"Gladiator" a historia prawdziwa. Co jest prawdą, a co wymysłem scenarzystów?

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Co jest prawdą, a co wymysłem scenarzystów? - Film </title> <link href="//ocdn.eu/ucs/static/info/cf947748e384430b1cb06ac75b28d76d/build/css/onet_desktop_detail_article.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" 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d,e=null;return(c=b(c+""))&&!b(c.replace(a,function(a,b,c,f){d&&b&&(e=0);if(0===e)return a;d=c||b;e+=!f-!c;return""}))?Function("return "+c)():null}function l(a,b,c){a.addEventListener?a.addEventListener(b,c,!1):a.attachEvent("on"+b,c)}var f=C();if(null===f||!0!==d(f))for(var f=document.getElementsByTagName("script"), m=0;m<f.length&&!0!==d(f[m]);m++);})(function(a){null===n?n=M(a.paths):e(2.2)},m);var u=[],D=!1;window.addEventListener("scroll",function(){D||setTimeout(function(){E();D=!1},200);D=!0})})(); </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wywiady-i-artykuly/gladiator-a-historia-prawdziwa-co-jest-prawda-a-co-wymyslem-scenarzystow/x6dycy2" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+atom" href="https://kultura.onet.pl/.feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+atom" href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film.feed" /> <meta name="description" content="Czy obsypany nagrodami film "Gladiator" z 2000 r. był wiernym przedstawieniem historii sprzed dwóch tysięcy lat? Bynajmniej. Choć reżyser Ridley Scott do pracy nad scenariuszem zatrudnił kilku historyków, większość filmu to czysta fikcja (choć w produkcji pojawiają się postaci historyczne, jak chociażby Marek Aureliusz). Sam Russell Crowe z początku uznał scenariusz "Gladiatora" za "całkowite bzdury". Co w filmie było zgodne z historią, a co było jedynie wymysłem scenarzystów? 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"Gladiator" był wierny historii? "95 proc. to jednak fikcja" </span> </div> <span data-article-start></span>  <header class="articleTop">   <h1 class="mainTitle" data-scroll="tytul"> Czy film "Gladiator" był wierny historii? "95 proc. to jednak fikcja" </h1>         <div class="articleHeading"> <time class="datePublished"> 15 listopada 2024, 17:00 </time> <div class="source"> </div> <div style="display: none" class="reading-time js-read-time" data-read-time="5" data-read-time-text="5 minut">5 min czytania</div> </div>  <div class="social-container"> <div class="button social fb"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="share" data-run-module="local/main.shareFacebook" data-gtm-social="facebook"> <svg> <use xlink:href="#shareIconFacebookSmall"></use> </svg> <span>FACEBOOK</span> </a> </div> <div class="button social tw"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="share" data-run-module="local/main.shareTwitter" data-gtm-social="twitter"> <svg> <use xlink:href="#shareIconTwitter"></use> </svg> <span>X</span> </a> </div> <div class="button email"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-gtm-social="email" data-run-module="local/main.prepareLink" social="email"> <svg> <use xlink:href="#sendEmail"></use> </svg> <span>E-MAIL</span> </a> </div> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button copy" data-run-module="local/main.copyButton" data-gtm-social="copyButton"> <svg> <use xlink:href="#shareIconCopyLink"></use> </svg> <span>KOPIUJ LINK</span> </a> </div> </header> <div class="whitelistPremium"> <div id="leadContainer" > <div id="lead" class="hyphenate lead " data-scroll="lead"><strong>Czy obsypany nagrodami film "Gladiator" z 2000 r. był wiernym przedstawieniem historii sprzed dwóch tysięcy lat? Bynajmniej. Choć reżyser Ridley Scott do pracy nad scenariuszem zatrudnił kilku historyków, większość filmu to czysta fikcja (choć w produkcji pojawiają się postaci historyczne, jak chociażby Marek Aureliusz). Sam Russell Crowe z początku uznał scenariusz "Gladiatora" za "całkowite bzdury". Co w filmie było zgodne z historią, a co było jedynie wymysłem scenarzystów? Wyjaśniamy.</strong></div> </div> <figure class="mainPhoto"> <div class="holder"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/V0ak9kpTURBXy84YmQ1OTgzZWY3NjJjMTkzN2Q2ODY1YjgzOTg2Y2FjMi5qcGeTlQMAN80H0M0EZZMFzQMUzQG8kwmmN2Y2NDUyBt4AAaEwBg/czy-film-gladiator-byl-wierny-historii-wyjasniamy.avif" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/TJVk9kpTURBXy84YmQ1OTgzZWY3NjJjMTkzN2Q2ODY1YjgzOTg2Y2FjMi5qcGeTlQMAN80H0M0EZZMFzQMUzQG8kwmmNDNmNTNjBt4AAaEwBQ/czy-film-gladiator-byl-wierny-historii-wyjasniamy.webp" type="image/webp"> <img src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/r2Jk9kpTURBXy84YmQ1OTgzZWY3NjJjMTkzN2Q2ODY1YjgzOTg2Y2FjMi5qcGeTlQMAN80H0M0EZZMFzQSwzQKkkwmmMWFjYWVjBt4AAaEwAQ/czy-film-gladiator-byl-wierny-historii-wyjasniamy.jpg" alt=""Gladiator" a historia prawdziwa. Co jest prawdą, a co wymysłem scenarzystów?" title="Czy film "Gladiator" był wierny historii? "95 proc. to jednak fikcja"" width="788" height="444" fetchpriority="high" /> </picture> <span class="copyright">DreamWorks SKG/Universal Pictures/Scott Free Productions / East News</span> </div> <figcaption class="caption"> <span class="imageDescription"> Czy film "Gladiator" był wierny historii? Wyjaśniamy </span> </figcaption> </figure>  </div> </div> <aside class="extraList extraListTop" style="height: 600px;" data-run-module="local/main.setHeightInRelationToElement" data-releatedElement="#articleDetailTop" > <div class="sticky-slot"> <div id="placeholder-right" data-slotname="right" data-position="" data-slotid="onet-ad-right" data-run-module="localmobile/main.defineSimpleAd" data-noplaceholder='true' data-reducedads="false" > </div> </div> </aside> </section> </section> <aside style="width: 100%; clear: both;padding-top: 10px;"> <div class="adPlaceholder placeholder-top" data-slotname="top" data-position="" data-slotid="onet-ad-top" data-ismobile='false' data-maxheight="" data-height="" data-run-module="localmobile/main.defineSimpleAd" data-reducedads="false" > </div> </aside> <section class="pageContent pageWrapper"> <section id="articleDetailBottom" class="articleDetailBottom"> <div class="articleDetail"> <div class="whitelistPremium"> <div class="detailContentWrapper"> <div class="contentShareLeft"> <div id="content-share-top" data-run-module="local/main.desktopSharerBox" class="fb_content_share"> <a class="fb_share " href="javascript:void(0);" data-run-module="local/main.shareFacebook" data-gtm-social="widget_facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-2 0 50 50"> <path d="M26 20v-3c0-1.3.3-2 2.4-2H31v-5h-4c-5 0-7 3.3-7 7v3h-4v5h4v15h6V25h4.4l.6-5h-5z"/> </svg> </a> <a class="tw_share" href="javascript:void(0);" data-run-module="local/main.shareTwitter" data-gtm-social="widget_twitter"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="-1.5 0 16 16"> <use xlink:href="#shareIconTwitter"></use> </svg> </a> <a class="BackToMainPage" href="https://www.onet.pl" data-gtm-social="widget_backToMainPage"> &lsaquo; wróć </a> </div> </div> <div class="detailContent"> <script type="text/javascript">/* <![CDATA[ */ if (!adsNoBanner) onetAds.adSlots.push('flat-intext'); /* ]]> */</script> <div id="detail" class="detail intext articleBody " itemprop="articleBody" data-run-module="local/main.slotBetweenParagraphs" data-premium-slice="1" data-premium-enabled="false" >  <ul class="firstList narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><strong>Krytycy od lat zwracają uwagę, że w kategorii "historycznych produkcji, które mają mało wspólnego z historią" dzieło Ridleya Scotta plasuje się dość wysoko</strong></span></li> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><strong>Historyków z pewnością musiały razić jawne zakłamania w "Gladiatorze" dotyczące kluczowych faktów: jak choćby to, że Marek Aureliusz rzekomo</strong> <strong>zginął z ręki swojego syna Kommodusa</strong></span></li> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><strong>Prawdą jest, że Kommodus zapisał się w historii jako krwawy tyran. Urządzał on igrzyska, podczas których osobiście występował jako gladiator, który w "żartach" potrafił oślepiać i kaleczyć ludzi</strong></span></li> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><strong>Według powstałych analiz cały "Gladiator" jest w 95 proc. fikcją wymyśloną przez scenarzystów. Jak zgodnie z historią wyglądały walki gladiatorów?</strong></span></li> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://www.onet.pl/#utm_source=detal&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=back_to_onet_bullet"><strong>Więcej artykułów znajdziesz na stronie głównej Onetu</strong></a></span></li> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://www.onet.pl/premium?utm_source=detal&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=detalBullet&tpcc=detalBullet"><strong>Szukasz pogłębionych treści? Wejdź na Onet Premium</strong></a></span></li> </ul>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left","position":false}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_2"><strong>Rzymski generał powraca do domu po kolejnej udanej wyprawie wojennej. Zazdrosny o jego wpływy u cesarza dziedzic tronu, Kommodus, zleca egzekucję generała i jego rodziny. Cudem unikając śmierci, Maximus zostaje wzięty w niewolę i jest szkolony na gladiatora, co przysparza mu rosnącą popularność... Wraca do Rzymu, chcąc pomścić zabójstwo syna i żony. Tyle dowiadujemy się z filmu w skrócie.</strong></p>  <aside class="intext" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"slotName":"flat-link1","position":1}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/recenzje/gladiator-2-kino-na-sterydach-najwiekszym-widowiskiem-swiata-rzadzi-chaos-recenzja/hzlx7x7">Widziałem "Gladiatora 2". "Największym widowiskiem świata" rządzi chaos [RECENZJA]</a></span></li> </ul>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_4">Rola Maximusa, rzymskiego generała w obsypanym nagrodami filmie <a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/gladiator-film" id="eb0e8c58-5e50-4bbf-a399-64cee6254a07" title="Miecz wbijano w serce po rękojeść. Czy "Gladiator" przedstawia prawdziwą historię?">"Gladiator"</a> z 2000 r. przyniosła Russellowi Crowe Oscara za najlepszą męską rolę pierwszoplanową. Wieść niosła, że statuetka trafiła do kurnika na ranczo aktora w Australii. Co ciekawe, sam Crowe w wywiadzie dla "Vanity Fair" przyznał, że po przeczytaniu pierwszej wersji scenariusza był bliski decyzji o odejściu z produkcji — <strong>jego zdaniem scenariusz był... "całkowicie bzdurny".</strong></p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_5">"To, czego nie byłem pewien jeśli chodzi o Gladiatora, to cały ten świat, który otaczał bohatera. U źródła tego, co chcieliśmy nakręcić, był świetny pomysł, ale scenariusz filmu był bzdurny. Całkowicie bzdurny. Znalazło się w nim bardzo dużo dziwnych scen. Były m.in. sceny z rydwanami i tym, jak były używane przez gladiatorów. Albo sceny opowiadające o tym, jak to gladiatorzy reklamowali konkretne produkty na bazie oliwy. Miało to pokrycie w faktach, ale współczesny widz zastanawiałby się tylko: o co w tym, k***a, chodzi? Energia była w wielu miejscach pęknięta" — przyznawał <a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/russell-crowe" id="773a2c72-6c52-462a-886c-2faf787bb0ed">Russell Crowe</a>.</p>   <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wiadomosci/russell-crowe-wyjasnia-dlaczego-chcial-uciec-z-planu-zdjeciowego-gladiatora/sxgbqbr">Russell Crowe wyjaśnia, dlaczego chciał uciec z planu zdjęciowego "Gladiatora"</a></span></li> </ul>   <a name="image_41d7c324-1285-4902-9f41-f152bd7262de" style="position:relative; top:-100px; display: block"></a> <div class="image withCaption" data-item-uuid="2bcba090-c926-4a0e-baa6-cb29bd4c57d9"> <div class="image" data-item-uuid="2bcba090-c926-4a0e-baa6-cb29bd4c57d9"> <div class="imageCaptionWrapper" style="max-width: 386.10400000000004px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; float:none;" > <div class="imageWrapper holder" style="padding-top: 149.7005988023952%"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/FIDk9kpTURBXy8zOWJlNWY3ODZlN2MxMmEzZThiYWQyMmE0ZmJjMWQxNC5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/y45k9kpTURBXy8zOWJlNWY3ODZlN2MxMmEzZThiYWQyMmE0ZmJjMWQxNC5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="lazyImg" loading="lazy" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/1ffk9kpTURBXy8zOWJlNWY3ODZlN2MxMmEzZThiYWQyMmE0ZmJjMWQxNC5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwAQ" alt="Russell Crowe w filmie "Gladiator" z 2000 r." /> </picture> <span class="author"> DreamWorks SKG/Universal Pictures/Scott Free Productions/Collect / East News</span> </div> <span class="caption"> Russell Crowe w filmie "Gladiator" z 2000 r. </span> </div> </div> </div>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_8">Reżyser, Ridley Scott, miał zapewnić aktora, że "nie nakręcą niczego, w co Russell nie wierzyłby w 100 proc.". Gdy zdjęcia do filmu wreszcie ruszyły, <strong>było łącznie jedynie 21 stron w pełni zaakceptowanego przez niego scenariusza...</strong></p>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left2","position":1}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_9">Jak naprawdę wyglądała historia żołnierza, która zapewniła filmowi z 2000 r. aż pięć Oscarów, w tym za najlepszy film?</p>   <a name="image_01479463-0489-4117-912f-f224b670c3ca" style="position:relative; top:-100px; display: block"></a> <div class="image " data-item-uuid="2e769c45-2a13-458d-9865-7edad7e54203"> <div class="image" data-item-uuid="2e769c45-2a13-458d-9865-7edad7e54203"> <div class="imageCaptionWrapper" > <div class="imageWrapper holder" style="padding-top: 12.5%"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/Itck9kpTURBXy85ODA1YmY4ODg1MjE1ZDRlM2JlNDY3NWUxYWUxMWNkMC5qcGeTlQMAAM0DIMxklQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/oYNk9kpTURBXy85ODA1YmY4ODg1MjE1ZDRlM2JlNDY3NWUxYWUxMWNkMC5qcGeTlQMAAM0DIMxklQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="lazyImg" loading="lazy" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/mNXk9kpTURBXy85ODA1YmY4ODg1MjE1ZDRlM2JlNDY3NWUxYWUxMWNkMC5qcGeTlQMAAM0DIMxklQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwAQ" alt="" /> </picture> <span class="author"> Onet</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <h2 class="narrow">"Gladiator" a historia prawdziwa</h2>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_12">Pierwowzorem postaci Maximusa był Marek Noniusz Makrinus, ulubiony generał Marka Aureliusza. <strong>Czy wobec tego "Gladiator" jest wiernym przedstawieniem historii sprzed dwóch tysięcy lat? Bynajmniej</strong>. Krytycy i eksperci od lat zwracają uwagę, że w kategorii "historycznych produkcji, które mają mało wspólnego z historią" dzieło Ridleya Scotta plasuje się dość wysoko.</p>   <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wywiady-i-artykuly/gladiator-rocznica-premiery-fabula-informacje-o-filmie-ciekawostki/1vcnb81" title="Story bez tytułu">"Nasze czyny za życia brzmią echem w wieczności"</a></span></li> </ul>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_14">Trzeba jednak oddać reżyserowi, że do pracy nad scenariuszem zatrudnił ponoć kilku historyków. Jeden z nich miał zrezygnować z pracy nad filmem, gdy zorientował się, jak bardzo powstająca produkcja będzie rozmijać się z prawdą.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_15">Odsuwając na chwilę na bok samego głównego bohatera, <strong>historyków z pewnością musiały razić jawne zakłamania dotyczące kluczowych faktów.</strong> </p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_16">I tak<strong> </strong>cesarz Marek Aureliusz (w filmie w tej roli Richard Harris) <strong>wcale nie zginął z ręki swojego syna Kommodusa</strong> (którego brawurową kreację stworzył w produkcji Joaquin Phoenix) — źródła nie rozstrzygają jednoznacznie, jaka była przyczyna śmierci cesarza rzymskiego. "Historia Augusta" sugeruje, że Marek Aureliusz zmarł na szalejącą wówczas dżumę. <strong>Miało to nastąpić 17 marca 180 r. w Vindobonie (dzisiejszy w dzisiejszym Wiedniu) lub w Sirmium</strong>.</p>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left2","position":2}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_17">Co warte odnotowania, przez trzy lata przed śmiercią cesarz współrządził już z synem, przygotowując go przez ten czas do roli swojego następcy. Trudno więc uznać, by Kommodus faktycznie miał czuć się zagrożony...</p>   <a name="image_7a79d94a-28bc-44df-b8ca-afa84222f481" style="position:relative; top:-100px; display: block"></a> <div class="image withCaption" data-item-uuid="b629a314-af18-49dd-be3c-8d60f6365682"> <div class="image" data-item-uuid="b629a314-af18-49dd-be3c-8d60f6365682"> <div class="imageCaptionWrapper" > <div class="imageWrapper holder" style="padding-top: 68.72727272727272%"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/d5ck9kpTURBXy8zNzY4ZGI1YzkyODQ1YjBiODgyZWMzZGY1YTg5ZjU4OS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/RTZk9kpTURBXy8zNzY4ZGI1YzkyODQ1YjBiODgyZWMzZGY1YTg5ZjU4OS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="lazyImg" loading="lazy" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/nVlk9kpTURBXy8zNzY4ZGI1YzkyODQ1YjBiODgyZWMzZGY1YTg5ZjU4OS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwAQ" alt="Joaquin Phoenix jako Kommodus w filmie "Gladiator" z 2000 r." /> </picture> <span class="author"> Getty Images</span> </div> <span class="caption"> Joaquin Phoenix jako Kommodus w filmie "Gladiator" z 2000 r. </span> </div> </div> </div>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_19">Prawdą z kolei jest, że Kommodus zapisał się w historii jako władca, na którego panowanie przypadły rządy okrutnej, krwawej tyranii. Urządzał on krwawe igrzyska, podczas których osobiście występował jako gladiator, a <strong>jego żarty miały polegać na oślepianiu i kaleczeniu ludzi.</strong> Podobnie jak niektórzy wcześniejsi poprzednicy (zwłaszcza Kaligula czy Domicjan) wymagał oddawania sobie czci boskiej. Pod koniec panowania kazał się też uznać za... nowe wcielenie Herkulesa.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_20">Kommodus jako gladiator rzecz jasna zawsze zwyciężał, lecz jeśli jego przeciwnicy się poddali, oszczędzał ich. <strong>Zabił ponadto na arenie sto lwów, trzy słonie i żyrafę</strong>.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_21">Co więcej, historyczna postać wcale nie zginęła na arenie, jak pokazano w filmie.</p>   <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/starozytny-cesarz-slynacy-z-okrucienstwa-widzowie-przygryzali-wargi-ze-zgrozy/crlz4l0" title="Story bez tytułu">Okrutny cesarz. Makabryczne "żarty" gladiatora</a></span></li> </ul>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_23">Wracając do Maximusa — choć postać ta powstała w oparciu o postaci historyczne, sam bohater był postacią od początku do końca zmyśloną.<strong> Według powstałych analiz także cały "Gladiator" jest w 95 proc. fikcją wymyśloną przez scenarzystów.</strong></p>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left2","position":3}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_24">Postać Maximusa była wzorowana łącznie na kilku postaciach, choć w pierwszej kolejności wspomina się głównie Marka Noniusza Markinusa, który był nie tylko dowódcą kampanii wojennych cesarza, ale także przyjacielem i doradcą Marka Aureliusza.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_25">W postaci wykreowanej przez Russela Crowe znajdziemy także echa <a href="https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/to-powstanie-zatrzeslo-rzymem-buntownikow-spotkala-okrutna-kara/s1w16m5" id="d2a06b4a-5d28-407d-aee7-7a37858ebde9" title="Story bez tytułu">biografii Spartakusa</a>, sławnego gladiatora i niewolnika, który był przywódcą największego i najgroźniejszego w historii Rzymu powstania niewolników, <strong>Lucjusza Kwinkcjusza Cyncynata</strong> — rzymskiego konsula i dyktatora, który po odniesionym zwycięstwie zrzekł się jednak urzędu i związanej z nim nieograniczonej władzy, by powrócić do pracy na roli. Stał się przez to symbolem cnót obywatela rzymskiego.</p>   <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/to-powstanie-zatrzeslo-rzymem-buntownikow-spotkala-okrutna-kara/s1w16m5" title="Story bez tytułu">To powstanie zatrzęsło całym Rzymem. Buntowników spotkała okrutna kara</a></span></li> </ul>   <a name="image_26bb60f1-d68b-4525-9fde-a493d4370e5c" style="position:relative; top:-100px; display: block"></a> <div class="image withCaption" data-item-uuid="b24c686d-a026-4cd9-ab45-91d281018712"> <div class="image" data-item-uuid="b24c686d-a026-4cd9-ab45-91d281018712"> <div class="imageCaptionWrapper" > <div class="imageWrapper holder" style="padding-top: 77.02779353374929%"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/virk9kpTURBXy85MjcxZGM4MmJmNTgyZjA5MjhlYzNjNDkxYzJkY2QyYS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/f0Zk9kpTURBXy85MjcxZGM4MmJmNTgyZjA5MjhlYzNjNDkxYzJkY2QyYS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="lazyImg" loading="lazy" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/4sMk9kpTURBXy85MjcxZGM4MmJmNTgyZjA5MjhlYzNjNDkxYzJkY2QyYS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwAQ" alt="Śmierć Spartakusa" /> </picture> <span class="author"> Hermann Vogel / Wikimedia/ domena publiczna</span> </div> <span class="caption"> Śmierć Spartakusa </span> </div> </div> </div>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_28">Badacze wskazują też na częściową zbieżność historii filmowego Maximusa z losami jednego z rzymskich atletów, który w ramach zaplanowanego na dworze spisku udusił Kommodusa.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_29">Co jeszcze w scenariuszu "Gladiatora" mogło wywoływać sprzeciw wśród historyków?</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_30">Nieprawdą jest, że cesarz Marek Aureliusz zakazał walk gladiatorów. Ich walk zakazano formalnie dopiero w IV w., choć wbrew zakazowi odbywały się one jeszcze aż do roku 681. <strong>Pierwszym oficjalnym aktem w tej sprawie był edykt cesarza Konstantyna Wielkiego z 326 r., który wprost zakazał walk gladiatorskich</strong>.</p>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left2","position":4}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <ul class="narrow" data-scroll="bullet"> <li><span class="elementListWrapper"><a href="https://podroze.onet.pl/ciekawe/ten-cesarz-byl-uosobieniem-wszystkich-perwersji/82btm95" title="Miecz ">Ten cesarz był uosobieniem wszystkich perwersji. Jego koniec okazał się tragiczny</a></span></li> </ul>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_32">Jak wyglądała śmierć na arenie? Zgodnie ze źródłami, gdy pokonany niewolnik nie mógł już dłużej kontynuować walki, wykonywał <strong>symboliczne gesty</strong>: odrzucał tarczę i miecz, <strong>następnie klękał na kolana, kładąc ręce na plecy</strong>. W tej pozycji oczekiwał na okazanie łaski.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_33">Innym gestem było odrzucenie broni i uklęknięcie przed zwycięzcą z pochyloną głową, obejmując go za nogę. W takiej pozycji przyjmował <strong>śmiertelny cios mieczem</strong>, który zwycięzca wbijał mu oburącz w plecy, w okolicy lewej łopatki. <strong>Gdy miał głowę podniesioną, przyjmował wówczas cios prosto w serce, między lewy obojczyk a szyję</strong>.</p>   <a name="image_614960af-f4b5-41de-8462-6e351a869dba" style="position:relative; top:-100px; display: block"></a> <div class="image withCaption" data-item-uuid="3a965965-d0a4-4ace-b9a5-2f85903609e9"> <div class="image" data-item-uuid="3a965965-d0a4-4ace-b9a5-2f85903609e9"> <div class="imageCaptionWrapper" > <div class="imageWrapper holder" style="padding-top: 40.730593607305934%"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/h-Ck9kpTURBXy81ZjE5OGJjMzMxNThmNjkyMjhkNWZmYWYyZjQ5YzZjNS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/1a0k9kpTURBXy81ZjE5OGJjMzMxNThmNjkyMjhkNWZmYWYyZjQ5YzZjNS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="lazyImg" loading="lazy" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/5GRk9kpTURBXy81ZjE5OGJjMzMxNThmNjkyMjhkNWZmYWYyZjQ5YzZjNS5qcGeSlQLNAxQAwsOVAgDNAvjCw94AAaEwAQ" alt="Gladiatorzy - mozaika z Villa Borghese" /> </picture> <span class="author"> Wiki Commons</span> </div> <span class="caption"> Gladiatorzy - mozaika z Villa Borghese </span> </div> </div> </div>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_35">Podniesiony kciuk edytora oznaczał gest <strong>wbicia miecza w nasadę szyi aż po samą rękojeść</strong>.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_36">Czy "Gladiatora" Ridleya Scotta warto zatem w ogóle oglądać? Jak najbardziej. I są zgodni co do tego również sami krytycy. "Film Scotta najlepiej emocjonalnie przeżywać, a nie uczyć się z niego historii" — <a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wywiady-i-artykuly/gladiator-rocznica-premiery-fabula-informacje-o-filmie-ciekawostki/1vcnb81" id="88d812fc-4228-447e-806b-cd583dfc1114">zastrzegał jednak na łamach Onetu Darek Kuźma</a>.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_37">Mimo przebojów, produkcja stała się jednym z najbardziej kasowych filmów w historii kina. <strong>"Gladiator" zarobił ponad 457 mln dol.</strong> (przy budżecie wynoszącym 103 mln dol.).</p>  <aside class="intext placeholder wide floating" style="padding-top:330px" data-configuration='{"extraData":{"lazy":1},"floatingHeight":"0","slotName":"left2","position":5}' data-run-module="local/main.intextAd" ></aside>  <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_38">O sequelu zaczęto mówić już rok po premierze oryginału, w 2001 r. "Gladiator II" trafił na ekrany polskich kin 15 listopada 2024 r.</p>   <p class="hyphenate narrow " data-scroll="paragraph_39"><em>Źródła: imperiumromanum.pl, Wikipedia, Onet, Ciekawostki Historyczne</em></p>   </div> <div class="afterDetailModules"> </div> <div data-run-module="local/main.liveblogAds" data-type="desktop" data-reducedads="false">  </div> <span data-article-end></span> <div id="googleAdsCont"> <div class="adPlaceholder placeholder-rectangle1" data-slotname="rectangle1" data-position="" data-slotid="onet-ad-rectangle1" data-ismobile='false' data-maxheight="" data-height="" data-run-module="localmobile/main.defineSimpleAd" data-reducedads="false" > </div> <div class="adPlaceholder placeholder-rectangle3" data-slotname="rectangle3" data-position="" data-slotid="onet-ad-rectangle3" data-ismobile='false' data-maxheight="" data-height="" data-run-module="localmobile/main.defineSimpleAd" data-reducedads="false" > </div> </div> <div class="followUs "> <em>Dziękujemy, że przeczytałaś/eś nasz artykuł do końca. </em> <div> <em>Bądź na bieżąco! </em> <a href=https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqKggKIiRDQklTRlFnTWFoRUtEMnQxYkhSMWNtRXViMjVsZEM1d2JDZ0FQAQ?hl=pl&gl=PL&ceid=PL%3Apl > <em>Obserwuj</em> </a> <em> nas w Wiadomościach Google.</em> </div> </div> <div id="placeholder-flat-leadbanner" data-slotname="flat-leadbanner" data-position="" data-slotid="onet-ad-flat-leadbanner" data-run-module="localmobile/main.defineSimpleAd" data-noplaceholder='true' data-reducedads="null" > </div> <div id="articleFooterAuthorSource" class="articleFooter"> <div class="authorsSources"> <div class="initialsWrapper"> <span class="authorItem" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" title="Autor:"> <span> <span class="authorItemName" itemprop="name">ASR</span> </span> </span> </div> <span class="sourcesLabel"> Źródło: </span> <span itemprop="sourceOrganization"> <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <a data-gtm="source-profile" href="http://www.onet.pl/" title="Media" target="_blank" > <span itemprop="name"> Media</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class="authorsClear"></span> </div> </div> <div id="articleFooterDates" class="articleFooter"> <div class="dates"> <span class="dateLabel">Data utworzenia: </span> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-11-15 17:00:00+0100"/> <span class="datePublishedContent">15 listopada 2024 17:00</span> </div> </div>  <div id="relatedTopics" class="relatedTopics"> <span id="seeAlsoRelatedTopics">Tematy: </span> <span class="relatedTopic"><a href="/najnowsze" title="Najnowsze wiadomości" data-no-layer="true">Najnowsze wiadomości</a></span><span class="relatedTopic">, <a href="/russell-crowe-aktor" title="Russell Crowe" data-no-layer="true">Russell Crowe</a></span><span class="relatedTopic">, <a href="/ridley-scott-rezyser" title="Ridley Scott" data-no-layer="true">Ridley Scott</a></span><span class="relatedTopic">, <a href="/gladiator-2" title=""Gladiator 2"" data-no-layer="true">"Gladiator 2"</a></span> </div>  </div> <div id="widgetStop"></div> </div> </div> <script related="[]"> window.relatedMaterials = JSON.parse(document.currentScript.getAttribute('related')); </script>   <script type="application/json" data-run-module="local/relatedItems.init"> {"items":[],"nativePosition":{"1":1},"isMobile":false,"title":"Podobne artykuły","reducedAds":false,"latestFromCategoryTypeAd":"nativeInFeed"} </script> <section class="latestFromCategory" data-section="latestFromCategory"> <h2>To również Cię zainteresuje</h2> <div class="content "> <a href="https://kultura.onet.pl/film/wywiady-i-artykuly/rola-hansa-klossa-zapewnila-mu-popularnosc-zycie-nie-szczedzilo-mu-cierpien/s461py2" class="news" data-gtm="latestFromCategory1" data-lps-url="href"> <picture> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/c0Lk9kpTURBXy9lNTU3Y2EzMWYxNmJiZTg2MTU3ZWE4Y2U0MDZhOTQ1Mi5qcGeSlQMAzJDNA6zNAhGTBc0B4M0BDt4AAaEwBg" type="image/avif"> <source srcset="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/P9Qk9kpTURBXy9lNTU3Y2EzMWYxNmJiZTg2MTU3ZWE4Y2U0MDZhOTQ1Mi5qcGeSlQMAzJDNA6zNAhGTBc0B4M0BDt4AAaEwBQ" type="image/webp"> <img class="newsImage" loading="lazy" data-lps-img="src" data-lps-title="alt" src="//ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/Rxck9kpTURBXy9lNTU3Y2EzMWYxNmJiZTg2MTU3ZWE4Y2U0MDZhOTQ1Mi5qcGeSlQMAzJDNA6zNAhGTBc0B4M0BDt4AAaEwAQ" alt="" width="480" height="270" /> </picture> <span class="title" data-lps-inner-title>Superman socjalizmu. 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"Gladiator" a historia prawdziwa. Co jest prawdą, a co wymysłem scenarzystów? - Film