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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fy.wikipedia.org&uselang=fy" class=""><span>Donaasjes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Nije_ynstellings_oanmeitsje&returnto=Botany" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge in akkount oan te meitsjen en jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net" class=""><span>Akkount meitsje</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Oanmelde&returnto=Botany" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oanmelde</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> 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</div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Siden foar ôfmelde meidoggers <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Yntroduksje" aria-label="Mear witte oer bewurkjen"><span>mear witte</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_bydragen" title="List fan wizigings makke fan dit YP-adres ôf [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_oerlis" title="Oerlis oer bewurkings fan dit YP-adres ôf [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Begjin</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Skiednis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skiednis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Skiednis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skiednis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ynhâld" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Botany</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nei it artikel yn in oare taal gean. Beskikber yn 179 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аботаника – Abchazysk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аботаника" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde – Afrikaansk" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plantkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Switsers Dútsk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switsers Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8B%95%E1%8C%BD" title="ሥነ ዕጽ – Amhaarsk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ዕጽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Aragoneesk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علم النبات – Arabysk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم النبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علم النبات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم النبات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান – Assameesk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assameesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Asturysk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Azerbeidzjaansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Basjkiersk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buotan%C4%97ka" title="Buotanėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Buotanėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Батаніка – Wyt-Russysk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Батаніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wyt-Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Батаніка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Батаніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Bulgaarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बनस्पति बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बनस्पति बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boteni" title="Boteni – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Boteni" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান – Bengaalsk" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩི་ཤིང་རིག་པ། – Tibetaansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩི་ཤིང་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louzawouriezh" title="Louzawouriezh – Bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Louzawouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Bosnysk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Katalaansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Tsjetsjeensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaneg" title="Botaneg – Welsk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Botaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڕوەکناسی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوەکناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Korsikaansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebatiyat" title="Nebatiyat – Krim-Tataarsk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nebatiyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Tsjechysk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Tsjoevasjysk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Deensk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Dútsk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ގަހަވީ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގަހަވީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Βοτανική – Gryks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοτανική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Gryks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="nijsgjirrige siden"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Ingelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantoscienco" title="Plantoscienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plantoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Spaansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaanika" title="Botaanika – Estlânsk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Botaanika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Baskysk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="گیاه‌شناسی – Perzysk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvitiede" title="Kasvitiede – Finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Fijysk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanique" title="Botanique – Frânsk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Botanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaniche" title="Botaniche – Friulysk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Botaniche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luibheola%C3%ADocht" title="Luibheolaíocht – Iersk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luibheolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luibh-e%C3%B2las" title="Luibh-eòlas – Schotsk Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luibh-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schotsk Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Galisysk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27avokuaaty" title="Ka'avokuaaty – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ka'avokuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus-oaylleeaght" title="Lus-oaylleeaght – Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lailau_nahele" title="Kālailau nahele – Hawaïaansk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālailau nahele" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="בוטניקה – Hebreeuwsk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוטניקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuwsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուսաբանություն – Armeensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուսաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուսաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բուսաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Kroatysk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etid_plant" title="Etid plant – Haïtiaansk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Etid plant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Hongaarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Yndonezysk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Yndonezysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7" title="באטאניק – Jiddysk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באטאניק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaniko" title="Botaniko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Botaniko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Ingoesj" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Grasafræði – Yslâns" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grasafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Italiaansk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batani" title="Batani – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Batani" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/spaske" title="spaske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="spaske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Javaansk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ბოტანიკა – Georgysk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოტანიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnim%C9%A3an" title="Tasnimɣan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnimɣan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Kirgizysk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학 – Koreaansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نَباتیات – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَباتیات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riweknas%C3%AE" title="Riweknasî – Koerdysk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riweknasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losonieth" title="Losonieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Losonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanice" title="Botanice – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Botanice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nika" title="Botánika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Botánika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Lezgysk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantk%C3%B3nde" title="Plantkónde – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Plantkónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C4%81nika" title="Botānika – Letlâns" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Botānika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letlâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Malagasysk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Ботанике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ботанике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ – Birmees" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Macedonysk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സസ്യശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал судлал – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ургамал судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वनस्पतीशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वनस्पतीशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlanelhuayomatiliztli" title="Tlanelhuayomatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlanelhuayomatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Laagduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Laagduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="बोतानी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोतानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde – Nederlânsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plantkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanikk" title="Botanikk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Botanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanikk" title="Botanikk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Botanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanike" title="Botanike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Botanike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8D%DF%98%DF%8D%DF%B2%DF%9D%DF%8B%DF%B2_%DF%A0%DF%8E%DF%AC" title="ߝߍߘߍ߲ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ – N’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߍߘߍ߲ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botannie" title="Botannie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Botannie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Occitaansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinbiqila" title="Xiinbiqila – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinbiqila" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Ботаникæ – Ossetysk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ботаникæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botenii" title="Botenii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Botenii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Poalsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="باٹنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="باٹنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="بوټپوهنه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوټپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A2nica" title="Botânica – Portugeesk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Botânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sach%27a_yachay" title="Sach'a yachay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sach'a yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanic%C4%83" title="Botanică – Roemeensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Botanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Russysk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаніка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ботаніка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushakashatsi_ku_Bimera" title="Ubushakashatsi ku Bimera – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushakashatsi ku Bimera" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वनस्पतिविज्ञानम् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वनस्पतिविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Sardinysk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/But%C3%A0nica" title="Butànica – Siciliaansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Butànica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نباتاتيات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نباتاتيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Servokroatysk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servokroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnm%C9%A3ayt" title="Tasnmɣayt – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnmɣayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="උද්භිද විද්‍යාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උද්භිද විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Sloveensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Albaneesk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Servysk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Soendaneesk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendaneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botania" title="Botania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Botania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவரவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వృక్షశాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వృక్షశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Гиёҳшиносӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гиёҳшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พฤกษศาสตร์ – Thais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พฤกษศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаніка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ботаніка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نباتیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نباتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nega" title="Botànega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Botànega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="nijsgjirrige siden"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thực vật học – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planav" title="Planav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Planav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanike" title="Botanike – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Botanike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ბოტანიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოტანიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Sineesk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="植物學 – Kantoneesk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="植物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q441#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Yntertaalkeppelings bewurkje" class="wbc-editpage">Keppelings bewurkje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nammeromten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="De sideynhâld sjen litte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerlis:Botany&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Oerlis oer de sideynhâld (noch net skreaun) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalfariant feroarje" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Frysk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Werjeften"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botany"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=history" title="Eardere ferzjes fan dizze side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Helpmiddels" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Helpmiddels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Helpmiddels</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mear opsjes" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Botany"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=history"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemien </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Wat_is_hjirmei_keppele/Botany" title="List fan alle siden dy't nei dizze side ferwize [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hjirmei keppele</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Folgje_keppelings/Botany" rel="nofollow" title="De lêste feroarings yn siden dêr't dizze side nei ferwiist [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Keppelings folgje</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Bys%C3%BBndere_siden" title="List fan alle bysûndere siden [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Bysûndere siden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&oldid=1016269" title="Bliuwende keppeling nei dizze ferzje fan 'e side"><span>Fêste keppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=info" title="Mear ynformaasje oer dizze side"><span>Sidegegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Sitearje&page=Botany&id=1016269&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Op hokker wize dizze side sitearre wurde kin"><span>Dizze side sitearje</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBotany"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBotany"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ofdrukke/eksportearje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Botany"><span>Boek meitsje</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ut Wikipedy</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fy" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg/200px-Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg/300px-Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg/400px-Oryza_sativa_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-232.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/19e_iuw" title="19e iuw">njoggentjinde-iuwske</a> botanyske yllústraasje fan 'e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziatyske_rys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziatyske rys (noch net skreaun)">Aziatyske rysplant</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Botany</b> of <b>plantkunde</b> is de foarm fan <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> dy't him dwaande hâldt mei it bestudearjen fan <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">planten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biolooch" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolooch">Biologen</a> dy't har dêrop talizze, wurde <a href="/wiki/Botanikus" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanikus">botanisy</a> (inkeltal: botanikus) of plantkundigen neamd. De term "botany" komt fan it <a href="/wiki/Aldgryksk" title="Aldgryksk">Aldgrykske</a> wurd βοτάνη, <i>botanē</i>, dat "greide", "gers" of "foer" betsjut. Tadisjoneel omfiemet de botany ek: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology">bryology</a>, de stúdzje fan <a href="/wiki/Moassen" title="Moassen">moassen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levermoassen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levermoassen (noch net skreaun)">levermoassen</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haumoassen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haumoassen (noch net skreaun)">haumoassen</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fykology" title="Fykology">fykology</a>, de stúdzje fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Algen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algen (noch net skreaun)">algen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichenology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lichenology (noch net skreaun)">lichenology</a>, de stúdzje fan <a href="/wiki/Koarstmoassen" class="mw-redirect" title="Koarstmoassen">koarstmoassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykology" title="Mykology">mykology</a>, de stúdzje fan <a href="/wiki/Skimmels" title="Skimmels">skimmels</a> (ynkl. <a href="/wiki/Poddestoel" title="Poddestoel">poddestuollen</a>).</li></ul> <p>Hoewol't no dúdlik is dat algen en skimmels gjin planten binne, hearre de fykology en de mykology noch altyd ta it wurkmêd fan it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ynternasjonaal_Botanysk_Kongres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ynternasjonaal Botanysk Kongres (noch net skreaun)">Ynternasjonaal Botanysk Kongres</a>. Tsjintwurdich bestudearje botanisy sa'n 400.000 <a href="/wiki/Soarte" title="Soarte">soarten</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismes</a>, wêrûnder likernôch 260.000 soarten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faskul%C3%AAre_planten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faskulêre planten (noch net skreaun)">faskulêre planten</a> (<i>Tracheophyta</i>) en ûngefear 248.000 soarten <a href="/wiki/Blom" title="Blom">blommen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skiednis">Skiednis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Dielside bewurkje: Skiednis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Skiednis"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Botany giet werom op it iere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbalisme (noch net skreaun)">herbalisme</a> út 'e <a href="/wiki/Prehistoarje" title="Prehistoarje">prehistoarje</a>, wêrby't <a href="/wiki/Minske" title="Minske">minsken</a> besochten om ytbere, <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%AAskunde" title="Genêskunde">genêskrêftige</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gif (noch net skreaun)">giftige</a> planten te ûnderskieden en letter ek om dy te kultivearjen. Dêrmei is it ien fan 'e âldste tûken fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Wittenskip" title="Wittenskip">wittenskip</a>. Yn 'e <a href="/wiki/Midsiuwen" title="Midsiuwen">Midsiuwen</a> waarden yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%BBdet%C3%BAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krûdetún (noch net skreaun)">krûdetunen</a>, dy't faak oanlein waarden by <a href="/wiki/Kleaster" title="Kleaster">kleasters</a>, planten fan medisinale wearde ferboud. Letter kamen dêrút fanôf de <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>-er jierren de earste <a href="/wiki/Botanyske_t%C3%BAn" title="Botanyske tún">botanyske tunen</a> fuort, as ûnderdiel fan <a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">universiteiten</a> en oare <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bnderwiis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ûnderwiis">ûnderwiissintra</a>. Troch datsoarte tunen waard de wittenskiplike stúdzje fan planten makliker makke. It besykjen fan iere ûndersikers om harren planten te beskriuwen en te klassifisearjen stie oan 'e widze fan 'e <a href="/wiki/Taksonomy" title="Taksonomy">taksonomy</a>, en late yn <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a> ta it ûntstean fan it moderne <a href="/wiki/Wittenskiplike_namme" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittenskiplike namme">twanammige systeem</a> fan 'e grutte <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweedske</a> <a href="/wiki/Biolooch" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolooch">biolooch</a> <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a>, dat oant hjoed de dei tsjinst docht. </p><p>Yn 'e <a href="/wiki/19e_iuw" title="19e iuw">njoggentjinde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tweintichste_iuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweintichste iuw">tweintichste iuw</a> waarden nije techniken ûntwikkele foar it wittenskiplik ûndersyk nei planten, wêrûnder ferskate metoaden fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optyk (noch net skreaun)">optyske</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikroskoop" title="Mikroskoop">mikroskopy</a> en <a href="/wiki/Elektroanemikroskoop" title="Elektroanemikroskoop">elektroanemikroskopy</a>, dy't it waarnimmen fan libbene <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_(biology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel (biology) (noch net skreaun)">sellen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gromosoom" title="Gromosoom">gromosomale analyze</a> mooglik makken. Mei de moderne kennis fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekul%C3%AAre_erflikheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekulêre erflikheid (noch net skreaun)">molekulêre erflikheid</a> binne botanisy sûnt de <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>-er jierren dwaande west om it <a href="/wiki/Desoksyribonukle%C3%AFnesoer" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoksyribonukleïnesoer">DNA</a> fan plantesoarten te ûntraffeljen, sadat se akkurater klassifisearre wurde kinne. Oare moderne ûndersykmêden binne bgl. de stúdzje fan <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>, groei en differinsjaasje, <a href="/wiki/Fuortplanting" title="Fuortplanting">fuortplanting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biogemy" title="Biogemy">biogemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiisfertarring" title="Spiisfertarring">metabolisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sykte" title="Sykte">sykten</a>, ûnderlinge <a href="/wiki/Evol%C3%BAsje" title="Evolúsje">evolúsjonêre relaasjes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetika">genetika</a> en <a href="/wiki/Taksonomy" title="Taksonomy">taksonomy</a> by planten. </p> <div style="position:absolute; visibility:hidden; height:0; margin-top:1em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boarnen,_noaten_en_referinsjes"><span id="Boarnen.2C_noaten_en_referinsjes"></span>Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berjocht:Boarnen&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section's source code: Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </div> <table class="toccolours" style="font-size:85%; margin-top:1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; clear: both;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>Foar boarnen en oare literatuer, sjoch ûnder: <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany"><i>Footnotes</i>, <i>References</i> en <i>Bibliography</i>, op dizze side</a>. </p> <hr /> <div class="interProject" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botany" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Botany">Commons</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate plainlinks"><div id="commonscat" class="plainlinks" style="padding:5px;"> <table id="catcommonslink" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td id="commonsinfopict" rowspan="1" valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure> </td> <td id="commonslink"> Ofbylden dy't by dit ûnderwerp hearre, binne te finen yn de kategory <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botany?uselang=fy">Botany</a> fan <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Wikimedia Commons</a>. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Opfrege fan "<a dir="ltr" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botany&oldid=1016269">https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botany&oldid=1016269</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Kategoryen" title="Wiki:Kategoryen">Kategoryen</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Botany" title="Kategory:Botany">Botany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Biology" title="Kategory:Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Lienwurd_%C3%BAt_it_Gryksk" title="Kategory:Lienwurd út it Gryksk">Lienwurd út it Gryksk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dizze side is it lêst bewurke op 13 okt 2020 om 10.58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beskikber ûnder de lisinsje <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fy">Creative Commons Nammefermelding-Lyk diele</a>; der kinne oanfoljende betingsten fan tapassing wêze. 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