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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American biochemist (1913–2007)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Helmut Beinert</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">17 November 1913<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1913-11-17</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lahr" title="Lahr">Lahr</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 December 2007<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">2007-12-22</span>)</span> (aged 94)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metalloprotein" title="Metalloprotein">Metalloenzymes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron-sulfur_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-sulfur protein">iron-sulfur proteins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg#The_Otto_Warburg_Medal" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin-Madison">University of Wisconsin-Madison</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Helmut Beinert</b> (17 November 1913 – 21 December 2007) was a professor in the <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a> department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>. His research focused on the mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Metalloprotein" title="Metalloprotein">metalloenzymes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron-sulfur_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-sulfur protein">iron-sulfur proteins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asbmb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asbmb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biochem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biochem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reed_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Angewandte_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angewandte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Beinert&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beinert was born in <a href="/wiki/Lahr" title="Lahr">Lahr</a>, Germany on 17 November 1913. He studied in the classical traditions of time, and his bachelor's education consisted of Latin, mathematics, Greek and French, along with the physical sciences. After graduation he became a professional actor, but was subsequently drafted into the army. He left the army and studied chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a>, eventually completing his thesis work in 1943 at the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Society">Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reed_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Beinert&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1950 Beinert came to the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Institute for Enzyme Research to carryout his postdoctoral work. He joined the faculty at the Institute in 1952, and became a full professor in 1962. In 1984 he left <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a> and joined the faculty at the <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_of_Wisconsin" title="Medical College of Wisconsin">Medical College of Wisconsin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, where he remained until 1994. He moved back to Madison, and maintained a loose affiliation with the biochemistry department at the University of Wisconsin–Madison until his death in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Reed_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reed-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is often credited with being both a pioneer and advocate for the use of <a href="/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance" title="Electron paramagnetic resonance">electron paramagnetic resonance</a> in biological systems,<sup id="cite_ref-asbmb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asbmb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a technique used to study compounds that have unpaired electrons. He was also an early promoter of the field of bioinorganic chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_awards_and_distinctions">Selected awards and distinctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Beinert&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selected awards and distinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1979 - Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980 - Elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-Angewandte_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angewandte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1985 - Keilin Medal from the <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_Society" title="Biochemical Society">British Biochemical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-Angewandte_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angewandte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989 - <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hans_Krebs_Medal" title="Sir Hans Krebs Medal">Sir Hans Krebs Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_European_Biochemical_Societies" title="Federation of European Biochemical Societies">Federation of European Biochemical Societies</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1994 - <a href="/wiki/Otto_Warburg_Medal" title="Otto Warburg Medal">Otto Warburg Medal</a> from the Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Germany<sup id="cite_ref-Angewandte_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angewandte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Beinert&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-asbmb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asbmb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asbmb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMastersMary_Claire_KennedyJung-Ja_P._KimPeter_H._Kroneck2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bettie_Sue_Masters" title="Bettie Sue Masters">Masters, Bettie Sue</a>; Mary Claire Kennedy; Jung-Ja P. Kim; Peter H. Kroneck (March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asbmb.org/Asbmb.Web/media/files/atoday/ASBMBToday-2008-03.pdf">"Retrospective: Helmut Beinert (1913-2007): A Nonagenerian Par Excellence!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>asbmb news</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. pp. 10–11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asbmb+news&rft.atitle=Retrospective%3A+Helmut+Beinert+%281913-2007%29%3A+A+Nonagenerian+Par+Excellence%21&rft.pages=10-11&rft.date=2008-03&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Bettie+Sue&rft.au=Mary+Claire+Kennedy&rft.au=Jung-Ja+P.+Kim&rft.au=Peter+H.+Kroneck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asbmb.org%2FAsbmb.Web%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fatoday%2FASBMBToday-2008-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biochem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biochem_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725103218/http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/faculty/beinert/default.aspx">"Helmut Beinert Faculty Page"</a>. Madison, WI: Department of Biochemistry, UW-Madison. 21 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/faculty/beinert/default.aspx">the original</a> on July 25, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helmut+Beinert+Faculty+Page&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pub=Department+of+Biochemistry%2C+UW-Madison&rft.date=2008-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochem.wisc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fbeinert%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reed-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reed_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reed_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reed_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReedBrian_FoxHenry_LardyTricia_Kiley2008" class="citation web cs1">Reed, George; Brian Fox; Henry Lardy; Tricia Kiley (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110410141622/http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/newsletters/2008/pdfs/biochem_newsltr_beinert_08.pdf">"Remembering Helmut Beinert, Departmental Newsletter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Madison, WI: Department of Biochemistry. pp. 24–25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochem.wisc.edu/newsletters/2008/pdfs/biochem_newsltr_beinert_08.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Helmut+Beinert%2C+Departmental+Newsletter&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Department+of+Biochemistry&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Brian+Fox&rft.au=Henry+Lardy&rft.au=Tricia+Kiley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochem.wisc.edu%2Fnewsletters%2F2008%2Fpdfs%2Fbiochem_newsltr_beinert_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angewandte-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angewandte_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angewandte_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angewandte_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angewandte_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroneck2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kroneck, Peter M. H. (7 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200800392">"Helmut Beinert (1913–2007)"</a>. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <b>47</b> (12): 2172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200800392">10.1002/anie.200800392</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.atitle=Helmut+Beinert+%281913%E2%80%932007%29&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2172&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200800392&rft.aulast=Kroneck&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fanie.200800392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinert2002" class="citation journal cs1">Beinert, Helmut (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.X200002200">"Bioinorganic Chemistry: A New Field or Discipline? Words, Meanings, and Reality"</a>. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>277</b> (41): 37967–37972. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.X200002200">10.1074/jbc.X200002200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12167661">12167661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Bioinorganic+Chemistry%3A+A+New+Field+or+Discipline%3F+Words%2C+Meanings%2C+and+Reality&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=37967-37972&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.X200002200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12167661&rft.aulast=Beinert&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.X200002200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (March 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780-2010%3A+Chapter+B&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelmut+Beinert" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FEBS_Memoir_2004-3.pdf FEBS</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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