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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Interactive music" redirects here. For interactive music albums, see <a href="/wiki/Interactive_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive album">Interactive album</a>. For media that may feature an interactive musical component, see <a href="/wiki/Interactive_media" title="Interactive media">Interactive media</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dynamic music" redirects here. For the general variation in loudness, see <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">Dynamics (music)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adaptive_music" title="Special:EditPage/Adaptive music">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adaptive+music%22">"Adaptive music"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adaptive+music%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adaptive+music%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adaptive+music%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adaptive+music%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adaptive+music%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Adaptive music</b> is music which changes in response to real-time events or user interactions, found most commonly in video games.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may change in volume, <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arrangement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, and more. Adaptive music is a staple within the <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a> genre, often being used to change the tone and intensity of music when the player enters and leaves combat.<sup id="cite_ref-Sporka_2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sporka_2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music video games</a>, in which a core gameplay element involves player interaction with music, also have fundamentally adaptive soundtracks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first example of adaptive music is generally said to have been in <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> by <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a> in 1978. The game's simple background music, a four-note ostinato which repeats continuously throughout gameplay, increases in tempo as time goes on and the aliens descend upon the player.<sup id="cite_ref-Fritsch_2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritsch_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this music could also be considered sound effects for the aliens' movement, so some argue this is not an example of adaptive music.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other early examples of adaptive music include <i><a href="/wiki/Frogger" title="Frogger">Frogger</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> from 1981, where the music abruptly switches once the player reaches a safe point in the game, and <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_(video_game)" title="Sheriff (video game)">Sheriff</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> from 1979, where different pieces of music play in response to events such as a condor flying overhead or bandits approaching the player. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>' video game development group <a href="/wiki/LucasArts" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a> (before becoming Lucasfilm Games) created and patented the <a href="/wiki/IMUSE" title="IMUSE">iMUSE</a> interactive music system in the early 1990s, which was used to synchronise video game music with game events.<sup id="cite_ref-Sweet_2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweet_2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Collins_2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins_2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first game to make use of this system was <a href="/wiki/Monkey_Island_2:_LeChuck%27s_Revenge" title="Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge">Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge</a> in 1991. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vertical_orchestration">Vertical orchestration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vertical orchestration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vertical orchestration is the technique in which the music's arrangement is changed. Musical layers are added and removed in response to game events to affect the music’s texture, intensity, and emotional feel without interrupting the flow of music.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Layers are generally faded in and out for smoother transitions. </p><p>In video games, this technique may be used for more subtle game events than horizontal re-sequencing, such as an increase or decrease in intensity during a battle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Space_2" title="Dead Space 2">Dead Space 2</a></i>, the background music appears to be arranged into four layers, each a stereo track corresponding with a specific level of "fear". Each of these layers is then either individually or collectively mixed during gameplay depending on a variety of game variables, such as the distance the player is from enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamp_et_al._2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamp_et_al._2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horizontal_re-sequencing">Horizontal re-sequencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Horizontal re-sequencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horizontal re-sequencing is the technique in which different pieces of music are transitioned between. Musical pieces in a “branching” sequence are transitioned between in response to game events. The most simple kind of transition is a <a href="/wiki/Fade_(audio_engineering)" title="Fade (audio engineering)">crossfade</a>; when triggered by an event, the old piece is faded out while the new piece fades in.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another kind is phrase branching; in this case, the change to the next segment starts when the current <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">musical phrase</a> has ended.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another kind involves using dedicated "bridge" transitions, which are sections of music composed to join the two pieces of music together.<sup id="cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redhead_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In video games, this technique may be used for more significant game events, such as a change in location, beginning of a battle, or opening of a menu, as it generally draws more attention and makes a greater impact than vertical orchestration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algorithmic_generation">Algorithmic generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Algorithmic generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Generative_music" title="Generative music">Generative music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_composition" title="Algorithmic composition">Algorithmic composition</a></div> <p>Some video games generate musical content live using algorithms instead of relying solely on pre-made musical pieces (such as in horizontal re-sequencing and vertical orchestration).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Spore_(2008_video_game)" title="Spore (2008 video game)">Spore</a></i> uses an embedded version of the music software <a href="/wiki/Pure_Data" title="Pure Data">Pure Data</a> to generate music according to certain game events such as the phase of gameplay, the player's actions in the "creature editor", and the duration of the gameplay session.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <i><a href="/wiki/Ape_Out" title="Ape Out">Ape Out</a></i> features a procedurally generated jazz soundtrack which changes based on the intensity of gameplay and the players inputs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blending_music_and_sound_effects">Blending music and sound effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Blending music and sound effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Importance_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain information <b>not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">important or relevant</a> to the article's subject.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit">improve this section</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some video games, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rez_(video_game)" title="Rez (video game)">Rez</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Extase_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extase (video game)">Extase</a></i>, synchronise their sound effects with the background music to blend them together. This is done by delaying playback of the sound effects after they're triggered by the player.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamp_et_al._2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamp_et_al._2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: more uses for adaptive music. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_goal_or_reward">As goal or reward</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As goal or reward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The music game <i><a href="/wiki/Sound_Shapes" title="Sound Shapes">Sound Shapes</a></i> uses an adaptive soundtrack to reward the player. As the player improves at the game and collects more "coins", the soundtrack, which is entirely composed of the melodies and beats created by these "coins", intensifies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludomusicology" title="Ludomusicology">Ludomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMOD" title="FMOD">FMOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiokinetic_Wwise" title="Audiokinetic Wwise">Wwise</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Redhead_2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redhead_2024_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRedhead2024" class="citation book cs1">Redhead, Tracy (2024-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003273554"><i>Interactive Technologies and Music Making: Transmutable Music</i></a> (1 ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003273554">10.4324/9781003273554</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-27355-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-27355-4"><bdi>978-1-003-27355-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interactive+Technologies+and+Music+Making%3A+Transmutable+Music&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003273554&rft.isbn=978-1-003-27355-4&rft.aulast=Redhead&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9781003273554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sporka_2017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sporka_2017_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSporkaValta2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sporka, Adam; Valta, Jan (2 October 2017). "Design and implementation of a non-linear symphonic soundtrack of a video game". <i>New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 229–246. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NRvHM..23..229S">2017NRvHM..23..229S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13614568.2017.1416682">10.1080/13614568.2017.1416682</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46835283">46835283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Review+of+Hypermedia+and+Multimedia&rft.atitle=Design+and+implementation+of+a+non-linear+symphonic+soundtrack+of+a+video+game&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=229-246&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46835283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13614568.2017.1416682&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NRvHM..23..229S&rft.aulast=Sporka&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Valta%2C+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fritsch_2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fritsch_2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritsch2021" class="citation book cs1">Fritsch, Melanie (2021). Summers, Tim (ed.). <i>The Cambridge companion to video game music</i>. Cambridge companions to music. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-60919-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-60919-7"><bdi>978-1-108-60919-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+video+game+music&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.series=Cambridge+companions+to+music&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-108-60919-7&rft.aulast=Fritsch&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweet_2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sweet_2012_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweet2014" class="citation book cs1">Sweet, Michael (October 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQqSBAAAQBAJ"><i>Writing Interactive Music for Video Games: A Composer's Guide</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley" title="Addison-Wesley">Addison-Wesley Professional</a>. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321961587" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321961587"><bdi>978-0321961587</bdi></a>. <q>Frustrated with the state of music in games at the time, two composers at LucasArts Peter MccConnell and Michal Land created one of the first adaptive music systems, called iMuse. iMuse (Interactive MUsic Streaming Engine) let composers insert branch and loop markers into a sequence that would allow the music to change based on the decisions of the player. The iMuse engine was one of the first significant contributions to interactive music for video games. Its importance in shaping many of the techniques that you see in video games today cannot be overemphasized. (...) Other excellent iMuse titles includes <i>Grim Fandango</i> (1998), which features an incredible jazz-based soundtrack composed by Peter McConnell. (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+Interactive+Music+for+Video+Games%3A+A+Composer%27s+Guide&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft.isbn=978-0321961587&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQqSBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins_2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_2008_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2008" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Karen (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gnw0Zb4St-wC"><i>Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The MIT Press">The MIT Press</a>. p. 102, 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0262033787" title="Special:BookSources/978-0262033787"><bdi>978-0262033787</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Sound%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History%2C+Theory%2C+and+Practice+of+Video&rft.pages=102%2C+146&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.isbn=978-0262033787&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgnw0Zb4St-wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamp_et_al._2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kamp_et_al._2016_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kamp_et_al._2016_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kamp, Michiel; Summers, Tim; Sweeney, Mark eds (2016) <i>Ludomusicology : Approaches to Video Game Music.</i> Sheffield: Equinox. pp 188-189. ISBN 9781781791974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweet2016" class="citation web cs1">Sweet, Michael (13 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210932/https://www.designingmusicnow.com/2016/06/13/advantages-disadvantages-common-interactive-music-techniques-used-video-games/">"Top 6 Adaptive Music Techniques in Games - Pros and Cons - Designing Music NOW"</a>. <i>Designing Music Now</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.designingmusicnow.com/2016/06/13/advantages-disadvantages-common-interactive-music-techniques-used-video-games/">the original</a> on 13 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Designing+Music+Now&rft.atitle=Top+6+Adaptive+Music+Techniques+in+Games+-+Pros+and+Cons+-+Designing+Music+NOW&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.designingmusicnow.com%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2Fadvantages-disadvantages-common-interactive-music-techniques-used-video-games%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosak2008" class="citation web cs1">Kosak, Dave (20 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pc.gamespy.com/pc/spore/853810p1.html">"The Beat Goes on: Dynamic Music in Spore"</a>. <i>GameSpy</i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpy&rft.atitle=The+Beat+Goes+on%3A+Dynamic+Music+in+Spore&rft.date=2008-02-20&rft.aulast=Kosak&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpc.gamespy.com%2Fpc%2Fspore%2F853810p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Steven (27 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/gaming/columns/how-ape-out-creates-a-soundscape-worthy-of-smashing-1203150773/">"How 'Ape Out' Creates a Soundscape Worthy of Smashing"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. Variety Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=How+%27Ape+Out%27+Creates+a+Soundscape+Worthy+of+Smashing&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fgaming%2Fcolumns%2Fhow-ape-out-creates-a-soundscape-worthy-of-smashing-1203150773%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdaptive+music" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&oldid=1257115045">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adaptive_music&oldid=1257115045</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_design" title="Category:Video game design">Video game design</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_music_technology" title="Category:Video game music technology">Video game music technology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2014">Articles needing additional references from November 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from November 2024">Articles to be expanded from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 09:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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