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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beginning of the Sengoku period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning_of_the_Sengoku_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Start_and_end_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_and_end_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Start and end dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_and_end_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kansai_region_and_Kyoto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kansai_region_and_Kyoto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kansai region and Kyoto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kansai_region_and_Kyoto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Puppetization_of_the_Ashikaga_Shogunate_by_the_Hosokawa_clan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puppetization_of_the_Ashikaga_Shogunate_by_the_Hosokawa_clan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Puppetization of the Ashikaga Shogunate by the Hosokawa clan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puppetization_of_the_Ashikaga_Shogunate_by_the_Hosokawa_clan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_rise_of_the_Miyoshi_clan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_rise_of_the_Miyoshi_clan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>The rise of the Miyoshi clan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_rise_of_the_Miyoshi_clan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chūgoku_region_(Mōri_Motonari)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chūgoku_region_(Mōri_Motonari)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Chūgoku region (Mōri Motonari)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chūgoku_region_(Mōri_Motonari)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hokuriku,_Kantō,_and_Chūbu_regions_(Uesugi_Kenshin)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hokuriku,_Kantō,_and_Chūbu_regions_(Uesugi_Kenshin)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Hokuriku, Kantō, and Chūbu regions (Uesugi Kenshin)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hokuriku,_Kantō,_and_Chūbu_regions_(Uesugi_Kenshin)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_changes_with_the_advent_of_matchlock_guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_changes_with_the_advent_of_matchlock_guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Social changes with the advent of matchlock guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_changes_with_the_advent_of_matchlock_guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oda_Nobunaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oda_Nobunaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Oda Nobunaga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oda_Nobunaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toyotomi_(Hashiba)_Hideyoshi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toyotomi_(Hashiba)_Hideyoshi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Toyotomi (Hashiba) Hideyoshi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toyotomi_(Hashiba)_Hideyoshi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tōhoku_region_(Date_Masamune)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tōhoku_region_(Date_Masamune)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Tōhoku region (Date Masamune)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tōhoku_region_(Date_Masamune)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gekokujō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gekokujō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Gekokujō</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gekokujō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sengoku period</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88" title="فترة سينغوكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة سينغوكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="সেনগোকু যুগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেনগোকু যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Sengoku sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sengoku sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Перыяд Сэнгоку – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыяд Сэнгоку" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Сенгоку – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сенгоку" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སེན་གོའི་དུས་མཚམས་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེན་གོའི་དུས་མཚམས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Sengoku" title="Període Sengoku – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Sengoku" title="Období Sengoku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku-Zeit" title="Sengoku-Zeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sengoku-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_ajastu" title="Sengoku ajastu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sengoku ajastu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Sengoku" title="Período Sengoku – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoko_Sengoku" title="Epoko Sengoku – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epoko Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_Aroa" title="Sengoku Aroa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sengoku Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="دوره سنگوکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره سنگوکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89poque_Sengoku" title="Époque Sengoku – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Époque Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9imhse_Sengoku" title="Tréimhse Sengoku – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tréimhse Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="سنگوكو دوره – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سنگوكو دوره" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%BC%EA%B3%A0%EC%BF%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="센고쿠 시대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="센고쿠 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Sengoku" title="Zaman Sengoku – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku-%C3%B6ldin" title="Sengoku-öldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sengoku-öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Sengoku" title="Periodo Sengoku – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95" title="תקופת סנגוקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת סנגוקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="სენგოკუს პერიოდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სენგოკუს პერიოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Сэнгоку дәуірі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сэнгоку дәуірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_laikotarpis" title="Sengoku laikotarpis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sengoku laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadakoz%C3%B3_fejedelems%C3%A9gek_kora_(Jap%C3%A1n)" title="Hadakozó fejedelemségek kora (Japán) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hadakozó fejedelemségek kora (Japán)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88" title="فتره سينجوكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فتره سينجوكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Sengoku" title="Zaman Sengoku – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengokuperiode" title="Sengokuperiode – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sengokuperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="戦国時代 (日本) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戦国時代 (日本)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku-perioden" title="Sengoku-perioden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sengoku-perioden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_(okres)" title="Sengoku (okres) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sengoku (okres)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Sengoku" title="Período Sengoku – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioada_Sengoku" title="Perioada Sengoku – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioada Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Период Сэнгоку – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Период Сэнгоку" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_Sengoku" title="Periudha Sengoku – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sengoku period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Sengoku" title="Obdobie Sengoku – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8E%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%A9%D9%88" title="سەردەمی سێنگۆکو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی سێنگۆکو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сенгоку период – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сенгоку период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_razdoblje" title="Sengoku razdoblje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sengoku razdoblje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku-kausi" title="Sengoku-kausi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sengoku-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku" title="Sengoku – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Sengoku" title="Panahong Sengoku – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Sengoku" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8" title="ยุคเซ็งโงกุ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเซ็งโงกุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengoku_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Sengoku Dönemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sengoku Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Період Сенґоку – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Період Сенґоку" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سینگوکو دور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینگوکو دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238254956">.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-caption{padding-bottom:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-list-title{border:none;background:gainsboro}.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-below{padding-top:0.2em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks history-of-japan"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Japan" title="Category:History of Japan">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sengoku_period_battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/200px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/300px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/400px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="828" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kawanakajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kawanakajima">Battle of Kawanakajima</a> (1561)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Prehistoric</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">35,000–14,000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">14,000–1000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1000 BC–300 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Ancient</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300–538 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Classical</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">538–710</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">710–794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Nine_Years%27_War" title="Former Nine Years' War">Former Nine Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three-Year_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Three-Year War">Later Three-Year War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">794–1185</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Feudal</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1185–1333</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sengoku period</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1336–1573</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1573–1603</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Early modern</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period"><b>Edo</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tokugawa)</span></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">Invasion of Ryukyu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Osaka" title="Siege of Osaka">Siege of Osaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1603–1868</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Modern</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Disposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Disposition">Ryūkyū Disposition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Invasion of Taiwan (1874)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Invasion of Taiwan (1895)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Colonization of Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Colonization of Korea</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1868–1912</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Intervention in Siberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1912–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a></b> <div class="plainlist wraplinks" style="padding-left:1.4em;text-align:left;line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927" title="Nanking incident of 1927">Nanking incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Invasion of Manchuria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_incident" title="February 26 incident">February 26 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anpo_protests" title="Anpo protests">Anpo protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Asset price bubble</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1926–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">Lost Decades</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_Japan" title="Cool Japan">Cool Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Tōhoku earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">Imperial transition</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989–2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Abe assassination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake" title="2024 Noto earthquake">Noto earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Topics</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Japan#History" title="Capital punishment in Japan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Historiography</a></li> <li>Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Japan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Japan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shinto" title="History of Shinto">Shinto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-war_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war Japan">Post-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="History of science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of sports in Japan">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_history" title="Glossary of Japanese history">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Timeline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Japan" title="Template talk:History of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Sengoku period</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">戦国時代</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sengoku jidai</i></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation"><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Warring States period</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span> is the period in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japanese history</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Civil_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil wars">civil wars</a> and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku_incident" title="Kyōtoku incident">Kyōtoku incident</a> (1454), <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> (1467), or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mei%C5%8D_incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiō incident (page does not exist)">Meiō incident</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89" class="extiw" title="ja:明応の政変">ja</a>]</span> (1493) are generally chosen as the period's start date, but there are many competing historiographies for its end date, ranging from 1568, the date of <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga#Ise_campaign,_Omi_campaign,_and_march_to_Kyoto" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga's march on Kyoto</a>, to the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a> in 1638, deep into what is traditionally considered the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jp191129_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp191129-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of the dates chosen, the Sengoku period overlaps substantially with the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> (1336–1573). </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sengoku_period_battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/180px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/270px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sengoku_period_battle.jpg/360px-Sengoku_period_battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a> deflects <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a>'s strike at the Fourth <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kawanakajima" title="Battles of Kawanakajima">Battle of Kawanakajima</a> during the Sengoku period</figcaption></figure> <p>This period was characterized by the overthrow of a superior power by a subordinate one. The <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> central government, declined and the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">sengoku daimyo</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">戦国大名</span></span>, feudal lord of Sengoku period)</span>, a local power, seized wider political influence. The people rebelled against the feudal lords in revolts known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">Ikkō-ikki</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">一向一揆</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-sh%C5%AB" title="Ikkō-shū">Ikkō-shū</a> uprising)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period saw a breakdown in the traditional master-servant relationship between a lord and his vassals, with many instances of vassals rebelling against their lords, internal dynastic conflict over lordships within noble families (in which vassals would take sides), and the installation of figurehead lords by cadet branches of noble families.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The period was also marked by the loosening of samurai culture, with people born into other social strata sometimes making a name for themselves as warriors and thus becoming samurai. In turn, events sometimes allowed common <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> to rise to the rank of <i>sengoku daimyo</i>; these included <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_S%C5%8Dun" title="Hōjō Sōun">Hōjō Sōun</a> (the first to do so), and <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a>, a <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shugodai" title="Shugodai">Shugodai</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">守護代</span></span>, deputy <i><a href="/wiki/Shugo" title="Shugo">Shugo</a></i>)</span> who attained power by weakening and eventually replacing his lord.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shugosen2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shugosen2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most spectacular example of a <i>sengoku</i>-era rise is often considered to be that of <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, who rose from a peasant background to successively become a samurai, <i>sengoku daimyo</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sessho_and_Kampaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Sessho and Kampaku">kampaku</a></i> (Imperial Regent).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Japan recognizes <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> as the three "Great Unifiers"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三英傑／さんえいけつ</span></span>)</span> for their restoration of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Central_government" title="Central government">central government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-denver_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denver-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this period, although the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a> was officially the ruler of the state and every lord swore loyalty to him, he was largely a marginalized, ceremonial, and religious figure who delegated power to the <i><a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shōgun</a></i>, a noble who was roughly equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military dictator</a>. </p><p>From 1346 to 1358, during the <a href="/wiki/Nanboku-cho_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanboku-cho period">Nanboku-cho period</a>, the Ashikaga shogunate gradually expanded the authority of the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shugo" title="Shugo">Shugo</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">守護</span></span>)</span>, the local military and police officials established by the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a>, giving the <i>Shugo</i> jurisdiction over land disputes between <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gokenin" title="Gokenin">gokenin</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">御家人</span></span>)</span> and allowing the <i>Shugo</i> to receive half of all taxes from the areas they controlled. The <i>Shugo</i> shared their newfound wealth with the local samurai, creating a hierarchical relationship between the <i>Shugo</i> and the samurai, and the first early <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo">daimyo</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大名</span></span>, feudal lords)</span>, called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shugo daimyo</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">守護大名</span></span>)</span>, appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-shugosen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shugosen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1428, <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshimochi" title="Ashikaga Yoshimochi">Ashikaga Yoshimochi</a>, the fourth shogun, was ill and the question of his succession arose. <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshikazu" title="Ashikaga Yoshikazu">Ashikaga Yoshikazu</a>, the 5th shogun, died of illness at the age of 19, so the 6th shogun was chosen from among Yoshimochi's four brothers, and to ensure fairness, a lottery was held. The sixth shogun was <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshinori" title="Ashikaga Yoshinori">Ashikaga Yoshinori</a>. But he was not educated to be a shogun, and his temperamental and despotic behavior caused resentment. <a href="/wiki/Akamatsu_Mitsusuke" title="Akamatsu Mitsusuke">Akamatsu Mitsusuke</a> assassinated him during the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%90%89%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:嘉吉の乱">Kakitsu Rebellion</a>. This led to instability in the Ashikaga shogunate system. The shogunate gradually lost influence and control over the <i>daimyo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyoto260523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nagoyaka_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagoyaka-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginning_of_the_Sengoku_period">Beginning of the Sengoku period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginning of the Sengoku period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku_incident" title="Kyōtoku incident">Kyōtoku incident</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi,_vol.3_(part).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg/220px-Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg/330px-Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg/440px-Shinnyod%C5%8D_engi%2C_vol.3_%28part%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>Painting depicting a battle during the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/220px-Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/330px-Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png/440px-Onin-War-1467-1477-The-Battle-of-Onin-by-Utagawa-Yoshitora.png 2x" data-file-width="4387" data-file-height="2229" /></a><figcaption>19th century <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> by <a href="/wiki/Utagawa_Yoshitora" title="Utagawa Yoshitora">Utagawa Yoshitora</a>, depicting a battle of the war</figcaption></figure> <p>The beginning of the Sengoku Period is considered to be the <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku_incident" title="Kyōtoku incident">Kyōtoku incident</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a>, or <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89" class="extiw" title="ja:明応の政変">Meiō incident</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotomei_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotomei-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kyōtoku Incident was a major war in the <a href="/wiki/Kanto_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanto region">Kanto region</a> that lasted from 1454 to 1482. The war began when <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Shigeuji" title="Ashikaga Shigeuji">Ashikaga Shigeuji</a> of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_kub%C5%8D" title="Kantō kubō">Kantō kubō</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">関東公方</span></span>)</span>, the office of the Ashikaga shogunate in charge of the Kanto region, killed Uesugi Noritada of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Kanrei" class="extiw" title="ja:Kantō Kanrei">Kantō kanrei</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">関東管領</span></span>)</span>, Kantō kubō's assistant. The various forces in the Kanto region divided and fought between the <i>Kubō</i> and <i>Kanrei</i> sides, with the Ashikaga shogunate supporting the <i>Kanrei</i> side.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshimasa" title="Ashikaga Yoshimasa">Ashikaga Yoshimasa</a>, the 8th shogun, tried to strengthen the power of the shogun, but his close associates did not follow his instructions, leading to political chaos and increasing social unrest. Since he had no sons, he tried to install his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshimi" title="Ashikaga Yoshimi">Ashikaga Yoshimi</a> as the ninth shogun, but when his wife <a href="/wiki/Hino_Tomiko" title="Hino Tomiko">Hino Tomiko</a> gave birth to <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshihisa" title="Ashikaga Yoshihisa">Ashikaga Yoshihisa</a>, a conflict arose among the <i>shugo daimyo</i> as to whether Yoshimi or Yoshihisa would be the next shogun. The <a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_clan" title="Hatakeyama clan">Hatakeyama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shiba_clan" title="Shiba clan">Shiba</a> clans were also divided into two opposing factions over succession within their own clans, and <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Katsumoto" title="Hosokawa Katsumoto">Hosokawa Katsumoto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamana_S%C5%8Dzen" title="Yamana Sōzen">Yamana Sōzen</a>, who were father-in-law and son-in-law, were politically at odds with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyoto260523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nagoyao_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagoyao-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1467, these conflicts finally led to the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> (1467–1477) between the Eastern Army, led by Hosokawa Katsumoto and including <a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_Masanaga" title="Hatakeyama Masanaga">Hatakeyama Masanaga</a>, Shiba Yoshitoshi, and Ashikaga Yoshimi, and the Western Army, led by Yamana Sōzen and including Hatakeyama Yoshinari, Shiba Yoshikado, and Ashikaga Yoshihisa.　In 1469, the war spread to the provinces, but in 1473, Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen, the leaders of both armies, died. In 1477, the war ended when the western lords, including Hatakeyama Yoshinari and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Masahiro" title="Ōuchi Masahiro">Ōuchi Masahiro</a>, withdrew their armies from Kyoto.<sup id="cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyoto260523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nagoyao_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagoyao-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The war devastated two-thirds of Kyoto, destroying many aristocratic and samurai residences, <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrines</a>, and Buddhist temples, and undermining the authority of the Ashikaga shoguns, greatly reducing their control over the various regions. The war caused disarray which rippled across Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the military confrontations between separate states, there was also domestic fallout. In contempt of the shogunate, the daimyo who were subjected to remain in Kyoto instead returned to their <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Japan" title="Provinces of Japan">provinces</a>. Consequentially, some of these daimyo found that their designated retainers or <i><a href="/wiki/Shugodai" title="Shugodai">shugodai</a></i>, representatives of their states appointed in a daimyo's absence, rose in power either to seize control of the domain or proclaim independence as a separate domain.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus began the Sengoku period, a period of civil war in which the <i>daimyo</i> of various regions fought to expand their own power.<sup id="cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyoto260523-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nagoyao_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagoyao-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Daimyo</i> who became more powerful as the shogunate's control weakened were called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sengoku daimyo</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">戦国大名</span></span>)</span>, and they often came from <i>shugo daimyo</i>, <i>Shugodai</i>, and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kokujin or kunibito</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">国人</span></span>, local masters)</span>. In other words, <i>sengoku daimyo</i> differed from <i>shugo daimyo</i> in that <i>sengoku daimyo</i> was able to rule the region on his own, without being appointed by the shogun.<sup id="cite_ref-shugosen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shugosen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians often consider the Ōnin War, a ten-year conflict wrought by political turmoil, to be the trigger for what would come to be known as the Sengoku period. This <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> would clearly reveal the Ashikaga shogunate's reduced authority over its shogunal administration, the provincial <i>daimyo</i> and Japan as a whole; thereby a wave of unbridled conflict would spread across Japan and consume the states in an age of war. Furthermore, weariness of war, socioeconomic unrest and poor treatment by aristocrats provoked the wrath of the peasant class. Farmers, craftsmen, merchants and even villages would organize uprisings (known as <i>"ikki")</i> against the ruling class. An extraordinary example is the <a href="/wiki/Kaga_Rebellion" title="Kaga Rebellion">Kaga Rebellion</a>, in which the local <i>ikki</i> had staged a large-scale revolt with the support of the <a href="/wiki/True_Pure_Land_Sect" class="mw-redirect" title="True Pure Land Sect">True Pure Land sect</a> (thereby establishing the term <i><a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">ikkō ikki</a>)</i> and assumed control of the entire province of <a href="/wiki/Kaga_ikki" title="Kaga ikki">Kaga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suggested by both scholars and authors that "<i>these succession disputes still might not have led to war were it not for the shōgun's lack of leadership</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_daimy%C5%8Ds_from_the_Sengoku_period" title="List of daimyōs from the Sengoku period">List of daimyōs from the Sengoku period</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Start_and_end_dates">Start and end dates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Start and end dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oozutu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Oozutu.jpg/170px-Oozutu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Oozutu.jpg/255px-Oozutu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Oozutu.jpg/340px-Oozutu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption><i>Ōzutsu</i> (Big Gun)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku_incident" title="Kyōtoku incident">Kyōtoku incident</a> in 1454, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> in 1467, or <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89" class="extiw" title="ja:明応の政変">Meiō incident</a> in 1493 is usually considered the starting point of the Sengoku period.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotomei_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotomei-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several events which could be considered the end of it: Nobunaga's entry to <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> (1568)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMypaedia1996_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMypaedia1996-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromachi shogunate">Muromachi shogunate</a> (1573)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or entry into <a href="/wiki/Azuchi_Castle" title="Azuchi Castle">Azuchi Castle</a> (1576), Hideyoshi's promulgation of the <i>Sōbujirei</i> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A3%E7%84%A1%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:惣無事令">ja</a>) law prohibiting war (1587), the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)" title="Siege of Odawara (1590)">siege of Odawara (1590)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a> (1600), the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> (1603), the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Osaka" title="Siege of Osaka">siege of Osaka</a> (1615), or the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a> (1638).<sup id="cite_ref-jp191129_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp191129-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old, well-known definition is that the Onin War initiated the Sengoku period in 1467; and that it ended in 1568, when Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto in support of <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiaki" title="Ashikaga Yoshiaki">Ashikaga Yoshiaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jp191129_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp191129-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotosen_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotosen-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, even if 1568 is the end date of the Sengoku period, there are also various theories about the beginning and end dates of the following Azuchi-Momoyama period. The Azuchi-Momoyama period refers to the period when <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> were in power.<sup id="cite_ref-kotoazuchi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotoazuchi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> are the three unifiers of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-denver_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denver-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Azuchi-Momoyama" comes from the fact that Nobunaga's castle, <a href="/wiki/Azuchi_Castle" title="Azuchi Castle">Azuchi Castle</a>, was located in <a href="/wiki/Azuchi,_Shiga" title="Azuchi, Shiga">Azuchi, Shiga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Castle" title="Fushimi Castle">Fushimi Castle</a>, where Hideyoshi lived after his retirement, was located in Momoyama. The beginning date could be either when Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto in 1568 to support Ashikaga Yoshiaki, or when Nobunaga expelled Ashikaga Yoshiaki from Kyoto in 1573 and destroyed the Muromachi Shogunate, or when Nobunaga moved to Azuchi Castle in 1576. It ended either when Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in 1598, or at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, or with the opening of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603.<sup id="cite_ref-kotoazuchi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotoazuchi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaga_ikki" title="Kaga ikki">Kaga ikki</a> occurred in 1488, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_S%C5%8Dun" title="Hōjō Sōun">Hōjō Sōun</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/Izu_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Izu province">Izu province</a> in 1491, and in 1492 <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Masamoto" title="Hosokawa Masamoto">Hosokawa Masamoto</a> banished the 10th shogun <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshitane" title="Ashikaga Yoshitane">Ashikaga Yoshitane</a> from Kyoto and installed <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshizumi" title="Ashikaga Yoshizumi">Ashikaga Yoshizumi</a> as the 11th shogun. Around this time, civil wars began to occur frequently throughout the country, and Buddhist temples in various regions grew as armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kansai_region_and_Kyoto">Kansai region and Kyoto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kansai region and Kyoto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Puppetization_of_the_Ashikaga_Shogunate_by_the_Hosokawa_clan">Puppetization of the Ashikaga Shogunate by the Hosokawa clan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Puppetization of the Ashikaga Shogunate by the Hosokawa clan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg/220px-Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg/330px-Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg/440px-Hosokawa_Masamoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4300" data-file-height="5500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Masamoto" title="Hosokawa Masamoto">Hosokawa Masamoto</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshihisa" title="Ashikaga Yoshihisa">Ashikaga Yoshihisa</a>, who had become the ninth shogun during the Onin War, died at the age of 25, and Ashikaga Yoshitane became the 10th shogun. However, in 1493, Hosokawa Masamoto raised an army while shogun Yoshitane was away in Kyoto and installed the 11th shogun, Ashikaga Yoshizumi, in a de facto coup known as the <a href="/wiki/Meio" class="mw-redirect" title="Meio">Meio</a> incident<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89" class="extiw" title="ja:明応の政変">明応の政変</a></span></span>)</span>. Masamoto held the position of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kanrei" title="Kanrei">Kanrei</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">管領</span></span>)</span>, second only to the shogun in the Ashikaga shogunate, and the equivalent of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shikken" title="Shikken">Shikken</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">執権</span></span>)</span> in the Kamakura shogunate. This made the shogun a puppet of the <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_clan" title="Hosokawa clan">Hosokawa clan</a>, which served as the <i>Kanrei</i>. In recent years, it has been theorized that this incident marked the beginning of the Sengoku period.<sup id="cite_ref-meio_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meio-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotomei_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotomei-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hosokawa Masamoto remained a bachelor for the rest of his life and adopted three people as his heirs. Following the advice of his vassals, Masamoto named <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Sumimoto" title="Hosokawa Sumimoto">Hosokawa Sumimoto</a> as his successor instead of <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E5%B7%9D%E6%BE%84%E4%B9%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:細川澄之">Hosokawa Sumiyuki</a>, who had been adopted first. As a result, Masamoto was killed by Sumiyuki in 1507. This incident is called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Eishō no sakuran</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%AE%E9%8C%AF%E4%B9%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:永正の錯乱">永正の錯乱</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Muromachi_period)" title="Eishō (Muromachi period)">Eishō</a> delirium)</span>. This triggered a struggle for the succession of the Hosokawa clan, which was divided into the Hosokawa Sumimoto faction and the <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Takakuni" title="Hosokawa Takakuni">Hosokawa Takakuni</a> faction, and started a war called Ryō Hosokawa War<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%AE%E9%8C%AF%E4%B9%B1#両細川の乱" class="extiw" title="ja:永正の錯乱">両細川の乱</a></span></span>)</span>, which was won by Hosokawa Takakuni.<sup id="cite_ref-omono_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omono-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hosokawa Takakuni installed <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiharu" title="Ashikaga Yoshiharu">Ashikaga Yoshiharu</a> as the 12th shogun. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Harumoto" title="Hosokawa Harumoto">Hosokawa Harumoto</a>, son of Hosokawa Sumimoto, who had lost the war, collaborated with <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E5%85%83%E9%95%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:三好元長">Miyoshi Motonaga</a> to defeat Takakuni at the Battle of Katsuragawa<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" class="extiw" title="ja:桂川の戦い">桂川の戦い</a></span></span>)</span> in 1527 and expel him from Kyoto. The authority of the <i>Kanrei</i> was thus destroyed, and with almost no support for Hosokawa Takakuni, he was forced to move from place to place. He gained the <i>sengoku daimyo</i> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E4%B8%8A%E6%9D%91%E5%AE%97" class="extiw" title="ja:浦上村宗">Uragami Muramune</a> as an ally and fought Hosokawa Harumoto in a war called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Daimotsu kuzure</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%B4%A9%E3%82%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:大物崩れ">大物崩れ</a></span></span>)</span> in 1531, but was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-omono_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omono-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hosokawa Harumoto seized power, but he alienated Miyoshi Motonaga, who was his retainer but still held a strong position of power. Harumoto seduced the <a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-sh%C5%AB" title="Ikkō-shū">Ikkō-shū</a> into a <i><a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">Ikkō-ikki</a></i> against Motonaga, which resulted in Motonaga's death in 1532.<sup id="cite_ref-omono_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omono-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_rise_of_the_Miyoshi_clan">The rise of the Miyoshi clan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The rise of the Miyoshi clan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="2818" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Nagayoshi" title="Miyoshi Nagayoshi">Miyoshi Nagayoshi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Miyoshi Motonaga's son, <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Nagayoshi" title="Miyoshi Nagayoshi">Miyoshi Nagayoshi</a>, fought against Hosokawa Harumoto, but chose to subordinate himself to Harumoto. As a follower of Harumoto, Miyoshi Nagayoshi defeated <a href="/wiki/Kizawa_Nagamasa" title="Kizawa Nagamasa">Kizawa Nagamasa</a>, the most powerful member of the <a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_clan" title="Hatakeyama clan">Hatakeyama clan</a> who served as <i>Kanrei</i>, and in 1547 defeated the 12th shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiharu and <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E5%B7%9D%E6%B0%8F%E7%B6%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:細川氏綱">Hosokawa Ujitusna</a>, son of Hosokawa Takakuni, in the Battle of Shari-ji<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%AF%BA%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" class="extiw" title="ja:舎利寺の戦い">舎利寺の戦い</a></span></span>)</span>. This further reduced the power of the Ashikaga Shogunate. Miyoshi Nagayoshi was told by a retainer of the Hosokawa family that <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Masanaga" title="Miyoshi Masanaga">Miyoshi Masanaga</a> had played a dark role in his father's death, and he petitioned his lord Hosokawa Harumoto to overthrow Masanaga, but this petition was not accepted, and, in turn, Nagayoshi was almost eliminated by Harumoto. In response, Miyoshi Nagayoshi attacked and defeated Miyoshi Masanaga, expelled Hosokawa Harumoto, Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the 12th shogun, and his son Ashikaga Yoshiteru from Kyoto, and established control over the Kyoto area in 1549. After that, he fought several times against Ashikaga Yoshiteru, who became the 13th shogun, for control of the Kyoto area. However, one by one, his sons died in war or from disease, and the <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_clan" title="Miyoshi clan">Miyoshi clan</a> began to decline rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-nagayoshi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagayoshi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the 13th shogun, <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiteru" title="Ashikaga Yoshiteru">Ashikaga Yoshiteru</a>, the shogun already had few direct fiefs and direct military forces, and his sphere of influence was limited to a few lands around Kyoto, losing both economic and military power. As a result, Ashikaga Yoshiteru was often chased out of Kyoto by the <i>sengoku daimyo</i> Miyoshi Nagayoshi and his forces, and was finally killed in an attack by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Yoshitsugu" title="Miyoshi Yoshitsugu">Miyoshi Yoshitsugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matsunaga_Hisahide" title="Matsunaga Hisahide">Matsunaga Hisahide</a>. Ashikaga Yoshiteru was known as a great swordsman and was a student of <a href="/wiki/Tsukahara_Bokuden" title="Tsukahara Bokuden">Tsukahara Bokuden</a>, who was known as one of the strongest swordsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-kotobateru_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotobateru-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB_Munenori" title="Yagyū Munenori">Yagyū Munenori</a>, a swordsmanship instructor in the Tokugawa Shogunate, Ashikaga Yoshiteru was one of the five best swordsmen of his time. According to several historical books, including <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Fr%C3%B3is" title="Luís Fróis">Luís Fróis</a>' <i>Historia de Japam</i>, he fought hard with <i><a href="/wiki/Naginata" title="Naginata">naginata</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tachi" title="Tachi">tachi</a></i> during a raid, defeating many of his enemies, but eventually ran out of strength and was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trio<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%86" class="extiw" title="ja:三好三人衆">三好三人衆</a></span></span>)</span> of <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E9%80%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:三好長逸">Miyoshi Nagayasu</a>, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:三好宗渭">Miyoshi Soui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iwanari_Tomomichi" title="Iwanari Tomomichi">Iwanari Tomomichi</a> supported the young head of the clan, Miyoshi Yoshitsugu, in leading the Miyoshi clan. However, after the assassination of the 13th Shogun, the trio fell out with another Miyoshi follower, Matsunaga Hisashige, over the 14th Shogun, <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshihide" title="Ashikaga Yoshihide">Ashikaga Yoshihide</a>, and war broke out. The latter three also came into conflict with Yoshitsugu. The Miyoshi regime virtually collapsed when <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> entered Kyoto in 1568. Miyoshi Yoshitugu and Matsunaga Hisahide submitted to Nobunaga, but were later killed by Nobunaga's forces. The trio was weakened and the Miyoshi clan declined.<sup id="cite_ref-kotobasan_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotobasan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_regions">Other regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chūgoku_region_(Mōri_Motonari)"><span id="Ch.C5.ABgoku_region_.28M.C5.8Dri_Motonari.29"></span>Chūgoku region (Mōri Motonari)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chūgoku region (Mōri Motonari)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mori_Motonari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mori_Motonari.jpg/220px-Mori_Motonari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mori_Motonari.jpg/330px-Mori_Motonari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mori_Motonari.jpg/440px-Mori_Motonari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1935" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Motonari" title="Mōri Motonari">Mōri Motonari</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Motonari" title="Mōri Motonari">Mōri Motonari</a> was a <i>sengoku daimyo</i> who pacified the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku region</a> and is famous for his parable of the "Three Arrows", which explains the importance of clan unity. In his first battle, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arita-Nakaide" title="Battle of Arita-Nakaide">Battle of Arita-Nakaide</a> in 1517, he defeated the overwhelming majority of the Aki-Takeda clan with a small force, which later became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okehazama" title="Battle of Okehazama">Battle of Okehazama</a> in the West" as a battle in which a small force defeated a large army. Motonari became head of the <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_clan" title="Mōri clan">Mōri clan</a> in 1523 at the age of 27. The <a href="/wiki/Amago_clan" title="Amago clan">Amago</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_clan" title="Ōuchi clan">Ōuchi clans</a> were sharing power in the Chūgoku region at the time, and he switched the Mōri clan's allegiance from the Amago to the Ōuchi clan in 1525. Motonari destroyed the Takahashi clan by 1535 and ruled <a href="/wiki/Aki_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aki province">Aki province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwami_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwami province">Iwami province</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bingo_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bingo province">Bingo province</a>, and destroyed the Aki-Takeda clan at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koriyama" title="Siege of Koriyama">Siege of Koriyama</a> in 1541. Motonaga adopted his sons into the <a href="/wiki/Kikkawa_clan" title="Kikkawa clan">Kikkawa clan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kobayakawa_clan" title="Kobayakawa clan">Kobayakawa clans</a> to expand the power of the Mōri clan, and the three clans cooperated with each other. In 1554, Motonaga became independent of the Ōuchi clan, and after inciting the Ōuchi clan to internal divisions through political maneuvering, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Sue_Harukata" title="Sue Harukata">Sue Harukata</a>, who had been in control of the Ōuchi clan, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itsukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Itsukushima">Battle of Itsukushima</a> in 1555, and defeated <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Yoshinaga" title="Ōuchi Yoshinaga">Ōuchi Yoshinaga</a> in 1557, destroying the Ōuchi clan and pacifying Nagato and Suou provinces. Motonari destroyed the Amago clan at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gassantoda_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gassantoda Castle">Siege of Gassantoda Castle</a> in 1567, and then pacified <a href="/wiki/Izumo_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Izumo province">Izumo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oki_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Oki province">Oki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dki_Province" title="Hōki Province">Hōki provinces</a>, thus pacifying the Chūgoku region, and later extended his power to parts of <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>. He died in 1571 at the age of 75.<sup id="cite_ref-kotomori_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotomori-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toukenmori_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukenmori-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hokuriku,_Kantō,_and_Chūbu_regions_(Uesugi_Kenshin)"><span id="Hokuriku.2C_Kant.C5.8D.2C_and_Ch.C5.ABbu_regions_.28Uesugi_Kenshin.29"></span>Hokuriku, Kantō, and Chūbu regions (Uesugi Kenshin)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hokuriku, Kantō, and Chūbu regions (Uesugi Kenshin)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png/220px-Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png/330px-Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png/440px-Uesugi_Kenshin_Portrait_from_Uesugi_Shrine.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1546, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujiyasu" title="Hōjō Ujiyasu">Hōjō Ujiyasu</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Tomosada_(16th_century)" title="Uesugi Tomosada (16th century)">Uesugi Tomosada</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kawagoe_Castle" title="Siege of Kawagoe Castle">Siege of Kawagoe Castle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Later_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Later Hōjō clan">Later Hōjō clan</a> established its power in the <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a> (Nagao Kagetora) was a <i>sengoku daimyo</i> based in <a href="/wiki/Echigo_Province" title="Echigo Province">Echigo Province</a> who fought various <i>sengoku daimyo</i> and increased his power through aggressive invasions. After unifying Echigo in 1551, he invaded the Kantō region several times from 1552 to 1569 and fought against Hōjō Ujiyasu. He also invaded the territory of <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a>, who ruled <a href="/wiki/Kai_Province" title="Kai Province">Kai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinano_Province" title="Shinano Province">Shinano Provinces</a> from 1553 to 1573, and fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kawanakajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kawanakajima">Battle of Kawanakajima</a> five times between 1553 and 1564. In 1559, Kenshin had an audience with <a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Emperor Ōgimachi</a> and the 13th Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru. When <a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Yoshimoto" title="Imagawa Yoshimoto">Imagawa Yoshimoto</a> was killed by <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>'s forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okehazama" title="Battle of Okehazama">Battle of Okehazama</a> in 1560, the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%9B%B8%E9%A7%BF%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:甲相駿三国同盟">Alliance Kai-Sagami-Suruga</a> formed in 1554 between Takeda Shingen in Kai, Hojo Ujiyasu in <a href="/wiki/Sagami_Province" title="Sagami Province">Sagami</a>, and Imagawa Yoshimoto in <a href="/wiki/Suruga_Province" title="Suruga Province">Suruga</a> was broken. Kenshin used this as an opportunity to seize Hojo Ujiyasu's territories one by one, and cornered the Later Hōjō clan at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1561)" title="Siege of Odawara (1561)">Siege of Odawara</a> in 1561, but was unable to defeat them. On his return from the Siege of Odawara, he performed a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Tsurugaoka_Hachimang%C5%AB" title="Tsurugaoka Hachimangū">Tsurugaoka Hachimangū</a> and assumed the position of <i><a href="/wiki/Kanrei" title="Kanrei">kantō kanrei</a></i>. Kenshin made peace with Hōjō Ujiyasu, who ceded part of his territory to him in 1569, and made Takeda Shingen a common enemy of Kenshin and Ujiyasu, but Shingen died of illness in 1573. After Takeda Shingen's death, he fell out with Oda Nobunaga and destroyed the Noto Hatakeyama clan, which was close to Nobunaga, at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nanao" title="Siege of Nanao">Siege of Nanao</a> in 1577, pacifying <a href="/wiki/Noto_Province" title="Noto Province">Noto Province</a>. He then defeated Oda Nobunaga's forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tedorigawa" title="Battle of Tedorigawa">Battle of Tedorigawa</a>. However, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1578 at the young age of 49.<sup id="cite_ref-kotoken_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotoken-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toukenken_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukenken-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_changes_with_the_advent_of_matchlock_guns">Social changes with the advent of matchlock guns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Social changes with the advent of matchlock guns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg/220px-Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg/330px-Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg/440px-Gunsmith_Storefront_in_Sakai_Osaka_by_Akisato_Rito_1796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5953" data-file-height="3593" /></a><figcaption>Gunsmith storefront, <a href="/wiki/Sakai,_Osaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakai, Osaka">Sakai, Osaka</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the Portuguese brought the <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">matchlock</a> gun to Japan in 1543, it was mass-produced in Japan, and a gun called the <i><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_(gun)" title="Tanegashima (gun)">tanegashima</a></i> began to be used in wars. With the introduction of guns, a standing army of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ashigaru" title="Ashigaru">ashigaru</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">足軽</span></span>, foot soldier)</span> became essential to victory in war, making it impossible for small local lords to remain independent, and lands were consolidated under <i>sengoku daimyo</i> with vast territories, and battles between <i>sengoku daimyo</i> became more intense.<sup id="cite_ref-kotosen_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotosen-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, the organized use of large numbers of <i>tanegashima</i> (guns) was essential to winning the war. In order for the <i>daimyo</i> to win the war, they had to secure a large number of gunsmiths and arms dealers, import large quantities of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, the raw material for bullets, and <a href="/wiki/Nitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitre">nitre</a>, the raw material for gunpowder, conduct routine marksmanship training, and secure large quantities of materials for building war positions. It was Oda Nobunaga who did this most successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-proda2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proda2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He built Azuchi Castle at a strategic distribution point, brought several gunsmithing centers under his control, and established friendly relations with the Portuguese and merchants in <a href="/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai">Sakai</a>, which had become an international port. He examined the rice yields of the lands under his control and did not allow his retainers to take private ownership of the lands, leaving the management of the lands to his retainers. This made it possible to efficiently change territories according to the performance of the vassals, thus eliminating land disputes. In addition, he made it possible to form a standing army by assigning military service to each region according to rice production. He encouraged the economic activities of the common people. In this way, he rapidly increased his power.<sup id="cite_ref-proda3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proda3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-proda4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proda4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-proda5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proda5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oda_Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oda Nobunaga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azuchimomoyama-japan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Azuchimomoyama-japan.png/200px-Azuchimomoyama-japan.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Azuchimomoyama-japan.png/300px-Azuchimomoyama-japan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Azuchimomoyama-japan.png/400px-Azuchimomoyama-japan.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1738" /></a><figcaption>Japan in the late 16th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/220px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/330px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg/440px-The_Three_Unifiers_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The three unifiers of Japan: from left to right: Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu</figcaption></figure> <p>In and around the <a href="/wiki/Kinai" title="Kinai">Kinai</a>, the most politically important region in Japan, Oda Nobunaga allied with <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> to increase his power. Nobunaga defeated <a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Yoshimoto" title="Imagawa Yoshimoto">Imagawa Yoshimoto</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okehazama" title="Battle of Okehazama">Battle of Okehazama</a> in 1560 and moved to Kyoto in 1568 to support the 15th shogun, <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiaki" title="Ashikaga Yoshiaki">Ashikaga Yoshiaki</a>. Nobunaga defeated <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Yoshitsugu" title="Miyoshi Yoshitsugu">Miyoshi Yoshitsugu</a> in 1569, laid <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Hiei" title="Siege of Mount Hiei">siege to Mount Hiei</a> in 1571, defeated <a href="/wiki/Asakura_Yoshikage" title="Asakura Yoshikage">Asakura Yoshikage</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ichij%C5%8Ddani_Castle" title="Siege of Ichijōdani Castle">Siege of Ichijōdani Castle</a> in 1573, defeated <a href="/wiki/Asai_Nagamasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Asai Nagamasa">Asai Nagamasa</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odani_Castle" title="Siege of Odani Castle">Siege of Odani Castle</a> in the same year, and expelled Ashikaga Yoshiaki from Kyoto in 1573, thus destroying the Ashikaga shogunate. He overpowered the <a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Nagashima" title="Sieges of Nagashima">Nagashima ikko ikki</a> in 1574, defeated <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Katsuyori" title="Takeda Katsuyori">Takeda Katsuyori</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nagashino" title="Battle of Nagashino">Battle of Nagashino</a> in 1575, and defeated <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji">Ishiyama Hongan-ji</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji War">Ishiyama Hongan-ji War</a> in 1580. However, he was betrayed by his vassal <a href="/wiki/Akechi_Mitsuhide" title="Akechi Mitsuhide">Akechi Mitsuhide</a>, who drove him to suicide in the <a href="/wiki/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Incident" title="Honnō-ji Incident">Honnō-ji Incident</a> of 1582.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jkoda_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jkoda-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_clan" title="Mōri clan">Mōri clan</a> overthrew the <a href="/wiki/Ouchi_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouchi clan">Ouchi clan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku region</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_clan" title="Shimazu clan">Shimazu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otomo_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomo clan">Otomo clans</a> became major powers in <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>. In this way, regional unification was promoted.<sup id="cite_ref-jk061222_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toyotomi_(Hashiba)_Hideyoshi"><span id="Toyotomi_.28Hashiba.29_Hideyoshi"></span>Toyotomi (Hashiba) Hideyoshi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Toyotomi (Hashiba) Hideyoshi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></div> <p>Though a peasant by birth, <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> had risen through the ranks of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ashigaru" title="Ashigaru">ashigaru</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">足軽</span></span>, foot soldier)</span>, samurai, and <i>sengoku daimyo</i> under Nobunaga to become the most capable general of them all. When he learned that his lord Nobunaga had been effectively killed by Akechi Mitsuhide, he immediately made peace with the Mōri clan, who were in the midst of a battle, and turned his army back faster than anyone could have predicted, defeating Akechi Mitsuhide at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamazaki" title="Battle of Yamazaki">Battle of Yamazaki</a>. Hideyoshi avenged his lord's death only 11 days after Nobunaga's death. The men who had been Nobunaga's chief vassals discussed future policy at the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%A0%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:清須会議">Kiyosu Conference</a>, and Hideyoshi began his path to becoming Nobunaga's successor. In 1582, Hideyoshi defeated <a href="/wiki/Shibata_Katsuie" title="Shibata Katsuie">Shibata Katsuie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobutaka" title="Oda Nobutaka">Oda Nobutaka</a>, who had been enemies over Nobunaga's succession, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shizugatake" title="Battle of Shizugatake">Battle of Shizugatake</a>, and in 1583 he began construction of <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a>. In 1584, he fought bitterly against the allied forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oda Nobuo">Oda Nobuo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Komaki_and_Nagakute" title="Battle of Komaki and Nagakute">Battle of Komaki and Nagakute</a>, but was able to make a truce with Nobuo by making peace with him. In 1585, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsokabe_Motochika" title="Chōsokabe Motochika">Chōsokabe Motochika</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Shikoku_(1585)" title="Invasion of Shikoku (1585)">Invasion of Shikoku</a> and pacified <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>. In 1586, he became <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kampaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampaku">Kampaku</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">関白</span></span>, Imperial Regent)</span> and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-daijin" title="Daijō-daijin">Daijō-daijin</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">太政大臣</span></span>, Chancellor of the Realm)</span> for the first time in history, although he was not a native-born aristocrat. In 1586, he also succeeded in getting Ieyasu to swear allegiance to him. In 1587, he defeated the <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_clan" title="Shimazu clan">Shimazu clan</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB_campaign" title="Kyūshū campaign">Kyūshū campaign</a> and pacified <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>. In 1590, he defeated the Later Hōjō clan in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)" title="Siege of Odawara (1590)">Siege of Odawara</a> and pacified the Kantō region. In the same year, he forced the clans of the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku region</a> to swear allegiance to him and finally achieved the unification of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-jktoyo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jktoyo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kototoyooda_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kototoyooda-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tōhoku_region_(Date_Masamune)"><span id="T.C5.8Dhoku_region_.28Date_Masamune.29"></span>Tōhoku region (Date Masamune)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tōhoku region (Date Masamune)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Date_Masamune02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Date_Masamune02.jpg/220px-Date_Masamune02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Date_Masamune02.jpg/330px-Date_Masamune02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Date_Masamune02.jpg/440px-Date_Masamune02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Date_Masamune" title="Date Masamune">Date Masamune</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Date_Masamune" title="Date Masamune">Date Masamune</a> was a one-eyed warlord, a famous <i>sengoku daimyo</i> who is often said to have had the potential to unite the country if only he had been born 20 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-toukendate_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukendate-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-asahidate_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asahidate-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the head of the <a href="/wiki/Date_clan" title="Date clan">Date clan</a> in 1584, two years after the death of Oda Nobunaga, destroyed the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonmatsu_clan" class="extiw" title="ja:Nihonmatsu clan">Nihonmatsu clan</a> and other clans, and then in 1589, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suriagehara" title="Battle of Suriagehara">Battle of Suriagehara</a>, defeated the <a href="/wiki/Ashina_clan_(Japan)" title="Ashina clan (Japan)">Ashina clan</a> to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Aizu_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aizu province">Aizu province</a>, and continued to expand his territory to conquer most of the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku region</a>. On the other hand, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who had only the Kantō and Tōhoku regions left to unify Japan, enacted a law called the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sōbujirei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">惣無事令</span></span>)</span> in 1587, which prohibited <i>sengoku daimyo</i> from waging war against each other, and Masamune's conquest of the Tōhoku region was a serious violation of this law. After destroying the Later Hōjō clan at the Siege of Odawara, Hideyoshi wanted to destroy the Date clan and other <i>sengoku daimyo</i> in the Tōhoku region who were reluctant to show their deference. Hideyoshi had his subordinate <a href="/wiki/Maeda_Toshiie" title="Maeda Toshiie">Maeda Toshiie</a> question Masamune, who had arrived late to give the order to participate in the Siege of Odawara, but after hearing Masamune's bold attitude, he decided to meet with Masamune. Masamune showed his reverence by appearing before Hideyoshi in a pure white death robe, ready to be executed. Hideyoshi placed his staff on Masamune's neck and said, "If you had come a little later, you would have been beheaded," and Masamune pledged his reverence to Hideyoshi. He did not lose his life, only some of his territory was confiscated. He was later interrogated by Hideyoshi on suspicion of inciting a peasant uprising and participating in the rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hidetsugu" title="Toyotomi Hidetsugu">Toyotomi Hidetsugu</a>, but he defended himself with his usual courage and dignity and was not punished.<sup id="cite_ref-toukendate_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukendate-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotodate_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotodate-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was on the side of Tokugawa Ieyasu at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a>, and as the first lord of the <a href="/wiki/Sendai_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sendai domain">Sendai domain</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, he developed <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a> and laid the foundations of the city as the center of the present-day Tōhoku region. In 1613, he sent <a href="/wiki/Hasekura_Tsunenaga" title="Hasekura Tsunenaga">Hasekura Tsunenaga</a> as an ambassador to Europe, where he was granted an audience with the <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_V" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toukendate_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toukendate-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kotodate_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kotodate-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Time </th> <th scope="col">Event </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1454 </th> <td>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku_incident" title="Kyōtoku incident">Kyōtoku incident</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1467 </th> <td>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1477 </th> <td>End of Ōnin War. The effective independence of the <a href="/wiki/Iga_ikki" title="Iga ikki">Iga <i>ikki</i></a> is noted </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1482 </th> <td>End of Kyōtoku incident. </td></tr> <tr> <th>1485 </th> <td>The Yamashiro uprising results in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Yamashiro_ikki" title="Yamashiro ikki">Yamashiro <i>ikki</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1487 </th> <td>Battle of Magari: Rokkaku Takayori, assisted by ninjas from the Iga and <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka_ikki" title="Kōka ikki">Kōka <i>ikki</i>s</a>, defeats <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshihisa" title="Ashikaga Yoshihisa">Ashikaga Yoshihisa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1488 </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Kaga_Rebellion" title="Kaga Rebellion">Kaga Rebellion</a> establishes the <a href="/wiki/Kaga_ikki" title="Kaga ikki">Kaga <i>ikki</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" scope="row">1493 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Masamoto" title="Hosokawa Masamoto">Hosokawa Masamoto</a> succeeds in the Coup of Meio (Meio incident) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_S%C5%8Dun" title="Hōjō Sōun">Hōjō Sōun</a> seizes <a href="/wiki/Izu_Province" title="Izu Province">Izu Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Ashikaga shogunate destroys the Yamashiro <i>ikki</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1507 </th> <td>Beginning of the Ryo Hosokawa War (the succession dispute in the Hosokawa family) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1520 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Takakuni" title="Hosokawa Takakuni">Hosokawa Takakuni</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Sumimoto" title="Hosokawa Sumimoto">Hosokawa Sumimoto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1523 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ming_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Empire">Ming China</a> suspends all diplomatic and trade relations with <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> due to the conflict </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1531 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Harumoto" title="Hosokawa Harumoto">Hosokawa Harumoto</a> defeats Hosokawa Takakuni </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1535 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idano" title="Battle of Idano">Battle of Idano</a> The forces of the <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_clan" title="Matsudaira clan">Matsudaira</a> defeat the rebel Masatoyo </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1543 </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> lands on <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima" title="Tanegashima">Tanegashima</a>, becoming the first Europeans to arrive in Japan, and introduce the <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> into Japanese warfare </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1546 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kawagoe_Castle" title="Siege of Kawagoe Castle">Siege of Kawagoe Castle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hojo_Ujiyasu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojo Ujiyasu">Hojo Ujiyasu</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_clan" title="Uesugi clan">Uesugi clan</a> and becomes ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kanto_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanto Region">Kanto Region</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">1549 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Nagayoshi" title="Miyoshi Nagayoshi">Miyoshi Nagayoshi</a> betrays Hosokawa Harumoto </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan officially ends its recognition of China's <a href="/wiki/Regional_hegemony" title="Regional hegemony">regional hegemony</a> and cancels any further <a href="/wiki/Tributary_system_of_China" title="Tributary system of China">tribute missions</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1551 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tainei-ji_incident" title="Tainei-ji incident">Tainei-ji incident</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sue_Harukata" title="Sue Harukata">Sue Harukata</a> betrays <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Yoshitaka" title="Ōuchi Yoshitaka">Ōuchi Yoshitaka</a>, taking control of western Honshu </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1554 </th> <td>The tripartite pact among <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujiyasu" title="Hōjō Ujiyasu">Hōjō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Yoshimoto" title="Imagawa Yoshimoto">Imagawa</a> is signed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1555 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itsukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Itsukushima">Battle of Itsukushima</a>: <a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Motonari" title="Mōri Motonari">Mōri Motonari</a> defeats Sue Harukata and goes on to supplant the Ōuchi as the foremost <i>daimyo</i> of western Honshu </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1560 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okehazama" title="Battle of Okehazama">Battle of Okehazama</a>: The outnumbered <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> defeats and kills <a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Yoshimoto" title="Imagawa Yoshimoto">Imagawa Yoshimoto</a> in a surprise attack </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">1561 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kawanakajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kawanakajima">Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima</a>: The legendary battle between <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portuguese vessels bombard Moji at the request of <a href="/wiki/Otomo_Sorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomo Sorin">Otomo Sorin</a>, who fails to take it <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Moji" title="Siege of Moji">in a siege</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1562 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Omura_Sumitada" class="mw-redirect" title="Omura Sumitada">Omura Sumitada</a> converted to Christianity, becoming the first Japanese lord to do so. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1565 </th> <td>Portuguese and Japanese vessels belonging to the Matsura clan clash at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fukuda_Bay" title="Battle of Fukuda Bay">Battle of Fukuda Bay</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1568 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> marches toward <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> forcing <a href="/wiki/Matsunaga_Hisahide" title="Matsunaga Hisahide">Matsunaga Hisahide</a> to relinquish control of the city </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1570 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anegawa" title="Battle of Anegawa">Battle of Anegawa</a> and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji War">Ishiyama Hongan-ji War</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1571 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> is established as a trade port for Portuguese merchants, with authorization of <a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyo</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmura_Sumitada" title="Ōmura Sumitada">Ōmura Sumitada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1573 </th> <td>The end of the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1574 </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Rokkaku_clan" title="Rokkaku clan">Rokkaku clan</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka_ikki" title="Kōka ikki">Kōka <i>ikki</i></a> surrender to Oda Nobunaga </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1575 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nagashino" title="Battle of Nagashino">Battle of Nagashino</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> decisively defeat the <a href="/wiki/Takeda_clan" title="Takeda clan">Takeda clan</a> cavalry with innovative arquebus tactics </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1577 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tedorigawa" title="Battle of Tedorigawa">Battle of Tedorigawa</a>: The epic battle between <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a> against <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1580 </th> <td>End of the <a href="/wiki/Ishiyama_Hongan-ji_War" title="Ishiyama Hongan-ji War">Ishiyama Hongan-ji War</a>. Oda Nobunaga unifies central Japan under his rule </td></tr> <tr> <th>1581 </th> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_Iga_War" title="Tenshō Iga War">Tenshō Iga War</a> ends with the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Iga_ikki" title="Iga ikki">Iga <i>ikki</i></a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1582 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Akechi_Mitsuhide" title="Akechi Mitsuhide">Akechi Mitsuhide</a> assassinates Oda Nobunaga in the <a href="/wiki/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Incident" title="Honnō-ji Incident">Honnō-ji Incident</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hashiba_Hideyoshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashiba Hideyoshi">Hashiba Hideyoshi</a> defeats Akechi at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamazaki" title="Battle of Yamazaki">Battle of Yamazaki</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1583 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chosokabe_Motochika" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosokabe Motochika">Chosokabe Motochika</a> extends his power to all of <a href="/wiki/Shikoku_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikoku island">Shikoku island</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1584 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Yoshihisa" title="Shimazu Yoshihisa">Shimazu Yoshihisa</a> succeeds in controlling the entire <a href="/wiki/Kyushu_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyushu region">Kyushu region</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">1585 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Shikoku_(1585)" title="Invasion of Shikoku (1585)">Invasion of Shikoku (1585)</a>:Hashiba Hideyoshi conquest of Shikoku </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hashiba Hideyoshi is granted the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Kampaku</a></i>, establishing his predominant authority; he is granted the surname <i>Toyotomi</i> a year after. </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">1587 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB_campaign" title="Kyūshū campaign">Kyūshū campaign</a>: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats the <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_clan" title="Shimazu clan">Shimazu clan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> announces the first anti-Christian sentiment </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="row">1590 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odawara_(1590)" title="Siege of Odawara (1590)">Siege of Odawara</a>: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats the <a href="/wiki/Late_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Hōjō clan">Hōjō clan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toyotomi Hideyoshi achieves the unification of the entire country under the loyalty of the clans of Mutsu Province. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1591 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kunohe_rebellion" title="Kunohe rebellion">Kunohe rebellion</a>: Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the forces of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunohe_Masazane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunohe Masazane (page does not exist)">Kunohe Masazane</a>, unifying Japan under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1592–98 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1598 </th> <td>Toyotomi Hideyoshi dies </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1600 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a>: The Eastern Army under <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> defeats the Western Army of Toyotomi loyalists </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1603 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rokug%C5%8D_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Rokugō Rebellion">Rokugō Rebellion</a>: Satake clan under <a href="/wiki/Satake_Yoshinobu" title="Satake Yoshinobu">Satake Yoshinobu</a> takes full control of Kubota Domain </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1603 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> unifies all of Japan under his rule and establishes the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1609 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">Invasion of Ryukyu</a>: The Ryukyu Kingdom becomes a vassal state under the <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domain</a> of Japan </td></tr> <tr> <th>1614 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> is officially banned and all missionaries are ordered to leave the country for two centuries </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1615 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Osaka" title="Siege of Osaka">Siege of Osaka</a>: The last of the Toyotomi opposition to the Tokugawa shogunate is stamped out </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gekokujō"><span id="Gekokuj.C5.8D"></span><i>Gekokujō</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gekokujō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/330px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/495px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/660px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Japan in 1570</figcaption></figure> <p>The upheaval resulted in the further weakening of central authority, and throughout Japan, regional lords, called <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyōs</a></i>, rose to fill the vacuum. In the course of this power shift, well-established <a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">clans</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Takeda_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeda family">Takeda</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Imagawa_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagawa family">Imagawa</a>, who had ruled under the authority of both the Kamakura and Muromachi <i>bakufu</i>, were able to expand their spheres of influence. There were many, however, whose positions eroded and were eventually usurped by more capable underlings. This phenomenon of social meritocracy, in which capable subordinates rejected the status quo and forcefully overthrew an emancipated aristocracy, became known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">gekokujō</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">下克上</span></span>)</span>, which means "low conquers high".<sup id="cite_ref-enc_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest instances of this was <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_S%C5%8Dun" title="Hōjō Sōun">Hōjō Sōun</a>, who rose from relatively humble origins and eventually seized power in <a href="/wiki/Izu_Province" title="Izu Province">Izu Province</a> in 1493. Building on the accomplishments of Sōun, the <a href="/wiki/Later_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Later Hōjō clan">Hōjō clan</a> remained a major power in the <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō region</a> until its subjugation by <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> late in the Sengoku period. Other notable examples include the supplanting of the <a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_clan" title="Hosokawa clan">Hosokawa clan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_clan" title="Miyoshi clan">Miyoshi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Toki_clan" title="Toki clan">Toki</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sait%C5%8D_clan" title="Saitō clan">Saitō</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Shiba_clan" title="Shiba clan">Shiba clan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Oda_clan" title="Oda clan">Oda clan</a>, which was in turn replaced by its underling, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a son of a peasant with no family name.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Well-organized religious groups also gained political power at this time by uniting farmers in resistance and rebellion against the rule of the <i>daimyōs</i>. The monks of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo Shinshū">True Pure Land</a> sect formed numerous <i><a href="/wiki/Ikk%C5%8D-ikki" title="Ikkō-ikki">Ikkō-ikki</a></i>, the most successful of which, in <a href="/wiki/Kaga_Province" title="Kaga Province">Kaga Province</a>, remained independent for nearly 100 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_battles" title="List of Japanese battles">List of Japanese battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> – a similar period in Chinese history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis of the Third Century</a> – a similar period in Roman history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabukimono" title="Kabukimono">Kabukimono</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jp191129-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jp191129_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jp191129_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jp191129_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAkio_Tsunoda2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akio Tsunoda (19 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131030808/https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/132811/3"><bdi lang="ja">最長で200年説も！戦国時代とはいつからいつまでを指すのか？諸説をまとめました</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgakukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgakukan">Shōgakukan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/132811/3">the original</a> on 31 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%9C%80%E9%95%B7%E3%81%A7200%E5%B9%B4%E8%AA%AC%E3%82%82%EF%BC%81%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E3%82%92%E6%8C%87%E3%81%99%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%AC%E3%82%92%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F&rft.pub=Sh%C5%8Dgakukan&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.au=Akio+Tsunoda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmag.japaaan.com%2Farchives%2F132811%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jk061222-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jk061222_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206163952/https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=1930"><bdi lang="ja">戦国時代</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=1930">the original</a> on 6 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&rft.pub=Japan+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapanknowledge.com%2Fintroduction%2Fkeyword.html%3Fi%3D1930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307071317/https://gendai.media/articles/-/83871?page=3"><bdi lang="ja">意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 3/4</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Kodansha" title="Kodansha">Kodansha</a>. 18 June 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gendai.media/articles/-/83871?page=3">the original</a> on 7 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%E3%81%A8%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%8B%E5%89%8B%E4%B8%8A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%93%E4%BD%95%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%BB%E6%AE%BA%E3%81%97%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E5%83%8F+3%2F4&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgendai.media%2Farticles%2F-%2F83871%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307071419/https://gendai.media/articles/-/83871?page=4"><bdi lang="ja">意外と知らない「下剋上」とは一体何か？戦国時代の「主殺し」の実像 4/4</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kodansha. 18 June 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gendai.media/articles/-/83871?page=4">the original</a> on 7 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%E3%81%A8%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%8B%E5%89%8B%E4%B8%8A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%93%E4%BD%95%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%BB%E6%AE%BA%E3%81%97%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9F%E5%83%8F+4%2F4&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgendai.media%2Farticles%2F-%2F83871%3Fpage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shugosen2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shugosen2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317190415/https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/shugodaimyo-sengokudaimyo/"><bdi lang="ja">守護大名と戦国武将の違い</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/shugodaimyo-sengokudaimyo/">the original</a> on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E5%B0%86%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84&rft.pub=The+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-important-word%2Fshugodaimyo-sengokudaimyo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229075803/https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/202017?page=3"><bdi lang="ja">豊臣秀吉はなぜ「征夷大将軍」ではなく「関白」になったのか――秀吉をめぐる「三つのなぜ」</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun" title="The Asahi Shimbun">The Asahi Shimbun</a>. 24 September 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/202017?page=3">the original</a> on 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B1%8A%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E3%80%8C%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%86%E8%BB%8D%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%80%8C%E9%96%A2%E7%99%BD%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E2%80%95%E2%80%95%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89%E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%89%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E3%80%8D&rft.pub=The+Asahi+Shimbun&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdot.asahi.com%2Farticles%2F-%2F202017%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denver-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-denver_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-denver_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227175241/https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/blog/3-unifiers-japan">"The 3 Unifiers of Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Denver_Art_Museum" title="Denver Art Museum">Denver Art Museum</a>. 12 May 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/blog/3-unifiers-japan">the original</a> on 27 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+3+Unifiers+of+Japan&rft.pub=Denver+Art+Museum&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverartmuseum.org%2Fen%2Fblog%2F3-unifiers-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shugosen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shugosen_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shugosen_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317181933/https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/shugodaimyo-sengokubusho/"><bdi lang="ja">守護大名と戦国武将</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/shugodaimyo-sengokubusho/">the original</a> on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E5%B0%86&rft.pub=The+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-important-word%2Fshugodaimyo-sengokubusho%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyoto260523-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kyoto260523_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526102155/https://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/somu/rekishi/fm/nenpyou/htmlsheet/toshi14.html"><bdi lang="ja">応仁・文明の乱</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kyoto City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/somu/rekishi/fm/nenpyou/htmlsheet/toshi14.html">the original</a> on 26 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%9C%E4%BB%81%E3%83%BB%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1&rft.pub=Kyoto+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.city.kyoto.lg.jp%2Fsomu%2Frekishi%2Ffm%2Fnenpyou%2Fhtmlsheet%2Ftoshi14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nagoyaka-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nagoyaka_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314154053/https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/kakitsu-no-ran/"><bdi lang="ja">嘉吉の乱</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/kakitsu-no-ran/">the original</a> on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%98%89%E5%90%89%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-important-word%2Fkakitsu-no-ran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotomei-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kotomei_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kotomei_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kotomei_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328215137/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89-1830908"><bdi lang="ja">明応の政変</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89-1830908">the original</a> on 28 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%2598%258E%25E5%25BF%259C%25E3%2581%25AE%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25A4%2589-1830908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nagoyao-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nagoyao_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nagoyao_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nagoyao_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314154132/https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/7077/"><bdi lang="ja">応仁の乱</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/7077/">the original</a> on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%9C%E4%BB%81%E3%81%AE%E4%B9%B1&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F7077%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Streich, Philip. "Ōnin War (1467–1477)." <i>Japan at War</i>: <i>An Encyclopedia</i>, edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 296–297. <i>Gale eBooks</i>, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100191/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=56a79408. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Streich, Philip. "Civil Wars, Sengoku Era (1467–1570)." <i>Japan at War</i>: <i>An Encyclopedia</i>, edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 53–55. <i>Gale eBooks</i>, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100045/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=3f87bd69. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thornton, Sybil. "Ikkō Ikki." <i>Japan at War</i>: <i>An Encyclopedia</i>, edited by Louis G. Perez, ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp. 138–140. <i>Gale eBooks</i>, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2789100096/GVRL?u=psucic&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=b19f37eb. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMypaedia1996-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMypaedia1996_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMypaedia1996">Mypaedia 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū">Hōfu-shi Rekishi Yōgo-shū</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotosen-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kotosen_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kotosen_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201015131/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29-1555049"><bdi lang="ja">戦国時代（日本）</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29-1555049">the original</a> on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%88%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%2588%25A6%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%2599%2582%25E4%25BB%25A3%2528%25E6%2597%25A5%25E6%259C%25AC%2529-1555049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotoazuchi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kotoazuchi_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kotoazuchi_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225100029/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3-26020"><bdi lang="ja">安土桃山時代</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3-26020">the original</a> on 25 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%25AE%2589%25E5%259C%259F%25E6%25A1%2583%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E6%2599%2582%25E4%25BB%25A3-26020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meio-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meio_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/meio-no-seihen/"><bdi lang="ja">明応の政変</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%89&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-important-word%2Fmeio-no-seihen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-omono-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-omono_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-omono_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-omono_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929125449/https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/11089/"><bdi lang="ja">大物崩れ</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/11089/">the original</a> on 29 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A9%E5%B4%A9%E3%82%8C&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F11089%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nagayoshi-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nagayoshi_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/46488/"><bdi lang="ja">三好長慶</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E9%95%B7%E6%85%B6&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F46488%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotobateru-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kotobateru_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314235845/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E8%BC%9D-14302"><bdi lang="ja">足利義輝</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E8%BC%9D-14302/">the original</a> on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E8%BC%9D&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E8%25B6%25B3%25E5%2588%25A9%25E7%25BE%25A9%25E8%25BC%259D-14302%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230619125633/https://intojapanwaraku.com/rock/culture-rock/69688/"><bdi lang="ja">足利義輝の壮絶すぎる30年を約15000字で徹底解説。将軍としての使命とは。</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Shogakukan" title="Shogakukan">Shogakukan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intojapanwaraku.com/rock/culture-rock/69688/">the original</a> on 19 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E8%BC%9D%E3%81%AE%E5%A3%AE%E7%B5%B6%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B30%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%92%E7%B4%8415000%E5%AD%97%E3%81%A7%E5%BE%B9%E5%BA%95%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC%E3%80%82%E5%B0%86%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%82&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintojapanwaraku.com%2Frock%2Fculture-rock%2F69688%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotobasan-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kotobasan_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402181459/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%86-139812"><bdi lang="ja">三好三人衆</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%86-139812">the original</a> on 2 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%86&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E4%25B8%2589%25E5%25A5%25BD%25E4%25B8%2589%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E8%25A1%2586-139812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotomori-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kotomori_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317022808/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%83%E5%B0%B1-16902"><bdi lang="ja">毛利元就</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%83%E5%B0%B1-16902">the original</a> on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%83%E5%B0%B1&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%25AF%259B%25E5%2588%25A9%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%25B0%25B1-16902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toukenmori-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toukenmori_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417075126/https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/8100/"><bdi lang="ja">毛利元就の歴史</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/8100/">the original</a> on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%85%83%E5%B0%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F8100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotoken-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kotoken_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231225094255/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9D%89%E8%AC%99%E4%BF%A1-33780"><bdi lang="ja">上杉謙信</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9D%89%E8%AC%99%E4%BF%A1-33780">the original</a> on 25 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%9D%89%E8%AC%99%E4%BF%A1&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%259D%2589%25E8%25AC%2599%25E4%25BF%25A1-33780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toukenken-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toukenken_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417042219/https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/33844/"><bdi lang="ja">上杉謙信の歴史</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/33844/">the original</a> on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%9D%89%E8%AC%99%E4%BF%A1%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F33844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proda2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proda2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627010948/https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=2"><bdi lang="ja">なぜ武田､北条､今川はダメだったのか…小さな戦国大名･織田信長を｢天下人｣に導いた3つの要素 2/5</bdi></a> (in Japanese). President Online. 26 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=2">the original</a> on 27 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%EF%BD%A4%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A1%EF%BD%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AF%E3%83%80%E3%83%A1%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E2%80%A6%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%EF%BD%A5%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7%E3%82%92%EF%BD%A2%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%BA%EF%BD%A3%E3%81%AB%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F3%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0+2%2F5&rft.pub=President+Online&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.jp%2Farticles%2F-%2F58753%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proda3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proda3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627011048/https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=3"><bdi lang="ja">なぜ武田､北条､今川はダメだったのか…小さな戦国大名･織田信長を｢天下人｣に導いた3つの要素 3/5</bdi></a> (in Japanese). President Online. 26 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=3">the original</a> on 27 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%EF%BD%A4%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A1%EF%BD%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AF%E3%83%80%E3%83%A1%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E2%80%A6%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%EF%BD%A5%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7%E3%82%92%EF%BD%A2%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%BA%EF%BD%A3%E3%81%AB%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F3%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0+3%2F5&rft.pub=President+Online&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.jp%2Farticles%2F-%2F58753%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proda4-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proda4_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220714191335/https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=4"><bdi lang="ja">なぜ武田､北条､今川はダメだったのか…小さな戦国大名･織田信長を｢天下人｣に導いた3つの要素 4/5</bdi></a> (in Japanese). President Online. 26 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=4">the original</a> on 14 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%EF%BD%A4%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A1%EF%BD%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AF%E3%83%80%E3%83%A1%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E2%80%A6%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%EF%BD%A5%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7%E3%82%92%EF%BD%A2%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%BA%EF%BD%A3%E3%81%AB%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F3%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0+4%2F5&rft.pub=President+Online&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.jp%2Farticles%2F-%2F58753%3Fpage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proda5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proda5_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627011453/https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=5"><bdi lang="ja">なぜ武田､北条､今川はダメだったのか…小さな戦国大名･織田信長を｢天下人｣に導いた3つの要素 5/5</bdi></a> (in Japanese). President Online. 26 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.jp/articles/-/58753?page=5">the original</a> on 27 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%EF%BD%A4%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A1%EF%BD%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%B7%9D%E3%81%AF%E3%83%80%E3%83%A1%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E2%80%A6%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%EF%BD%A5%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7%E3%82%92%EF%BD%A2%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%BA%EF%BD%A3%E3%81%AB%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F3%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%A0+5%2F5&rft.pub=President+Online&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.jp%2Farticles%2F-%2F58753%3Fpage%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jkoda-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jkoda_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314100237/https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=31"><bdi lang="ja">織田信長</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=31">the original</a> on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7&rft.pub=Japan+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapanknowledge.com%2Fintroduction%2Fkeyword.html%3Fi%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jktoyo-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jktoyo_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314105037/https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=65"><bdi lang="ja">豊臣秀吉</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Japan Knowledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=65">the original</a> on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B1%8A%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89&rft.pub=Japan+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapanknowledge.com%2Fintroduction%2Fkeyword.html%3Fi%3D65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kototoyooda-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kototoyooda_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316063517/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B1%8A%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89-19047"><bdi lang="ja">豊臣秀吉</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B1%8A%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89-19047">the original</a> on 16 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B1%8A%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E8%25B1%258A%25E8%2587%25A3%25E7%25A7%2580%25E5%2590%2589-19047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toukendate-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toukendate_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toukendate_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-toukendate_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417055158/https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/29927/"><bdi lang="ja">伊達政宗の歴史</bdi></a> (in Japanese). The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touken-world.jp/tips/29927/">the original</a> on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=The+Nagoya+Japanese+Sword+Museum+Nagoya+Touken+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touken-world.jp%2Ftips%2F29927%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asahidate-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asahidate_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417055320/https://www.bs-asahi.co.jp/shiro_kenbunroku/lineup/prg_031/"><bdi lang="ja">伊達政宗</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">TV Asahi</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bs-asahi.co.jp/shiro_kenbunroku/">the original</a> on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97&rft.pub=TV+Asahi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bs-asahi.co.jp%2Fshiro_kenbunroku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotodate-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kotodate_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kotodate_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611111757/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97-93740"><bdi lang="ja">伊達政宗</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97-93740">the original</a> on 11 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97&rft.pub=Kotobank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E4%25BC%258A%25E9%2581%2594%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25AE%2597-93740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"Sengoku period"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Japan</i>. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56431036">56431036</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sengoku+period&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Japan&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56431036&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHōfu-shi_Rekishi_Yōgo-shū" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3-549884#E9.98.B2.E5.BA.9C.E5.B8.82.E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2.E7.94.A8.E8.AA.9E.E9.9B.86">"Sengoku Jidai"</a>. <i>Hōfu-shi Rekishi Yōgo-shū</i> (in Japanese). Hōfu Web Rekishi-kan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sengoku+Jidai&rft.btitle=H%C5%8Dfu-shi+Rekishi+Y%C5%8Dgo-sh%C5%AB&rft.pub=H%C5%8Dfu+Web+Rekishi-kan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%2588%25A6%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%2599%2582%25E4%25BB%25A3-549884%23E9.98.B2.E5.BA.9C.E5.B8.82.E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2.E7.94.A8.E8.AA.9E.E9.9B.86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHane1992" class="citation book cs1">Hane, Mikiso (1992). <i>Modern Japan: a historical survey</i> (2nd ed.). Boulder, Colo.: <a href="/wiki/Westview_Press" title="Westview Press">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1368-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-1368-9"><bdi>978-0-8133-1368-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Japan%3A+a+historical+survey&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-1368-9&rft.aulast=Hane&rft.aufirst=Mikiso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaplin2018" class="citation book cs1">Chaplin, Danny (2018). <i>Sengoku Jidai. Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu: Three Unifiers of Japan</i>. <a href="/wiki/CreateSpace_Independent_Publishing_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform">CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9834-5020-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9834-5020-4"><bdi>978-1-9834-5020-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sengoku+Jidai.+Nobunaga%2C+Hideyoshi%2C+and+Ieyasu%3A+Three+Unifiers+of+Japan&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-9834-5020-4&rft.aulast=Chaplin&rft.aufirst=Danny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1961" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Whitney_Hall" title="John Whitney Hall">Hall, John Whitney</a> (May 1961). "Foundations of the Modern Japanese Daimyo". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Asian_Studies" title="The Journal of Asian Studies">The Journal of Asian Studies</a></i>. <b>20</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Asian_Studies" title="Association for Asian Studies">Association for Asian Studies</a>: <span class="nowrap">317–</span>329. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2050818">10.2307/2050818</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2050818">2050818</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56154455">56154455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Foundations+of+the+Modern+Japanese+Daimyo&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E317-%3C%2Fspan%3E329&rft.date=1961-05&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56154455%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2050818%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2050818&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=John+Whitney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJansen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marius_B._Jansen" title="Marius B. Jansen">Jansen, Marius B.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bakumatsu.ru/lib/Making_of_modern_Japan_Marius_B._Jansen.pdf"><i>The making of modern Japan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00991-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00991-2"><bdi>978-0-674-00991-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44090600">44090600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+making+of+modern+Japan&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44090600&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00991-2&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=Marius+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakumatsu.ru%2Flib%2FMaking_of_modern_Japan_Marius_B._Jansen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorimer2008" class="citation book cs1">Lorimer, Michael (2008). <i>Sengokujidai: autonomy, division and unity in later medieval Japan</i>. London: Olympia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905513-45-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905513-45-1"><bdi>978-1-905513-45-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sengokujidai%3A+autonomy%2C+division+and+unity+in+later+medieval+Japan&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Olympia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905513-45-1&rft.aulast=Lorimer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMypaedia1996" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/戦国時代-549884#E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.E3.83.9E.E3.82.A4.E3.83.9A.E3.83.87.E3.82.A3.E3.82.A2">"Sengoku Jidai"</a>. <i>Mypaedia</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sengoku+Jidai&rft.btitle=Mypaedia&rft.pub=Hitachi&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%E6%88%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3-549884%23E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.E3.83.9E.E3.82.A4.E3.83.9A.E3.83.87.E3.82.A3.E3.82.A2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASengoku+period" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sengoku_period&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="//doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2023.2149514" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1080/03050629.2023.2149514">Warring-States Japan Battle Dataset</a> – 2,889 battles occurring within Japan during the Sengoku period</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Sengoku_Period/">Sengoku Period</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samurai-archives.com">Samurai Archives Japanese History page</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(In Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sengoku-expo.net/E/index.html">Sengoku Expo: Japanese Design, Culture in the Age of Civil Wars</a> held in Gifu Prefecture, 2000–2001</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(In Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/bk_1ran.html">List of the Sengoku Daimyos</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></i> (1334–1392)<br />(of <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromachi Period">Muromachi Period</a>)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a><br />Sengoku period </b><br /><b>1467–1573<br />(of <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Muromachi Period">Muromachi Period</a>)</b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></i><br />1573–1603</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prominent_people_of_the_Sengoku_and_Azuchi–Momoyama_periods661" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Sengoku_period" title="Template:People of the Sengoku period"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_the_Sengoku_period" title="Template talk:People of the Sengoku period"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_the_Sengoku_period" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of the Sengoku period"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prominent_people_of_the_Sengoku_and_Azuchi–Momoyama_periods661" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prominent people of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sengoku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a> periods</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara" title="Emperor Go-Kashiwabara">Go-Kashiwabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Go-Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three major <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiharu" title="Ashikaga Yoshiharu">Ashikaga Yoshiharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiteru" title="Ashikaga Yoshiteru">Ashikaga Yoshiteru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshihide" title="Ashikaga Yoshihide">Ashikaga Yoshihide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshiaki" title="Ashikaga Yoshiaki">Ashikaga Yoshiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_daimy%C5%8Ds_from_the_Sengoku_period" title="List of daimyōs from the Sengoku period">daimyō</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amago_Tsunehisa" title="Amago Tsunehisa">Amago Tsunehisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amago_Haruhisa" title="Amago Haruhisa">Amago Haruhisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asakura_Yoshikage" title="Asakura Yoshikage">Asakura Yoshikage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashina_Moriuji" title="Ashina Moriuji">Ashina Moriuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akechi_Mitsuhide" title="Akechi Mitsuhide">Akechi Mitsuhide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azai_Nagamasa" title="Azai Nagamasa">Azai Nagamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsokabe_Motochika" title="Chōsokabe Motochika">Chōsokabe Motochika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_Terumune" title="Date Terumune">Date Terumune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_Masamune" title="Date Masamune">Date Masamune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatakeyama_Yoshitaka" title="Hatakeyama Yoshitaka">Hatakeyama Yoshitaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Tadakatsu" title="Honda Tadakatsu">Honda Tadakatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_S%C5%8Dun" title="Hōjō Sōun">Hōjō Sōun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujimasa" title="Hōjō Ujimasa">Hōjō Ujimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Ujiyasu" title="Hōjō Ujiyasu">Hōjō Ujiyasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ii_Naomasa" title="Ii Naomasa">Ii Naomasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Yoshimoto" title="Imagawa Yoshimoto">Imagawa Yoshimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagawa_Ujizane" title="Imagawa Ujizane">Imagawa Ujizane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isshiki_Yoshimichi" title="Isshiki Yoshimichi">Isshiki Yoshimichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Yoshisuke" title="Itō Yoshisuke">Itō Yoshisuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitabatake_Tomonori" title="Kitabatake Tomonori">Kitabatake Tomonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuroda_Nagamasa" title="Kuroda Nagamasa">Kuroda Nagamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsunaga_Hisahide" title="Matsunaga Hisahide">Matsunaga Hisahide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyoshi_Nagayoshi" title="Miyoshi Nagayoshi">Miyoshi Nagayoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogami_Yoshiaki" title="Mogami Yoshiaki">Mogami Yoshiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%8Dri_Motonari" title="Mōri Motonari">Mōri Motonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Yoshitaka" title="Ōuchi Yoshitaka">Ōuchi Yoshitaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi_Yoshinaga" title="Ōuchi Yoshinaga">Ōuchi Yoshinaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctomo_S%C5%8Drin" title="Ōtomo Sōrin">Ōtomo Sōrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokkaku_Yoshikata" title="Rokkaku Yoshikata">Rokkaku Yoshikata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABz%C5%8Dji_Takanobu" title="Ryūzōji Takanobu">Ryūzōji Takanobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sait%C5%8D_D%C5%8Dsan" title="Saitō Dōsan">Saitō Dōsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sait%C5%8D_Yoshitatsu" title="Saitō Yoshitatsu">Saitō Yoshitatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai_Tadatsugu" title="Sakai Tadatsugu">Sakai Tadatsugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakakibara_Yasumasa" title="Sakakibara Yasumasa">Sakakibara Yasumasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satomi_Yoshitaka" title="Satomi Yoshitaka">Satomi Yoshitaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanada_Yukitaka" title="Sanada Yukitaka">Sanada Yukitaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanada_Masayuki" title="Sanada Masayuki">Sanada Masayuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanada_Nobuyuki" title="Sanada Nobuyuki">Sanada Nobuyuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satake_Yoshishige" title="Satake Yoshishige">Satake Yoshishige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagara_Yoshihi" title="Sagara Yoshihi">Sagara Yoshihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Yoshihisa" title="Shimazu Yoshihisa">Shimazu Yoshihisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Yoshihiro" title="Shimazu Yoshihiro">Shimazu Yoshihiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_D%C5%8Dsetsu" title="Tachibana Dōsetsu">Tachibana Dōsetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Nobutora" title="Takeda Nobutora">Takeda Nobutora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dd%C5%8D_Takatora" title="Tōdō Takatora">Tōdō Takatora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kagekatsu" title="Uesugi Kagekatsu">Uesugi Kagekatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kenshin" title="Uesugi Kenshin">Uesugi Kenshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Norimasa" title="Uesugi Norimasa">Uesugi Norimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukita_Naoie" title="Ukita Naoie">Ukita Naoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uragami_Munekage" title="Uragami Munekage">Uragami Munekage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamana_Toyokuni" title="Yamana Toyokuni">Yamana Toyokuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamana_Suketoyo" title="Yamana Suketoyo">Yamana Suketoyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kenjutsu" title="Kenjutsu">Swordsmen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marume_Nagayoshi" title="Marume Nagayoshi">Marume Nagayoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikita_Bungor%C5%8D" title="Hikita Bungorō">Hikita Bungorō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamiizumi_Nobutsuna" title="Kamiizumi Nobutsuna">Kamiizumi Nobutsuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Katsushige" title="Mizuno Katsushige">Mizuno Katsushige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaki_Kojir%C5%8D" title="Sasaki Kojirō">Sasaki Kojirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadashima_Akiyama" title="Tadashima Akiyama">Tadashima Akiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukahara_Bokuden" title="Tsukahara Bokuden">Tsukahara Bokuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsutsumi_H%C5%8Dzan" title="Tsutsumi Hōzan">Tsutsumi Hōzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB_Munenori" title="Yagyū Munenori">Yagyū Munenori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB_Munetoshi" title="Yagyū Munetoshi">Yagyū Munetoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmen_Munisai" title="Shinmen Munisai">Shinmen Munisai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D_Itt%C5%8Dsai" title="Itō Ittōsai">Itō Ittōsai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adviser" title="Adviser">Advisers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategist" title="Strategist">strategists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobayakawa_Takakage" title="Kobayakawa Takakage">Kobayakawa Takakage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuroda_Yoshitaka" title="Kuroda Yoshitaka">Kuroda Yoshitaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoe_Kanetsugu" title="Naoe Kanetsugu">Naoe Kanetsugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takenaka_Shigeharu" title="Takenaka Shigeharu">Takenaka Shigeharu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usami_Sadamitsu" title="Usami Sadamitsu">Usami Sadamitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamamoto_Kansuke_(general)" title="Yamamoto Kansuke (general)">Yamamoto Kansuke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ninja" title="Ninja">Ninja</a>, rogues and<br />mercenaries</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mochizuki_Chiyome" title="Mochizuki Chiyome">Mochizuki Chiyome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C5%ABma_Kotar%C5%8D" title="Fūma Kotarō">Fūma Kotarō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatsume_no_Tsubone" title="Hatsume no Tsubone">Hatsume no Tsubone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattori_Hanz%C5%8D" title="Hattori Hanzō">Hattori Hanzō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Goemon" title="Ishikawa Goemon">Ishikawa Goemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8D_Danz%C5%8D" title="Katō Danzō">Katō Danzō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirigakure_Saiz%C5%8D" title="Kirigakure Saizō">Kirigakure Shikaemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarutobi_Sasuke" title="Sarutobi Sasuke">Kōzuki Sasuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamura_(bandit)" title="Nakamura (bandit)">Nakamura Chōbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohama_Kagetaka" title="Ohama Kagetaka">Ohama Kagetaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugitani_Zenj%C5%ABb%C5%8D" title="Sugitani Zenjūbō">Sugitani Zenjūbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Magoichi" title="Suzuki Magoichi">Saika Magoichi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Shigeoki" title="Suzuki Shigeoki">Suzuki Sadayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Shigehide" title="Suzuki Shigehide">Suzuki Shigehide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Magoichi" title="Suzuki Magoichi">Suzuki Shigetomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Magoroku" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzuki Magoroku">Suzuki Magoroku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tateoka_Doshun" title="Tateoka Doshun">Igasaki Dōshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umemura_Sawano" title="Umemura Sawano">Umemura Sawano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a> and other<br />religious figures</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankokuji_Ekei" title="Ankokuji Ekei">Ankokuji Ekei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsa" title="Kōsa">Hongan-ji Kennyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hon%27inb%C5%8D_Sansa" title="Hon'inbō Sansa">Hon'inbō Sansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishin_S%C5%ABden" title="Ishin Sūden">Ishin Sūden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jion_(monk)" title="Jion (monk)">Jion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_Kashin" title="Koji Kashin">Koji Kashin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkai" title="Tenkai">Nankōbō Tenkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennyo" title="Rennyo">Rennyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessai_Ch%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Sessai Chōrō">Sessai Chōrō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimozuma_Ch%C5%ABk%C5%8D" title="Shimozuma Chūkō">Shimozuma Chūkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimotsuma_Rairen" title="Shimotsuma Rairen">Shimotsuma Rairen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimozuma_Rairy%C5%AB" title="Shimozuma Rairyū">Shimozuma Rairyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuan_S%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Takuan Sōhō">Takuan Sōhō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_castellans_in_Japan" title="List of female castellans in Japan">Female castellans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_Ujinohime" title="Ashikaga Ujinohime">Ashikaga Ujihime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yodo-dono" title="Yodo-dono">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyohime" title="Miyohime">Miyohime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munakata_Saikaku" title="Munakata Saikaku">Munakata Saikaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nene_(aristocrat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nene (aristocrat)">Nene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onamihime" title="Onamihime">Onamihime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otazu_no_kata" title="Otazu no kata">Otazu no Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Otsuya" title="Lady Otsuya">Otsuya no Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seishin-ni" title="Seishin-ni">Seishin-ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_Ginchiyo" title="Tachibana Ginchiyo">Tachibana Ginchiyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Onna-musha" title="Onna-musha">Female warriors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akai_Teruko" title="Akai Teruko">Akai Teruko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujishiro_Gozen" title="Fujishiro Gozen">Fujishiro Gozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Ichikawa" title="Lady Ichikawa">Ichikawa no Tsubone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeda_Sen" title="Ikeda Sen">Ikeda Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaihime" title="Kaihime">Kaihime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehime" title="Kamehime">Kamehime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakura_Kita" title="Katakura Kita">Katakura Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8D_Tsune" title="Katō Tsune">Katō Tsune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatsuhime" title="Komatsuhime">Komatsuhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushihashi_Teru" title="Kushihashi Teru">Kushihashi Teru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeda_Matsu" title="Maeda Matsu">Maeda Matsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Dki" title="Myōki">Myōki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myorin" title="Myorin">Myōrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numata_Jak%C5%8D" title="Numata Jakō">Numata Jakō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuruhime" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuruhime">Ōhōri Tsuruhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaji_no_Kata" title="Okaji no Kata">Okaji no Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oky%C5%8D" title="Okyō">Okyō no Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omasa" title="Omasa">Omasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni_Gozen" title="Oni Gozen">Oni Gozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigashi" title="Shigashi">Shigashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Shirai" title="Lady Shirai">Shirai no Tsubone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueno_Tsuruhime" title="Ueno Tsuruhime">Ueno Tsuruhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuki_no_Kata" title="Yuki no Kata">Yuki no Kata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Acha" title="Lady Acha">Lady Acha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akohime" title="Akohime">Akohime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_no_kata" title="Asahi no kata">Asahihime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Chaa" title="Lady Chaa">Lady Chaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikurin-in" title="Chikurin-in">Chikurin-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%8Dhime" title="Gōhime">Gōhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gory%C5%AB" title="Lady Goryū">Lady Goryū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuchida_Gozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuchida Gozen">Dota Gozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokuhime_(1559%E2%80%931636)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokuhime (1559–1636)">Gotokuhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsumaki_Hiroko" title="Tsumaki Hiroko">Tsumaki Hiroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Hayakawa" title="Lady Hayakawa">Lady Hayakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosokawa_Gracia" title="Hosokawa Gracia">Hosokawa Gracia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irohahime" title="Irohahime">Irohahime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumo_no_Okuni" title="Izumo no Okuni">Izumo no Okuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukei-ni" title="Jukei-ni">Jukei-ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Kameju" title="Shimazu Kameju">Shimazu Kameju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Kasuga" title="Lady Kasuga">Lady Kasuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keigin-ni" title="Keigin-ni">Keigin-ni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsuno" title="Kitsuno">Kitsuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konoe_Sakiko" title="Konoe Sakiko">Konoe Sakiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dz%C5%8Dsu" title="Kōzōsu">Kōzōsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgoku_Maria" title="Kyōgoku Maria">Kyōgoku Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dgoku_Tatsuko" title="Kyōgoku Tatsuko">Kyōgoku Tatsuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dun%27in" title="Kyōun'in">Kyōun'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsuhime" title="Matsuhime">Matsuhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megohime" title="Megohime">Megohime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_My%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Lady Myōkyū">Lady Myōkyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nait%C5%8D_Julia" title="Naitō Julia">Naitō Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%8Dhime" title="Nōhime">Nōhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odai_no_Kata" title="Odai no Kata">Odai no Kata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeyo" title="Oeyo">Oeyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oichi" title="Oichi">Oichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oinu" title="Oinu">Oinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohatsu" title="Ohatsu">Ohatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuraky%C5%8D_no_Tsubone" title="Ōkurakyō no Tsubone">Lady Ōkurakyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmandokoro" title="Ōmandokoro">Ōmandokoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono_Ots%C5%AB" title="Ono Otsū">Ono Otsū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctomo-Nata_Jezebel" title="Ōtomo-Nata Jezebel">Ōtomo-Nata Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikei" title="Rikei">Rikei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Saig%C5%8D" title="Lady Saigō">Lady Saigō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Sanj%C5%8D" title="Lady Sanjō">Lady Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seien-in" title="Seien-in">Seien-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seik%C5%8Din" title="Seikōin">Seikōin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senhime" title="Senhime">Senhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aya-Gozen" title="Aya-Gozen">Sentōin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobai-in" title="Tobai-in">Tobai-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Sadako" title="Toyotomi Sadako">Toyotomi Sadako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomo_(Toyotomi)" title="Tomo (Toyotomi)">Tomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Toida" title="Lady Toida">Lady Toida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokuhime_(1565%E2%80%931615)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokuhime (1565–1615)">Tokuhime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Din" title="Tōshōin">Tōshōin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Tsukiyama" title="Lady Tsukiyama">Lady Tsukiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamauchi_Chiyo" title="Yamauchi Chiyo">Yamauchi Chiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshihime" title="Yoshihime">Yoshihime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshihiro_Kikuhime" title="Yoshihiro Kikuhime">Yoshihiro Kikuhime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign people in Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Valignano" title="Alessandro Valignano">Alessandro Valignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Coelho" title="Gaspar Coelho">Gaspar Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Quaeckernaeck" title="Jacob Quaeckernaeck">Jacob Quaeckernaeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Joosten_van_Lodensteijn" title="Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn">Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ota" title="Julia Ota">Julia Ota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Fr%C3%B3is" title="Luís Fróis">Luís Fróis</a></li> <li>Soga Seikan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakita_Naokata" title="Wakita Naokata">Wakita Naokata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhi_(pirate)" title="Wang Zhi (pirate)">Wang Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adams_(pilot)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Adams (pilot)">William Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuke" title="Yasuke">Yasuke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_samurai_from_the_Sengoku_period" title="List of samurai from the Sengoku period">List of samurai from the Sengoku period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1041" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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