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class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Writing system</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> any conventional method of visually representing verbal or signed communication </div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Page</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Writing+system&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Change</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>writing system</b> (also called a <b>script</b>) is a system of symbols used to represent <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Language">language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are different kinds of <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Writing">writing</a> systems, with symbols that represent different things. For example, English uses an <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a> (the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>).</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:World_alphabets_%26_writing_systems.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/World_alphabets_%26_writing_systems.svg/500px-World_alphabets_%26_writing_systems.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/World_alphabets_%2526_writing_systems.svg/750px-World_alphabets_%2526_writing_systems.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/World_alphabets_%2526_writing_systems.svg/1000px-World_alphabets_%2526_writing_systems.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2714" data-file-height="1256"></a> <figcaption> Writing systems of the world today. </figcaption> </figure> <p>The fundamental principle is that symbols stand for sound, but there is more to it than that. The term "writing system" includes more than just (for example) an alphabet. Alphabets are part of a "graphic inventory" which includes <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punctuation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a>, <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diacritic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>, <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ideograms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideograms">ideograms</a> (e.g. numbers) and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logograms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Logograms">logograms</a> (standing for specific words such as $, & etc.).</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Types_of_writing_systems"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Types of writing systems</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Phonetic"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Phonetic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alphabets"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alphabets</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Abjad"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Abjad</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Abugida"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Abugida</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Syllabary"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Syllabary</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Logographic"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Logographic</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Direction_of_writing"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Direction of writing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Related_pages"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Related pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Types_of_writing_systems">Types of writing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Types of writing systems" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>There are many different types of writing systems. Each <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grapheme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grapheme">grapheme</a>, or symbol, can mean different things in different writing systems. Depending on what an individual symbol means, such as a whole word or a sound, each writing system is categorized as a different type.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Phonetic">Phonetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Phonetic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A phonetic writing system is one where symbols mean individual sounds (or <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoneme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a>). There are different types of phonetic writing systems.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Alphabets">Alphabets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Alphabets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See the main article: <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> </div> <p>A true alphabet is a writing system with symbols that mean both <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consonant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consonant">consonants</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vowel">vowels</a>.</p> <p>Examples of alphabetic writing systems are the Latin alphabet, (used in large parts of the world), the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> (used in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek language">Greek</a>), and the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> (used in many countries in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, where <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> had a major influence during the days of the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soviet_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Abjad">Abjad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Abjad" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See the main article: <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abjad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abjad">Abjad</a> </div> <p>Alphabets that only write consonants (and do not write vowels) are called abjads. The logic is that people in those areas know what vowels are used when the words are spoken. Many modern Abjads use optional diacritics to clarify their vowels, known as an <i>Impure Abjad</i> (less commonly, <i>Voiced Abjad</i> or <i>Alphasyllabary</i>). These are different from vowel letters in alphabets, as they are not written on their own but only as attached to a consonants.</p> <p>Examples of abjads are the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>, which is used in much of the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Muslim world</a>, and the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alphabet" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew alphabet</a> used for <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> languages like <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yiddish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>. Both of these abjads are written in lines that run from right to left.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Abugida">Abugida</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Abugida" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See the main article: <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abugida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </div> <p>Abugidas are alphabets where consonants are written as a symbol, and vowels are written as <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diacritic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>. Diacritics in Abugidas are mandatory, as the lack of diacritic implies a default vowel sound (e.g. क (k) in Devanagari is pronounced 'ka' with no diacritic).</p> <p>Examples of abugidas are many writing systems of <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southeast_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, such as <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devanagari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> (used in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Syllabary">Syllabary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Syllabary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See the main article: <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syllabary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syllabary">Syllabary</a> </div> <p>A syllabary is a writing system with symbols that each mean a <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syllable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syllable">syllable</a>. This is different from Abugidas, as syllables with similar consonant or vowel sounds do not necessarily share similar symbols (e.g. か (ka) and き (ki) in Japanese).</p> <p>Examples of syllabaries are <i><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiragana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a></i> and <i><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katakana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katakana">katakana</a></i> (used in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) and the <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee syllabary</a> (used in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherokee_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Logographic">Logographic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Logographic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See the main article: <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logogram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logogram">Logogram</a> </div> <p>A logography is a writing system with symbols that mean whole words or symbols that represent ideas. These symbols are called "logograms" or "logographs". In practice, no writing system is fully logographic: many symbols are combinations where one part represents the sound and another part represents the meaning. (e.g. 女 (nǚ), “woman”, and 马 (mǎ), “horse”, create 妈 (mā) "mother" in Mandarin Chinese).</p> <p>Examples of logographies are <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> (used in <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>) and <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hieroglyph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hieroglyph">hieroglyphs</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Direction_of_writing">Direction of writing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Direction of writing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Each writing system can be written in different directions. English (which uses the Latin alphabet) is written from left to right. Some languages, like <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, are written from right to left.</p> <p>Some languages, like <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> and Japanese, can be written vertically (from top to bottom).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: Related pages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_tool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Writing tool">Writing tool</a></li> <li><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constructed_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constructed script">Constructed script</a> - a writing system made by someone for a specific purpose</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Writing_system&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Change section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>change</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin H-J. 1994. <i>The history and power of writing</i>. Chicago University Press. <a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226508366?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-226-50836-6</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://simple-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diringer, David. 1965. <i>Writing</i>. London, Thames & Hudson.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10098651"> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img 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modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Contagious Owl" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1726665398"> <span>Last edited on 18 September 2024, at 13:16</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skryfstelsel" title="Skryfstelsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skryfstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A8%25E1%258B%2593%25E1%2588%2588%25E1%2588%259D_%25E1%258C%25BD%25E1%2588%2595%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2589%25B6%25E1%2589%25BD" title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9" title="نظام كتابة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام كتابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%2527escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%2527escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%258A%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0" title="Хъвавул система – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъвавул система" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%25C4%25B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25DB%258C" title="یازی سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یازی سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Tulisan" title="Sistim Tulisan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sistim Tulisan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25BBn-j%25C4%25AB_h%25C4%2593-th%25C3%25B3ng" title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D2%2599%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0_(%25D3%2598%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0)" title="Яҙма (Әлифба) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҙма (Әлифба)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Пісьменства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Пісьменства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588" title="लिखाई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिखाई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_nin_panurat" title="Sistema nin panurat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sistema nin panurat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582" title="Писменост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_(jezik)" title="Pismo (jezik) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pismo (jezik)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doare-skriva%25C3%25B1" title="Doare-skrivañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Doare-skrivañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%2527escriptura" title="Sistema d'escriptura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema d'escriptura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25C4%2583%25D1%2585" title="Çырулăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çырулăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_sa_pagsulat" title="Sistema sa pagsulat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sistema sa pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25ADsmo" title="Písmo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_ysgrifennu" title="System ysgrifennu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System ysgrifennu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_bee_%25C3%25A1l%25CA%25BC%25C3%25ADn%25C3%25AD" title="Saad bee álʼíní – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Saad bee álʼíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiri_(keeleteadus)" title="Kiri (keeleteadus) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiri (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A3%25CF%258D%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1_%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2586%25CE%25AE%25CF%2582" title="Σύστημα γραφής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα γραφής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Writing system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escritura" title="Sistema de escritura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de escritura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skribsistemo" title="Skribsistemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skribsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idazkera_sistema" title="Idazkera sistema – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idazkera sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7_(%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1)" title="خط (نوشتار) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط (نوشتار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likhaai" title="Likhaai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Likhaai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%25C3%25A8me_d%2527%25C3%25A9criture" title="Système d'écriture – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corys_screeuee" title="Corys screeuee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corys screeuee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2" title="Йоазув – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Йоазув" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AC%25B8%25EC%259E%2590" title="문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25AB%25D6%2580" title="Գիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF" title="लिपि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo" title="Pismo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoro_ide_ihe" title="Usoro ide ihe – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Usoro ide ihe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panagsurat" title="Sistema ti panagsurat – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panagsurat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrifletur" title="Skrifletur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skrifletur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_scrittura" title="Sistema di scrittura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di scrittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259B%25D7%25AA%25D7%2591" title="כתב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0" title="Джазма – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джазма" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="დამწერლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583" title="Жазу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevreyth_skrifa" title="Kevreyth skrifa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kevreyth skrifa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maandishi" title="Maandishi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maandishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%25C3%25A8m_ekriti" title="Sistèm ekriti – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm ekriti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_niv%25C3%25AEs%25C3%25AA" title="Pergala nivîsê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala nivîsê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scritura" title="Scritura – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Scritura" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roksts_(raksteiba)" title="Roksts (raksteiba) – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Roksts (raksteiba)" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_scripturae" title="Systema scripturae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema scripturae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakst%25C4%25ABba" title="Rakstība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rakstība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%25C3%25ABft" title="Schrëft – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schrëft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%25C5%25A1to_sistema" title="Rašto sistema – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rašto sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjrifsysteem" title="Sjrifsysteem – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjrifsysteem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemes_de_scrive" title="Sistemes de scrive – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistemes de scrive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjutussistiemu" title="Kirjutussistiemu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirjutussistiemu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_scritura" title="Sistema de scritura – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema de scritura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF" title="लिपि – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Писмо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="ലിപി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580" title="लिपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AD%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2590" title="ჭარალუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585_%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="سيستم كتابه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيستم كتابه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7" title="خط – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خط" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tulisan" title="Sistem tulisan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem tulisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%2595%25EA%25AF%2597_%25EA%25AF%2586%25EA%25AF%25AA%25EA%25AF%2595_%25EA%25AF%2583%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259B" title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF" title="लिपि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF" title="लिपि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Йоза – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skraft" title="Skraft – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manni%25C3%25A9the_d%2527%25C3%25AAcrithe" title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%25C3%25A8ma_d%2527escritura" title="Sistèma d'escritura – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yozuv" title="Yozuv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਲਿਪੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C" title="لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25DA%25A9" title="ليک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%25C3%25A8me_d%2527%25C3%25A9criture" title="Sistème d'écriture – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sistème d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_pisma" title="System pisma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System pisma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_scriere" title="Sistem de scriere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de scriere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C" title="Письменность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Письменность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2583" title="लिपयः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लिपयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writin_seestem" title="Writin seestem – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Writin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_i_shkrimit" title="Sistemi i shkrimit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi i shkrimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2585%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B6%25BB_%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25B8" title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588" title="لکت سرشتو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لکت سرشتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25ADsmo_(jazykoveda)" title="Písmo (jazykoveda) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Písmo (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisava" title="Pisava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="سیستمی نووسین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی نووسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Писмо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_(znakovi)" title="Pismo (znakovi) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pismo (znakovi)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjoitusj%25C3%25A4rjestelm%25C3%25A4" title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ng_pagsulat" title="Sistema ng pagsulat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistema ng pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%258E%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%2588" title="எழுத்து முறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்து முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Язу системасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Язу системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%25BF" title="లిపి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిపి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ระบบการเขียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบการเขียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582_(%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580)" title="Хат (навиштор) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хат (навиштор)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%25C4%25B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C" title="Писемність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Писемність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7" title="رسم الخط – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihsaw" title="Cihsaw – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cihsaw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25E1%25BB%2587_ch%25E1%25BB%25AF_vi%25E1%25BA%25BFt" title="Hệ chữ viết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ chữ viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="文字 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_hin_panurat" title="Sistema hin panurat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema hin panurat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="文字 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25A4%25D7%2598" title="שריפט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שריפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="文字 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem%25C3%25AA_nu%25C5%259Ft%25C4%25B1%25C5%259Fi" title="Sistemê nuştışi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemê nuştışi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%25C5%25A1ta_s%25C4%2597stema" title="Rašta sėstema – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rašta sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%25AD%2597" title="文字 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last changed on 18 September 2024, at 13:16.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple">CC 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