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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Phocée</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> cité grecque antique en Ionie </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Phocéen">Phocéen</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Logo_disambig-homophone.svg/20px-Logo_disambig-homophone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Logo_disambig-homophone.svg/30px-Logo_disambig-homophone.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Logo_disambig-homophone.svg/40px-Logo_disambig-homophone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour l’article ayant un titre homophone, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foss%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Fossé">Fossé</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>Phocée</b> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a> : <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Φώκαια</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>Phṓkaia</i></span>, la <i>cité des Phocéens</i>, aujourd’hui en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turc">turc</a> : <i>Foça</i>) est une ancienne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polis">cité grecque</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionie">Ionie</a> sur la côte de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_%C3%89g%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Égée">mer Égée</a>, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golfe_d%27Izmir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golfe d'Izmir">golfe de Smyrne</a> (aujourd'hui <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Izmir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Izmir">Izmir</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">Turquie</a>). Son nom est repris dans celui de l’actuelle ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foça">Foça</a>. Elle est fondée entre le <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et le <abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> par des Grecs venus de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_Centrale_(r%C3%A9gion_traditionnelle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grèce Centrale (région traditionnelle)">Grèce continentale</a>.</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete map" style="background-color:#CCCCAA;color:black;">Phocée<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Foca1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Phocée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Foca1.jpg/280px-Foca1.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Foca1.jpg/420px-Foca1.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Foca1.jpg/560px-Foca1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="616"></a></span> <br> Site de l'ancienne Phocée et village actuel.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#CCCCAA; color:#000000">Localisation</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a></th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Turquie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Turkey.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Turquie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Turquie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">Turquie</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région antique</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionie">Ionie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provinces_de_Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces de Turquie">Province</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(province)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="İzmir (province)">İzmir</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_de_Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts de Turquie">District</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foça">Foça</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a></th> <td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/38.667502/26.758039/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="13" data-lat="38.667502" data-lon="26.758039" data-overlays="["_2c3f2136e1c64b8e3940e58579cc817b625b8807"]">38° 40′ 03″ nord, 26° 45′ 29″ est</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#CCCCAA; color:#000000">Histoire</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fondation</th> <td>entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div> <small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turquie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turquie">Turquie</a></small> </div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;;"> <span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Reliefkarte_T%C3%BCrkei.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : Turquie)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : Turquie)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reliefkarte_T%C3%BCrkei.png/280px-Reliefkarte_T%C3%BCrkei.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reliefkarte_T%25C3%25BCrkei.png/420px-Reliefkarte_T%25C3%25BCrkei.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Reliefkarte_T%25C3%25BCrkei.png/560px-Reliefkarte_T%25C3%25BCrkei.png 2x" data-file-width="4887" data-file-height="2246"></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;line-height:0px;top:54.749971428571%;left:6.9287704081633%;"> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;top:-4px;left:-4px;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Phocée"><img alt="Phocée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span> </div> </div><span class="toponyme" style="display:none"><small>Phocée</small></span> <div style="position:absolute;padding:0;line-height:2ex; top:54.749971428571%;left:6.9287704081633%;right:0px;"> <div style="position:absolute;top:-5px;left:5px;right:0px;"> <div style="position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;text-align:left;"> <span class="toponyme"><small>Phocée</small></span> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="geobox"> <div> <small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_(province)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="İzmir (province)">province d'İzmir</a></small> </div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:none; padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;;"> <span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%C4%B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : province d'İzmir)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : province d'İzmir)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%C4%B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png/280px-%C4%B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%25C4%25B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png/420px-%25C4%25B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%25C4%25B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png/560px-%25C4%25B0zmir_topographic_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="643"></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;line-height:0px;top:46.301749125437%;left:28.820332390382%;"> <div style="position:absolute;border:none;top:-4px;left:-4px;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Phocée"><img alt="Phocée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Archaeological_site_icon.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span> </div> </div><span class="toponyme" style="display:none"><small>Phocée</small></span> <div style="position:absolute;padding:0;line-height:2ex; top:46.301749125437%;left:28.820332390382%;right:0px;"> <div style="position:absolute;top:-5px;left:5px;right:0px;"> <div style="position:absolute;bottom:0px;left:0px;right:0px;text-align:left;"> <span class="toponyme"><small>Phocée</small></span> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #CCCCAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPhoc%25C3%25A9e%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Site_arch%C3%A9ologique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9ographie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Géographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Histoire"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Histoire</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origines"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_ionienne"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">La Confédération ionienne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_tutelle_lydienne"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">La tutelle lydienne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_colonies_phoc%C3%A9ennes"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Les colonies phocéennes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Destruction_de_la_ville"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Destruction de la ville</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Phocée était la plus nordique des villes ioniennes, à la frontière de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89olide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éolide">Éolide</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle était située à proximité de la bouche du fleuve Hermus (maintenant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gediz_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gediz (fleuve)">Gediz</a>), et située sur la côté de la péninsule séparant le Golfe de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cym%C3%A9_(%C3%89olide)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cymé (Éolide)">Cymé</a> du nord, nommé d'après la plus grande des villes de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89olide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éolide">Éolide</a> et le Golfe de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Izmir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Izmir">Smyrne</a> (maintenant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Izmir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Izmir">Izmir</a>) vers le sud.</p> <p>Phocée a deux ports naturels à proche proximité de l'habitat, les deux ports contenant un petit nombre d'îles. Les ports de Phocée permettaient à la ville de développer une économie marine prospère, et de devenir un grand port naval, qui a influencé sa culture.<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le November 2009) ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Des découvertes archéologiques récentes ont montré que la ville de Phocaea était grande pour la période antique. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodote">Hérodote</a> donne une idée de la taille de Phocaea en décrivant les murs de Phocaea comme ayant une longueur de plusieurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stade_(unit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stade (unité)">stades (l'unité de mesure)</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Une tombe perse du quatrième siècle avant le Christ, connue sous l'appellation <i>Tas Kule (rock tower)</i>, est située (<a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/13/38.66028/26.81722/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="13" data-lat="38.66028" data-lon="26.81722" data-overlays="["_887d9cb14b523a74cb07fdd4a9ce37b7b20d0c4f"]">38° 39′ 37″ N, 26° 49′ 02″ E</a>) à 7 kilomètres à l'Est de Phocaea sur une route principale. Ce monument funéraire a été creusé dans une roche solide avec un étage bas rectangulaire haut de 2,7 mètres 9 × 6 mètres) surmontée par un second étage haut de 1,9 mètre (3 × 3 mètres). Quatre marches entre les deux niveaux suggèrent une influence perse forte et la plupart des archéologues croit que cette tombe a été construite pour un aristocrate perse ou un leader local servant les Perses<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le style peut se comparer à celui du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mausol%C3%A9e_de_Cyrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mausolée de Cyrus">mausolée de Cyrus</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origines">Origines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Origines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les textes anciens donnent peu d'indications sur l'origine, les institutions et les cultes de la cité. Sa population aurait été composée d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ath%C3%A8nes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Athènes">Athéniens</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phocide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phocide">Phocidiens</a> (habitants de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phocide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phocide">Phocide</a>, territoire sacré de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grèce antique">Grèce antique</a>). D'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodote">Hérodote</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, pour qui elle passe pour avoir créé les premiers longs vaisseaux à cinquante rames, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pent%C3%A9cont%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentécontère">pentécontères</a>, elle est implantée dans la région qui jouit du meilleur climat du monde, adossée à des collines au bord d'une vaste baie bien protégée.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_Confédération_ionienne"><span id="La_Conf.C3.A9d.C3.A9ration_ionienne"></span>La Confédération ionienne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La Confédération ionienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg/300px-Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="1612"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg/300px-Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg/450px-Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg/600px-Ancient_theatre_Fo%C3%A7a525.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vestiges du théâtre de Phocée. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Phocée est l'une des cités de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_ionienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération ionienne">Confédération ionienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_ionienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération ionienne">dodécapole</a> grecque d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolie">Anatolie</a> occidentale, avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chios">Chios</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clazom%C3%A8nes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clazomènes">Clazomènes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colophon_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colophon (ville)">Colophon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89rythr%C3%A9es_(Ionie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Érythrées (Ionie)">Érythrées</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9b%C3%A9dos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lébédos">Lébédos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milet">Milet</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Myonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Myonte">Myonte</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pri%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priène">Priène</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A1mos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sámos">Samos</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A9os_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Téos (ville)">Téos</a>. Mais ces cités n'ont que des liens très lâches avec leurs voisines, même quand elles sont regroupées en une ligue. Cela les place en position de faiblesse lorsqu'il leur faudra faire face à des puissances adverses à partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> : les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lydie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lydie">Lydiens</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimm%C3%A9riens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimmériens">Cimmériens</a> et surtout les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persans">Perses</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyrus_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyrus le Grand">Cyrus le Grand</a> à partir de 546 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_tutelle_lydienne">La tutelle lydienne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La tutelle lydienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les cités grecques d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionie">Ionie</a> entretiennent des relations commerciales suivies avec leur principal voisin, le riche et prospère royaume de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lydie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lydie">Lydie</a>. Au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, alors que des envahisseurs venus du nord, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimm%C3%A9riens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimmériens">Cimmériens</a>, ravagent la Lydie et le territoire des cités grecques, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gyg%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gygès">Gygès</a>, le roi de Lydie, mit en œuvre une politique d'alliance et de conquête, et Lydiens et Grecs s'unirent pour lutter contre leur ennemi commun. Gygès trouve la mort au cours d'une bataille ; mais une fois la paix revenue, ses successeurs rétablissent leur royaume et placent les cités grecques sous leur tutelle. Celles-ci continuent à se gouverner en autonomie, mais elles doivent payer un tribut et fournir un contingent militaire en cas de besoin. D'autre part, les Lydiens sont à cette époque influencés par la culture grecque.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_colonies_phocéennes"><span id="Les_colonies_phoc.C3.A9ennes"></span>Les colonies phocéennes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les colonies phocéennes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les cités ioniennes sont prospères, et leur richesse augmente encore avec le développement des relations avec les colonies qu'elles ont fondées autour de la Méditerranée. Ainsi, au <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, Phocée devint la « métropole » (cité-mère) de la colonisation grecque en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a> occidentale. Les Phocéens fondent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Massalia</a> (actuelle Marseille, d'où son appellation de « cité phocéenne ») en 600 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, près de l'embouchure du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, puis ces Massaliotes fondent les cités d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avenio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avenio">Avenio</a> (actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avignon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>), Agathè Tychè (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agde">Agde</a>), Antipolis (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antibes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>), Nikaïa (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nice">Nice</a>), Monoïkos (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aléria">Alalia</a> (actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aléria">Aléria</a>), un comptoir sur la côte orientale de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corse">Corse</a>, face à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89trurie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étrurie">Étrurie</a> vers 545 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élée">Élée</a>, ainsi que de puissantes colonies en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagne">Espagne</a>, comme Emporion (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empúries">Empúries</a>), en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalogne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalogne">Catalogne</a>. Le mot <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">ἐμπόριον</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>empórion</i></span> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a> désignait une place de commerce maritime.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Destruction_de_la_ville">Destruction de la ville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Destruction de la ville" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En 546 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, Phocée est prise par les Perses de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyrus_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyrus le Grand">Cyrus le Grand</a>. Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodote">Hérodote</a>, une partie des riches familles de la métropole décide de quitter la ville et de venir se réfugier dans leurs colonies, contribuant ainsi à leur développement. Néanmoins le site de Phocée n'est pas complètement abandonné, comme en témoigne le théâtre construit au <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></p> <p>Le temple d'Athéna archaïque s'effondre à la suite d'un tremblement de terre au <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr> ; mais il est reconstruit en marbre par les Romains.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Strabo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup%3DStrab.%2B13.1.1">13.1.2</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Herodotus, 1.163 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tucker2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jack_Tucker2012">Jack <span class="nom_auteur">Tucker</span>, <cite class="italique">Innocents Return Abroad: Exploring Ancient Sites in Western Turkey</cite>, Jack Tucker, <time>2012</time>, 41–42 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1478343585?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1478343585"><span class="nowrap">978-1478343585</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Innocents+Return+Abroad%3A+Exploring+Ancient+Sites+in+Western+Turkey&rft.pub=Jack+Tucker&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=41%E2%80%9342&rft.isbn=978-1478343585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APhoc%C3%A9e"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodote">Hérodote</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoires">Histoires</a></i> <small>[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Histoires_(H%C3%A9rodote)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence:Histoires (Hérodote)">détail des éditions</a>]</small> <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/herodote/index.htm">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, I, 163-164.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phocaea?uselang%3Dfr">Phocée</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Phoc%25C3%25A9e" class="extiw" title="wikt:Phocée">Phocée</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Haris Yiakoumis, <i>Phocée, 1913-1920, Le témoignage de Félix Sartiaux</i>, Éditions Kallimages, 2008 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2915936063?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2915936063"><span class="nowrap">978-2915936063</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Félix Sartiaux, <i>Note sur l'exploration de l'ancienne Phocée</i>, Communication lue à l'Académie des inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1914.</li> <li>Félix Sartiaux, <i>Le sac de Phocée et l'expulsion des Grecs ottomans d'Asie Mineure en juin 1914</i>, Imprimerie de P. Renouard, 1914</li> <li><i>Foça Kazıları ve Kyme sondajlar</i>ı, Ekrem Akurgal, Anatolia I, 1956, 33-40.</li> <li><i>Foça, Phokaia</i>, Suzan Özyiğit, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/975-96574-0-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/975-96574-0-6"><span class="nowrap">975-96574-0-6</span></a>)</small>, Izmir, 1998.</li> <li><i>Les cultes des cités phocéennes</i>, Études Massaliètes, numéro 6, Centre Camille Jullian, 2001.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille antique">Marseille antique</a></li> <li>L'astéroïde <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/(25)_Phoc%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="(25) Phocée">(25) Phocée</a> nommé en son honneur</li> </ul> <dl> <dt> Colonies de Phocée </dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Massalia (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>)</li> <li>Avenio (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avignon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>)</li> <li>Agathe Tychè (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agde">Agde</a>)</li> <li>Aegitna (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cannes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>)</li> <li>Antipolis (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antibes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>)</li> <li>Nikaïa (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nice">Nice</a>).</li> <li>Monoïkos (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alalia_(Al%C3%A9ria)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alalia (Aléria)">Alalia</a> (actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aléria">Aléria</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élée">Élée</a></li> <li>Emporion (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empúries">Empúries/Ampurias</a>)</li> <li>Taurœïs (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Brusc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Brusc">Le Brusc</a>)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428732?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viaf.org/viaf/152582722">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91101208">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n91-101208">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la géographie<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428732?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/21202"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428732?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0232582.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%25C3%25A5ng/fokaia"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://snl.no/Fokaia"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/phocee/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Gr%C3%A8ce_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Grèce antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Discobolus_icon.png/16px-Discobolus_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Arch%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’archéologie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portal_Archeology_icon.svg/24px-Portal_Archeology_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portal_Archeology_icon.svg/24px-Portal_Archeology_icon.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portal_Archeology_icon.svg/36px-Portal_Archeology_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portal_Archeology_icon.svg/48px-Portal_Archeology_icon.svg.png 2x" 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class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Phoc%C3%A9e&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Historien chipoteur" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1739021752"> <span>Dernière modification le 8 février 2025, à 14:35</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokeya" title="Fokeya – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fokeya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F" title="Фокея – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фокея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focea" title="Focea – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Focea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25B3kaia" title="Fókaia – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fókaia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokaia" title="Phokaia – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phokaia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A6%25CF%258E%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1" title="Φώκαια – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φώκαια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocaea" title="Phocaea – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phocaea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foceo" title="Foceo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Foceo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focea" title="Focea – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Focea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fozea" title="Fozea – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fozea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="فوکایا – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوکایا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaia" title="Fokaia – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fokaia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaia" title="Fokaia – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fokaia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focea" title="Focea – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Focea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%259D%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25A2" title="ポカイア – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポカイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258F%25AC%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%2595%2584" title="포카이아 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포카이아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocaea" title="Phocaea – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phocaea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocaea_(antieke_stad)" title="Phocaea (antieke stad) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Phocaea (antieke stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaia" title="Fokaia – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fokaia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foc%25C3%25A8a" title="Focèa – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Focèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaja" title="Fokaja – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fokaja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foceia" title="Foceia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Foceia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F_(%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4)" title="Фокея (город) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фокея (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokeja" title="Fokeja – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fokeja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25B3kaia" title="Fókaia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fókaia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaja" title="Fokaja – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fokaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaia" title="Fokaia – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fokaia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokaia" title="Fokaia – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fokaia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D1%258F" title="Фокея – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фокея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A6%258F%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259A" title="福西亚 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="福西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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