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eruption</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: volcanic eruption"> <meta name="keywords" content="volcanic eruption"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="volcanic eruption"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 123</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: volcanic eruption</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Safe School Program in Indonesia: Questioning Whether It Is Too Hard to Succeed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Ngurah">Ida Ngurah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is one of the most prone disaster countries, which has earthquake, tsunami or high wave, flood and landslide as well as volcano eruption and drought. Disaster risk reduction has been developing extensively and comprehensively, particularly after tsunami hit in 2004. Yet, saving people live including children and youth from disaster risk is still far from succeed. Poor management of environment, poor development of policy and high level of corruption has become challenges for Indonesia to save its people from disaster impact. Indonesia is struggling to ensure its future best investment, children and youth to have better protection when disaster strike in school hours and have basic knowledge on disaster risk reduction. The program of safe school is being initiated and developed by Plan Indonesia since 2010, yet this effort still needs to be elaborated. This paper is reviewing sporadic safe school programs that have been implemented or currently being implemented Plan Indonesia in few areas of Indonesia, including both rural and urban setting. Methods used are in-depth interview with dedicated person for the program from Plan Indonesia and its implementing patners and analysis of project documents. The review includes program’s goal and objectives, implementation activity, result and achievement as well as its monitoring and evaluation scheme. Moreover, paper will be showing challenges, lesson learned and best practices of the program. Eventually, paper will come up with recommendation for strategy for better implementation of safe school program in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20impact" title="disaster impact">disaster impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20school" title=" safe school"> safe school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programs" title=" programs"> programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24875/safe-school-program-in-indonesia-questioning-whether-it-is-too-hard-to-succeed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Geothermal Resources of Saudi Arabia: An Update</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aref%20Lashin">Aref Lashin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saudi Arabia vision of 2030 calls for the diversification of energy sources in the Kingdom. Accordingly, Saudi Arabia has launched a promising plan aims to gradually power the major industrial activities in country by renewable and low carbon energy sources. The geothermal sources are among the promising renewable sources that can support the achievement of the country vision and energy mix plan. Saudi Arabia is enriched with several geothermal resources especially in the western and southwestern regions along the Red Sea region. This paper will give an overview on the different geothermal resources (Hydrothermal, Harrats volcanic eruptions and hot dry rocks) of Saudi Arabia, their categories and classifications as well as the different exploration (Geophysical, geological, geochemical, etc) and drilling enhanced during the last few decades. The economic viability and the possible contribution of geothermal resources in the future of renewable energy of Saudi Arabia is discussed. Some case studies from Jizan, Al-Lith, Harrats and Midyan areas are demonstrated. Scenarios of different low and high geothermal applications for possible power generations, as well as other low-grade utilizations, e.g. direct use, district heating & cooling, medical therapy, etc., are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KSA%20vison%202023" title="KSA vison 2023">KSA vison 2023</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20mix" title=" energy mix"> energy mix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20resources" title=" geothermal resources"> geothermal resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications" title=" applications"> applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192169/geothermal-resources-of-saudi-arabia-an-update" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> R Software for Parameter Estimation of Spatio-Temporal Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Nurani%20Ruchjana">Budi Nurani Ruchjana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atje%20Setiawan%20Abdullah"> Atje Setiawan Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Gede%20Nyoman%20Mindra%20Jaya"> I. Gede Nyoman Mindra Jaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy%20Hermawan"> Eddy Hermawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose the application package to estimate parameters of spatiotemporal model based on the multivariate time series analysis using the R open-source software. We build packages mainly to estimate the parameters of the Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) model. GSTAR is a combination of time series and spatial models that have parameters vary per location. We use the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and use the Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) to fit the model to spatiotemporal real phenomenon. For case study, we use oil production data from volcanic layer at Jatibarang Indonesia or climate data such as rainfall in Indonesia. Software R is very user-friendly and it is making calculation easier, processing the data is accurate and faster. Limitations R script for the estimation of model parameters spatiotemporal GSTAR built is still limited to a stationary time series model. Therefore, the R program under windows can be developed either for theoretical studies and application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSTAR%20Model" title="GSTAR Model">GSTAR Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAPE" title=" MAPE"> MAPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLS%20method" title=" OLS method"> OLS method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20production" title=" oil production"> oil production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%20software" title=" R software"> R software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62320/r-software-for-parameter-estimation-of-spatio-temporal-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Spectral Re-Evaluation of the Magnetic Basement Depth over Yola Arm of Upper Benue Trough Nigeria Using Aeromagnetic Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emberga%20Terhemb%20Opara%20Alexander">Emberga Terhemb Opara Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selemo%20Alexader"> Selemo Alexader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyekwuru%20Samuel"> Onyekwuru Samuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aeromagnetic data have been used to re-evaluate parts of the Upper Benue Trough Nigeria using spectral analysis technique in order to appraise the mineral accumulation potential of the area. The regional field was separated with a first order polynomial using polyfit program. The residual data was subdivided into 24 spectral blocks using OASIS MONTAJ software program. Two prominent magnetic depth source layers were identified. The deeper source depth values obtained ranges from 1.56km to 2.92km with an average depth of 2.37km as the magnetic basement depth while for the shallower sources, the depth values ranges from -1.17km to 0.98km with an average depth of 0.55km. The shallow depth source is attributed to the volcanic rocks that intruded the sedimentary formation and this could possibly be responsible for the mineralization found in parts of the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title="spectral analysis">spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Upper%20Benue%20Trough" title=" Upper Benue Trough"> Upper Benue Trough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20basement%20depth" title=" magnetic basement depth"> magnetic basement depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeromagnetic" title=" aeromagnetic"> aeromagnetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27913/spectral-re-evaluation-of-the-magnetic-basement-depth-over-yola-arm-of-upper-benue-trough-nigeria-using-aeromagnetic-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Effect of Weathering on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sediments of the Hyper Saline Urmia Salt Lake, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samad%20Alipour">Samad Alipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadije%20Mosavi%20Onlaghi"> Khadije Mosavi Onlaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urmia Salt Lake (USL) is a hypersaline lake in the northwest of Iran. It contains halite as main dissolved and precipitated mineral and the major mineral mixed with lake bed sediments. Other detrital minerals such as calcite, aragonite, dolomite, quartz, feldspars, augite are forming lake sediments. This study examined the impact of weathering of this sediments collected from 1.5 meters depth and augite placers. The study indicated that weathering of tephritic and adakite rocks of the Islamic Island at the immediate boundary of the lake play a main control of lake bed sediments and has produced a large volume of augite placer along the lake bank. Weathering increases from south to toward north with increasing distance from Islamic Island. Geochemistry of lake sediments demonstrated the enrichment of MgO, CaO, Sr with an elevated anomaly of Eu, possibly due to surface absorbance of Mn and Fe associated Sr elevation originating from adakite volcanic rocks in the vicinity of the lake basin. The study shows the local geology is the major factor in origin of lake sediments than chemical and biochemical produced mineral during diagenetic processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urmia%20Lake" title="Urmia Lake">Urmia Lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogy" title=" mineralogy"> mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augite" title=" augite"> augite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54597/effect-of-weathering-on-the-mineralogy-and-geochemistry-of-sediments-of-the-hyper-saline-urmia-salt-lake-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Paleopalynology as an Analysis Tool to Measure the Resilience of the Ecosystems of the Western Mediterranean and Their Adaptation to Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ismael%20Roman%20Moreno">F. Ismael Roman Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisca%20Alba%20Sanchez"> Francisca Alba Sanchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over time, the plant landscape has changed as a result of the numerous events on a global and local scale that have happened. This is the case of the Mediterranean ecosystems, one of the most complex and rich in endemisms on the planet, subjected to anthropic pressures from the beginning of civilizations. The intervention in these systems together with climate changes has led to changes in diversity, tree cover, shrub, and ultimately in the structure and functioning of these ecosystems. Paleopalinology is used as a tool for analysis of pollen and non-pollen microfossils preserved in the flooded grasslands of the Middle Atlas (Morocco). This allows reconstructing the evolution of vegetation and climate, as well as providing data and reasoning to different ecological, cultural and historical processes. Although climatic and anthropic events are well documented in Europe, they are not so well documented in North Africa, which gives added value to the study area. The results obtained serve to predict the behavior and evolution of Mediterranean mountain ecosystems during the Holocene, their response to future changes, resilience, and recovery from climatic and anthropic disturbances. In the stratigraphic series analyzed, nine major events were detected, eight of which appeared to be of climatic and anthropic origin, and one unexpected, related to volcanic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropic" title="anthropic">anthropic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holocene" title=" Holocene"> Holocene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paleopalynology" title=" paleopalynology"> paleopalynology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102634/paleopalynology-as-an-analysis-tool-to-measure-the-resilience-of-the-ecosystems-of-the-western-mediterranean-and-their-adaptation-to-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Chemical Composition, Petrology and P-T Conditions of Ti-Mg-Biotites within Syenitic Rocks from the Lar Igneous Suite, East of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasan%20Ghafaribijar">Sasan Ghafaribijar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Hakimi"> Javad Hakimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Arvin"> Mohsen Arvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Tahernezhad"> Peyman Tahernezhad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Lar Igneous Suite (LIS), east of Iran, is part of post collisional alkaline magmatism related to Late Cretaceous- mid Eocene Sistan suture zone. The suite consists of a wide variety of igneous rocks, from volcanic to intrusive and hypabissal rocks such as tuffs, trachyte, monzonite, syenites and lamprophyres. Syenitic rocks which mainly occur in a giant ring dike and stocks, are shoshonitic to potassic-ultrapotassic (K<sub>2</sub>O/Na<sub>2</sub>O > 2 wt.%; MgO > 3 wt.%; K<sub>2</sub>O > 3 wt.%) in composition and are also associated with Cu-Mo mineralization. In this study, chemical composition of biotites within the Lar syenites (LS) is determined by electron microprobe analysis. The results show that LS biotites are Ti-Mg-biotites (phlogopite) which contain relatively high Ti and Mg, and low Fe concentrations. The Mg/(Fe<sup>2+</sup>+ Mg) ratio in these biotites range between 0.56 and 0.73 that represent their transitionally chemical evolution. TiO<sub>2</sub> content in these biotites is high and in the range of 3.0-5.4 wt.%. These chemical characteristics indicate that the LS biotites are primary and have been crystallized directly from magma. The investigations also demonstrate that the LS biotites have crystallized from a magma of orogenic nature. Temperature and pressure are the most significant factors controlling Mg and Ti content in the LS biotites, respectively. The results show that the LS biotites crystallized at temperatures (T) between 800 to 842 °C and pressures (P) between 0.99 to 1.44 kbar. These conditions are indicative of a crystallization depth of 3.26-4.74 km. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sistan%20suture%20zone" title="sistan suture zone">sistan suture zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lar%20Igneous%20Suite" title=" Lar Igneous Suite"> Lar Igneous Suite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zahedan" title=" zahedan"> zahedan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syenite" title=" syenite"> syenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotite" title=" biotite"> biotite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109121/chemical-composition-petrology-and-p-t-conditions-of-ti-mg-biotites-within-syenitic-rocks-from-the-lar-igneous-suite-east-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Placer Gold Deposits in Madari Gold Mine, Southern Eastern Desert, Egypt: Orientation, Source and Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Sedki">Tarek Sedki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Madari gold mine is delineated by latitudes 22° 30' 29" and 22° 32' 33" N and longitudes 36° 24' 03" and 35°11' 44" E. Geologically, Madari rock units are classified into dismembered ophiolites, arc volcanic assemblage, syntectonic metagabbro-diorites and Mineralized quartz diorite and granodiorite<span dir="RTL">.</span> Deposition of gold in area occurred as a direct result of weathering of nearby gold-bearing veins. Main concentrations of gold are supposed to ensue close to the bed rock. Nevertheless, the several shallow channel-fill features covering lag deposits, arising throughout the alluvial fan sequence would definitely contain a percentage of the finer gold due to the limited washing and sorting capacity of the uncommon flood events. Gold deposits arise as disseminated and separate gold with limited pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite everywhere veins in the wall rocks and lode gold deposits in quartz veins. In places, the wall rocks, in near district of the quartz vein, are grieved strong silicification, chloritization and pyritization as a result of a metasomatic alteration due to purification of external hydrothermal fluids. Quartz veins are mostly steeply dipping and display banding features and frequently sheared and brecciated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madari%20gold%20mine" title="Madari gold mine">Madari gold mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placer%20deposits" title=" placer deposits"> placer deposits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20eastern%20desert" title=" southern eastern desert"> southern eastern desert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mineralization" title=" gold mineralization"> gold mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quartz%20veins" title=" quartz veins"> quartz veins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133148/placer-gold-deposits-in-madari-gold-mine-southern-eastern-desert-egypt-orientation-source-and-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Characteristics and Key Exploration Directions of Gold Deposits in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang">Bin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Xu"> Yong Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggang%20Qu"> Honggang Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongmei%20Liu"> Rongmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenji%20Gao"> Zhenji Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the geodynamic environment, basic geological characteristics of minerals and so on, gold deposits in China are divided into 11 categories, of which tectonic fracture altered rock, mid-intrudes and contact zone, micro-fine disseminated and continental volcanic types are the main prospecting kinds. The metallogenic age of gold deposits in China is dominated by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. According to the geotectonic units, geological evolution, geological conditions, spatial distribution, gold deposits types, metallogenic factors etc., 42 gold concentration areas are initially determined and have a concentrated distribution feature. On the basis of the gold exploration density, gold concentration areas are divided into high, medium and low level areas. High ones are mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions. 93.04% of the gold exploration drillings are within 500 meters, but there are some problems, such as less and shallower of drilling verification etc.. The paper discusses the resource potentials of gold deposits and proposes the future prospecting directions and suggestions. The deep and periphery of old mines in the central and eastern regions and western area, especially in Xinjiang and Qinghai, will be the future key prospecting one and have huge potential gold reserves. If the exploration depth is extended to 2,000 meters shallow, the gold resources will double. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20deposits" title="gold deposits">gold deposits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20deposits%20types" title=" gold deposits types"> gold deposits types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20concentration%20areas" title=" gold concentration areas"> gold concentration areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospecting" title=" prospecting"> prospecting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20potentiality" title=" resource potentiality"> resource potentiality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167347/characteristics-and-key-exploration-directions-of-gold-deposits-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Volcanoscape Space Configuration Zoning Based on Disaster Mitigation by Utilizing GIS Platform in Mt. Krakatau Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vega%20Erdiana%20Dwi%20Fransiska">Vega Erdiana Dwi Fransiska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abyan%20Rai%20Fauzan%20Machmudin"> Abyan Rai Fauzan Machmudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particularly, space configuration zoning is the very first juncture of a complete space configuration and region planning. Zoning is aimed to define discrete knowledge based on a local wisdom. Ancient predecessor scientifically study the sign of natural disaster towards ethnography approach by operating this knowledge. There are three main functions of space zoning, which are control function, guidance function, and additional function. The control function refers to an instrument for development control and as one of the essentials in controlling land use. Hence, the guidance function indicates as guidance for proposing operational planning and technical development or land usage. Any additional function is useful as a supplementary for region or province planning details. This phase likewise accredits to define boundary in an open space based on geographical appearance. Informant who is categorized as an elder lives in earthquake prone area, to be precise the area is the surrounding of Mount Krakatau. The collected data is one of method for analyzed with thematic model. Later on, it will be verified. In space zoning, long-range distance sensor is applied to determine visualization of the area, which will be zoned before the step of survey to validate the data. The data, which is obtained from long-range distance sensor and site survey, will be overlaid using GIS Platform. Comparing the knowledge based on a local wisdom that is well known by elderly in that area, some of it is relevant to the research, while the others are not. Based on the site survey, the interpretation of a long-range distance sensor, and determining space zoning by considering various aspects resulted in the pattern map of space zoning. This map can be integrated with disaster mitigation affected by volcano eruption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title="elderly">elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20platform" title=" GIS platform"> GIS platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20zoning" title=" space zoning"> space zoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41085/volcanoscape-space-configuration-zoning-based-on-disaster-mitigation-by-utilizing-gis-platform-in-mt-krakatau-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Investigating the Potential for Introduction of Warm Mix Asphalt in Kuwait Using the Volcanic Ash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Al-Baghli">H. Al-Baghli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Al-Asfour"> F. Al-Asfour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current applied asphalt technology for Kuwait roads pavement infrastructure is the hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement, including both pen grade and polymer modified bitumen (PMBs), that is produced and compacted at high temperature levels ranging from 150 to 180 °C. There are no current specifications for warm and cold mix asphalts in Kuwait’s Ministry of Public Works (MPW) asphalt standard and specifications. The process of the conventional HMA is energy intensive and directly responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases and other environmental hazards into the atmosphere leading to significant environmental impacts and raising health risk to labors at site. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology, a sustainable alternative preferred in multiple countries, has many environmental advantages because it requires lower production temperatures than HMA by 20 to 40 °C. The reduction of temperatures achieved by WMA originates from multiple technologies including foaming and chemical or organic additives that aim to reduce bitumen and improve mix workability. This paper presents a literature review of WMA technologies and techniques followed by an experimental study aiming to compare the results of produced WMA samples, using a water containing additive (foaming process), at different compaction temperatures with the HMA control volumetric properties mix designed in accordance to the new MPW’s specifications and guidelines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warm-mix%20asphalt" title="warm-mix asphalt">warm-mix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-bearing%20additives" title=" water-bearing additives"> water-bearing additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foaming-based%20process" title=" foaming-based process"> foaming-based process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20additives" title=" chemical additives"> chemical additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20additives" title=" organic additives"> organic additives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132050/investigating-the-potential-for-introduction-of-warm-mix-asphalt-in-kuwait-using-the-volcanic-ash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Geological Structure as the Main Factor in Landslide Deployment in Purworejo District Central Java Province Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilman%20Agil%20Satria">Hilman Agil Satria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezky%20Naufan%20Hendrawan"> Rezky Naufan Hendrawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia is vulnerable to geological hazard because of its location in subduction zone and have tropical climate. Landslide is one of the most happened geological hazard in Indonesia, based on Indonesia Geospasial data, at least 194 landslides recorded in 2013. In fact, research location is placed as the third city that most happened landslide in Indonesia. Landslide caused damage of many houses and wrecked the road. The purpose of this research is to make a landslide zone therefore can be used as one of mitigation consideration. The location is in Bruno, Porworejo district Central Java Province Indonesia at 109.903 – 109.99 and -7.59 – -7.50 with 10 Km x 10 Km wide. Based on geological mapping result, the research location consist of Late Miocene sandstone and claystone, and Pleistocene volcanic breccia and tuff. Those landslide happened in the lithology that close with fault zone. This location has so many geological structures: joints, faults and folds. There are 3 thrust faults, 1 normal faults, 4 strike slip faults and 6 folds. This geological structure movement is interpreted as the main factor that has triggered landslide in this location. This research use field data as well as samples of rock, joint, slicken side and landslide location which is combined with DEM SRTM to analyze geomorphology. As the final result of combined data will be presented as geological map, geological structure map and landslide zone map. From this research we can assume that there is correlation between geological structure and landslide locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20structure" title="geological structure">geological structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porworejo" title=" Porworejo"> Porworejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia "> Indonesia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1960/geological-structure-as-the-main-factor-in-landslide-deployment-in-purworejo-district-central-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-lying areas: Coastal Evolution and Impact of Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios in Mirabello Gulf - NE Crete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Kazantzaki">Maria Kazantzaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Tsakalos"> Evangelos Tsakalos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Filippaki"> Eleni Filippaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yannis%20Bassiakos"> Yannis Bassiakos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mediterranean areas are characterized by intense seismic and volcanic activity as well as eustatic changes, the result of which is the creation of particularly vulnerable coastal zones. The most vulnerable are low-lying coastal areas, the geomorphological evolution of which are highly affected by natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. Therefore, assessing changes that take place along coastal zones is of great importance in order to enable the development of integrated coastal management plans. A characteristic case is the gulf of Mirabello in N.E Crete, where intense coastal erosion, in combination with the tectonic subsidence of the area, threatens a large part of the coastal zone, resulting in direct socio-economic impacts. The present study assesses the temporal geomorphological changes that have taken place in the coastal zone of Mirabello gulf to provide a clear frame of the coastal zone evolution over time and performs a vulnerability assessment based on the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) methodology by Thieler and Hammar-Klose, considering geological features, coastal slope, relative sea-level change, shoreline erosion/accretion rates and mean significant wave height as well as mean tide range in the area. In light of this, an impact assessment, based on three different sea level rise scenarios, is also performed and presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20vulnerability%20index" title="coastal vulnerability index">coastal vulnerability index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20erosion" title=" coastal erosion"> coastal erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20level%20rise" title=" sea level rise"> sea level rise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142205/sea-level-rise-and-implications-for-low-lying-areas-coastal-evolution-and-impact-of-future-sea-level-rise-scenarios-in-mirabello-gulf-ne-crete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Isolation of a Bacterial Community with High Removal Efficiencies of the Insecticide Bendiocarb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eusebio%20A.%20Jim%C3%A9nez-Ar%C3%A9valo">Eusebio A. Jiménez-Arévalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deifilia%20Ahuatzi-Chac%C3%B3n"> Deifilia Ahuatzi-Chacón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juvencio%20Gal%C3%ADndez-Mayer"> Juvencio Galíndez-Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cleotilde%20Ju%C3%A1rez-Ram%C3%ADrez"> Cleotilde Juárez-Ramírez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Ruiz-Ordaz"> Nora Ruiz-Ordaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bendiocarb is a known toxic xenobiotic that presents acute and chronic risks for freshwater invertebrates and estuarine and marine biota; thus, the treatment of water contaminated with the insecticide is of concern. In this paper, a bacterial community with the capacity to grow in bendiocarb as its sole carbon and nitrogen source was isolated by enrichment techniques in batch culture, from samples of a composting plant located in the northeast of Mexico City. Eight cultivable bacteria were isolated from the microbial community, by PCR amplification of 16 rDNA; <em>Pseudoxanthomonas spadix</em> (NC_016147.2, 98%), <em>Ochrobacterium anthropi</em> (NC_009668.1, 97%), <em>Staphylococcus capitis</em> (NZ_CP007601.1, 99%), <em>Bosea thiooxidans</em>. (NZ_LMAR01000067.1, 99%), <em>Pseudomonas denitrificans</em>. (NC_020829.1, 99%), <em>Agromyces </em>sp. (NZ_LMKQ01000001.1, 98%), <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>. (NC_022873.1, 97%), <em>Pseudomonas alkylphenolia </em>(NZ_CP009048.1, 98%). NCBI accession numbers and percentage of similarity are indicated in parentheses. These bacteria were regarded as the isolated species for having the best similarity matches. The ability to degrade bendiocarb by the immobilized bacterial community in a packed bed biofilm reactor, using as support volcanic stone fragments (tezontle), was evaluated. The reactor system was operated in batch using mineral salts medium and 30 mg/L of bendiocarb as carbon and nitrogen source. With this system, an overall removal efficiency (η<sub>bend</sub>) rounding 90%, was reached. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bendiocarb" title="bendiocarb">bendiocarb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm%20reactor" title=" biofilm reactor"> biofilm reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbamate%20insecticide" title=" carbamate insecticide"> carbamate insecticide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55702/isolation-of-a-bacterial-community-with-high-removal-efficiencies-of-the-insecticide-bendiocarb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Modeling and Estimating Reserve of the Ali Javad Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit, East Azerbaijan, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Hajalilou">Behzad Hajalilou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Hajalilou"> Nasim Hajalilou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Ansari"> Saeid Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study area is located in East Azerbaijan province, north of Ahar city, and 1/100000 geological map of Varzgan. This region is located in the middle of Iran zone. Ali Javad Porphyry copper-gold ore deposit has been created in a magmatic complex containing intrusive masses, combining Granodiorite and quartz Monzonite that penetrates into the Eocene volcanic aggregate. The most important mineralization includes primary oxides minerals (magnetite), sulfide (pyrite, chalcopyrite, Molybdenite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Covollite), secondary oxide or hydroxide minerals (hematite, goethite, limonite), and carbonate (malachite and Azurite). The mineralization forms into the vein-veinlets and scattered system. The alterations observed in the region include intermediate Argillic, advanced Argillic, Phyllic, silica, Propylitic, chlorite and Potassic. The 3D model of mineralization of the Alijavad is provided by Data DATAMINE software and based on the study of 700 polished sections of 32 drilled boreholes in the region. This model is completely compatible with the model provided by Lowell and Gilbert for the mineralization of porphyry copper deposits of quartz Monzonite type. The estimated cumulative residual value of copper for Ali Javad deposit is 81.5 million tons with 0.75 percent of copper, and for gold is 8.37 million tons with 1.8 ppm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porphyry%20copper" title="porphyry copper">porphyry copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Javad" title=" Ali Javad"> Ali Javad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reserve%20estimation" title=" reserve estimation"> reserve estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83584/modeling-and-estimating-reserve-of-the-ali-javad-porphyry-copper-gold-deposit-east-azerbaijan-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Association between Caries Status of First Permanent Molar with Oral Health Care Practice in Children Aged 9-12 Years in Lubuk Kilangan, Padang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cytha%20Nilam%20Chairani">Cytha Nilam Chairani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ditha%20Noviantika"> Ditha Noviantika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidayati%20Amir"> Hidayati Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Khairiyah"> Nurul Khairiyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rahmadita"> Siti Rahmadita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadila%20Khairani"> Fadila Khairani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Dental caries is one of the most common diseases with high prevalence in children. The first permanent molar (FPM) has an essential role in establishing the occlusion. Nevertheless, FPM is very prone to caries because of various factors, such as their anatomical structure and early emergence in oral cavity. It is due to the little knowledge from parents and children regarding the timing of emergence of FPM in oral cavity which is still considered as primary teeth. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge from parents and children may affect their oral hygiene practice resulting to carious process. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the status of FPM caries and its association with children’s oral hygiene practice in 9-12-year-old school children in Lubuk Kilangan Community Health Centre, Padang City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 school children (9-12 years old) using random sampling technique from two randomly selected schools in Lubuk Kilangan Community Health Centre, Padang City. A questionnaire was developed from other studies consisting of four closed ended questions regarding oral health practice. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney Test to assess the status of FPM caries and its association with children’s oral hygiene practice. Results: The results showed that 32% of children had FPMs sound and the remaining 68% had FPMs carious which were grouped into 1-2 FPMs carious (60%) and 3-4 FPMs carious (8%). The caries status of mandibular FPM (64%) was higher compared to maxillary FPM (10%). Conclusion: There was significant association in subject who did not visit dentist in the last 6 months which had more carious FPMs compared to subject who visited dentist (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between the status of FPM caries and knowledge of the timing eruption of FPM, oral hygiene instruction from parents and tooth brushing (p > 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20caries" title="dental caries">dental caries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20permanent%20molar" title=" first permanent molar"> first permanent molar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20hygiene%20practice" title=" oral hygiene practice"> oral hygiene practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71581/association-between-caries-status-of-first-permanent-molar-with-oral-health-care-practice-in-children-aged-9-12-years-in-lubuk-kilangan-padang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Mapping Thermal Properties Using Resistivity, Lithology and Thermal Conductivity Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Pasquali">Riccardo Pasquali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Harlin"> Keith Harlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Muller"> Mark Muller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ShallowTherm project is focussed on developing and applying a methodology for extrapolating relatively sparsely sampled thermal conductivity measurements across Ireland using mapped Litho-Electrical (LE) units. The primary data used consist of electrical resistivities derived from the Geological Survey Ireland Tellus airborne electromagnetic dataset, GIS-based maps of Irish geology, and rock thermal conductivities derived from both the current Irish Ground Thermal Properties (IGTP) database and a new programme of sampling and laboratory measurement. The workflow has been developed across three case-study areas that sample a range of different calcareous, arenaceous, argillaceous, and volcanic lithologies. Statistical analysis of resistivity data from individual geological formations has been assessed and integrated with detailed lithological descriptions to define distinct LE units. Thermal conductivity measurements from core and hand samples have been acquired for every geological formation within each study area. The variability and consistency of thermal conductivity measurements within each LE unit is examined with the aim of defining a characteristic thermal conductivity (or range of thermal conductivities) for each LE unit. Mapping of LE units, coupled with characteristic thermal conductivities, provides a method of defining thermal conductivity properties at a regional scale and facilitating the design of ground source heat pump closed-loop collectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title="thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20source%20heat%20pumps" title=" ground source heat pumps"> ground source heat pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchange" title=" heat exchange"> heat exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20geothermal" title=" shallow geothermal"> shallow geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireland" title=" Ireland"> Ireland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130116/mapping-thermal-properties-using-resistivity-lithology-and-thermal-conductivity-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Exceptionally Glauconite-Rich Strata from the Miocene Bejaoua Facies of Northern Tunisia: Origin, Composition, and Depositional Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelbasset%20Tounekti">Abdelbasset Tounekti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Boukhalfa"> Kamel Boukhalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tathagata%20Roy%20Choudhury"> Tathagata Roy Choudhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Soussi"> Mohamed Soussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Banerjee"> Santanu Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exceptionally glauconite-rich Miocene strata are superbly exposed throughout the front of the nappes zone of northern Tunisia. Each of the glauconitic fine-grained intervals coincide with the peak rise of third order sea-level cycles during the Burdigalian-Langhiantime. These deposits show coarsening- and thickening-upward glauconitic shale and sandstone, recording a shallowing upward progression across offshore-shoreface settings. Petrographic investigation reveals that the glauconite was originated from the alteration of fecal pellets, and lithoclast including feldspar, volcanic particle, and quartz and infillings with intraparticle pores. Mineralogical analysis of both randomly oriented and air-dried, ethylene-glycolate, and heated glauconite pellets show the low intensity of (002) reflection peaks, indicating high iron substitution for aluminum in octahedral sites. Geochemical characterization of the Miocene glauconite reveals a high K2O and variable Fe2O3 (total) content. A combination of layer lattice and divertissement theories explains the origin of glauconite. The formation of glauconite was facilitated by the abundant supply of Fe through contemporaneous volcanism in Algeria and surrounding areas, which accompanied the African-European plate convergence. Therefore, the occurrence of glauconite in the Miocene succession of Tunisia is influenced by the combination of eustacy and volcanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glauconite" title="glauconite">glauconite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autogenic" title=" autogenic"> autogenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcanism" title=" volcanism"> volcanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemistry" title=" geochemistry"> geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chamosite" title=" chamosite"> chamosite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20Tunisia" title=" northern Tunisia"> northern Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miocene" title=" miocene"> miocene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142848/exceptionally-glauconite-rich-strata-from-the-miocene-bejaoua-facies-of-northern-tunisia-origin-composition-and-depositional-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Fluoranthene Removal in Wastewater Using Biological and Physico-Chemical Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Salmeron%20Alcocer">Angelica Salmeron Alcocer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deifilia%20Ahuatzi%20Chacon"> Deifilia Ahuatzi Chacon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Rodriguez%20Casasola"> Felipe Rodriguez Casasola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced naturally (forest fires, volcanic eruptions) and human activity (burning fossil fuels). Concern for PAHs is due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects and so pose a potential risk to human health and ecology. Therefore these are considered the most toxic components of oil, they are highly hydrophobic, making them easily depositable on the floor, air and water. One method of removing PAHs of contaminated soil used surfactants such as Tween 80, which it has been reported as less toxic and also increases the solubility of the PAH compared to other surfactants, fluoranthene is a PAH with molecular formula C16H10, its name derives from the fluorescence which presents to UV light. In this paper, a study of the fluoranthene removal solubilized with Tween 80 in synthetic wastewater using a microbial community (isolated from soil of coffee plantations in the state of Veracruz, Mexico) and Fenton oxidation method was performed. The microbial community was able to use both tween 80 and fluoranthene as carbon sources for growth, when the biological treatment in batch culture was applied, 100% of fluoranthene was mineralized, this only occurred at an initial concentration of 100 ppm, but by increasing the initial concentration of fluoranthene the removal efficiencies decay and degradation time increases due to the accumulation of byproducts more toxic or less biodegradable, however when the Fenton oxidation was previously applied to the biological treatment, it was observed that removal of fluoranthene improved because it is consumed approximately 2.4 times faster. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoranthene" title="fluoranthene">fluoranthene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title=" polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"> polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fenton%20oxidation" title=" fenton oxidation"> fenton oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57380/fluoranthene-removal-in-wastewater-using-biological-and-physico-chemical-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Estimation of Natural Pozzolan Reserves in the Volcanic Province of the Moroccan Middle Atlas Using a Geographic Information System in Order to Valorize Them</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Balizi">Brahim Balizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Aziz"> Ayoub Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelilah%20Bellil"> Abdelilah Bellil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellali%20El%20Khadiri"> Abdellali El Khadiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Mabrouki"> Jamal Mabrouki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mio-polio-quaternary volcanism of the Tabular Middle Atlas, which corresponds to prospective levels of exploitable usable raw minerals, is a feature of Morocco's Middle Atlas, especially the Azrou-Timahdite region. Given their importance in national policy in terms of human development by supporting the sociological and economic component, this area has consequently been the focus of various research and prospecting of these levels in order to develop these reserves. The outcome of this labor is a massive amount of data that needs to be managed appropriately because it comes from multiple sources and formats, including side points, contour lines, geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, geological and topographical maps, satellite photos, and more. In this regard, putting in place a Geographic Information System (GIS) is essential to be able to offer a side plan that makes it possible to see the most recent topography of the area being exploited, to compute the volume of exploitation that occurs every day, and to make decisions with the fewest possible restrictions in order to use the reserves for the realization of ecological light mortars The three sites' mining will follow the contour lines in five steps that are six meters high and decline. It is anticipated that each quarry produces about 90,000 m3/year. For a single quarry, this translates to a daily production of about 450 m3 (200 days/year). About 3,540,240 m3 and 10,620,720 m3, respectively, represent the possible net exploitable volume in place for a single quarry and the three exploitable zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploitation" title=" exploitation"> exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarrying" title=" quarrying"> quarrying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20mortar" title=" lightweight mortar"> lightweight mortar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190234/estimation-of-natural-pozzolan-reserves-in-the-volcanic-province-of-the-moroccan-middle-atlas-using-a-geographic-information-system-in-order-to-valorize-them" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Hg Anomalies and Soil Temperature Distribution to Delineate Upflow and Outflow Zone in Bittuang Geothermal Prospect Area, south Sulawesi, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhitya%20Mangala">Adhitya Mangala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yobel"> Yobel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bittuang geothermal prospect area located at Tana Toraja district, South Sulawesi. The geothermal system of the area related to Karua Volcano eruption product. This area has surface manifestation such as fumarole, hot springs, sinter silica and mineral alteration. Those prove that there are hydrothermal activities in the subsurface. However, the project and development of the area have not implemented yet. One of the important elements in geothermal exploration is to determine upflow and outflow zone. This information very useful to identify the target for geothermal wells and development which it is a risky task. The methods used in this research were Mercury (Hg) anomalies in soil, soil and manifestation temperature distribution and fault fracture density from 93 km² research area. Hg anomalies performed to determine the distribution of hydrothermal alteration. Soil and manifestation temperature distribution were conducted to estimate heat distribution. Fault fracture density (FFD) useful to determine fracture intensity and trend from surface observation. Those deliver Hg anomaly map, soil and manifestation temperature map that combined overlayed to fault fracture density map and geological map. Then, the conceptual model made from north – south, and east – west cross section to delineate upflow and outflow zone in this area. The result shows that upflow zone located in northern – northeastern of the research area with the increase of elevation and decrease of Hg anomalies and soil temperature. The outflow zone located in southern - southeastern of the research area which characterized by chloride, chloride - bicarbonate geothermal fluid type, higher soil temperature, and Hg anomalies. The range of soil temperature distribution from 16 – 19 °C in upflow and 19 – 26.5 °C in the outflow. The range of Hg from 0 – 200 ppb in upflow and 200 – 520 ppb in the outflow. Structural control of the area show northwest – southeast trend. The boundary between upflow and outflow zone in 1550 – 1650 m elevation. This research delivers the conceptual model with innovative methods that useful to identify a target for geothermal wells, project, and development in Bittuang geothermal prospect area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bittuang%20geothermal%20prospect%20area" title="Bittuang geothermal prospect area">Bittuang geothermal prospect area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hg%20anomalies" title=" Hg anomalies"> Hg anomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20temperature" title=" soil temperature"> soil temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upflow%20and%20outflow%20zone" title=" upflow and outflow zone"> upflow and outflow zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72738/hg-anomalies-and-soil-temperature-distribution-to-delineate-upflow-and-outflow-zone-in-bittuang-geothermal-prospect-area-south-sulawesi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Age Estimation from Upper Anterior Teeth by Pulp/Tooth Ratio Using Peri-Apical X-Rays among Egyptians</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Mohamed%20Magdy%20Badr%20El%20Dine">Fatma Mohamed Magdy Badr El Dine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Mohamed%20Abd%20Allah"> Amr Mohamed Abd Allah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Age estimation of individuals is one of the crucial steps in forensic practice. Different traditional methods rely on the length of the diaphysis of long bones of limbs, epiphyseal-diaphyseal union, fusion of the primary ossification centers as well as dental eruption. However, there is a growing need for the development of precise and reliable methods to estimate age, especially in cases where dismembered corpses, burnt bodies, purified or fragmented parts are recovered. Teeth are the hardest and indestructible structure in the human body. In recent years, assessment of pulp/tooth area ratio, as an indirect quantification of secondary dentine deposition has received a considerable attention. However, scanty work has been done in Egypt in terms of applicability of pulp/tooth ratio for age estimation. Aim of the Work: The present work was designed to assess the Cameriere’s method for age estimation from pulp/tooth ratio of maxillary canines, central and lateral incisors among a sample from Egyptian population. In addition, to formulate regression equations to be used as population-based standards for age determination. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 270 peri-apical X-rays of maxillary canines, central and lateral incisors (collected from 131 males and 139 females aged between 19 and 52 years). The pulp and tooth areas were measured using the Adobe Photoshop software program and the pulp/tooth area ratio was computed. Linear regression equations were determined separately for canines, central and lateral incisors. Results: A significant correlation was recorded between the pulp/tooth area ratio and the chronological age. The linear regression analysis revealed a coefficient of determination (R² = 0.824 for canine, 0.588 for central incisor and 0.737 for lateral incisor teeth). Three regression equations were derived. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the pulp/tooth ratio is a useful technique for estimating age among Egyptians. Additionally, the regression equation derived from canines gave better result than the incisors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20determination" title="age determination">age determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canines" title=" canines"> canines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20incisors" title=" central incisors"> central incisors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20incisors" title=" lateral incisors"> lateral incisors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulp%2Ftooth%20ratio" title=" pulp/tooth ratio"> pulp/tooth ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83832/age-estimation-from-upper-anterior-teeth-by-pulptooth-ratio-using-peri-apical-x-rays-among-egyptians" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Mapping Soils from Terrain Features: The Case of Nech SAR National Park of Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shetie%20Gatew">Shetie Gatew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current soil maps of Ethiopia do not represent accurately the soils of Nech Sar National Park. In the framework of studies on the ecology of the park, we prepared a soil map based on field observations and a digital terrain model derived from SRTM data with a 30-m resolution. The landscape comprises volcanic cones, lava and basalt outflows, undulating plains, horsts, alluvial plains and river deltas. SOTER-like terrain mapping units were identified. First, the DTM was classified into 128 terrain classes defined by slope gradient (4 classes), relief intensity (4 classes), potential drainage density (2 classes), and hypsometry (4 classes). A soil-landscape relation between the terrain mapping units and WRB soil units was established based on 34 soil profile pits. Based on this relation, the terrain mapping units were either merged or split to represent a comprehensive soil and terrain map. The soil map indicates that Leptosols (30 %), Cambisols (26%), Andosols (21%), Fluvisols (12 %), and Vertisols (9%) are the most widespread Reference Soil Groups of the park. In contrast, the harmonized soil map of Africa derived from the FAO soil map of the world indicates that Luvisols (70%), Vertisols (14%) and Fluvisols (16%) would be the most common Reference Soil Groups. However, these latter mapping units are not consistent with the topography, nor did we find such extensive areas occupied by Luvisols during the field survey. This case study shows that with the now freely available SRTM data, it is possible to improve current soil information layers with relatively limited resources, even in a complex terrain like Nech Sar National Park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=andosols" title="andosols">andosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cambisols" title=" cambisols"> cambisols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20elevation%20model" title=" digital elevation model"> digital elevation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leptosols" title=" leptosols"> leptosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-landscaps%20relation" title=" soil-landscaps relation"> soil-landscaps relation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178285/mapping-soils-from-terrain-features-the-case-of-nech-sar-national-park-of-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Porphyry Cu-Mo-(Au) Mineralization at Paraga Area, Nakhchivan District, Azerbaijan: Evidence from Mineral Paragenesis, Hyrothermal Alteration and Geochemical Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kumral">M. Kumral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdelnasser"> A. Abdelnasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Budakoglu"> M. Budakoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karaman"> M. Karaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Yildirim"> D. K. Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Doner"> Z. Doner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bostanci"> A. Bostanci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Paraga area is located at the extreme eastern part of Nakhchivan district at the boundary with Armenia. The field study is situated at Ordubad region placed in 9 km from Paraga village and stays at 2300-2800 m height over sea level. It lies within a region of low-grade metamorphic porphyritic volcanic and plutonic rocks. The detailed field studies revealed that this area composed mainly of metagabbro-diorite intrusive rocks with porphyritic character emplaced into meta-andesitic rocks. This complex is later intruded by unmapped olivine gabbroic rocks. The Cu-Mo-(Au) mineralization at Paraga deposit is vein-type mineralization that is essentially related to quartz veins stockwork which cut the dioritic rocks and concentrated at the eastern and northeastern parts of the area with different directions N80W, N25W, N70E and N45E. Also, this mineralization is associated with two shearing zones directed N75W and N15E. The host porphyritic rocks were affected by intense sulfidation, carbonatization, sericitization and silicification with pervasive hematitic alterations accompanied with mineralized quartz veins and quartz-carbonate veins. Sulfide minerals which are chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and sphalerite occurred in two cases either inside these mineralized quartz veins or disseminated in the highly altered rocks as well as molybdenite and also at the peripheries between the altered host rock and veins. Gold found as inclusion disseminated in arsenopyrite and pyrite as well as in their cracks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porphyry%20Cu-Mo-%28Au%29" title="porphyry Cu-Mo-(Au)">porphyry Cu-Mo-(Au)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paraga%20area" title=" Paraga area"> Paraga area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nakhchivan" title=" Nakhchivan"> Nakhchivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azerbaijan" title=" Azerbaijan"> Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paragenesis" title=" paragenesis"> paragenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyrothermal%20alteration" title=" hyrothermal alteration"> hyrothermal alteration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10698/porphyry-cu-mo-au-mineralization-at-paraga-area-nakhchivan-district-azerbaijan-evidence-from-mineral-paragenesis-hyrothermal-alteration-and-geochemical-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Geochemistry of Cenozoic basaltic rocks from Jiashan County of Nushan Geopark, China: Implications for Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dixon">Dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lieh-Chi%20Su"> Lieh-Chi Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao-Ling%20Yu"> Hsiao-Ling Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren-Yi%20Huang"> Ren-Yi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Tan%20Lee"> Yung-Tan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper analyzed the major, trace elements, rare earth elements of these Cenozoic basalts and combined with Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to discuss the petrogenesis of these basalts and the tectonic setting of the study area. Based on major, trace elements and fractional crystallization model we suggest that the basaltic magma has experienced olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase fractionation during its evolution. Spidergrams and REE patterns reveal that Cenozoic basalts found in the Jiashan County, Anhui Province have geochemical characteristics similar to those of ocean island basalts(OIB) suggesting a derivation related to OIB-like mantle source. The slight positive Nb and Ti anomalies found in basaltic rocks of this study suggest the presence of Ti-bearing minerals in the mantle source and these Ti-bearing minerals had contributed to basaltic magma during partial melting, indicating a metasomatic event might have occurred before the partial melting. Based on 143Nd/144Nd vs. 87Sr/86Sr diagram we suggest that basalts of this study can be produced by MORB and EM-I components mixing and small degree of partial melting may be the major controlling factor during generation of basaltic magma. Some basaltic magma may be derived from partial melting of EM-Ⅰ heated by the upwelling asthenospheric mantle. The basalts fall within the WPB field in the discriminant plot of 2Nb-Zr/4-Y indicate that the volcanic activities in this region may be closely related to deep continental rifting process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemistry" title="geochemistry">geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cenozoic%20basalts" title=" cenozoic basalts"> cenozoic basalts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anhui%20Province" title=" Anhui Province"> Anhui Province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nushan%20Geopark" title=" Nushan Geopark"> Nushan Geopark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20setting" title=" tectonic setting"> tectonic setting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractionation" title=" fractionation"> fractionation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42814/geochemistry-of-cenozoic-basaltic-rocks-from-jiashan-county-of-nushan-geopark-china-implications-for-petrogenesis-and-tectonic-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Investigation of the Jupiter’s Galilean Moons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revaz%20Chigladze">Revaz Chigladze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the research is to investigate the surfaces of Jupiter's Galilean moons, namely which moon has the most uniform surface among them, what is the difference between the front (in the direction of motion) and the back sides of each moon's surface, as well as the temporal variations of the moons. Since 1981, the E. Kharadze National Astrophysical Observatory of Georgia has been conducting polarimetric (P) and photometric (M) observations of Jupiter's Galilean moons with telescopes of different diameters (40 cm and 125 cm) and the polarimeter ASEP-78 in combination with them and the latest generation photometer with a polarimeter and modern light receiver SBIG. As it turns out from the analysis of the observed material, the parameters P and M depend on α-the phase angle of the moon (satellite), L- the orbital latitude of the moon (satellite), λ- the wavelength, and t - the period of observation, i.e., P = P (α, L, λ , t), and similarly M = M (α, L, λ. , t). Based on the analysis of the observed material, the following was studied: Jupiter's Galilean moons: dependence of the magnitude and phase angle of the degree of linear polarization for different wavelengths; Dependence of the degree of polarization and the orbital longitude; dependence between the magnitude of the degree of polarization and the wavelength; time dependence of the degree of polarization and the dependence between photometric and polarimetric characteristics (including establishing correlation). From the analysis of the obtained results, we get: The magnitude of the degree of polarization of Jupiter's Galilean moons near the opposition significantly differs from zero. Europa appears to have the most uniform surface, and Callisto the least uniform. Time variations are most characteristic of Io, which confirms the presence of volcanic activity on its surface. Based on the observed material, it can be seen that the intensity of light reflected from the front hemisphere of the first three moons: Io, Europa, and Ganymede, is less than the intensity of light reflected from the rear hemisphere, and in the case of the Callisto it is the opposite. The paper provides a convincing (natural, real) explanation of this fact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galilean%20moons" title="Galilean moons">Galilean moons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20polarization" title=" degree of polarization"> degree of polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photometry" title=" photometry"> photometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=front%20and%20rear%20hemispheres" title=" front and rear hemispheres"> front and rear hemispheres</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162070/investigation-of-the-jupiters-galilean-moons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Neotectonic Characteristics of the Western Part of Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmi%20Aksoy">Rahmi Aksoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The western part of Konya consists of an area of block faulted basin and ranges. Present day topography is characterized by alternating elongate mountains and depressions trending east-west. A number of depressions occur in the region. One of the large depressions is the E-W trending Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine (KK basin) basin bounded on both sides by normal faults and located on the west of the Konya city. The basin is about 5-12 km wide and 40 km long. Ranges north and south of the basin are composed of undifferentiated low grade metamorphic rocks of Silurian-Cretaceous age and smaller bodies of ophiolites of probable Cretaceous age. The basin fill consists of the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene fluvial, lacustrine, alluvial sediments and volcanic rocks. The younger and undeformed Plio-Quaternary basin fill unconformably overlies the older basin fill and is composed predominantly of conglomerate, mudstone, silt, clay and recent basin floor deposits. The paleostress data on the striated fault planes in the basin indicates NW-SE extension and associated with an NE-SW compression. The eastern end of the KK basin is cut and terraced by the active Konya fault zone. The Konya fault zone is NE trending, east dipping normal fault forming the western boundary of the Konya depression. The Konya depression consists mainly of Plio-Quaternary alluvial complex and recent basin floor sediments. The structural data gathered from the Konya fault zone support normal faulting with a small amount of dextral strike-slip tensional tectonic regime that shaped under the WNW-ESE extensional stress regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20Anatolia" title="central Anatolia">central Anatolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics" title=" fault kinematics"> fault kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C3%B6ren-K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkmuhsine%20basin" title=" Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine basin"> Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konya%20fault%20zone" title=" Konya fault zone"> Konya fault zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neotectonics" title=" neotectonics"> neotectonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44672/neotectonic-characteristics-of-the-western-part-of-konya-central-anatolia-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Incidence of Maxillary Canine Ankylosis: A Single-Centre Analysis of 206 Canines Following Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Suleman">Sidra Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliha%20Suleman"> Maliha Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinesh%20Shah"> Jinesh Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maxillary canines play a crucial role in occlusion and aesthetics. Successful management of impacted canines requires early identification and intervention to prevent complications such as resorption of adjacent teeth and cystic changes. Although removal of the deciduous canine can encourage normal eruption of its successor, this is not always successful. Some patients may require surgical exposure and bonding of a gold chain to mobilise and align the canine, which can take up to 3 years. As this procedure has various risks, patients need to be appropriately consented to. Failure of such treatment commonly occurs due to inadequate anchorage or failure of the gold chain attachment, but in some cases, this is due to ankylosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of ankylosis of unerupted maxillary ectopic canines following surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment at the Maxillofacial and Orthodontic Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital (RSUH), United Kingdom. Methodology: Patients treated from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively studied. Electronic records with post-treatment follow-up at 3-6 months and 12-15 months were extracted and analysed. Patients were excluded based on three criteria, non-compliance with orthodontic treatment post-surgery, presence of canine transposition, and external orthodontic treatment. Sample: Overall, 159 suitable patients were selected from the 171 patients identified. Surgical exposure and gold chain bonding was carried out for a total of 206 maxillary canines, with the pattern of impaction being 159 (77.2 %) palatal, 46 (22.3%) buccal, and 1 (0.49%) in line of the arch. The sample consisted of 57 (35.8%) males and 102 (64.2%) females between the age range of 10 to 32 years, with the mean age being 15 years. The procedures were carried out under general anaesthesia for all but three patients, with two cases being repeats. Closed exposure was carried out for 189 (91.7%) canines. Results: The incidence of ankylosis from this study was 0.97%. In total, two patients had upper left canine ankylosis, which was identified at their 12-15 months orthodontic follow-up. Both patients were males, one having closed exposure at age 15 and the other having open exposure at age 19. Conclusions: Although this data shows that there is a low risk of ankylosis (0.97%), it highlights the difficulty in predicting which patients may be affected, and thus, a thorough pre-treatment assessment and careful observation during treatment is necessary. Future studies involving larger cohorts are warranted to further analyse factors affecting outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankylosis" title="ankylosis">ankylosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic" title=" ectopic"> ectopic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillary%20canines" title=" maxillary canines"> maxillary canines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139035/the-incidence-of-maxillary-canine-ankylosis-a-single-centre-analysis-of-206-canines-following-surgical-exposure-and-orthodontic-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> The Effect of Diapirs on the Geometry and Evolution of the Ait Ourir Basin, High Atlas Mountains of Marrakesh, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadach%20Fatiha">Hadach Fatiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algouti%20Ahmed"> Algouti Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algouti%20Abdellah"> Algouti Abdellah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jdaba%20Naji"> Jdaba Naji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Es-Sarrar%20Othman"> Es-Sarrar Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourabit%20Zahra"> Mourabit Zahra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the structure and evolution of diapirism in the Ait Ourir basin, located in the High Atlas of Marrakesh, using structural and sedimentological fieldwork integrated with field mapping. A tectonic-sedimentological study of the Mesozoic cover of the Ait Ourir basin area revealed that these units were subjected to important saccadic halokinetic activity, reflected by anticline structures associated with regional faults that created several synclinal mini-basins. However, the lack of seismic coverage in the study area makes the proposed interpretation based on extrapolations of information observed on the surface. In this work, we suggest that faults and salt activity led to the formation of different structures within the studied area. The growth of the Triassic evaporites at different stages during the Mesozoic is reflected by progressive and local unconformities, recorded as having different ages. These structures created high diapiric zones with reduced sedimentation, showing abrupt lateral thickness variations in several places where this activity was occurring; this is clearly defined within the Wanina and Jbel Sour’s mini-basins, where the Senonian was observed to rest at an angular unconformity over the entire sedimentary cover encompassing the time period from the Liassic to the Turonian. The diapirism associated with the major faults, especially encountered between the basins, is often accompanied by late Triassic volcanic material. This diapir-fault relationship resulted in shallow and often depocentric zones in a pull-apart system within a distensive context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diapir" title="diapir">diapir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporites" title=" evaporites"> evaporites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title=" faults"> faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pull-apart" title=" pull-apart"> pull-apart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesozoic%20cover" title=" Mesozoic cover"> Mesozoic cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ait%20Ourir" title=" Ait Ourir"> Ait Ourir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20High%20Atlas" title=" western High Atlas"> western High Atlas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174795/the-effect-of-diapirs-on-the-geometry-and-evolution-of-the-ait-ourir-basin-high-atlas-mountains-of-marrakesh-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Analysis of Magnetic Anomaly Data for Identification Structure in Subsurface of Geothermal Manifestation at Candi Umbul Area, Magelang, Central Java Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Kharisa">N. A. Kharisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Wulandari"> I. Wulandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Narendratama"> R. Narendratama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Faisal"> M. I. Faisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kirana"> K. Kirana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Zipora"> R. Zipora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Arfiansah"> I. Arfiansah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Suyanto"> I. Suyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acquisition of geophysical survey with magnetic method has been done in manifestation of geothermalat Candi Umbul, Grabag, Magelang, Central Java Province on 10-12 May 2013. This objective research is interpretation to interpret structural geology that control geothermal system in CandiUmbul area. The research has been finished with area size 1,5 km x 2 km and measurement space of 150 m. And each point of line space survey is 150 m using PPM Geometrics model G-856. Data processing was started with IGRF and diurnal variation correction to get total magnetic field anomaly. Then, advance processing was done until reduction to pole, upward continuation, and residual anomaly. That results become next interpretation in qualitative step. It is known that the biggest object position causes low anomaly located in central of area survey that comes from hot spring manifestation and demagnetization zone that indicates the existence of heat source activity. Then, modeling the anomaly map was used for quantitative interpretation step. The result of modeling is rock layers and geological structure model that can inform about the geothermal system. And further information from quantitative interpretations can be interpreted about lithology susceptibility. And lithology susceptibilities are andesiteas heat source has susceptibility value of (k= 0.00014 emu), basaltic as alteration rock (k= 0.0016 emu), volcanic breccia as reservoir rock (k= 0.0026 emu), andesite porfirtic as cap rock (k= 0.004 emu), lava andesite (k= 0.003 emu), and alluvium (k= 0.0007 emu). The hot spring manifestation is controlled by the normal fault which becomes a weak zone, easily passed by hot water which comes from the geothermal reservoir. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20structure" title="geological structure">geological structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20system" title=" geothermal system"> geothermal system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility" title=" susceptibility"> susceptibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19430/analysis-of-magnetic-anomaly-data-for-identification-structure-in-subsurface-of-geothermal-manifestation-at-candi-umbul-area-magelang-central-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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