CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: pressurized cast iron pipes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pressurized cast iron pipes"> <meta name="keywords" content="pressurized cast iron pipes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="pressurized cast iron pipes" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pressurized cast iron pipes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1550</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pressurized cast iron pipes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1550</span> Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Corrosion Affected Cast Iron Pipes with Mixed Mode Fracture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Qing%20Li">Chun-Qing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoyang%20Fu"> Guoyang Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yang"> Wei Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant portion of current water networks is made of cast iron pipes. Due to aging and deterioration with corrosion being the most predominant mechanism, the failure rate of cast iron pipes is very high. Although considerable research has been carried out in the past few decades, most are on the effect of corrosion on the structural capacity of pipes using strength theory as the failure criterion. This paper presents a reliability-based methodology for the assessment of corrosion affected cast iron pipe cracking failures. A nonlinear limit state function taking into account all three fracture modes is proposed for brittle metal pipes with mixed mode fracture. A stochastic model of the load effect is developed, and time-dependent reliability method is employed to quantify the probability of failure and predict the remaining service life. A case study is carried out using the proposed methodology, followed by sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of the random variables on the probability of failure. It has been found that the larger the inclination angle or the Mode I fracture toughness is, the smaller the probability of pipe failure is. It has also been found that the multiplying and exponential coefficients k and n in the power law corrosion model and the internal pressure have the most influence on the probability of failure for cast iron pipes. The methodology presented in this paper can assist pipe engineers and asset managers in developing a risk-informed and cost-effective strategy for better management of corrosion-affected pipelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20surface%20cracks" title=" inclined surface cracks"> inclined surface cracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes" title=" pressurized cast iron pipes"> pressurized cast iron pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity" title=" stress intensity"> stress intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61735/time-dependent-reliability-analysis-of-corrosion-affected-cast-iron-pipes-with-mixed-mode-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1549</span> Investigation of the Fading Time Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Vermicular Cast Iron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Ekici">Mehmet Ekici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the fading time affecting the mechanical properties and microstructures of vermicular cast iron were studied. Pig iron and steel scrap weighing about 12 kg were charged into the high-frequency induction furnace crucible and completely melted for production of vermicular cast iron. The slag was skimmed using a common flux. After fading time was set at 1. 3 and 5 minutes. In this way, three vermicular cast iron was produced that same composition but different phase structures. The microstructure of specimens was investigated, and uni-axial tensile test and the Charpy impact test were performed, and their micro-hardness measurements were done in order to characterize the mechanical behaviours of vermicular cast iron. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vermicular%20cast%20iron" title="vermicular cast iron">vermicular cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20time" title=" fading time"> fading time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test%20and%20impact%20test" title=" tensile test and impact test"> tensile test and impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61560/investigation-of-the-fading-time-effects-on-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-in-vermicular-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1548</span> Influence of Pouring Temperature on the Formation of Spheroidal and Lamellar Graphite in Cast Iron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Ekici">Mehmet Ekici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of pouring temperature on the microstructure of the cast iron. The pattern was designed with 300 mm of width, and the thickness variations are 1.25 mm and poured at five different temperatures; 1300, 1325, 1350, 1375 and 1400°C. Several cast irons, prepared with different chemical compositions and microstructures (three lamellar and three spheroidal structures) have been examined by extensive mechanical testing and optical microscopy. The fluidity of spheroidal and lamellar graphite in cast iron increases with the pouring temperature. The numbers of nodules were decreased by increasing pouring temperature for spheroidal structures. Whereas, the numbers of flakes of lamellar structures changed by both pouring temperature and chemical composition. In general, with increasing pouring temperature, the amount of pearlite in the internal structure of both lamellar and spheroidal graphite cast iron materials were increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spheroidal%20graphite%20cast%20iron" title="spheroidal graphite cast iron">spheroidal graphite cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamellar%20graphite%20in%20cast%20iron" title=" lamellar graphite in cast iron"> lamellar graphite in cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pouring%20temperature" title=" pouring temperature"> pouring temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test%20and%20impact%20test" title=" tensile test and impact test"> tensile test and impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61555/influence-of-pouring-temperature-on-the-formation-of-spheroidal-and-lamellar-graphite-in-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1547</span> Analyzing Defects with Failure Assessment Diagrams of Gas Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfred%20Hasanaj">Alfred Hasanaj </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardit%20Gjeta"> Ardit Gjeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miranda%20Kullolli"> Miranda Kullolli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The approach in analyzing defects on different pipe lines is conducted through Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD). These methods of analyses have further extended in recent years. This approach is used to identify and stress out a solution for the defects which randomly occur with gas pipes such are corrosion defects, gauge defects, and combination of defects where gauge and dents are included. Few of the defects are to be analyzed in this paper where our main focus will be the fracture of cast Iron pipes, elastic-plastic failure and plastic collapse of X52 steel pipes for gas transport. We need to conduct a calculation of probability of the defects in order to predict and avoid such costly defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title="defects">defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20assessment%20diagrams" title=" failure assessment diagrams"> failure assessment diagrams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20pipes" title=" steel pipes"> steel pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor "> safety factor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9044/analyzing-defects-with-failure-assessment-diagrams-of-gas-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1546</span> Assessment of Ultra-High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of EN-GJL-250 Cast Iron Using Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Bakhtiari">Saeedeh Bakhtiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Depessemier"> Johannes Depessemier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stijn%20Hertel%C3%A9"> Stijn Hertelé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wim%20De%20Waele"> Wim De Waele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High cycle fatigue comprising up to 10<sup>7</sup> load cycles has been the subject of many studies, and the behavior of many materials was recorded adequately in this regime. However, many applications involve larger numbers of load cycles during the lifetime of machine components. In this ultra-high cycle regime, other failure mechanisms play, and the concept of a fatigue endurance limit (assumed for materials such as steel) is often an oversimplification of reality. When machine component design demands a high geometrical complexity, cast iron grades become interesting candidate materials. Grey cast iron is known for its low cost, high compressive strength, and good damping properties. However, the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of cast iron is poorly documented. The current work focuses on the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of EN-GJL-250 (GG25) grey cast iron by developing an ultrasonic (20 kHz) fatigue testing system. Moreover, the testing machine is instrumented to measure the temperature and the displacement of  the specimen, and to control the temperature. The high resonance frequency allowed to assess the  behavior of the cast iron of interest within a matter of days for ultra-high numbers of cycles, and repeat the tests to quantify the natural scatter in fatigue resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GG25" title="GG25">GG25</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast%20iron" title=" cast iron"> cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue" title=" ultra-high cycle fatigue"> ultra-high cycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20test" title=" ultrasonic test"> ultrasonic test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110405/assessment-of-ultra-high-cycle-fatigue-behavior-of-en-gjl-250-cast-iron-using-ultrasonic-fatigue-testing-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1545</span> Study the Influence of the Type of Cast Iron Chips on the Quality of Briquettes Obtained with Controlled Impact</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20N.%20Karastoianov">Dimitar N. Karastoianov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20D.%20Gyoshev"> Stanislav D. Gyoshev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todor%20N.%20Penchev"> Todor N. Penchev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preparation of briquettes of metal chips with good density and quality is of great importance for the efficiency of this process. In this paper are presented the results of impact briquetting of grey cast iron chips with rectangular shape and dimensions 15x25x1 mm. Density and quality of briquettes of these chips are compared with those obtained in another work of the authors using cast iron chips with smaller sizes. It has been found that by using a rectangular chips with a large size are produced briquettes with a very low density and poor quality. From the photographs taken by X-ray tomography, it is clear that the reason for this is the orientation of the chip in the peripheral wall of the briquettes, which does not allow of the air to escape from it. It was concluded that in order to obtain briquettes of cast iron chips with a large size, these chips must first be ground, for example in a small ball mill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquetting" title="briquetting">briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chips" title=" chips"> chips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20engine" title=" rocket engine"> rocket engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33205/study-the-influence-of-the-type-of-cast-iron-chips-on-the-quality-of-briquettes-obtained-with-controlled-impact" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1544</span> Influence of Raw Material Composition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nodular Cast Iron </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Va%C5%A1ko">Alan Vaško</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Belan"> Juraj Belan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Hurtalov%C3%A1"> Lenka Hurtalová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Tillov%C3%A1"> Eva Tillová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of raw material composition on the microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties and micromechanisms of failure of nodular cast iron. In order to evaluate the influence of charge composition, the structural analysis, mechanical and fatigue tests and micro fractographic analysis were carried out on specimens of ten melts with different charge compositions. The basic charge of individual melts was formed by a different ratio of pig iron and steel scrap and by different additive for regulation of chemical composition (silicon carbide or ferrosilicon). The results show differences in mechanical and fatigue properties, which are connected with the microstructure. SiC additive positively influences microstructure. Consequently, mechanical and fatigue properties of nodular cast iron are improved, especially in the melts with the higher ratio of steel scrap in the charge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodular%20cast%20iron" title="nodular cast iron">nodular cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20carbide" title=" silicon carbide"> silicon carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20276/influence-of-raw-material-composition-on-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-nodular-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1543</span> To Study the Effect of Optic Fibre Laser Cladding of Cast Iron with Silicon Carbide on Wear Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kshitij%20Sawke">Kshitij Sawke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradnyavant%20Kamble"> Pradnyavant Kamble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrikant%20Patil"> Shrikant Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the effect on wear rate of laser clad of cast iron with silicon carbide. Metal components fail their desired use because they wear, which causes them to lose their functionality. The laser has been used as a heating source to create a melt pool over the surface of cast iron, and then a layer of hard silicon carbide is deposited. Various combinations of power and feed rate of laser have experimented. A suitable range of laser processing parameters was identified. Wear resistance and wear rate properties were evaluated and the result showed that the wear resistance of the laser treated samples was exceptional to that of the untreated samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20clad" title="laser clad">laser clad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing%20parameters" title=" processing parameters"> processing parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20rate" title=" wear rate"> wear rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title=" wear resistance"> wear resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76458/to-study-the-effect-of-optic-fibre-laser-cladding-of-cast-iron-with-silicon-carbide-on-wear-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1542</span> Tribocorrosion Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron Microalloyed with Boron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gvazava">S. Gvazava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khidasheli"> N. Khidasheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Gordeziani"> G. Gordeziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20DL.%20Batako"> A. DL. Batako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work presented in this paper studied the tribological characteristics (wear resistance, friction coefficient) of austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different combinations of structural composition (upper bainite, lower bainite, retained austenite) in dry sliding friction. A range of structural states of the metal matrix was obtained by changing the regimes of isothermal quenching of high-strength cast iron. The tribological tests were carried out using two sets of isothermal quenched cast irons. After austenitization at 900°С for 60 minutes, the specimens from the first group were isothermally quenched at the 300°С temperature and the specimens from the second set – at 400°С. The investigations showed that the isothermal quenching increases the friction coefficient of high-strength cast irons. The friction coefficient was found to be in the range from 0.4 to 0.55 for cast irons, depending on the structures of the metal matrix. The quenched cast irons having lower bainite demonstrate higher wear resistance in dry friction conditions. The dependence of wear resistance on the amount of retained austenite in isothermal quenched cast irons has a nonlinear characteristic and reaches its maximum value when the content of retained austenite is about 15-22%. The boron micro-additives allowed to reduce the friction coefficient of ADI and increase their wear resistance by 1.5-1.7 times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title="wear resistance">wear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20sliding" title=" dry sliding"> dry sliding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austempering" title=" austempering"> austempering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADI" title=" ADI"> ADI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20coefficient" title=" friction coefficient"> friction coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retained%20austenite" title=" retained austenite"> retained austenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20quenching" title=" isothermal quenching"> isothermal quenching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143702/tribocorrosion-behavior-of-austempered-ductile-iron-microalloyed-with-boron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1541</span> Effects of Test Environment on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Cast Iron, Zinc-Aluminium Alloy and Its Composite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20M.%20Khan">Mohammad M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajendra%20Dixit"> Gajendra Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partially lubricated sliding wear behaviour of a zinc-based alloy reinforced with 10wt% SiC particles has been studied as a function of applied load and solid lubricant particle size and has been compared with that of matrix alloy and conventionally used grey cast iron. The wear tests were conducted at the sliding velocities of 2.1m/sec in various partial lubricated conditions using pin on disc machine as per ASTM G-99-05. Base oil (SAE 20W-40) or mixture of the base oil with 5wt% graphite of particle sizes (7-10 µm) and (100 µm) were used for creating lubricated conditions. The matrix alloy revealed primary dendrites of a and eutectoid a + h and Î phases in the Inter dendritic regions. Similar microstructure has been depicted by the composite with an additional presence of the dispersoid SiC particles. In the case of cast iron, flakes of graphite were observed in the matrix; the latter comprised of (majority of) pearlite and (limited quantity of) ferrite. Results show a large improvement in wear resistance of the zinc-based alloy after reinforcement with SiC particles. The cast iron shows intermediate response between the matrix alloy and composite. The solid lubrication improved the wear resistance and friction behaviour of both the reinforced and base alloy. Moreover, minimum wear rate is obtained in oil+ 5wt % graphite (7-10 µm) lubricated environment for the matrix alloy and composite while for cast iron addition of solid lubricant increases the wear rate and minimum wear rate is obtained in case of oil lubricated environment. The cast iron experienced higher frictional heating than the matrix alloy and composite in all the cases especially at higher load condition. As far as friction coefficient is concerned, a mixed trend of behaviour was noted. The wear rate and frictional heating increased with load while friction coefficient was affected in an opposite manner. Test duration influenced the frictional heating and friction coefficient of the samples in a mixed manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lubricant" title="solid lubricant">solid lubricant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20wear" title=" sliding wear"> sliding wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20cast%20iron" title=" grey cast iron"> grey cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20based%20metal%20matrix%20composites" title=" zinc based metal matrix composites"> zinc based metal matrix composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50160/effects-of-test-environment-on-the-sliding-wear-behaviour-of-cast-iron-zinc-aluminium-alloy-and-its-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1540</span> Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of Hot Roller Grades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Mokhtari">Majid Mokhtari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Bahrami%20Alamdarlo"> Masoud Bahrami Alamdarlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Nazari"> Babak Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Zakerinya"> Hossein Zakerinya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Salehi"> Mehdi Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microstructure, macro, and microhardness of phases for three grades of cast iron rolls with modified chemical composition using a light microscope (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated. The grades were chosen from Chodan Sazan Manufacturing Co. (CSROLL) productions for finishing stands of hot strip mills. The percentage of residual austenite was determined with a ferrite scope magnetic device. Thermal susceptibility testing was also measured. The results show the best oxidation resistance at high temperatures is graphitic high chromium white cast iron alloy. In order to evaluate the final properties of these grades in rolling lines, the results of the Pin on Disk abrasion test showed the superiority of the abrasive behavior of the white chromium graphite cast iron alloy grade sample at the same hardness compared to conventional alloy grades and the enhanced grades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20roller" title="hot roller">hot roller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144560/investigation-of-mechanical-properties-and-wear-behavior-of-hot-roller-grades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1539</span> Production of Ferroboron by SHS-Metallurgy from Iron-Containing Rolled Production Wastes for Alloying of Cast Iron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Zakharov">G. Zakharov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Aslamazashvili"> Z. Aslamazashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chikhradze"> M. Chikhradze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kvaskhvadze"> D. Kvaskhvadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khidasheli"> N. Khidasheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gvazava"> S. Gvazava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional technologies for processing iron-containing industrial waste, including steel-rolling production, are associated with significant energy costs, the long duration of processes, and the need to use complex and expensive equipment. Waste generated during the industrial process negatively affects the environment, but at the same time, it is a valuable raw material and can be used to produce new marketable products. The study of the effectiveness of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) methods, which are characterized by the simplicity of the necessary equipment, the purity of the final product, and the high processing speed, is under the wide scientific and practical interest to solve the set problem. The work presents technological aspects of the production of Ferro boron by the method of SHS - metallurgy from iron-containing wastes of rolled production for alloying of cast iron and results of the effect of alloying element on the degree of boron assimilation with liquid cast iron. Features of Fe-B system combustion have been investigated, and the main parameters to control the phase composition of synthesis products have been experimentally established. Effect of overloads on patterns of cast ligatures formation and mechanisms structure formation of SHS products was studied. It has been shown that an increase in the content of hematite Fe₂O₃ in iron-containing waste leads to an increase in the content of phase FeB and, accordingly, the amount of boron in the ligature. Boron content in ligature is within 3-14%, and the phase composition of obtained ligatures consists of Fe₂B and FeB phases. Depending on the initial composition of the wastes, the yield of the end product reaches 91 - 94%, and the extraction of boron is 70 - 88%. Combustion processes of high exothermic mixtures allow to obtain a wide range of boron-containing ligatures from industrial wastes. In view of the relatively low melting point of the obtained SHS-ligature, the positive dynamics of boron absorption by liquid iron is established. According to the obtained data, the degree of absorption of the ligature by alloying gray cast iron at 1450°C is 80-85%. When combined with the treatment of liquid cast iron with magnesium, followed by alloying with the developed ligature, boron losses are reduced by 5-7%. At that, uniform distribution of boron micro-additives in the volume of treated liquid metal is provided. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli Georgian National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRGNSFG) under the GENIE project (grant number № CARYS-19-802). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-propagating%20high-temperature%20synthesis" title="self-propagating high-temperature synthesis">self-propagating high-temperature synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast%20iron" title=" cast iron"> cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20waste" title=" industrial waste"> industrial waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductile%20iron" title=" ductile iron"> ductile iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20formation" title=" structure formation"> structure formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134821/production-of-ferroboron-by-shs-metallurgy-from-iron-containing-rolled-production-wastes-for-alloying-of-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1538</span> Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of SA 210 Gr. C Pipes Welded by Tungsten Inert Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Demirta%C5%9F">H. Demirtaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0.%20H.%20Kara"> İ. H. Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ahlatc%C4%B1"> H. Ahlatcı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Welding failures of steel pipes in power plants usually occur in weld zones. This is similar for the economizer, water walls and superheaters in the power plants where SA 210 Gr. C steel pipes are used. Although these steel pipes have very good welding properties, the welding parameters are also important for the welding life. Welding processes of this pipes are carried out by TIG and SMA techniques. In this study SA 210 Gr. C steel pipes were welded by TIG method and investigated how PWHT affected the welding properties. The results show that this steel does not require post weld heat treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SA%20210%20Gr.%20C%20steel%20pipes" title="SA 210 Gr. C steel pipes">SA 210 Gr. C steel pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIG%20welding" title=" TIG welding"> TIG welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HAZ%20region" title=" HAZ region"> HAZ region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widmanstatten%20ferrite" title=" Widmanstatten ferrite"> Widmanstatten ferrite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62986/mechanical-and-microstructural-properties-of-sa-210-gr-c-pipes-welded-by-tungsten-inert-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1537</span> Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Bearing Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqiang%20Gong">Liqiang Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanguang%20Fu"> Hanguang Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to further improve the wear resistance of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast iron (HHCCI), the effects of different Cu contents on the microstructure and properties of HHCCI were systematically studied. It was found that with the increase of Cu content, the carbide size was refined, and the increase of Cu content led to the increase of austenite and the decrease of hardness in as-cast HHCCI. After heat treatment at 1050 °C, the hardness of HHCCI increased significantly compared with as-cast. And with the increase of Cu content, the hardness of HHCCI increased first and then decreased, and the hardness was the highest when 0.5 wt.% Cu was added. The increase of copper content promotes the precipitation of secondary carbides and makes the interface between α-Fe and M23C6-type secondary carbides a semi-coherent boundary. With the increase of Cu content, the wear loss of HHCCI decreased after heat treatment at 1050 °C, and the wear resistance improved. When the Cu content increased to 1.0 wt.%, the wear resistance of HHCCI was the best, which was 2.6 times that of copper-free HHCCI. The continued increase of copper content has no obvious effect on the wear resistance of HHCCI. In addition, a small amount of Cu tends to adsorb on the (0001) preferential growth surface of M₇C₃-type carbides, thereby refining the carbides. From the First-principles calculations, the solid solution strengthening effect of Cu on the matrix and the adsorption and refinement of carbides were revealed, and the influence mechanism on the wear resistance of HHCCI was characterized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypereutectic%20high%20chromium%20cast%20iron" title="hypereutectic high chromium cast iron">hypereutectic high chromium cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cu%20alloying" title=" cu alloying"> cu alloying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbides" title=" carbides"> carbides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20resistance" title=" wear resistance"> wear resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-principles%20calculations" title=" first-principles calculations"> first-principles calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165072/microstructure-and-properties-of-cu-bearing-hypereutectic-high-chromium-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1536</span> Wear Behavior of Grey Cast Iron Coated with Al2O3-13TiO2 and Ni20Cr Using Detonation Spray Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjot%20Singh%20Gill">Harjot Singh Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelkanth%20Grover"> Neelkanth Grover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jwala%20Parshad%20Singla"> Jwala Parshad Singla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this research work is to present the effect of coating on two different grades of grey cast iron using detonation spray method. Ni20Cr and Al2O3-13TiO2 powders were sprayed using detonation gun onto GI250 and GIHC substrates and the results as well as coating surface morphology of the coating is studied by XRD and SEM/EDAX analysis. The wear resistance of Ni20Cr and Al2O3-13TiO2 has been investigated on pin-on-disc tribometer using ASTM G99 standards. Cumulative wear rate and coefficient of friction (µ) were calculated under three normal load of 30N, 40N, 50N at constant sliding velocity of 1m/s. Worn out surfaces were analyzed by SEM/EDAX. The results show significant resistance to wear with Al2O3-13TiO2 coating as compared to Ni20Cr and bare substrates. SEM/EDAX analysis and cumulative wear loss bar charts clearly explain the wear behavior of coated as well as bare sample of GI250 and GIHC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detonation%20spray" title="detonation spray">detonation spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20cast%20iron" title=" grey cast iron"> grey cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20rate" title=" wear rate"> wear rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20friction" title=" coefficient of friction"> coefficient of friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8636/wear-behavior-of-grey-cast-iron-coated-with-al2o3-13tio2-and-ni20cr-using-detonation-spray-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1535</span> The Effect of Volume Fraction of Nano-Alumina Strengthening on AC4B Composite Characteristics through the Stir Casting Method as a Material Brake Shoe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benny%20Alexander">Benny Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikhlashia%20N.%20Fadhilah"> Ikhlashia N. Fadhilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Pasha"> Muhammad R. Pasha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Julia"> Michelle Julia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Z.%20Syahrial"> Anne Z. Syahrial</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brake shoe is a component that serves to reduce speed or stop the train's speed by utilizing the friction force. Generally, the material used as a brake shoe is cast iron, where cast iron itself is a heavy, expensive, and easily worn material. Aluminum matrix composites are one of candidates for the cast iron replacement material as the basic material for brake shoe. The matrix in the composite used is Aluminum AC4B. Reinforcement used in aluminum matrix composites is nano-alumina, where the use of nano-alumina of 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, and 0.5% volume fraction will be tested. The sample is made using the stir casting method; then, it will be tested mechanically. The use of nano-alumina as a reinforcement will increase the strength of the matrix. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) testing is used to test the distribution of reinforcing particles due to stirring. Therefore, the addition of nano-alumina will improve AC4B aluminum matrix composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminium matrix composites">aluminium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20shoe%20application" title=" brake shoe application"> brake shoe application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stir%20casting" title=" stir casting"> stir casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-alumina" title=" nano-alumina"> nano-alumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019/the-effect-of-volume-fraction-of-nano-alumina-strengthening-on-ac4b-composite-characteristics-through-the-stir-casting-method-as-a-material-brake-shoe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1534</span> Structural Design for Effective Load Balancing of the Iron Frame in Manhole Lid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Il%20You">Byung Il You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryun%20Oh"> Ryun Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyo%20Woo%20Lee"> Gyo Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manhole refers to facilities that are accessible to the people cleaning and inspection of sewer, and its covering is called manhole lid. Manhole lid is typically made of a cast iron material. Due to the heavy weight of the cast iron manhole lids their installation and maintenance are not easy, and an electrical shock and corrosion aging of them can cause critical problems. The manhole body and the lid manufacturing using the fiber-reinforced composite material can reduce the weight considerably compared to the cast iron manhole. But only the fiber reinforcing is hard to maintain the heavy load, and the method of the iron frame with double injection molding of the composite material has been proposed widely. In this study reflecting the situation of this market, the structural design of the iron frame for the composite manhole lid was carried out. Structural analysis with the computer simulation for the effectively distributed load on the iron frame was conducted. In addition, we want to assess manufacturing costs through the comparing of weights and number of welding spots of the frames. Despite the cross-sectional area is up to 38% compared with the basic solid form the maximum von Mises stress is increased at least about 7 times locally near the rim and the maximum strain in the central part of the lid is about 5.5 times. The number of welding points related to the manufacturing cost was increased gradually with the more complicated shape. Also, the higher the height of the arch in the center of the lid the better result might be obtained. But considering the economic aspect of the composite fabrication we determined the same thickness as the frame for the height of the arch at the center of the lid. Additionally in consideration of the number of the welding points we selected the hexagonal as the optimal shape. Acknowledgment: These are results of a study on the 'Leaders Industry-university Cooperation' Project, supported by the Ministry of Education (MOE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manhole%20lid" title="manhole lid">manhole lid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20frame" title=" iron frame"> iron frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20simulation" title=" computer simulation"> computer simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60038/structural-design-for-effective-load-balancing-of-the-iron-frame-in-manhole-lid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1533</span> Effect of Microstructure on Transition Temperature of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ozel">A. Ozel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ductile to brittle transition temperature is a very important criterion that is used for selection of materials in some applications, especially in low-temperature conditions. For that reason, in this study transition temperature of as-cast and austempered unalloyed ductile iron in the temperature interval from -60 to +100 degrees C have been investigated. The microstructures of samples were examined by light microscope. The impact energy values obtained from the experiments were found to depend on the austempering time and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austempered%20Ductile%20Iron%20%28ADI%29" title="Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)">Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charpy%20test" title=" Charpy test"> Charpy test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20temperature" title=" transition temperature "> transition temperature </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28406/effect-of-microstructure-on-transition-temperature-of-austempered-ductile-iron-adi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1532</span> Non-Waste Utilization of Copper Smelting Slags for Production of Demanded Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20D.%20%20Povolockiy">V. D. Povolockiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20E.%20%20Roshchin"> V. E. Roshchin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20%20Kapelyushin"> Y. Kapelyushin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smelting of copper matte is followed by production of a large amount of slag. This slag mostly contains silicates and can be utilized in a construction industry. In addition to silicates it also contains Fe; if the Fe content is high, the density of the silicate phases increases and such a slag cannot be used as an additive for the concrete. Furthermore, slags obtained during copper matte production contain copper, sulphur, zinc and some other elements. Fe is the element with the highest price in these slags. An extraction of Fe is possible even using the conventional methods, e.g., the addition of slag to the charge materials during production of sinter for the blast furnace smelting. However, in this case, the blast furnace hot metal would accumulate sulphur and copper which is very harmful impurity for the steelmaking. An accumulation of copper by the blast furnace hot metal is unacceptable, as copper cannot be removed during further steelmaking operations having a critical effect on the properties of steel. In present work, the technological scheme for non-waste utilization of the copper smelting slags has been suggested and experimentally confirmed. This scheme includes a solid state reduction of Fe and smelting for the separation of cast iron and slag. During solid state reduction, the zinc vapor was trapped. After the reduction and smelting operations, the cast iron containing copper was used for the production of metal balls with increased mechanical properties allowing their utilization for milling of ore minerals. Such a cast iron could also be applied in the production of special types of steel with copper. The silicate slag freed from Fe might be used as a propping agent in the oil industry, or granulated for application as an additive for concrete in a construction industry. Thereby, the suggested products for a Mini Mill plant with non-waste utilization of the copper smelting slags are cast iron grinding balls for the ore minerals, special types of steel with copper, silicate slag utilized as an additive for the concrete and propping agents for the oil industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization%20of%20copper%20slag" title="utilization of copper slag">utilization of copper slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast%20iron" title=" cast iron"> cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinding%20balls" title=" grinding balls"> grinding balls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propping%20agents" title=" propping agents "> propping agents </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86594/non-waste-utilization-of-copper-smelting-slags-for-production-of-demanded-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1531</span> Characterization of Alloyed Grey Cast Iron Quenched and Tempered for a Smooth Roll Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Habireche">Mohamed Habireche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacer%20E.%20Bacha"> Nacer E. Bacha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Djeghdjough"> Mohamed Djeghdjough</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the brick industry, smooth double roll crusher is used for medium and fine crushing of soft to medium hard material. Due to opposite inward rotation of the rolls, the feed material is nipped between the rolls and crushed by compression. They are subject to intense wear, known as three-body abrasion, due to the action of abrasive products. The production downtime affecting productivity stems from two sources: the bi-monthly rectification of the roll crushers and their replacement when they are completely worn out. Choosing the right material for the roll crushers should result in longer machine cycles, and reduced repair and maintenance costs. All roll crushers are imported from outside Algeria. This results in sometimes very long delivery times which handicap the brickyards, in particular in respecting delivery times and honored the orders made by customers. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of alloying additions on microstructure and wear behavior of grey lamellar cast iron for smooth roll crushers in brick industry. The base gray iron was melted in an induction furnace with low frequency at a temperature of 1500 °C, in which return cast iron scrap, new cast iron ingot, and steel scrap were added to the melt to generate the desired composition. The chemical analysis of the bar samples was carried out using Emission Spectrometer Systems PV 8050 Series (Philips) except for the carbon, for which a carbon/sulphur analyser Elementrac CS-i was used. Unetched microstructure was used to evaluate the graphite flake morphology using the image comparison measurement method. At least five different fields were selected for quantitative estimation of phase constituents. The samples were observed under X100 magnification with a Zeiss Axiover T40 MAT optical microscope equipped with a digital camera. SEM microscope equipped with EDS was used to characterize the phases present in the microstructure. The hardness (750 kg load, 5mm diameter ball) was measured with a Brinell testing machine for both treated and as-solidified condition test pieces. The test bars were used for tensile strength and metallographic evaluations. Mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile specimens made as per ASTM E8 standards. Two specimens were tested for each alloy. From each rod, a test piece was made for the tensile test. The results showed that the quenched and tempered alloys had best wear resistance at 400 °C for alloyed grey cast iron (containing 0.62%Mn, 0.68%Cr, and 1.09% Cu) due to fine carbides in the tempered matrix. In quenched and tempered condition, increasing Cu content in cast irons improved its wear resistance moderately. Combined addition of Cu and Cr increases hardness and wear resistance for a quenched and tempered hypoeutectic grey cast iron. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casting" title="casting">casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast%20iron" title=" cast iron"> cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treating" title=" heat treating"> heat treating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127992/characterization-of-alloyed-grey-cast-iron-quenched-and-tempered-for-a-smooth-roll-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Liquidity and Mechanical Properties of Phase Formation Reaction Change in Cast Iron by Cooling Curve Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Park">S. Y. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Lee"> S. M. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Lim"> K. M. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research analyzed the effects that phase formation reaction change in the grey cast iron makes on characteristics of microstructures, liquidity, and mechanical properties through cooling curve when adding rare earth elements (R.E). This research was analyzed with comparison between the case of not adding the rare earth elements (R.E) into the grey cast iron with the standard composition (as 3.3%C-2.1%Si-0.7%Mn-0.1%S) and the case of adding 0.3% rare earth elements (R.E). The thermal analysis parameters have been drawn through eutectic temperature theoretically calculated, recalescence temperature, and undercooling temperature measured from start of eutectic reaction to end of solidification in the cooling curve obtained by thermal analysis to analyze formation behavior of graphite, and the effects by addition of rare earth elements on this have been reviewed. When adding rare earth elements (R.E), the cause of liquidity slowdown was analyzed trough the solidification starting temperature and change of solidification ending temperature. The strength and hardness have been measured to evaluate the mechanical properties, and the sound tensile strength has been evaluated through quality coefficient after measuring relative hardness and normality degree of tensile strength by calculating theoretical tensile strength and theoretical hardness. The change of Pearlite Inter-lamellar Spacing of matrix microstructure and eutectic cell count of macrostructure was measured to analyze the effects of the rare earth elements on the sound tensile strength. The change of eutectic cell count has been clarified through activation of the eutectic reaction, and the cause of pearlite inter-lamellar spacing clarified through eutectoid reaction temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20curve" title="cooling curve">cooling curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=element" title=" element"> element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20cast%20iron" title=" grey cast iron"> grey cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20element" title=" rare earth element"> rare earth element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29287/effect-of-rare-earth-elements-on-liquidity-and-mechanical-properties-of-phase-formation-reaction-change-in-cast-iron-by-cooling-curve-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> Analysis of Casting Call Process in Thai Film Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panprae%20Bunyapukkna">Panprae Bunyapukkna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to analyze the process that most of the Thai film industries commonly use in order to find the right cast to play the role. The result proved that most of the low-budget film productions find the cast by asking from the crew’s friends or friend of friend. Therefore, finding the cast in low-budget film productions normally has only few people shown up for the auditions and sometimes either none of them has acting knowledge or their appearances do not match the character. However, since most of the low-budget film productions do not have much ability to find members of the cast, thus some of them still will be selected. On the other hand, most of the high-budget film productions use modeling companies to find the cast for them. However, most of modeling agencies in Thailand seek and select their cast members from the cast’s appearances or talents rather than the knowledge of acting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casting%20for%20film" title="casting for film">casting for film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20business" title=" modeling business"> modeling business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acting" title=" acting"> acting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title=" film"> film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performing%20arts" title=" performing arts"> performing arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20business" title=" film business"> film business</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12956/analysis-of-casting-call-process-in-thai-film-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> Effect of Magnesium Inoculation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Spheroidal Cast Iron Knuckle: A Focus on the Steering Arm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Mavhungu">Steven Mavhungu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20Nyembwe"> Didier Nyembwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Sekotlong"> Daniel Sekotlong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The steering knuckle is an integral component of the suspension and stability control system of modern vehicles. Good mechanical properties with an emphasis on the fatigue properties are essential for this component as it is subjected to cyclical load of significant magnitude during service. These properties are a function of the microstructure achieved in the component during the various manufacturing processes including forging and casting. The strut mount of the knuckle is required to meet specified microstructure and mechanical properties. However, in line with the recent trend of stringent quality requirements of cast components, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have had to extend the specifications to other sections of the knuckle. This paper evaluates the effect of cored wire inoculation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steering arm of a typical spheroidal cast iron component. The investigation shows that the use of a cored wire having higher rare earth content formulation could possibly lead to a homogeneous matrix containing consistent graphite nodule morphology. However, this was found not to be the condition for better mechanical properties along the knuckle arm in line with required specifications. The findings in this paper contribute to a better understanding of steering knuckle properties to allow its production for safer automobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title="inoculation">inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20cored%20wire" title=" magnesium cored wire"> magnesium cored wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spheroidal%20graphie" title=" spheroidal graphie"> spheroidal graphie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steering%20knuckle" title=" steering knuckle"> steering knuckle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80365/effect-of-magnesium-inoculation-on-the-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-a-spheroidal-cast-iron-knuckle-a-focus-on-the-steering-arm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> Effects of Pipe Curvature and Internal Pressure on Stiffness and Buckling Phenomenon of Circular Thin-Walled Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Polenta">V. Polenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Garvey"> S. D. Garvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chronopoulos"> D. Chronopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Long"> A. C. Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Morvan"> H. P. Morvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe when no internal pressure is acting and, similarly, positive curvatures decrease the stiffness and buckling limit. For internal pressurised pipes the effects of initial pipe curvature are less relevant. Results show that this phenomenon is in relationship with the cross-section deformation due to bending moment, which undergoes relevant ovalisation for no pressurised pipes and little ovalisation for pressurised pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20pipes" title=" curved pipes"> curved pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pressure" title=" internal pressure"> internal pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovalisation" title=" ovalisation"> ovalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending" title=" pure bending"> pure bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-walled%20pipes" title=" thin-walled pipes"> thin-walled pipes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983/effects-of-pipe-curvature-and-internal-pressure-on-stiffness-and-buckling-phenomenon-of-circular-thin-walled-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1526</span> Effect of Iron Contents on Rheological Properties of Syndiotactic Polypropylene/iron Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ahmad">Naveed Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farooq%20Ahmad"> Farooq Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aal"> Abdul Aal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of iron contents on the rheological behavior of sPP/iron composites in the melt phase was investigated using a series of syndiotactic polypropylene/iron (sPP/iron) composite samples. Using the Advanced Rheometric Expansion System, studies with small amplitude oscillatory shear were conducted (ARES). It was discovered that the plateau modulus rose along with the iron loading. Also it was found that both entanglement molecular weight and packing length decrease with increase in iron loading.. This finding demonstrates how iron content in polymer/iron composites affects chain parameters and dimensions, which in turn affects the entire chain dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plateau%20modulus" title="plateau modulus">plateau modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght" title=" packing lenght"> packing lenght</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%2Firon%20composites" title=" polymer/iron composites"> polymer/iron composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entanglement%20molecular%20weight" title=" entanglement molecular weight"> entanglement molecular weight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163841/effect-of-iron-contents-on-rheological-properties-of-syndiotactic-polypropyleneiron-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1525</span> Condition Assessment and Diagnosis for Aging Drinking Water Pipeline According to Scientific and Reasonable Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dohwan%20Kim">Dohwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongchoon%20Ryou"> Dongchoon Ryou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyungjong%20Yoo"> Pyungjong Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In public water facilities, drinking water distribution systems have played an important role along with water purification systems. The water distribution network is one of the most expensive components of water supply infrastructure systems. To improve the reliability for the drinking rate of tap water, advanced water treatment processes such as granular activated carbon and membrane filtration were used by water service providers in Korea. But, distrust of the people for tap water are still. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and condition assessment for water pipelines are required to supply the clean water. The internal corrosion of water pipe has increased as time passed. Also, the cross-sectional areas in pipe are reduced by the rust, deposits and tubercles. It is the water supply ability decreases as the increase of hydraulic pump capacity is required to supply an amount of water, such as the initial condition. If not, the poor area of water supply will be occurred by the decrease of water pressure. In order to solve these problems, water managers and engineers should be always checked for the current status of the water pipe, such as water leakage and damage of pipe. If problems occur, it should be able to respond rapidly and make an accurate estimate. In Korea, replacement and rehabilitation of aging drinking water pipes are carried out based on the circumstances of simply buried years. So, water distribution system management may not consider the entire water pipeline network. The long-term design and upgrading of a water distribution network should address economic, social, environmental, health, hydraulic, and other technical issues. This is a multi-objective problem with a high level of complexity. In this study, the thickness of the old water pipes, corrosion levels of the inner and outer surface for water pipes, basic data research (i.e. pipe types, buried years, accident record, embedded environment, etc.), specific resistance of soil, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of metal pipes, samples characteristics, and chemical composition analysis were performed about aging drinking water pipes. Samples of water pipes used in this study were cement mortar lining ductile cast iron pipe (CML-DCIP, diameter 100mm) and epoxy lining steel pipe (diameter 65 and 50mm). Buried years of CML-DCIP and epoxy lining steel pipe were respectively 32 and 23 years. The area of embedded environment was marine reclamation zone since 1940’s. The result of this study was that CML-DCIP needed replacement and epoxy lining steel pipe was still useful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water%20distribution%20system" title="drinking water distribution system">drinking water distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20supply" title=" water supply"> water supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replacement" title=" replacement"> replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pipe" title=" water pipe"> water pipe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50992/condition-assessment-and-diagnosis-for-aging-drinking-water-pipeline-according-to-scientific-and-reasonable-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1524</span> Optimization of Groundwater Utilization in Fish Aquaculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ahmed%20Eldesouky">M. Ahmed Eldesouky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nasr"> S. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Beltagy"> A. Beltagy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater is generally considered as the best source for aquaculture as it is well protected from contamination. The most common problem limiting the use of groundwater in Egypt is its high iron, manganese and ammonia content. This problem is often overcome by applying the treatment before use. Aeration in many cases is not enough to oxidize iron and manganese in complex forms with organics. Most of the treatment we use potassium permanganate as an oxidizer followed by a pressurized closed green sand filter. The aim of present study is to investigate the optimum characteristics of groundwater to give lowest iron, manganese and ammonia, maximum production and quality of fish in aquaculture in El-Max Research Station. The major design goal of the system was determined the optimum time for harvesting the treated water, pH, and Glauconite weight to use it for aquaculture process in the research site and achieve the Egyptian law (48/1982) and EPA level required for aquaculture. The water characteristics are [Fe = 0.116 mg/L, Mn = 1.36 mg/L,TN = 0.44 mg/L , TP = 0.07 mg/L , Ammonia = 0.386 mg/L] by using the glauconite filter we obtained high efficiency for removal for [(Fe, Mn and Ammonia] ,but in the Lab we obtained result for (Fe, 43-97), ( Mn,92-99 ), and ( Ammonia, 66-88 )]. We summarized the results to show the optimum time, pH, Glauconite weight, and the best model for design in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title="aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20in%20groundwater" title=" ammonia in groundwater"> ammonia in groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20and%20manganese%20in%20water" title=" iron and manganese in water"> iron and manganese in water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20treatment" title=" groundwater treatment"> groundwater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46529/optimization-of-groundwater-utilization-in-fish-aquaculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1523</span> Fundamental Research Dissension between Hot and Cold Chamber High Pressure Die Casting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20Kumar">Sahil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Pal"> Surinder Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Kapoor"> Rahul Kapoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is focused on to define the basic difference between hot and cold chamber high pressure die casting process which is not fully defined in a research before paper which we have studied. The pressure die casting is basically defined into two types (1) Hot chamber Die Casting (2) Cold chamber Die Casting. Cold chamber die casting is used for casting alloys that require high pressure and have a high melting temperature, such as brass, aluminum, magnesium, copper based alloys and other high melting point nonferrous alloys. Hot chamber die casting is suitable for casting zinc, tin, lead, and low melting point alloys. In hot chamber die casting machine, the molten metal is an integral pan of the machine. It mainly consists of hot chamber and gooseneck type metal container made of cast iron. This machine is mainly used for low melting alloys and alloys of metals like zinc, lead etc. Metals and alloys having a high melting point and those which are having an affinity for iron cannot be cast by this machine, which could otherwise attack the shot sleeve and damage the machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20chamber%20die%20casting" title="hot chamber die casting">hot chamber die casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20chamber%20die%20casting" title=" cold chamber die casting"> cold chamber die casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20and%20alloys" title=" metals and alloys"> metals and alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=casting%20technology" title=" casting technology"> casting technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25342/fundamental-research-dissension-between-hot-and-cold-chamber-high-pressure-die-casting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1522</span> Corrosion Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron Microalloyed with Boron in Rainwater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gvazava">S. Gvazava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khidasheli"> N. Khidasheli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Tediashvili"> V. Tediashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Donadze"> M. Donadze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work presented in this paper studied the of austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different combinations of structural composition (upper bainite, lower bainite, retained austenite) in rainwater. A range of structural states of the metal matrix was obtained by changing the regimes of thermal treantments of a high-strength cast iron. The specimens were austenised at 900 0C for 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes. Afterwards, isothermal quenching was performed at 280 and 400 0C for40 seconds. The study was carried out using weight-change (WC), cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), open-circuit potential (OCP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). According to the results, corrosion resistance of the boron microallyedbainitic ADI greatly depends on the type of the bainitic matrix and the amount of the retained austenite, which is driven by diffusion permeability of interphase and intergrain boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austempered%20ductile%20iron" title="austempered ductile iron">austempered ductile iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20behaviour" title=" corrosion behaviour"> corrosion behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retained%20austenite" title=" retained austenite"> retained austenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20rate" title=" corrosion rate"> corrosion rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interphase%20boundary" title=" interphase boundary"> interphase boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20bainite" title=" upper bainite"> upper bainite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20bainite" title=" lower bainite"> lower bainite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143874/corrosion-behavior-of-austempered-ductile-iron-microalloyed-with-boron-in-rainwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1521</span> Real-Time Optimisation and Minimal Energy Use for Water and Environment Efficient Irrigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanya%20L.%20Khatri">Kanya L. Khatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashfaque%20A.%20Memon"> Ashfaque A. Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rod%20J.%20Smith"> Rod J. Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamas%20Bilal"> Shamas Bilal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The viability and sustainability of crop production is currently threatened by increasing water scarcity. Water scarcity problems can be addressed through improved water productivity and the options usually presumed in this context are efficient water use and conversion of surface irrigation to pressurized systems. By replacing furrow irrigation with drip or centre pivot systems, the water efficiency can be improved by up to 30 to 45%. However, the installation and application of pumps and pipes, and the associated fuels needed for these alternatives increase energy consumption and cause significant greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, a balance between the improvement in water use and the potential increase in energy consumption is required keeping in view adverse impact of increased carbon emissions on the environment. When surface water is used, pressurized systems increase energy consumption substantially, by between 65% to 75%, and produce greenhouse gas emissions around 1.75 times higher than that of gravity based irrigation. With gravity based surface irrigation methods the energy consumption is assumed to be negligible. This study has shown that a novel real-time infiltration model REIP has enabled implementation of real-time optimization and control of surface irrigation and surface irrigation with real-time optimization has potential to bring significant improvements in irrigation performance along with substantial water savings of 2.92 ML/ha which is almost equivalent to that given by pressurized systems. Thus real-time optimization and control offers a modern, environment friendly and water efficient system with close to zero increase in energy consumption and minimal greenhouse gas emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurised%20irrigation" title="pressurised irrigation">pressurised irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions" title=" carbon emissions"> carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time" title=" real-time"> real-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally-friendly" title=" environmentally-friendly"> environmentally-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=REIP" title=" REIP "> REIP </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16448/real-time-optimisation-and-minimal-energy-use-for-water-and-environment-efficient-irrigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=51">51</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=52">52</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressurized%20cast%20iron%20pipes&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>