </div> </div> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid" style="text-align:left;"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-6"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column 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