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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Antiqua et nova</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Effective_date" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective date">Date effective</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28 January 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commissioned by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Dicastery for Culture and Education</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Víctor Manuel Fernández">Víctor Manuel Fernández</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tolentino_de_Mendon%C3%A7a" title="José Tolentino de Mendonça">José Tolentino de Mendonça</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Official website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_ddf_doc_20250128_antiqua-et-nova_en.html">English text on vatican.va</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Antiqua et nova</i></span></b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Ancient and new') is a doctrinal note of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> co-issued by the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Dicastery for Culture and Education">Dicastery for Culture and Education</a> in January 2025. It addresses the "relationship between <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> [AI] and <a href="/wiki/Human_intelligence" title="Human intelligence">human intelligence</a>" and offers reflections on the "anthropological and ethical challenges raised by AI".<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_et_nova&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the substantial increase in the proliferation and usage of <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language models</a> such as <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> expressed concerns about a "technocratic" future and transparency in the development of further <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> technologies at the <a href="/wiki/50th_G7_summit" title="50th G7 summit">2024 G7 summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also addressed the topic in his October 2024 encyclical <i><a href="/wiki/Dilexit_nos" title="Dilexit nos">Dilexit nos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City State">Vatican City State</a> enacted laws about the usage of AI on 1 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 January 2025, Pope Francis met with Cardinal <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Víctor Manuel Fernández">Víctor Manuel Fernández</a>, prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>, and approved the draft document of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Antiqua et nova</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, Fernández announced the pending publication of a document on AI which was released on 28 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_et_nova&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Antiqua et nova</i></span> is a 30-page-long document known as a note. The document's name is derived from its <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">first words</a> in Latin, corresponding to "ancient and new" in the English version.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document, in 117 paragraphs, addresses challenges and opportunities in AI in the fields of education, economy, work, health, relationships, and war.<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The note calls attention to workers becoming "deskilled" and becoming more subject to harsh, repetitive labor and surveillance. It also warns of students failing to develop critical thinking skills, while cautiously noting prudential use of AI can help provide instant critiques.<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding war, the note declares of "grave ethical concern" are autonomous lethal weapons systems without direct human intervention or control. It also draws attention to environmental concerns about the use of water and energy needed to run the necessary hardware for AI.<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document expresses serious concerns about <a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">deepfakes</a> and false information generated by AI, as well as further privacy issues surrounding surveillance and expressing matters of conscience to chat models.<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It warns of a <a href="/wiki/Technocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Technocrat">technocratic</a> control of society, with large companies exerting significant social and political influence capable of manipulating consciences and democratic process.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The document concludes that artificial intelligence must only be used to complement human intelligence rather than replacing it, as a replacement would enslave humanity and serve as a "substitute for God".<sup id="cite_ref-VN_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_et_nova&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCernuzio2025" class="citation news cs1">Cernuzio, Salvatore (28 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2025-01/new-vatican-document-examines-potential-and-risks-of-ai.html">"New Vatican document examines potential and risks of AI"</a>. <i>Vatican News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=New+Vatican+document+examines+potential+and+risks+of+AI&rft.date=2025-01-28&rft.aulast=Cernuzio&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fvatican-city%2Fnews%2F2025-01%2Fnew-vatican-document-examines-potential-and-risks-of-ai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntiqua+et+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericaMag-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmericaMag_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AI%3A+Pope+expresses+concern+over+%27technocratic%27+future&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2Fai-pope-expresses-concern-over-technocratic-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntiqua+et+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyers2024" class="citation news cs1">Ayers, Emma (25 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/oct/25/pope-francis-targets-ai-new-encyclical/">"Pope Francis targets AI in new encyclical"</a>. <i>The Washington Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241027141126/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/oct/25/pope-francis-targets-ai-new-encyclical/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+targets+AI+in+new+encyclical&rft.date=2024-10-25&rft.aulast=Ayers&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2Foct%2F25%2Fpope-francis-targets-ai-new-encyclical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntiqua+et+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMares2025" class="citation news cs1">Mares, Courtney (14 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/261551/a-look-at-vatican-citys-new-artificial-intelligence-law">"A look at Vatican City's new artificial intelligence law"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Antiqua+et+nova.+Note+on+the+Relationship+Between+Artificial+Intelligence+and+Human+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fdocuments%2Frc_ddf_doc_20250128_antiqua-et-nova_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntiqua+et+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_et_nova&oldid=1277738855">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_et_nova&oldid=1277738855</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2025_documents" title="Category:2025 documents">2025 documents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2025_in_Christianity" title="Category:2025 in Christianity">2025 in Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Documents_of_the_Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Category:Documents of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Documents of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Documents_of_the_Dicastery_for_Culture_and_Education" title="Category:Documents of the Dicastery for Culture and Education">Documents of the Dicastery for Culture and Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethics_of_science_and_technology" title="Category:Ethics of science and technology">Ethics of science and technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Artificial_intelligence_publications" title="Category:Artificial intelligence publications">Artificial intelligence publications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Category:Philosophy of artificial intelligence">Philosophy of artificial intelligence</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2025" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2025">Use dmy dates from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Official website not in Wikidata">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 February 2025, at 12:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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