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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1812 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:1812_United_States_presidential_election" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For related races, see <a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_elections" title="1812 United States elections">1812 United States elections</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from October 30 to December 2, 1812. In the shadow of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (United States)">Democratic-Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New York">lieutenant governor of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a>, who drew support from dissident Democratic-Republicans in the North as well as <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a>. It was the first presidential election to be held during a major war involving the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-sabato1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabato1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As no significant British incursions into American territory had occurred by that time, and Britain's war strategy was largely defensive, the election proceeded without disruption.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1812 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></span></span></span><hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>October 30 – December 2, 1812</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr>217 members of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a><br>109 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">40.4%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 3.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #008000;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Madison_(cropped_3x4_close).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg/150px-James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg/225px-James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg/300px-James_Madison_%28cropped_3x4_close%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="2193"></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #EA9978"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg/150px-Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg/225px-Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg/300px-Rembrandt_Peale%27s_portrait_of_DeWitt_Clinton_1812_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1339"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>128</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">89 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>11</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>140,431</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">132,781 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>50.3%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">47.6% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td 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election in Georgia" title="1812 United States presidential election in Georgia"><area href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" shape="poly" coords="44,147,37,147,34,147,27,147,26,152,27,155,28,156,28,158,30,160,30,162,30,162,30,163,30,165,29,166,29,166,30,167,29,168,29,170,28,171,28,173,31,172,34,172,36,174,39,174,43,174,43,174,41,173,40,173,41,172,43,172,44,173,44,174,46,174,47,175,46,176,48,177,49,177,51,177,51,176,52,176,52,176,53,176,53,177,52,177,54,177,55,176,54,176,54,175,55,174,56,174,56,175,58,175,59,176,61,176,62,175,60,175,60,174,58,174,57,174,57,172,58,171,59,171,59,170,58,170,58,169,58,169,57,170,55,170,57,169,57,167,55,165,55,162,53,162,48,162,43,163,43,159,45,155,46,154,46,153,46,152,46,151,45,149,45,149" alt="1812 United States presidential election in Louisiana" title="1812 United States presidential election in Louisiana"></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:green;">Green</span> denotes states won by Madison and <span style="color:#EA9978;">Salmon</span> denotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Northern Democratic-Republicans had long been dissatisfied by the Southern dominance of their party, and DeWitt Clinton's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a>, had unsuccessfully challenged Madison for the party's 1808 presidential nomination. While the May 1812 Democratic-Republican <a href="/wiki/Congressional_nominating_caucus" title="Congressional nominating caucus">congressional nominating caucus</a> re-nominated Madison, the party's New York caucus, also held in May, nominated Clinton for president. After the United States declared war on the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in June 1812, Clinton sought to create a coalition of anti-war Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.<sup id="cite_ref-Morison_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Clinton in the race, the Federalist Party declined to formally put forth a nominee, hoping its members would vote for Clinton, but they did not formally endorse him, fearing that an explicit endorsement of Clinton would hurt the party's fortunes in other races. Federalist <a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> became Clinton's de facto running mate. A dissident faction of the Federalist Party attempted to nominate former vice presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> over Clinton, but only succeeded in doing so in Virginia. </p><p>Despite Clinton's success at attracting Federalist support, Madison was re-elected with 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent's 47.6%, making the 1812 election the closest election up to that point in the popular vote (there was no popular vote in half the states). Clinton won the Federalist bastion of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> as well as three <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic states">Mid-Atlantic states</a>, but Madison dominated the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> and took Pennsylvania. This was the narrowest popular vote margin for a victorious re-elected president until <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Nominations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Nominations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Democratic-Republican_Party_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Democratic-Republican Party nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Federalist_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Federalist nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Straight-Federalist_nomination"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Straight-Federalist nomination</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#General_election"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">General election</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Campaign"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Results"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Maps"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Maps</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Popular_vote_by_state"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Popular vote by state</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic-Republican_to_Federalist"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">States that flipped from Democratic-Republican to Federalist</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#States_where_the_margin_of_victory_was_under_5%"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">States where the margin of victory was under 5%</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Electoral_college_selection"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral college selection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Residual military conflict resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> in Europe had been steadily worsening throughout James Madison's first term, with the British Empire and the French Empire both ignoring the neutrality rights of the United States at sea by seizing American ships and looking for supposed British deserters in a practice known as <a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">impressment</a>. The British provided additional provocations by impressing American seamen, maintaining forts within United States territory in the Northwest, and supporting <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> at war with the United States in both the Northwest and Southwest. </p><p>Meanwhile, expansionists in the south and west of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> coveted British Canada and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a> and wanted to use British provocations as a pretext to seize both areas. The pressure steadily built, with the result that the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> declared war on the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> on June 12, 1812. This occurred after Madison had been nominated by the Democratic-Republicans, but before the Federalists had made their nomination. He won the nomination with 128 votes. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Nominations">Nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nominations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic-Republican_Party_nomination">Democratic-Republican Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Democratic-Republican Party nomination" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party"><noscript><img alt="Democratic-Republican Party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/65px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 65px;height: 65px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/65px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png" data-alt="Democratic-Republican Party" data-width="65" data-height="65" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/98px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tricolour_Cockade.svg/130px-Tricolour_Cockade.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Democratic-Republican Party</figcaption></figure><big><b>1812 Democratic-Republican Party Ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000014-QINU`"'</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">James Madison</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Elbridge Gerry</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/164px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="901"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 164px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/164px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" data-width="164" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/246px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/328px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg/169px-Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1183"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 169px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg/169px-Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg" data-width="169" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg/254px-Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg/339px-Elbridge-gerry-painting.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">4th</a><br><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br><small>(1809–1817)</small> </td> <td>9th<br><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a><br><small>(1810–1812)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Democratic-Republican candidates: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="President James Madison"><noscript><img alt="President James Madison" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/196px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" decoding="async" width="131" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="901"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 131px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/196px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg" data-alt="President James Madison" data-width="131" data-height="160" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/295px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg/393px-James_Madison_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1804.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a><br><b><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></b></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York"><noscript><img alt="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/191px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1924"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 128px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/191px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" data-alt="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York" data-width="128" data-height="160" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/287px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/382px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lt. Governor</a><br><b><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></b><br>of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_(full_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vice President George Clinton (Died April 20)"><noscript><img alt="Vice President George Clinton (Died April 20)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg/184px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="2400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 123px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg/184px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg" data-alt="Vice President George Clinton (Died April 20)" data-width="123" data-height="160" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg/276px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg/368px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames_%28full_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a><br><b><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></b><br><small><i>(Died April 20)</i></small></div></div> </li> </ul> <p>Many Democratic-Republicans in the northern states were unhappy over the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">perceived dominance of the presidency by the state of Virginia</a> (three of the last four presidents had been Virginians), and they wished instead to nominate one of their own rather than re-nominate President Madison. Initially, these hopes were pinned upon Vice President George Clinton, but his poor health and advanced age of 72 eliminated his chances. Even before Clinton's death on April 20, 1812, his nephew New York Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> was considered the preferred candidate to move against Madison by the northern Democratic-Republicans. </p><p>Hoping to forestall a serious movement against President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> and a division of the Democratic-Republican Party, some proposed making DeWitt Clinton the nominee for the vice presidency, taking over the same office his uncle now held. DeWitt Clinton was not opposed to the offer, but preferred to wait until after the conclusion of the New York caucus, which would not be held until after the congressional caucus had met, to finalize his decision. Early caucuses were held in the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania, both of which pledged their support to Madison. </p><p>Eighty-three of the one hundred thirty-eight of the Democratic-Republican members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> attended the nominating caucus in May 1812. The delegations from New York and New England had less representation due to the New York members supporting <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>'s attempt to gain the support of the Federalists and the New England members opposing Madison's foreign policy. Eighty-two of the delegates voted to give the presidential nomination to Madison while <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a> won the vice-presidential nomination against <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> by a vote of sixty-four to sixteen. However, Langdon declined the nomination citing his age and it was instead given to Gerry after another vote was held with seventy-four delegates voting for him.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the New York caucus did meet on May 29, it was dominated by anti-war Democratic-Republicans, and nominated DeWitt Clinton for the presidency almost unanimously.<sup id="cite_ref-Morison_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morison-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton's now open candidacy was opposed by many who, while not friends of James Madison, feared that Clinton was now apt to tear the Democratic-Republican party asunder. The matter of how to conduct his campaign also became a major problem for Clinton, especially with regards to the war with the British after June 12. Many of Clinton's supporters were war-hawks who advocated extreme measures to force the British into negotiations favorable to the United States, while Clinton knew he would have to appeal to Federalists to win, and they were almost wholly opposed to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlesinger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <caption>First Caucus Balloting </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Presidential Ballot </th> <th> </th> <th>Vice Presidential Ballot </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> </th> <th>81 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a> </th> <th>64 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Abstaining </th> <th>1 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> </th> <th>16 </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>Scattering </th> <th>2 </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <caption>Second Caucus Balloting </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Vice Presidential Ballot </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> </th> <th>74 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Scattering </th> <th>3 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federalist_nomination">Federalist nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federalist nomination" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party"><noscript><img alt="Federalist Party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/65px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 65px;height: 65px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/65px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png" data-alt="Federalist Party" data-width="65" data-height="65" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/98px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/130px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Federalist Party</figcaption></figure><big><b>1812 Federalist Party Ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">DeWitt Clinton</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Jared Ingersoll</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/159px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1924"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 159px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/159px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" data-width="159" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/239px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/318px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jared_Ingersoll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jared_Ingersoll.jpg/161px-Jared_Ingersoll.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="373"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 161px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jared_Ingersoll.jpg/161px-Jared_Ingersoll.jpg" data-width="161" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Jared_Ingersoll.jpg/241px-Jared_Ingersoll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Jared_Ingersoll.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th <br><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant Governor of New York</a><br><small>(1811–1813)</small><br>47th, 49th and 51st <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a><br><small>(1803–1807, 1808–1810, & 1811–1815)</small> </td> <td>5th & 11th<br><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_Attorneys_General" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pennsylvania Attorneys General">Attorney General of Pennsylvania</a><br><small>(1791–1800 & 1811–1816)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Federalist candidates: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York"><noscript><img alt="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/191px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1924"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 128px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/191px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg" data-alt="Mayor and Lt. Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York" data-width="128" data-height="160" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/287px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg/382px-DeWitt_Clinton_by_Rembrandt_Peale.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lt. Governor</a><br><b><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></b><br>of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman,_1832.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall (Declined to Contest)"><noscript><img alt="Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall (Declined to Contest)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg/194px-John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="1312"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg/194px-John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg" data-alt="Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall (Declined to Contest)" data-width="130" data-height="160" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg/290px-John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg/387px-John_Marshall_by_Henry_Inman%2C_1832.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a><br><b><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></b><br> <i>(Declined to Contest)</i></div></div> </li> </ul> <p>Before Clinton entered the race as an alternative to President Madison, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> was a favorite for the Federalist presidential nomination, a relatively popular figure who could carry much of the Northeast while potentially taking Virginia and North Carolina as well. But with Clinton in the race, the Federalists would no longer be able to count on the electoral votes of New York, possibly throwing the election into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, dominated by Democratic-Republicans, where Madison would almost certainly be elected. </p><p>In the face of these facts, the Federalist party considered endorsing Clinton's candidacy for a time, but at their caucus in September it was decided that the party simply would not field a presidential candidate that year and did not endorse Clinton. Though there was much support among the Federalists for Clinton, it was felt that openly endorsing him as the party's choice for president would damage his chances in states where the Federalists remained unpopular and drive away Democratic-Republicans who would normally be supportive of his candidacy. A Federalist caucus in Pennsylvania chose to nominate <a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a>, the Attorney General of the state, as Clinton's vice presidential running-mate, a move Clinton decided to support considering the importance of Pennsylvania's electors.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlesinger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Straight-Federalist_nomination">Straight-Federalist nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Straight-Federalist nomination" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party"><noscript><img alt="Federalist Party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/65px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 65px;height: 65px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/65px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png" data-alt="Federalist Party" data-width="65" data-height="65" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/98px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Federalist_Cockade.svg/130px-Federalist_Cockade.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Federalist Party</figcaption></figure><big><b>1812 Straight-Federalist Party Ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Rufus King</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#FF7F50; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">William R. Davie</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#FFDAB9; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_(1819-1820)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/166px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3306" data-file-height="3971"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 166px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/166px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="166" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/333px-Gilbert_Stuart_-_Portrait_of_Rufus_King_%281819-1820%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_(full_portrait)_(frame_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg/161px-William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="1152"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 161px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg/161px-William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="161" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg/241px-William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg/321px-William_Richardson_Davie_-_Charles_Willson_Peale_%28full_portrait%29_%28frame_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister<br>to Great Britain</a><br><small>(1796–1803)</small> </td> <td>10th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor<br>of North Carolina</a><br><small>(1798–1799)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>While many Federalists were supportive of DeWitt Clinton's candidacy, others were not so keen, skeptical of Clinton's positions regarding the war and other matters. <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a>, a former diplomat and Representative, had led an effort at the September Caucus to nominate a Federalist ticket for the election that year, though he was ultimately unsuccessful. Still, some wished to enter King's name into the race under the Federalist label, and while very little came of it, it caused problems for the Clinton campaign in two states. </p><p>In the case of Virginia, Clinton was rejected entirely by the state Federalist Party, which instead chose to nominate Rufus King for president and <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">William Richardson Davie</a> for vice president. The ticket would acquire about 27% of the vote in the state. In New York, with the Federalists having gained control of the state legislature that summer, it was planned that the Federalists would nominate a slate pledged to Rufus King now that they had the majority. However, a coalition of Democratic-Republicans and Federalists would defeat the motion and succeed in nominating a slate pledged to Clinton.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlesinger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campaign" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">war</a> heavily overshadowed the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-sabato1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabato1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinton continued his regional campaigning, adopting an anti-war stance in the Northeast (which was most harmed by the war), and a pro-war stance in the South and West. The election ultimately hinged on <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and while Clinton took his home state, he failed to take Pennsylvania and thus lost the election.<sup id="cite_ref-sabato1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabato1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Clinton lost, the election was the best showing for the Federalists since that of Adams, as the party made gains in Congress and kept the presidential election reasonably close. Clintonite Democratic-Republicans in many states refused to work with their Federalist counterparts (notably in Pennsylvania) and Clinton was generally regarded by most as the Federalist candidate, though he was not formally nominated by them.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlesinger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Madison was the first of just four presidents in United States history to win re-election with a lower percentage of the electoral vote than in their prior elections, as Madison won 69.3% of the electoral vote in 1808, but only won 58.7% of the electoral vote in 1812. The other three were <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> in <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a> and <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>. Additionally, Madison was the first of only five presidents to win re-election with a smaller percentage of the popular vote than in prior elections, although in 1812, only 6 of the 18 states chose electors by popular vote. The other four are <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> in <a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>, Franklin Roosevelt in 1940 and 1944, and Barack Obama in 2012. </p><p>This was the closest re-election for an incumbent president until the 2004 election. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 360px;height: 185px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg.png" data-width="360" data-height="185" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg/540px-United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg/720px-United_States_Electoral_College_1812.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote<sup>(a), (b)</sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br>vote<sup>(c)</sup> </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote<sup>(c)</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> (incumbent)</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">140,431 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.3% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">132,781 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">47.6% </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">89 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,583 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.1% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Davie" title="William Richardson Davie">William R. Davie</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged electors</a></b> </td> <td>None </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="text-align:right;">661 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> N/A</b> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>279,456 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>217 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>217 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>109 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>109 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> <i>United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results</i> by Michael J. Dubin<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> <b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> <b>Source (Electoral Vote):</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1812#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1812%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p><sup>(a)</sup> <i>Only 9 of the 18 states chose electors by popular vote.</i><br> <sup>(b)</sup> <i>Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.</i><br> <sup>(c)</sup> <i>One elector from Ohio did not vote.</i> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Madison</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#008000; width:50.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">50.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Clinton</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:47.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">47.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">King</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:2.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unpledged electors</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote—President</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Madison</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#008000; width:59%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">59%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Clinton</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">41%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote—Vice President</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Gerry</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#008000; width:60.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">60.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Ingersoll</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:39.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">39.6%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Maps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 273.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral College map"><noscript><img alt="Electoral College map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png/410px-ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="635"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 274px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png/410px-ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png" data-alt="Electoral College map" data-width="274" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png/615px-ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png/820px-ElectoralCollege1812-Large.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Electoral College map</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate"><noscript><img alt="Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/452px-1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 302px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/452px-1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png" data-alt="Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate" data-width="302" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/678px-1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/904px-1812_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 303.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 301.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate. Electoral boundaries for Maryland and most of Tennessee could not be found"><noscript><img alt="Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate. Electoral boundaries for Maryland and most of Tennessee could not be found" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg/452px-1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 302px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg/452px-1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg.png" data-alt="Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate. Electoral boundaries for Maryland and most of Tennessee could not be found" data-width="302" data-height="200" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg/678px-1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg/904px-1812_Presidential_Election_Results_By_Electoral_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given candidate. Electoral boundaries for Maryland and most of Tennessee could not be found</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Popular_vote_by_state">Popular vote by state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular vote by state" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Elections in this period were vastly different from modern day presidential elections. The actual presidential candidates were rarely mentioned on tickets and voters were voting for particular electors who were pledged to a particular candidate. There was sometimes confusion as to who the particular elector was actually pledged to. Results are reported as the highest result for an elector for any given candidate. For example, if three Madison electors received 100, 50, and 25 votes, Madison would be recorded as having 100 votes. Confusion surrounding the way results are reported may lead to discrepancies between the sum of all state results and national results. </p><p>Returns below are from A New Nation Votes. The vote totals of Kentucky appear to be incomplete, and those of Tennessee appear to be lost.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>State <i>(Electoral votes<br> for Madison & Clinton)</i> </th> <th colspan="2">James Madison <p>Democratic-Republican </p> </th> <th colspan="2">DeWitt Clinton <p>Democratic-Republican </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Rufus King <p>Federalist </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Other </th> <th colspan="2">Margin for Madison </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1812 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></b> <i>(12-0)</i> </td> <td><b>8,501+</b> </td> <td><b>92.17%</b> </td> <td>433+ </td> <td>4.69% </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>289 </td> <td>3.13% </td> <td>7,779 </td> <td>84.35% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1812 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></b> <i>(6-5)</i> </td> <td><b>13,970+</b> </td> <td><b>51.62%</b> </td> <td>13,091+ </td> <td>48.37% </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>875 </td> <td>3.24% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1812 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></b> <i>(0-22)</i> </td> <td>27,314 </td> <td>35.03% </td> <td><b>50,639</b> </td> <td><b>64.95%</b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>13+ </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>-23,338 </td> <td>-29.94% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1812 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></b> <i>(0-8)</i> </td> <td>15,907 </td> <td>43.89% </td> <td><b>20,286</b> </td> <td><b>55.97%</b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>49 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>-4,428 </td> <td>-12.22% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1812 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></b> <i>(7-0)</i> </td> <td><b>7,420</b> </td> <td><b>69.2%</b> </td> <td>3,301 </td> <td>30.8% </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>4,119 </td> <td>38.4% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1812 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></b> <i>(25-0)</i> </td> <td colspan="4" align="center"><i><b>best performing elector was run on both the Madison and Clinton tickets</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-pa_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>3 </td> <td><0.01% </td> <td>79,125 </td> <td>>99.99% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6D6C9"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1812 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></b> <i>(0-4)</i> </td> <td>2,084 </td> <td>34.07% </td> <td><b>4,032</b> </td> <td><b>65.93%</b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>-1,948 </td> <td>-31.86% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1812 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></b> <i>(8-0)</i> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><i>No data</i> </td> <td>100% </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><i>No data</i> </td> <td>100% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#AACC99"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1812 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></b> <i>(25-0)</i> </td> <td><b>15,128</b> </td> <td><b>71.99%</b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>5,583 </td> <td>26.57% </td> <td>303 </td> <td>1.44% </td> <td>9,241 </td> <td>43.98% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic-Republican_to_Federalist">States that flipped from Democratic-Republican to Federalist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic-Republican to Federalist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_where_the_margin_of_victory_was_under_5%"><span id="States_where_the_margin_of_victory_was_under_5.25"></span>States where the margin of victory was under 5%</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: States where the margin of victory was under 5%" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ol><li><b><span style="color:#008000;">Maryland, 3.24% (875 votes)</span></b></li></ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Electoral_college_selection">Electoral college selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral college selection" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Method of choosing electors </th> <th>State(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Each elector appointed by state legislature </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Each elector chosen by voters statewide </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>State is divided into three electoral districts, with four electors chosen per district by the voters of each district </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>State is divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li>Two electors chosen by voters statewide</li> <li>One elector chosen per congressional district by the voters of that district</li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In New Jersey, Federalists had just taken over the state legislature and decided to change the method of choosing electors from a general election to appointment by state legislature. Some towns, possibly too far away to get the news, or in open defiance of the switch, held elections anyway. These were not counted nor reported by the newspapers. In the unofficial elections, Madison received 1,672 votes while Clinton only received 2, suggesting these were protest votes (New Jersey was far more competitive than this at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931849)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1789–1849)">History of the United States (1789–1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812%E2%80%9313_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections">1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812%E2%80%9313_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1812–13 United States Senate elections">1812–13 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_James_Madison" title="Second inauguration of James Madison">Second inauguration of James Madison</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">John Langdon</a> had originally been nominated as Madison's running mate; however, Langdon declined the nomination and Gerry was chosen instead.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While commonly labeled as the Federalist candidate, Clinton technically ran as a Democratic-Republican and was <b>not</b> nominated by the Federalist party itself, the latter simply deciding not to field a candidate. This did not prevent endorsements from state Federalist parties (such as in Pennsylvania), but he received the endorsement from the New York state Democratic-Republicans as well.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pa-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pa_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The best performing elector in Pennsylvania, <a href="/wiki/David_Mead_(military_general)" title="David Mead (military general)">David Meade</a>, was run on both the Madison and Clinton tickets. He received 79,128 votes, more than any other elector in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As to not represent Pennsylvania voters twice in popular vote figures, the votes have been split proportionally to the rest of the slates (62.64%-37.36%)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. <i>United States Election Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sabato1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sabato1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabato1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabato1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabatoErnst2009" class="citation book cs1">Sabato, Larry; Ernst, Howard (January 1, 2009). <i>Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections</i>. Infobase Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">303–</span>304.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Political+Parties+and+Elections&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.aulast=Sabato&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Ernst%2C+Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsman1969" class="citation book cs1">Horsman, Reginald (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xMR2AAAAMAAJ"><i>The War of 1812</i></a>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780413271402" title="Special:BookSources/9780413271402"><bdi>9780413271402</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+1812&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780413271402&rft.aulast=Horsman&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxMR2AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morison-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morison_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morison_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Morison, Samuel Eliot</a> (1965). <i>The Oxford History of the American People</i>. New York: Oxford. p. 383.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+American+People&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>National Party Conventions, 1831-1976</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Party+Conventions%2C+1831-1976&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schlesinger-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schlesinger_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=07E7qAAACAAJ&q=History+of+American+Presidential+Elections,+1789-2001+Volume+1"><i>History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2001</i></a>. Vol. 1, <span class="nowrap">1789–</span>1824. Chelsea House Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791057131" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791057131"><bdi>978-0791057131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+American+Presidential+Elections%2C+1789%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0791057131&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Arthur+M.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D07E7qAAACAAJ%26q%3DHistory%2Bof%2BAmerican%2BPresidential%2BElections%2C%2B1789-2001%2BVolume%2B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubin2002" class="citation book cs1">Dubin, Michael J. 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Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786410170" title="Special:BookSources/9780786410170"><bdi>9780786410170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Presidential+Elections%2C+1788-1860%3A+The+Official+Results+by+County+and+State&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780786410170&rft.aulast=Dubin&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bend%5D=1820&q=1812&search_field=all_fields&commit=search">"A New Nation Votes"</a>. <i>elections.lib.tufts.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elections.lib.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=A+New+Nation+Votes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.lib.tufts.edu%2F%3Futf8%3D%25E2%259C%2593%26f%255Belection_type_sim%255D%255B%255D%3DGeneral%26f%255Boffice_id_ssim%255D%255B%255D%3DON056%26range%255Bdate_sim%255D%255Bbegin%255D%3D1820%26range%255Bdate_sim%255D%255Bend%255D%3D1820%26q%3D1812%26search_field%3Dall_fields%26commit%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&per_page=50&q=1812&search_field=all_fields">"A New Nation Votes"</a>. <i>elections.lib.tufts.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elections.lib.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=A+New+Nation+Votes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.lib.tufts.edu%2Fcatalog%2Fgq67js486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/5425kc112">"A New Nation Votes"</a>. <i>elections.lib.tufts.edu</i>. p. See note one<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elections.lib.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=A+New+Nation+Votes&rft.pages=See+note+one&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.lib.tufts.edu%2Fcatalog%2F5425kc112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoller2004" class="citation book cs1">Boller, Paul F. Jr. (2004). <i>Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516716-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516716-0"><bdi>978-0-19-516716-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Campaigns%3A+From+George+Washington+to+George+W.+Bush&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516716-0&rft.aulast=Boller&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiry1985" class="citation journal cs1">Siry, Steven Edwin (1985). "The Sectional Politics of "Practical Republicanism": De Witt Clinton's Presidential Bid, 1810–1812". <i>Journal of the Early Republic</i>. <b>5</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">441–</span>462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3123061">10.2307/3123061</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3123061">3123061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Early+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Sectional+Politics+of+%22Practical+Republicanism%22%3A+De+Witt+Clinton%27s+Presidential+Bid%2C+1810%E2%80%931812&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E441-%3C%2Fspan%3E462&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3123061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3123061%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Siry&rft.aufirst=Steven+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Zinman, Donald A. (2024). <i>America's First Wartime Election: James Madison, DeWitt Clinton, and the War of 1812</i>. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700637799.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214223/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq">A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787–1825</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_election,_1812" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States presidential election, 1812"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">United States presidential election, 1812</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1812.html">Presidential Election of 1812: A Resource Guide</a> from the Library of Congress</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/Hx/ElectoralCollege.html">"A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College"</a>. <i>The Green Papers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Green+Papers&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Analysis+of+the+Electoral+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FHx%2FElectoralCollege.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1812+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1812/">Election of 1812 in Counting the Votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311074439/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1812/">Archived</a> March 11, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1278553751">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1278553751</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=1812_United_States_presidential_election&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Citation bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1740974910"> <span>Last edited on 3 March 2025, at 04:08</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1812" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1812 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1812" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_prezidenta_USA_1812" title="Volby prezidenta USA 1812 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby prezidenta USA 1812" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1812" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1812 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1812" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1812" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1812 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1812" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1812" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1812 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1812" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B1%DB%B2)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۸۱۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۸۱۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1812" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1812 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1812" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1812년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1812년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1812" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1812 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1812" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1812" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1812 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1812" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_(1812)" title="Претседателски избори во САД (1812) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседателски избори во САД (1812)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1812" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1812 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1812" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1812年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1812年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1812" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1812 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1812" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812-yil_Amerika_Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlarid%D0%B0_prezidentlik_saylovi" title="1812-yil Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridа prezidentlik saylovi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1812-yil Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridа prezidentlik saylovi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1812_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1812 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1812 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1812" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1812 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1812" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1812)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1812) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1812)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A1%D9%A2)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨١٢) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨١٢)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_1812." title="Председнички избори у САД 1812. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 1812." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_1812" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1812 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1812" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1812" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1812 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 1812" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_se%C3%A7imleri" title="1812 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1812 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_1812" title="Президентські вибори у США 1812 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентські вибори у США 1812" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_1812%D8%A1" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ کے صدارتی انتخابات 1812ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ کے صدارتی انتخابات 1812ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_1812" title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1812 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1812" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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