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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_and_contemporary_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_and_contemporary_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early modern and contemporary usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_modern_and_contemporary_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early modern and contemporary usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_and_contemporary_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_a_courtesy_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_a_courtesy_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Use as a courtesy title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_a_courtesy_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coronet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Coronet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equivalent_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equivalent_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Equivalent titles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equivalent_titles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equivalent titles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equivalent_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_counterparts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_counterparts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Western counterparts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_counterparts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-Western_counterparts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Western_counterparts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Non-Western counterparts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Western_counterparts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viscount</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="فيكونت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكونت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizconte" title="Vizconte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vizconte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BA-chiok" title="Chú-chiok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chú-chiok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Віконт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віконт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Виконт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виконт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskont" title="Beskont – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Beskont" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vescomte" title="Vescomte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vescomte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikomt" title="Vikomt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vikomt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizconde" title="Vizconde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vizconde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicgrafo" title="Vicgrafo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vicgrafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizkonde" title="Bizkonde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizkonde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ویکنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boarchgreve" title="Boarchgreve – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boarchgreve" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADocunta" title="Bíocunta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bíocunta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%91" title="자작 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Վիկոնտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկոնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viskomto" title="Viskomto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Viskomto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADsigreifi" title="Vísigreifi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vísigreifi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visconte" title="Visconte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visconte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98" title="ויקונט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקונט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვიკონტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicecomes" title="Vicecomes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicecomes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikonts" title="Vikonts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vikonts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikontas" title="Vikontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscont_(titol)" title="Viscont (titol) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Viscont (titol)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikomt" title="Vikomt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vikomt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="فيكونت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكونت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="子爵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicehrabia" title="Wicehrabia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wicehrabia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visconde" title="Visconde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visconde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viconte" title="Viconte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viconte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Виконт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виконт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viscount" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD" title="وسڪائونٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وسڪائونٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikomt" title="Vikomt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vikomt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ڤیسکاونت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیسکاونت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Виконт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виконт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varakreivi" title="Varakreivi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varakreivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vicomte" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskonde" title="Biskonde – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biskonde" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวเคานต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวเคานต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Виконт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Виконт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikont" title="Vikont – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikont" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Віконт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віконт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Tử tước – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tử tước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="子爵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="子爵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aristocratic title in various European countries</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Viscount_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Viscount (disambiguation)">Viscount (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble,<br />gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_(Gules_Mitre).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/110px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/165px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg/220px-Heraldic_Imperial_Crown_%28Gules_Mitre%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor, Empress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_dowager" title="Empress dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar, Tsarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_king" title="Great king">Great king, Great queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_king" title="High king">High king, High queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_dowager" class="mw-redirect" title="King dowager">dowager</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Queen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">consort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">dowager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">mother</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduke, Archduchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">Grand duke, Grand duchess</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_consort" title="Prince consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Princess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_consort" title="Princess consort">consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke, Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knyaz" title="Knyaz">Knyaz, Knyaginya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir" class="mw-redirect" title="Heir">Heir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heir_presumptive" title="Heir presumptive">Heir presumptive</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herzog" title="Herzog">Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarl" title="Jarl">Jarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector, Princess-elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst, Fürstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess, Marchioness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Margrave, Margravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">Marcher lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgrave</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a 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knight">Imperial knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">Knight/Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter" title="Ritter">Ritter</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight bachelor">Knight bachelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_(Scotland)" title="Thane (Scotland)">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druzhina" title="Druzhina">Druzhinnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt">Vogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquire" title="Esquire">Esquire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentilhomme, Gente dame</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">Gentleman, Gentlewoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(class)" title="Franklin (class)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_at_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Man at arms">Man at arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelfrei" title="Edelfrei">Edelfrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministerialis" title="Ministerialis">Ministerialis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Template talk:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial,_royal,_noble_and_chivalric_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial, royal, noble and chivalric ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Mignard_(attr)_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg/220px-Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg/330px-Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg/440px-Pierre_Mignard_%28attr%29_Vicomte_de_Turenne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="4879" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of French nobleman <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Viscount_of_Turenne" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne">Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne</a> wearing a military uniform.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>viscount</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0b\/En-uk-viscount.ogg\/En-uk-viscount.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-viscount.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/En-uk-viscount.ogg/En-uk-viscount.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-viscount.ogg" title="File:En-uk-viscount.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VY</span>-kownt</i></a>, for male<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or <b>viscountess</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, for female<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Title#Aristocratic_titles" title="Title">title</a> used in certain <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries for a <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">noble</a> of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a <b>viscountcy</b>. </p><p>In the case of French viscounts, the title is sometimes left untranslated as <i><b>vicomte</b></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[vi.kɔ̃t]</a></span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>viscount</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">visconte</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Modern French</a>: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">vicomte</i></span>), itself from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vicecomitem</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vicecomes</i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Late Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vice-</i></span> "deputy" + <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a></i></span> (originally "companion"; later Roman imperial courtier or trusted appointee, ultimately count).<sup id="cite_ref-Online_Etymology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online_Etymology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>, the kings appointed <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">counts</a> to administer <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Carolingian_Empire#subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Carolingian Empire">provinces</a> and other smaller regions, as <a href="/wiki/Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors">governors</a> and military commanders. Viscounts were appointed to assist the counts in their running of the province, and often took on <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kings strictly prevented the offices of their counts and viscounts from becoming hereditary, in order to consolidate their position and limit chance of rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title was in use in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> by at least the early 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Loud_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loud-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the Carolingian use of the title, the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> viscounts were local administrators, working on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petit=Dutaillis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their role was to administer justice and to collect <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a> and revenues, often being <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">castellan</a> of the local <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>. Under the Normans, the position developed into a hereditary one, an example of such being the viscounts in <a href="/wiki/Bessin" title="Bessin">Bessin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petit=Dutaillis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The viscount was eventually replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiffs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">provosts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petit=Dutaillis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a rank of the <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">British peerage</a>, it was first recorded in 1440, when <a href="/wiki/John_Beaumont,_1st_Viscount_Beaumont" title="John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont">John Beaumont</a> was created Viscount Beaumont by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>viscount</i> corresponds in the UK to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon language">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff"><i>shire reeve</i></a> (root of the non-nobiliary, royal-appointed office of <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriff</a>). Thus, early viscounts originally received their titles from the monarch, and not hereditarily; they eventually tended to establish hereditary principalities in the wider sense. The rank is a relatively late introduction to the British system, and on the evening of <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Coronation of Queen Victoria">her coronation</a> in 1838, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> recorded in her diary an explanation for this by then-<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Melbourne">Lord Melbourne</a> (himself a viscount): </p> <blockquote><p>I spoke to Ld M. about the numbers of Peers present at the Coronation, & he said it was quite unprecedented. I observed that there were very few Viscounts, to which he replied "There are very few Viscounts," that they were an old sort of title & not really English; that they came from Vice-Comites; that Dukes & Barons were the only real English titles;—that Marquises were likewise not English, & that people were mere made Marquises, when it was not wished that they should be made Dukes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_modern_and_contemporary_usage">Early modern and contemporary usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early modern and contemporary usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Belgium a few families<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="families or people? (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are recognised as Viscounts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viscount_of_Audenaerde" title="Viscount of Audenaerde">Viscount of Audenaerde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Locquet,_1st_Viscount_of_Hombeke" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Antoine Locquet, 1st Viscount of Hombeke">Viscount of Hombeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoelberch" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoelberch">Viscount de Spoelberch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Eyskens" title="Gaston Eyskens">Viscount Eyskens</a></li> <li>Viscount Savoir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Poullet" title="Prosper Poullet">Viscount Poullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Frimout" title="Dirk Frimout">Viscount Frimout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_De_Winne" title="Frank De Winne">Viscount De Winne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1082347012">.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:#B31B1B;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;color:white}.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-image{padding:0.4em 0}.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-heading{background:#B31B1B;padding-top:0.15em}.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-list-title{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:1px solid #B31B1B}.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-list{padding-top:0}.mw-parser-output .peerage .sidebar-below{border-top:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks peerage"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coronet of a duke"><img alt="Coronet of a duke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg/75px-Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg/113px-Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Duke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image"><i>Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Peerage" title="Category:Peerage">a series</a> on</i></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Peerages in the<br />United Kingdom</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ranks</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke / Duchess</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess / Marchioness</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl / Countess</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viscount / Viscountess</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron / Baroness</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Parliament" title="Lord of Parliament">Lord / Lady of Parliament</a>)</li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Types</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer" title="Hereditary peer">Hereditary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Representative_peer" title="Representative peer">Representative</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Divisions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nobility" title="British nobility">Nobility</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_peers_and_baronets" title="Welsh peers and baronets">Welsh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_peerage" title="History of the British peerage">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Privilege_of_peerage" title="Privilege of peerage">Privileges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Robes_of_the_British_peerage" title="Robes of the British peerage">Robes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">Courtesy titles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_courtesy_titles_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of courtesy titles in the peerages of Britain and Ireland">list</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forms of address in the United Kingdom">Forms of address</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Family_seat" title="Family seat">Family seat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_designation" title="Territorial designation">Territorial designation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">House of Lords</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Peerages in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Peerages in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peerages in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Viscounts are the fourth rank in the <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">British peerage</a>, standing directly below an <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a> and above a <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Parliament" title="Lord of Parliament">Lord of Parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>). There are approximately 270 viscountcies extant in the peerages of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, though most are <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">secondary titles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Roll_of_the_Peerage_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Roll_of_the_Peerage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In British practice, the title of a viscount may be a place name, a surname, or a combination: examples include the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Falmouth" title="Viscount Falmouth">Viscount Falmouth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Hardinge" title="Viscount Hardinge">Viscount Hardinge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Colville_of_Culross" title="Viscount Colville of Culross">Viscount Colville of Culross</a>. Some viscounts in the peerage of Scotland were traditionally styled "The Viscount <i>of</i> [X]", such as the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_of_Arbuthnott" title="Viscount of Arbuthnott">Viscount of Arbuthnott</a>. In practice, however, very few maintain this style, instead using the more common version "The Viscount [X]" in general parlance, for example <a href="/wiki/Viscount_of_Falkland" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount of Falkland">Viscount of Falkland</a> who is referred to as Viscount Falkland. </p><p>A British viscount is addressed in speech as <i>Lord [X]</i>, while his wife is <i>Lady [X]</i>, and he is formally styled "<a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a> The Viscount [X]". The children of a viscount are known as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a> [Forename] [Surname]</i>, with the exception of a Scottish viscount, whose eldest child may be styled as "<a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_(Peerage_of_Scotland)" title="Master (Peerage of Scotland)">Master</a> of [X]".<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Viscount_and_Viscountess_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Viscount_and_Viscountess-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title of viscount (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">bíocunta</i>) was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Peerage of Ireland</a> in 1478 with the creation of the title of <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Gormanston" title="Viscount Gormanston">Viscount Gormanston</a>, the premier viscountcy of Britain and Ireland, held today by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Preston,_17th_Viscount_Gormanston" title="Nicholas Preston, 17th Viscount Gormanston">Nicholas Preston, 17th Viscount Gormanston</a>. Other early Irish viscountcies were <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Baltinglass" title="Viscount Baltinglass">Viscount Baltinglass</a> (1541), <a href="/wiki/John_Rawson,_1st_Viscount_Clontarf" title="John Rawson, 1st Viscount Clontarf">Viscount Clontarf</a> (1541), <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Mountgarret" title="Viscount Mountgarret">Viscount Mountgarret</a> (1550) and <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Decies" title="Viscount Decies">Viscount Decies</a> (1569). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use_as_a_courtesy_title">Use as a courtesy title</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use as a courtesy title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specifically British custom is the use of viscount as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a> for the heir of an earl or <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">marquess</a>. The peer's <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> will sometimes be referred to as a viscount, if the second most senior title held by the head of the family is a viscountcy. For example, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Howe" title="Earl Howe">Earl Howe</a> is <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Curzon">Viscount Curzon</a>, because this is the second most senior title held by the Earl.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:_Courtesy_Titles_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:_Courtesy_Titles-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the son of a marquess or an earl can be referred to as a viscount when the title of viscount is not the second most senior if those above it share their name with the <a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">substantive title</a>. For example, the second most senior title of the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Marquess of Salisbury">Marquess of Salisbury</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Earl of Salisbury">Earl of Salisbury</a>, so his heir uses the lower title of <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Cranborne" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Cranborne">Viscount Cranborne</a>. </p><p>Sometimes, the son of a peer is referred to as a viscount even when he could use a more senior courtesy title which differs in name from the substantive title. Family tradition plays a role in this. For example, the eldest son of the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Londonderry" title="Marquess of Londonderry">Marquess of Londonderry</a> is Viscount Castlereagh, even though the Marquess is also the Earl Vane. </p><p>On occasion, the title of viscount may be the courtesy title used for the grandson of a duke, provided that he is the eldest son of the duke's eldest son. This is because the eldest son of the duke will be given the second-highest title of his father (marquess or earl), and so the third-highest is left for his eldest son. It is possible for the great-grandson of a duke to hold the courtesy title of viscount if the duke's eldest son has the courtesy title marquess and his eldest son, in turn, uses the title of earl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coronet">Coronet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coronet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet</a> of a British viscount.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Viscount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet</a> of the 6th <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Clifden" title="Viscount Clifden">Viscount Clifden</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A viscount's <a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">coronet</a> of rank bears 16 silver balls around the rim. Like all heraldic coronets, it is mostly worn at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">Coronation of the British monarch</a>, but a viscount has the right to bear his coronet of rank on his <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, above the shield. In this guise, the coronet is shown face-on, featuring 9 silver balls.<sup id="cite_ref-Debretts:Ceremonial_Robes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debretts:Ceremonial_Robes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jersey">Jersey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> (a British <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependency</a>) still retains an officer whose function is purely to administer orders of the island's judiciary, and whose position remains non-hereditary. The role of the <a href="/wiki/Viscount_of_Jersey" title="Viscount of Jersey">Viscount of Jersey</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Vicomte de Jersey</i>) involves managing fines, bail monies, seizures, confiscations, evictions, service of process, arrests for non-appearance in court and other enforcement procedures, as well acting as <a href="/wiki/Coroner" title="Coroner">coroner</a> for sudden or unexpected deaths and managing <a href="/wiki/Jury_selection" title="Jury selection">jury selection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Function_of_the_Viscount's_department_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Function_of_the_Viscount's_department-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a>, the title of <i>vicomte</i> was below <i>comte</i> and above <i>baron</i> in precedence.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the former kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> a <i>visconde</i> ranks above a <i>barão</i> (baron) and below a <i>conde</i> (count). The first Portuguese viscountcy, that of D. Leonel de Lima, visconde de Vila Nova de Cerveira, dates from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a>. A flood of viscountcies, some 86 new titles, were awarded in Portugal between 1848 and 1880. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_viscounts_in_the_peerage_of_Spain" title="List of viscounts in the peerage of Spain">List of viscounts in the peerage of Spain</a></div> <p>The Spanish title of <i>vizconde</i> is ranked between the title <i>conde</i> (count/earl) and the relatively rare title of <i>barón</i>. </p><p>In Spain, nobles are classified as either Grandee of Spain (Grandes de España), as titled nobles, or as untitled nobles. A grandee of any rank outranks a non-grandee, even if that non-grandee's title is of a higher degree, thus, a viscount-grandee enjoys higher precedence than a marquis who is not a grandee. </p><p>In the kingdom of Spain the title was awarded from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Felipe IV</a> (1621–65; Habsburg dynasty) until 1846. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equivalent_titles">Equivalent titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Equivalent titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_counterparts">Western counterparts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Western counterparts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are non-etymological equivalents to the title of viscount (<i>i.e.</i>, 'vice-count') in several languages, including German. </p><p>However, in such case titles of the etymological <a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">Burgrave</a> family (not in countries with a viscount-form, such as Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">burgravio</i></span> alongside <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">visconte</i></span>) bearers of the title could establish themselves at the same gap, thus at generally the same level. Consequently, a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freiherr</i></span> (or Baron) ranks not immediately below a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Graf</i></span>, but below a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Burggraf</i></span>. </p><p>Thus in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Burggraaf</i></span> is the rank above Baron, below <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Graaf</i></span> (<i>i.e.</i>, Count) in the kingdoms of the Netherlands and of Belgium (by Belgian law, its equivalents in the other official languages are <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Burggraf</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">vicomte</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Western_counterparts">Non-Western counterparts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Non-Western counterparts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other major Western noble titles, viscount is sometimes used to render certain titles in non-western languages with their own traditions. Even though they are considered 'equivalent' in relative rank, they are as a rule historically unrelated and thus hard to compare. </p><p>The Japanese cognate <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shishaku</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shi</i></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">子爵</span>) was the fourth of the five peerage ranks established in the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a> (1868–1911). The Japanese system of nobility, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">kazoku</a></i></span>, which existed between 1884 and 1947, was based heavily on the British peerage. At the creation of the system, viscounts were the most numerous of all the ranks, with 324 being created compared to 11 non-imperial princes or dukes, 24 marquesses, 76 counts and 74 barons, for a total of 509 peers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other equivalent titles existed, such as: </p> <ul><li>the Chinese <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">tzu-chueh</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">tzu</i></span>) or <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">zijue</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">zi</i></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">子爵</span>), hereditary title of nobility first established in the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a></li> <li>the Korean cognate <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">jajak</i></span> or <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">pansŏ</i></span></li> <li>the Vietnamese cognate <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">tử</i></span></li> <li>the Manchu <span title="Manchu-language romanization"><i lang="mnc-Latn">jingkini hafan</i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_viscounts_and_viscountesses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional viscounts and viscountesses">List of fictional viscounts and viscountesses</a></div> <p>Viscounts and viscountesses appear in fiction, notably in <a href="/wiki/Julia_Quinn" title="Julia Quinn">Julia Quinn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bridgerton_(novel_series)" title="Bridgerton (novel series)"><i>Bridgerton</i> series</a> where Anthony, Viscount Bridgerton is the eldest son and head of the <a href="/wiki/Bridgerton_(novel_series)#Bridgerton_family_tree" title="Bridgerton (novel series)">eponymous family</a>. He is also the focus of the second novel of the series, the #1 <i>The New York Times</i> Bestseller <i><a href="/wiki/The_Viscount_Who_Loved_Me" title="The Viscount Who Loved Me">The Viscount Who Loved Me</a></i>, published in 2000<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The viscount is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bailey" title="Jonathan Bailey">Jonathan Bailey</a> in the Netflix television adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/Bridgerton" title="Bridgerton">Bridgerton</a></i> released in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another prominent fictional viscount is <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Raoul_de_Chagny" title="Viscount Raoul de Chagny">Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny</a>, one of the love interests in <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leroux" title="Gaston Leroux">Gaston Leroux</a>'s classic novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(novel)" title="The Phantom of the Opera (novel)">Le Fantôme de l'Opéra</a></i>. He is a notable viscount in France and a patron of the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Populaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Populaire">Opera Populaire</a>, the fictional opera house based on the real <a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Palais Garnier</a>. When Raoul marries <a href="/wiki/Christine_Daa%C3%A9" title="Christine Daaé">Christine Daaé</a> she becomes the Vicomtesse de Chagny.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_viscountcies" title="Lists of viscountcies">Lists of viscountcies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viscountcies_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland" title="List of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland">List of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viscountcies_in_Portugal" title="List of viscountcies in Portugal">List of viscountcies in Portugal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Several Italian noble dynasties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti of Milan</a>, ruled Milan from 1277 to 1447 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visconti_di_Modrone" title="Visconti di Modrone">Visconti di Modrone</a>, collateral branch of the Visconti of Milan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Pisa_and_Sardinia" title="Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia">Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia</a>, ruled Gallura in Sardinia from 1207 to 1250</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscount&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/viscount?showCookiePolicy=true"><i>Viscount</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Collins Dictionary">Collins Dictionary</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viscount&rft.pub=Collins+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fviscount%3FshowCookiePolicy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/viscountess?showCookiePolicy=true"><i>Viscountess</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Collins_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Collins Dictionary">Collins Dictionary</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viscountess&rft.pub=Collins+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fviscountess%3FshowCookiePolicy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Online_Etymology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Online_Etymology_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=viscount">"Viscount (n.)"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Viscount+%28n.%29&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dviscount&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upshur,_Terry,_Holoka,_Goff_&_Cassar_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpshurTerryHolokaGoff2011" class="citation book cs1">Upshur, Jiu-Hwa; Terry, Janice; Holoka, Jim; Goff, Richard; Cassar, George H. (2011). <i>Cengage Advantage Books: World History</i>. Vol. I. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781111345167" title="Special:BookSources/9781111345167"><bdi>9781111345167</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cengage+Advantage+Books%3A+World+History&rft.place=California&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing+Co+Inc&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781111345167&rft.aulast=Upshur&rft.aufirst=Jiu-Hwa&rft.au=Terry%2C+Janice&rft.au=Holoka%2C+Jim&rft.au=Goff%2C+Richard&rft.au=Cassar%2C+George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loud-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loud_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoud1999" class="citation book cs1">Loud, G. A. (1999). <i>Conquerors and churchmen in Norman Italy</i>. Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780860788034" title="Special:BookSources/9780860788034"><bdi>9780860788034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquerors+and+churchmen+in+Norman+Italy&rft.place=Surrey%2C+UK&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780860788034&rft.aulast=Loud&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petit=Dutaillis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petit=Dutaillis_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetit-Dutaillis1936" class="citation book cs1">Petit-Dutaillis, C. (1936). <i>The Feudal Monarchy in France and England</i>. Oxford, UK: Routledge. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136203503" title="Special:BookSources/9781136203503"><bdi>9781136203503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feudal+Monarchy+in+France+and+England&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1936&rft.isbn=9781136203503&rft.aulast=Petit-Dutaillis&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Journals_of_the_House_of_Lords_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S8I4AQAAIAAJ&q=onto+whom&pg=PA512">"Journals of the House of Lords"</a>. <b>cii</b>. 1870: 512<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=28+June+1838&rft.btitle=Queen+Victoria%27s+Journals&rft.place=Buckingham+Palace%2C+Princess+Beatrice%27s+copies&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1838-06-01%2F1838-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queenvictoriasjournals.org%2Fsearch%2FdisplayItemFromId.do%3FFormatType%3Dfulltextimgsrc%26QueryType%3Darticles%26ItemID%3Dqvj02134%26volumeType%3DPSBEA%23zoomHolder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Roll_of_the_Peerage-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Roll_of_the_Peerage_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenyerBavister2014" class="citation web cs1">Denyer, Ian; Bavister, Grant (2014) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717034647/http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/images/downloads/Roll%20of%20the%20Peerage.pdf">"The Roll of the Peerage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/images/downloads/Roll%20of%20the%20Peerage.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Roll+of+the+Peerage&rft.pub=College+of+Arms&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Denyer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Bavister%2C+Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.college-of-arms.gov.uk%2Fimages%2Fdownloads%2FRoll%2520of%2520the%2520Peerage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debretts:_Viscount_and_Viscountess-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:_Viscount_and_Viscountess_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-address/titles/viscount-and-viscountess">"Viscount and Viscountess"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debretts" class="mw-redirect" title="Debretts">Debretts</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courtesy+Titles&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-address%2Ftitles%2Fcourtesy-titles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debretts:Ceremonial_Robes-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Debretts:Ceremonial_Robes_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/people/essential-guide-peerage/ceremonial-robes">"Ceremonial Robes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Debretts" class="mw-redirect" title="Debretts">Debretts</a>. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+Robes&rft.pub=Debretts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fpeople%2Fessential-guide-peerage%2Fceremonial-robes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Function_of_the_Viscount's_department-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Function_of_the_Viscount's_department_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/Government/NonexecLegal/Viscount/Pages/Functions.aspx">"Functions of the Viscount's Department"</a>. States of Jersey. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Paris: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Librairie Hachette</a>. p. 166<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+about+France%3A+Brief+Answers+to+Recurring+Questions&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Librairie+Hachette&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Saillens&rft.aufirst=%C3%89mile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzbRBAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dduc%2Bmarquis%2Bcomte%2Bvicomte%2Bbaron%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jansen, <i>The Making of Modern Japan</i>, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarch_27EDT" class="citation web cs1">March 27, Maureen Lee Lenker Updated; EDT, 2022 at 01:26 AM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/tv/bridgerton-season-2-differences-novel-the-viscount-who-loved-me/">"How 'Bridgerton' season 2 differs from the novel 'The Viscount Who Loved Me'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=How+%27Bridgerton%27+season+2+differs+from+the+novel+%27The+Viscount+Who+Loved+Me%27&rft.aulast=March+27&rft.aufirst=Maureen+Lee+Lenker+Updated&rft.au=EDT%2C+2022+at+01%3A26+AM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Ftv%2Fbridgerton-season-2-differences-novel-the-viscount-who-loved-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.netflix.com/,%20https://about.netflix.com/en/news/top-10-week-of-april-18-anatomy-of-a-scandal-is-the-weeks-most-viewed-title">"Season 2 has officially cemented its place as the #1 English TV series on Netflix. One month after its premiere on Netflix, the secrets of Lady Whistledown have amassed a whopping 656.16M hours viewed"</a>. <i>About Netflix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Netflix&rft.atitle=Season+2+has+officially+cemented+its+place+as+the+%231+English+TV+series+on+Netflix.+One+month+after+its+premiere+on+Netflix%2C+the+secrets+of+Lady+Whistledown+have+amassed+a+whopping+656.16M+hours+viewed.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.netflix.com%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fabout.netflix.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ftop-10-week-of-april-18-anatomy-of-a-scandal-is-the-weeks-most-viewed-title&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaas2022" class="citation web cs1">Maas, Jennifer (19 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/bridgerton-season-2-beats-season-1-netflix-viewership-ratings-1235235479/">"<i>Bridgerton</i> Season 2 Overtakes Season 1 in Netflix's All-Time TV Rankings"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Bridgerton+Season+2+Overtakes+Season+1+in+Netflix%27s+All-Time+TV+Rankings&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fbridgerton-season-2-beats-season-1-netflix-viewership-ratings-1235235479%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeroux1909" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leroux, Gaston (1909). <i>le Fantôme de l'Opera</i> (in French). Pierre Laie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=le+Fant%C3%B4me+de+l%27Opera&rft.pub=Pierre+Laie&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Leroux&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViscount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Template talk:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Designations for types of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="List of terms for administrative divisions">English terms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_area" title="Local government area">Local government area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Areas_Board" title="Special Areas Board">Special area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_area" title="Unorganized area">Unorganized area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">County borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canton_(administrative_division)" title="Canton (administrative division)">Canton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Half-canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-canton">Half-canton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">Federal capital</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_city#Origins" title="Capital city">Imperial capital</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">Charter city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated city">Incorporated city</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_free_city" title="Royal free city">Royal free city</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_(administrative_division)" title="Community (administrative division)">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">Administrative county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_county" title="Autonomous county">Autonomous county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountcy">Viscounty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas country">Overseas country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_(administrative_division)" title="Department (administrative division)">Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District" title="District">District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital district">Capital district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_district" title="City district">City district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government district">Indian government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_district" title="Land district">Land district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba#Local_government_districts" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Local government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district">Metropolitan district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">Military district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_district" title="Municipal district">Municipal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_district" title="Police district">Police district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_district" title="Regional district">Regional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">Rural district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Sanitary district</a></li> <li>Service district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Educational service district (disambiguation)">Educational service district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_service_district" title="Local service district">Local service district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_school_district" title="Intermediate school district">Intermediate school district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_district" title="Urban district">Urban district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Division_(political_geography)" title="Division (political geography)">Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_division" title="Police division">Police division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue division">Subdivision of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian reserve/reservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="City municipality">City municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_municipality" title="County municipality">County municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">Direct-controlled municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_municipality" title="District municipality">District municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral municipality">Neutral municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">Regional municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_municipality" title="Resort municipality">Resort municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain resort municipality">Mountain resort municipality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_municipality" title="Rural municipality">Rural municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialized_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized municipality">Specialized municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">Subprefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-prefecture">Super-prefecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefecture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_province" title="Autonomous province">Autonomous province</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas province</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region" title="Special administrative region">Special administrative region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">Autonomous region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">Capital region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_region" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital region">National capital region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_region" title="Development region">Development region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoregion_(geography)" title="Mesoregion (geography)">Mesoregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microregion" title="Microregion">Microregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">Overseas region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subregion_(administrative_division)" title="Subregion (administrative division)">Subregion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">Proto-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_state_(polity)" title="Free state (polity)">Free state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital territory">Capital territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal capital territory">Federal capital territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital territory">National capital territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_territory" title="Federal territory">Federal territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated territory">Incorporated territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territory">Organized incorporated territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas territory">Overseas territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">Census town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">Township</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_township" title="Paper township">Paper township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_township" title="Survey township">Survey township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_township" title="Urban township">Urban township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional unit">Regional unit</a></li> <li>Territorial unit <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_territorial_unit" title="Autonomous territorial unit">Autonomous territorial unit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" title="Free economic zone">Free economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">Exclusion zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_exclusion_zone" title="Military exclusion zone">Military exclusion zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_speech_zone" title="Free speech zone">Free speech zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_(territorial_entity)" title="Neutral zone (territorial entity)">Neutral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-administered_zone" title="Self-administered zone">Self-administered zone</a></li> <li>Trade zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_English_terms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria#Alpine_resorts" title="Local government in Victoria">Alpine resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(administrative_division)" title="Banner (administrative division)">Banner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(district_subdivision)" title="Block (district subdivision)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">Cadastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_(administrative_division)" title="Circle (administrative division)">Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (administrative division)">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_duchy" title="District duchy">District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">Eldership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">Enclave and exclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal manor">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muftiate" title="Muftiate">Muftiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood" title="Neighbourhood">Neighbourhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_(division)" title="Riding (division)">Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_(administrative_division)" title="Sector (administrative division)">Sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sector">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Village</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_summer_villages_in_Alberta" title="List of summer villages in Alberta">Summer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(administrative_division)" title="Agency (administrative division)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_(county_division)" title="Barony (county division)">Barony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate" title="Exarchate">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hide_(unit)" title="Hide (unit)">Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">Monthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency (administrative division)">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_(administrative_division)" title="Seat (administrative division)">Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_(administrative_division)" title="Tenth (administrative division)">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">Tithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-English_terms_or_loanwords" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-English terms or loanwords</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt" title="Amt">Amt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apskritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apskritis">Apskritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashki">Bashki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Bezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">Comarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">Freguesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">Fu</a></li> <li>Gemeinde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(South_Tyrol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (South Tyrol)">South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeente_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gemeente (disambiguation)">Gemeente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada" title="Hromada">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude%C8%9B" title="Județ">Județ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong" title="Kampong">Kampong</a></li> <li>Kommun/Kunta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4n" title="Län">Län (Sweden)</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localit%C3%A0" title="Località">Località</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Maakunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Megye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Muban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">Mukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%ABsi_administrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Njësi administrative">Njësi administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblast" title="Autonomous oblast">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okrug" title="Okrug">Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Ostān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Purok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qark" class="mw-redirect" title="Qark">Qark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savivaldyb%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Savivaldybė">Savivaldybė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsoviet" title="Selsoviet">Selsoviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni%C5%ABnija" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniūnija">Seniūnija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Shahrestān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sum_(administrative_division)" title="Sum (administrative division)">Sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sums_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Sums of Inner Mongolia">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsla" title="Sýsla">Sýsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Townlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid" title="Heerlijkheid">Heerlijkheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komun%C3%AB" title="Komunë">Komunë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping" title="Köping">Köping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korale" title="Korale">Korale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Län/Lääni</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Landskommun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Maalaiskunta</a></li> <li>Nome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Pargana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plas%C4%83" title="Plasă">Plasă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rreth">Rreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socken" title="Socken">Socken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syssel" title="Syssel">Syssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_(administrative_division)" title="Zhou (administrative division)">Zhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. 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