CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913528c3a8d9896b',cH: 'omWNGgC15y_xfxpRjb9MXqep5gr2syJyLHx5CP2HgiY-1739788826-1.2.1.1-qkUEp5LsHgmncs9M3aj6BNXWqfkkMNgtYiHmrhAkNU25sRgbMk8pYGrNOVM6Wg6R',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/58451\/seismic-retrofitting-of-rc-buildings-with-soft-storey-and-floating-columns?__cf_chl_tk=U4tPJZZbWfnfZXxJTL2krzmOLw_FVQaYItVAop3NTSI-1739788826-1.0.1.1-961LaCRXzW7vPSiI0MePPoH3imAT8ItFMtkpFve04fg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788826',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/58451\/seismic-retrofitting-of-rc-buildings-with-soft-storey-and-floating-columns?__cf_chl_f_tk=U4tPJZZbWfnfZXxJTL2krzmOLw_FVQaYItVAop3NTSI-1739788826-1.0.1.1-961LaCRXzW7vPSiI0MePPoH3imAT8ItFMtkpFve04fg",md: "9pmwo5CgQeqHFbzbWt7BH5dqBFjMxDbjWV52IwwScIA-1739788826-1.2.1.1-.8jQL95HB7KzmJx8pEG0PAv.CrkKKdgV9lMYfPAG0uktoADejcaK7Uiy2jaqrV.q8d3cDJ57o05fp2y3QYgevITHO.haBLdG0PpXQuICAQCUyoZUTPFOyBPrm8yR8EXwnu7_Sa61oA5Ag_2ks_KwZqC8hp6Q6Pzl8Ax8t0jnhcfyfA23XA6qXPh9zJ4y8sYR88YB1bDVoNmgzNikT34DPXELc0_r7YyjG1x1guJRdHQUsWecThDmZ9EpE9hCoqy1Di0.r8uHpoUAWLbJhFBaU7j8CGOFAJtpDzXAT9LFHYeoG0.weO8jEdkiQYkrXRBdxwOpKoeJ8.CZ_TAg6N9lnod7Pl2BX_JfUuWPRfWtcYnGhb3AsWNFhYo0E9k6VC0um0uVRiBL3CIK_Jp3c.DROzhY8mPYv1lHcTojo3AJ3Eqk1ckSpYluEuiLvGlx.dD56LfCtuDdLBq35NGacfgZbNs56.9P09t1l3GHq9L3c0.QrqVTpypjh8o68YSdcpM7hP1msQhCl8dR8kQObZ5.CoNL4SP10HN0MbpWBDp5r.gcKa9tNb4LOedPKTKJDCcTQwmNFbfPFHAglfQqmb5ujSjW9rOqWEdIUBBeuh.pT6Qy9XHNyJnGKu16UzptoT2L.rPCQoeUJJGkwKmBFk7oQSDGjoA6kWuKrBucpwGhEuI6tvnPwpSNizh4gJfuvfB4OeUEB.ykO.QahAgK4nAmA4fr.k4PvaPulNl_BlrV4zB8_tEjx75rerqFAPtSetELhLOvxzQLAptITywmnYsPVKzyS8A3DZuslEaiWMfv2zcPvTKlN4TMCXwdOkFwN_ghdtp8a8GQLAobrmLhDPZkI0MgVVZmklVi.Y1z1RWM61Ri7Tb_Zdn.WIRRjBjz7K0fFnx0.vzDOLFTcIHlP310VEcxbfqE0MhMAV8YVdbcfPmqQ5.VUTBQShdXGw_T2r6uJARC1DoBCEark2R6UyVONchFP65EDOp0MOPj6pidDgrsmB2Dd.IXpia4QYSxwLX9I1KSW2oXOdpyP1uLFMtVxu_dUDVO5WGIh4vdkl3hW7RMdo73Zvehy3FEG9qQS6BebRAg8jQcOkW5s9zWogFbeH0onkNljx8F_TzF5bG47mi.P0MSo.21DBUNcdcBT0ga2eafSCC5id01i6l8bepeKtz0sjtyo4b4CbN_KdH9ekJWb_z91vvk7xj4Hw4enAnqCxY_VGYliSqXcKaI6I9SDePerevwg2sg_F6ynHc40KOnnzUwQoI_cOO97XtxN3eq9i5t6jk4_VHapv4nai2jULPUNlVT5YRfAD3EI9HgmkKvJ._lGLlLr1JjcQdg0Xl2.9L8JhiTXNDCBjImiXJEzMA11koYeNUPf.NJBmoFkon1YL_CPnjk260WMbX3R4cH1CEQ.4RzemMGTGlTByXWvFIYQssAqtoTxwrvFUKyFs8PNtfOcLoSFLyz.rD7jCUJ384tRPywbE5rGzoKMmxnvSB_oO1YaubefLwNKMyOedOs2.z6l_D61.ygRkT2UnZMTYDjQ_OPXgjblF9ITjmNaUdlOhlkhIaKdMlLaw5AdYTGNiw4JK5K62ZNrwllWcQbjGCCTcG4nLKBdwXcHsa8G7Y91eVjoCtfHjsJkb84ZVfU4Q_XLutHZ.xG7fpZG4ekSfGSKWaZ0MGipBgrGrdziticmxVGIWBT8tWB48JlWZMZl5G5zu8De.OexHDq6xpVRUdR1QI73HZdG0LyLGlRJ2Euu_TQvXpZ9ZYGIo2CR_wV_TE93l_DOsDPb9ZwpnT.Z4pVrC1KRTfie0g_6HSWbQWgyzPtVaKXu0LwK4qkzNhuApoLFmnElSBhmq02iGvdFHIaqOjdD8_h7IetD2fOXvLk6RHM_yVTZ0NTA7Z6FrHYIF3dYlIDunRCHCWLtRnSAGOiwdXny73iSEOPihpXbQxe.dK2reLqYw4vawriX1RvLz9oupDsCjykDU8FzWrnGZcIYkhAp_x7LfFEJqFDC3sCQ42ifBvKkshmFZK16VNEYk9hiMUU0jJ6jki2EOt9Y1ELM7BR41OwP5n6tGCrGfCqXcJP33aKqjxzQYYNGAYFWl1EzNQtziIWCb1zvy5Y",mdrd: "PXGzJ.yucJAn4XKec1KhghKpsA2ZLJhZfqDZ7AJet6U-1739788826-1.2.1.1-K43.Cwu_sTahTcn5YyL97AogY18yom..yms_jtQCKSXpda7fPSqGTSNGqmJKVnWPISLSa5TdERE5shZ53UmMNJpTYkywXlBumzT.pwBmwy9GbaVKX1dra_c1_fFcz2ouoONpPmTExGkPXcARCKggE4S.JothIxd1Zl_RQ5DwBAsTQuXA2JhM58yQtxknD0R.rEdsIJTgnnX_75t5ylQcqBbyPD1njMlk6ekoxpWAj6b2nvGZDx.FiXT4P0NTvwEknd8yYb7LhQE_SlBQJFlgkph5bQNbnjCHNzt6exAMiOnh1nOLAiOEwcxVnTYAHlalxw.2NCGKbGq88bi7s86qYsxVM5Jpl.roHV0N1XmclQbtc.N9kclkDO9RJg0c6hDWbmDfjb20Qybf_mGa4Gd0e3EvVd7a._O7slSYcnKvzQhMf.EcYA3TfnhPsku7Yqqss9z3sBjnzDnDBeoJ4bAtYbC7Lk6E9367B4fMYqkbVk7FeYLvx7dhPzowy.6vSCxgxChiCoEgfYQ.WoFWh.Fx9ZBiDwy8eQBEfkN352XxFAbjbZ1zZQDquxxu7cZYZXavZbBtg3urgkBwjWf6.YEHgkhskyEMs1rrZEbiZbYZZ32QSFnK2olItQc213CrWT0f.HfrhfFmhGHuIvvjOB1CPY3F_aX5CiPgSvjvsVtxrtsws0V2msalAk0OR2g0OQ9GMPVJBFQD7ePlt6i3JKV5v9Nk9L7qdgkXPs.C778a3MRhJt68paqCBNCnjQlpJbeUsi1xBcbXEsvgnBfbAwqS67Iti6Rx.1FQqUJZ_1wgRhZiPK0QRUqa7q1Sm_USo..irg7eH76lW5QisXpsFG7jVxFuyj0h8oG7wCrhYr00_2mxrFypMV5R_xrbfmk7xJWEi1kUFUgv8cKTAv5gUCxMNQEPT1qKZn6Dk4x3EtYjcMwH9LEp5jMRzfUbcnlt6YG61Hm_Pj8PInRCe18QT8HydAqhA7aJtO3.1gT8ycAs36d5cIlBmrdrZttLQedt.vrXmjzetA4.FZBLJIpjU5fHUd6do2Vg18RU8aa06Ica44dBDwa3q9qp1ufW9dVgnS3BR0JcoYeG7qZiSnOBQSKg6DKkUZx8PFaYqUQ8twkqdS4HIrGE.HJjnylTCLifmAhIYfmII9DyOLI8z7BEUmLG.RWIbUieyW57KTskDOSiipFqYaWxTpZEM3gAR0P4KRjBgbPCRnKw73xLQ27J1y9HRq3gjuRVpGvzp2orSl6R_VnLwit5JD1.6TpKcdb6yPxnaSVYAzp0VXUilyMxuYdCpIniXfdFQFFem.i18r_Y6abVneWG0ErabxBkthwPa_s.7OBv3hCgpGzg87.u1ZMaVk4icFgVlPCfHnjd8JYtFlFmSZx7slQxRQD6ZpiTah7qdcnuj9N_RgUj_CO31J7cOd0pbdLIH6NNosnByuAco0gbTfg.iz0noqjkRiQtGjE_0vrc8dP03zv7DyBLRfpRyIBu6IW1xUZNfIB55k.SymNFjUVhcNIpNl9uBIG0OTP1FgsCAAbjuQ85hVAO9Xu1c72s_ZOD9sHKDxcwQfsCiPmsm42JGIA6cOUpv41HqqudhdIq2ti24n__rKhsqGW7ODGXSQ5lgZGXEhxTe_D1PyDXr7ZZpA3ViZrDfs.SE6wvAfjdcI8R.Q4pThVBqE2VBwoemo.45BQn7FL9UpV1SONwhxAgPAXyhS7iQJSX1gocPLcecXU8y4Lx1VOu0Is4zVuTBQWUQlLEqz7FCdv0Rogco7lCidB2Ab1CJ6uqQjOXGfjAuL80q07JVWZlwkGtxCbbAfA4hzla.0ox9jNJMe326SK4DxU8_Fce6DfQX2ZDxEe3Y0BUX7_bQcMQIN9dL8EL3mwH6ggcwdz77okkHFpYP5do89F92xxj7aliC7To1RgIr3D11FPEpuM4_8q3qVIZpVv82lbt.biLG.Fk5.D1smk5ttj1xpfxtjqo5ek8EVojRYG9MjwLxkq0yAy5Kw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913528c3a8d9896b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/58451\/seismic-retrofitting-of-rc-buildings-with-soft-storey-and-floating-columns?__cf_chl_rt_tk=U4tPJZZbWfnfZXxJTL2krzmOLw_FVQaYItVAop3NTSI-1739788826-1.0.1.1-961LaCRXzW7vPSiI0MePPoH3imAT8ItFMtkpFve04fg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>