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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Nara_and_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Nara_and_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Nara and origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Nara_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Religion and temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Nara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Nara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern Nara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Nara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Landmarks and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buddhist_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhist_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Buddhist temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhist_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shinto_shrines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinto_shrines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Shinto shrines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinto_shrines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_imperial_palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_imperial_palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Former imperial palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_imperial_palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deer_in_Nara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deer_in_Nara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Deer in Nara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deer_in_Nara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Primary and secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Public schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Private schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Domestic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nara (city)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="نارا (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نارا (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Nara (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nara (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86)" title="نارا (ژاپن) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نارا (ژاپن)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara-chh%C4%AB" title="Nara-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nara-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Нара (ҡала) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нара (ҡала)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Нара (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нара (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Jap%C3%B3)" title="Nara (Japó) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nara (Japó)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara-shi_(distrito)" title="Nara-shi (distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nara-shi (distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Νάρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νάρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Nara)" title="Nara (Nara) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nara (Nara)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="نارا (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نارا (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nai-li%C3%B2ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Nai-liòng-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nai-liòng-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="나라시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나라시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Նարա (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նարա (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Japan)" title="Nara (Japan) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nara (Japan)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="נארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="ნარა (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნარა (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Japonija)" title="Nara (Japonija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nara (Japonija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Jap%C3%A1n)" title="Nara (Japán) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nara (Japán)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Нара (Јапонија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нара (Јапонија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نارا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نارا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(stad)" title="Nara (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nara (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="奈良市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Нара (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нара (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(by)" title="Nara (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nara (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(miasto_w_Japonii)" title="Nara (miasto w Japonii) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nara (miasto w Japonii)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(cidade)" title="Nara (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nara (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Нара (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нара (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F,_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="නාරා, නාරා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාරා, නාරා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(Nara)" title="Nara (Nara) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nara (Nara)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(mesto)" title="Nara (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nara (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(mjasto_we_Jap%C5%AF%C5%84iji)" title="Nara (mjasto we Japůńiji) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nara (mjasto we Japůńiji)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Nara" title="Nara, Nara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nara, Nara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Nara" title="Lungsod ng Nara – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod ng Nara" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Нара (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нара (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87)" title="นาระ (เมือง) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาระ (เมือง)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara" title="Nara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نارا، نارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نارا، نارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91)" title="Nara (thành phố) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nara (thành phố)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="奈良市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_(syudad)" title="Nara (syudad) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nara (syudad)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奈良市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奈良市" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nara_(city)&params=34_41_04_N_135_48_18_E_region:JP-29_type:city(367,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°41′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">135°48′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.68444°N 135.80500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.68444; 135.80500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Nara prefecture, Japan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Core city in Kansai, Japan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nara</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈良市</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Core_cities_of_Japan" title="Core cities of Japan">Core city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nara City</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:214px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Todai-ji temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/268px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/402px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/536px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div style="border:1;;height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Toshodai-ji temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/183px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/275px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/366px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4290" data-file-height="2860" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="border:1;;height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yakushi-ji temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg/81px-Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg/122px-Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg/162px-Yakushiji_Nara11s5bs4200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Deer in Nara Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg/132px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg/198px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg/264px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The garden of the former Daijyo-in temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg/132px-Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg/198px-Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg/264px-Kyu-Daijoin-teien05o4272.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kasuga-taisha,_chumon-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kasuga-taisha shrine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg/268px-Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg/402px-Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg/536px-Kasuga-taisha%2C_chumon-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6014" data-file-height="3998" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top left: <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Todai-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshodai-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshodai-ji">Toshodai-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">sika deer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Park" title="Nara Park">Nara Park</a>, the garden of the former Daijyo-in and <a href="/wiki/Kasuga-taisha" title="Kasuga-taisha">Kasuga-Taisha</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nara,_Nara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Nara"><img alt="Flag of Nara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/100px-Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/200px-Flag_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Nara,_Nara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Nara"><img alt="Official seal of Nara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Nara%2C_Nara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_d43f043bee0589961165649db0ced2d9120c43d8"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nara_%28city%29&revid=1260944196&groups=_d43f043bee0589961165649db0ced2d9120c43d8" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Nara_%28city%29&revid=1260944196&groups=_d43f043bee0589961165649db0ced2d9120c43d8 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Nara in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg/250px-Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg/375px-Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg/500px-Nara_in_Nara_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nara is located in Japan"><img alt="Nara is located in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/250px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/375px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/500px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="373" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.553%;left:35.972%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nara"><img alt="Nara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Nara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Japan</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nara_(city)&params=34_41_04_N_135_48_18_E_region:JP-29_type:city(367,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°41′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">135°48′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.68444°N 135.80500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.68444; 135.80500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Japan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gen_Nakagawa" title="Gen Nakagawa">Gen Nakagawa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">276.84 km<sup>2</sup> (106.89 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">367,353<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B09:00" title="UTC+09:00">UTC+09:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City hall address</th><td class="infobox-data">1-1-1 Nijō-ōji, Nara-shi, Nara-ken<br />630-8580</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.nara.lg.jp/site/userguide/list397-1044.html">City of Nara</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_bush_warbler" title="Japanese bush warbler">Japanese bush warbler</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data">Nara <a href="/wiki/Yaezakura" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaezakura">yaezakura</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_gilva" title="Quercus gilva">Quercus gilva</a></i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Nara" title="Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara">Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Includes</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4dai-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tôdai-ji">Tôdai-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B4fuku-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Kôfuku-ji">Kôfuku-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasuga-Taisha">Kasuga-Taisha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kasugayama_Primeval_Forest" title="Kasugayama Primeval Forest">Kasugayama Primeval Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang%C3%B4-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangô-ji">Gangô-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4sh%C3%B4dai-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tôshôdai-ji">Tôshôdai-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Palace_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara Palace Site">Nara Palace Site</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/870">870</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1998 (22nd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">617 ha (1,520 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">1,962.5 ha (4,849 acres)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nara</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈良市</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nara-shi</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[naꜜɾa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/42\/TomJ-Nara.ogg\/TomJ-Nara.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"TomJ-Nara.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/TomJ-Nara.ogg/TomJ-Nara.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:TomJ-Nara.ogg" title="File:TomJ-Nara.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</span> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the <a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>. Nara is a <a href="/wiki/Core_cities_of_Japan" title="Core cities of Japan">core city</a> located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto Prefecture</a>. </p><p>Nara was the capital of Japan during the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> from 710 to 794 as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> before the capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Tōdai-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saidai-ji" title="Saidai-ji">Saidai-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-ji" title="Kōfuku-ji">Kōfuku-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasuga-taisha" title="Kasuga-taisha">Kasuga Shrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gang%C5%8D-ji" title="Gangō-ji">Gangō-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōshōdai-ji">Tōshōdai-ji</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Kasugayama_Primeval_Forest" title="Kasugayama Primeval Forest">Kasugayama Primeval Forest</a>, collectively form the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Nara" title="Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara">Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>, a variety of different characters had been used to represent the name Nara: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">乃楽</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">乃羅</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平城</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名良</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈良</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奈羅</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">常</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">那良</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">那楽</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">那羅</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">楢</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">諾良</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">諾楽</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寧</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寧楽</span></span> and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">儺羅</span></span>. </p><p>A number of theories for the origin of the name "Nara" have been proposed, and some of the better-known ones are listed here. The second theory in the list, from the notable folklorist <a href="/wiki/Kunio_Yanagita" title="Kunio Yanagita">Kunio Yanagita</a> (1875–1962), is most widely accepted at present. </p> <ul><li>The <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i></span> (<i>The Chronicles of Japan</i>, the second oldest book of classical Japanese history) suggests that "Nara" was derived from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E3%81%99" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:平す">narasu</a></i> (to flatten, to level). According to this account, in September in the tenth year of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sujin" title="Emperor Sujin">Emperor Sujin</a>, "leading selected soldiers (the rebels) went forward, climbed Nara-yama (hills lying to the north of <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D-ky%C5%8D" title="Heijō-kyō">Heijō-kyō</a>) and put them in order. Now the imperial forces gathered and flattened trees and plants. Therefore the mountain is called Nara-yama." Though the narrative itself is regarded as a folk etymology and few researchers regard it as historical, this is the oldest surviving suggestion, and is linguistically similar to the following theory by Yanagita.</li> <li>"Flat land" theory (currently most widely accepted): In his 1936 study of placenames,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the author <a href="/wiki/Kunio_Yanagita" title="Kunio Yanagita">Kunio Yanagita</a> states that "the topographical feature of an area of relatively gentle gradient on the side of a mountain, which is called <i>taira</i> in eastern Japan and <i>hae</i> in the south of <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>, is called <i>naru</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> (central Japan). This word gives rise to the verb <i>narasu</i>, adverb <i>narashi</i>, and adjective <i>narushi</i>." This is supported by entries in a dialect dictionary<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for nouns referring to flat areas: <i>naru</i> (found in <a href="/wiki/Aida_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Aida District">Aida District</a>, Okayama Prefecture and <a href="/wiki/Ketaka_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketaka District">Ketaka District</a>, Tottori Prefecture) and <i>naro</i> (found in <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Prefecture" title="Kōchi Prefecture">Kōchi Prefecture</a>); and also by an adjective <i>narui</i> which is not standard Japanese, but is found all across central Japan, with meanings of "gentle", "gently sloping", or "easy". Yanagita further comments that the way in which the fact that so many of these placenames are written using the character <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平</span></span> ("flat"), or other characters in which it is an element, demonstrates the validity of this theory. Citing a 1795 document, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Inaba-shi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">因幡志</span></span>)</span> from the province of Inaba, the eastern part of modern <a href="/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture" title="Tottori Prefecture">Tottori</a>, as indicating the reading <i>naruji</i> for the word 平地 (standard reading <i>heichi</i>, meaning "level/flat ground/land/country, a plain"), Yanagita suggests that <i>naruji</i> would have been used as a common noun there until the modern period. Of course, the fact that historically "Nara" was also written <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平城</span></span> as above is further support for this theory.</li> <li>The idea that Nara is derived from <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">楢</span></span> <i>nara</i> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> for "oak, deciduous <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus">Quercus</a></i> spp.") is the next most common opinion. This idea was suggested by a linguist, Yoshida Togo.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This noun for the plant can be seen as early as in <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a> (7–8th century) and <a href="/wiki/Fudoki" title="Fudoki">Harima-no-kuni Fudoki</a> (715). The latter book states the place name <i>Narahara</i> in <a href="/wiki/Harima_Province" title="Harima Province">Harima</a> (around present-day <a href="/wiki/Kasai,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Kasai, Hyōgo">Kasai</a>) derives from this <i>nara</i> tree, which might support Yoshida's theory. Note that the name of the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Kashihara,_Nara" title="Kashihara, Nara">Kashihara</a> (literally "live oak plain") contains a semantically similar morpheme (Japanese <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">橿</span></span> <i>kashi</i> "live oak, evergreen <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus">Quercus</a></i> spp.").</li> <li>Nara could be a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from <a href="/wiki/Old_Korean" title="Old Korean">Old Korean</a>, related to Middle Korean <i>narah</i> and Modern <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> <i>nara</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:나라">나라</a></span></span>: "country", "nation", "kingdom"). This idea was put forward by the linguist <a href="/wiki/Shizuo_Matsuoka" title="Shizuo Matsuoka">Matsuoka Shizuo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American linguist <a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Martin" title="Samuel E. Martin">Samuel E. Martin</a> notes that the earliest attestation of this word in Korean sources—given in an eighth-century <i><a href="/wiki/Hyangga" title="Hyangga">hyangga</a></i> text, in the <a href="/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)" title="Phonogram (linguistics)">phonogramic</a> form <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%83%A1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:國惡">國惡</a></span></span>—should be read as <i>NAL[A-]ak</i>. This is similar to the form implied by the Old Japanese writings of Nara that transcribe the second syllable with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BD" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:楽">楽</a> (<i>raku</i>), and Martin notes that the city name has been "long suspected of being a borrowing from the Korean word".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kusuhara et al. argues that this hypothesis cannot account for the fact there are many places named Nara, Naru and Naro besides this Nara.<sup id="cite_ref-kusuhara_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kusuhara-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There is the idea that Nara is akin to <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a> <i>na</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some Tungusic languages such as <a href="/wiki/Orok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Orok language">Orok</a> (and likely <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo_language" title="Goguryeo language">Goguryeo language</a>), <i>na</i> means earth, land or the like. Some have speculated about a connection between these Tungusic words and Old Japanese <i>nawi</i>, an archaic and somewhat obscure word that appears in the verb phrases <i>nawi furu</i> and <i>nawi yoru</i> ('an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> occurs, to have an earthquake').<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The "flat land" theory is adopted by <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Kokugo_Daijiten" title="Nihon Kokugo Daijiten">Nihon Kokugo Daijiten</a> (the largest dictionary of Japanese language), various dictionaries for place names,<sup id="cite_ref-kusuhara_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kusuhara-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> history books on Nara,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the like today, and it is regarded as the most likely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture#History" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture § History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Nara_and_origins">Pre-Nara and origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Nara and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of megalithic tombs or <a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">kofun</a> in Nara, including <a href="/wiki/Gosashi_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosashi tomb">Gosashi Kofun</a>, Hishiage Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B2%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:ヒシアゲ古墳">ヒシアゲ古墳</a></span></span>)</span>, Horaisan Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E6%9D%A5%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:宝来山古墳">宝来山古墳</a></span></span>)</span>, Konabe Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:コナベ古墳">コナベ古墳</a></span></span>)</span>, Saki Ishizukayama Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E7%B4%80%E7%9F%B3%E5%A1%9A%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:佐紀石塚山古墳">佐紀石塚山古墳</a></span></span>)</span>, Saki Misasagiyama Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E7%B4%80%E9%99%B5%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:佐紀陵山古墳">佐紀陵山古墳</a></span></span>)</span>, and Uwanabe Kofun<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:ウワナベ古墳">ウワナベ古墳</a></span></span>)</span>. </p><p>By decree of an edict on March 11, 708 AD, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Empress Genmei</a> ordered the court to relocate to the new capital, Nara.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once known as Heijō or <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D-ky%C5%8D" title="Heijō-kyō">Heijō-kyō</a>, the city was established as Japan's first permanent capital in 710 CE; it was the seat of government until 784 CE, albeit with a five-year interruption, lasting from 741 to 745 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heijō, as the ‘penultimate court’, however, was abandoned by the order of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Kammu">Emperor Kammu</a> in 784 CE in favor of the temporary site of <a href="/wiki/Nagaoka-ky%C5%8D" title="Nagaoka-kyō">Nagaoka</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8D" title="Heian-kyō">Heian-kyō</a> (Kyoto) which retained the status of capital for 1,100 years, until the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji Emperor">Meiji Emperor</a> made the final move to <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a> in 1869 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first relocation was due to the court's transformation from an imperial nobility to a force of metropolitan elites and new technique of dynastic shedding which had refashioned the relationship between court, nobility, and country.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the ancient capital lent its name to Nara period.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a reactionary expression to the political centralization of China, the city of Nara (Heijō) was modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a> capital at <a href="/wiki/Chang%E2%80%99an" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang’an">Chang’an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nara was laid out on a grid—which was based upon the <a href="/wiki/Ritsury%C5%8D#Handen-Shūju" title="Ritsuryō">Handen system</a>—whereby the city was divided by four great roads.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, according to Chinese cosmology, the ruler's place was fixed like the pole star. By dominating the capital, the ruler brought heaven to earth.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the south-facing palace centered at the north, bisected the ancient city, instituting ‘Right Capital’ and ‘Left Capital’ zones.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Nara came to be a <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan#Asuka_Period_(538_to_710)_and_Nara_Period_(710–794)" title="Buddhism in Japan">center of Buddhism in Japan</a> and a prominent pilgrimage site, the city plan incorporated various pre-Heijō and Heijō period temples, of which the Yakushiji and the Todaiji still stand.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gosashi tomb"><img alt="Gosashi tomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg/337px-CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg/506px-CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg/673px-CG_Gosashi_Kofun_1_7p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gosashi tomb</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of scholars have characterized the Nara period as a time of penal and administrative legal order.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a> called for the establishment of administrative sects underneath the central government, and modeled many of the codes from the Chinese Tang dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code eventually disbanded, but its contents were largely preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D_Code" title="Yōrō Code">Yōrō Code</a> of 718.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Occupants of the throne during the period gradually shifted their focus from military preparation to religious rites and institutions, in an attempt to strengthen their divine authority over the population.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_temples">Religion and temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion and temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanto_Rokush%C5%AB" title="Nanto Rokushū">Nanto Rokushū</a></li></ul> <p>With the establishment of the new capital, <a href="/wiki/Asuka-dera" title="Asuka-dera">Asuka-dera</a>, the temple of the <a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga clan</a>, was relocated within Nara.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Emperor Shōmu</a> ordered the construction of <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Tōdai-ji</a> Temple (largest wooden building in the world) and the world's largest bronze Buddha statue.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temples of Nara, known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Nanto_Shichi_Daiji" title="Nanto Shichi Daiji">Nanto Shichi Daiji</a>, remained spiritually significant even beyond the move of the political capital to <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Heian-kyō</a> in 794, thus giving Nara a synonym of Nanto (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">南都</span></span></span> "the southern capital"). </p><p>On December 2, 724 AD, in order to increase the visual "magnificence" of the city, an edict was ordered by the government for the noblemen and the wealthy to renovate the roofs, pillars, and walls of their homes, although at that time this was unfeasible.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sightseeing in Nara city became popular in the Edo period, during which several visitors' maps of Nara were widely published.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Meiji Period, the Kofukuji Temple lost some land and its monks were converted into Shinto priests, due to Buddhism being associated with the old shogunate.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Todaiji18s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tōdai-ji is a Buddhist temple and the world's largest wooden building (8th century)"><img alt="Tōdai-ji is a Buddhist temple and the world's largest wooden building (8th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Todaiji18s3200.jpg/293px-Todaiji18s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Todaiji18s3200.jpg/440px-Todaiji18s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Todaiji18s3200.jpg/585px-Todaiji18s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Tōdai-ji</a> is a Buddhist temple and the world's largest wooden building (8th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yakushi-ji was completed in 680"><img alt="Yakushi-ji was completed in 680" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg/293px-Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg/440px-Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg/585px-Wakakusa-yakushiji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3652" data-file-height="2434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a> was completed in 680</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kōfuku-ji was built in 669"><img alt="Kōfuku-ji was built in 669" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg/293px-Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg/440px-Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg/585px-Kofukuji12st5s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-ji" title="Kōfuku-ji">Kōfuku-ji</a> was built in 669</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Houtokuji (Yagyu Clan Tomb)"><img alt="Houtokuji (Yagyu Clan Tomb)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg/293px-Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg/440px-Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg/586px-Hotokuji15s5s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Houtokuji (Yagyu Clan Tomb)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Himuro Shrine, established in 710"><img alt="Himuro Shrine, established in 710" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg/293px-Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg/440px-Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg/585px-Weeping_cherry_tree_in_Himuro_jinja_20150329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Himuro_Shrine" title="Himuro Shrine">Himuro Shrine</a>, established in 710</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Nara">Modern Nara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern Nara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 794, it was not designated a city until 1 February 1898. Nara has since developed from a town of commerce in the Edo and Meiji periods to a modern tourist city, due to its large number of historical temples, landmarks and national monuments. Nara was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in December 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architecture of some shops, ryokans and art galleries has been adapted from traditional merchant houses.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nara holds traditional festivals every year, including the Neri-Kuyo Eshiki, a spring festival held in Todaiji temple for over 1,000 years; and the Kemari Festival, in which people wear costumes ranging across 700 years and play traditional games).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1909, <a href="/wiki/Tatsuno_Kingo" title="Tatsuno Kingo">Tatsuno Kingo</a> designed the <a href="/wiki/Nara_Hotel" title="Nara Hotel">Nara Hotel</a>, whose architecture combined modern elements with traditional Japanese style.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a 2022 campaign event in Nara, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">shot and killed</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Homemade_firearm" title="Homemade firearm">homemade firearm</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Yamagami" title="Tetsuya Yamagami">Tetsuya Yamagami</a>, who resented Abe's ties to the <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Nara lies in the northern end of <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>, directly bordering Kyoto Prefecture to its north. The city is 22.22 km (13.81 mi) from North to South, from East to West.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result of the latest merger, effective April 1, 2005, that combined the villages of <a href="/wiki/Tsuge,_Nara" title="Tsuge, Nara">Tsuge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsukigase,_Nara" title="Tsukigase, Nara">Tsukigase</a> with the city of Nara, the city now borders <a href="/wiki/Mie_Prefecture" title="Mie Prefecture">Mie Prefecture</a> directly to its east. The total area is 276.84 km<sup>2</sup> (106.89 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-naraofficial_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naraofficial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nara city, as well as several important settlements (such as <a href="/wiki/Kashihara,_Nara" title="Kashihara, Nara">Kashihara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamatok%C5%8Driyama" title="Yamatokōriyama">Yamatokōriyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenri,_Nara" title="Tenri, Nara">Tenri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamatotakada" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamatotakada">Yamatotakada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakurai,_Nara" title="Sakurai, Nara">Sakurai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gose,_Nara" title="Gose, Nara">Gose</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Encyclopedia1988_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Encyclopedia1988-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), are located in the <a href="/wiki/Nara_Basin" title="Nara Basin">Nara Basin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes it the most densely-populated region of Nara Prefecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The downtown of Nara is on the east side of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a> site, occupying the northern part of what was called the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Gekyō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">外京</span></span>)</span>, literally the outer capital area. Many of the public offices (e.g. the Municipal office, the Nara Prefectural government, the Nara Police headquarters, etc.) are located on <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nijō-ōji</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二条大路</span></span>)</span>, while Nara branch offices of major nationwide banks are on <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sanjō-ōji</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三条大路</span></span>)</span>, with both avenues running east–west. </p><p>The highest point in the city is at the peak of Kaigahira-yama at an altitude of 822.0 m (2,696.85 ft) (Tsugehayama-cho district), and the lowest is in Ikeda-cho district, with an altitude of 56.4 m (185.04 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-narajpn_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narajpn-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Nara Prefecture is generally temperate, although there are notable differences between the north-western basin area and the rest of the prefecture which is more mountainous. </p><p>The basin area climate has an inland characteristic, as represented in the higher daily temperature variance, and the difference between summer and winter temperatures. Winter temperatures average approximately 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F), and from 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F) in the summer with highest readings reaching close to 35 °C (95 °F). There has not been a single year since 1990 with more than 10 days of snowfall recorded by Nara Local Meteorological Observatory. </p><p>The climate in the rest of the prefecture is that of higher elevations especially in the south, with −5 °C (23 °F) being the extreme minimum in winter. Heavy rainfall is often observed in summer. The annual accumulated rainfall totals as much as 3,000 to 5,000 mm (118.11 to 196.85 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a>), which is among the heaviest in Japan and indeed in the world outside the equatorial zone. </p><p>Spring and fall temperatures are temperate and comfortable. The mountainous region of Yoshino has been long popular for viewing cherry blossoms in the spring. In autumn, the southern mountains are also a popular destination for viewing fall foliage. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nara (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.4<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.1<br />(4.14) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.9<br />(3.89) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.5<br />(5.45) </td> <td style="background: #00E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.1<br />(7.25) </td> <td style="background: #00FB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.5<br />(6.83) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.9<br />(5.04) </td> <td style="background: #0AFF0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.0<br />(6.26) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.7<br />(5.30) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2<br />(2.80) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,365.1<br />(53.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.5 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">120.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B4B46D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.8 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.4 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.6 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.8 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.1 </td> <td style="background: #B8B853; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C601; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,821.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Japan Meteorological Agency<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nara_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nara city in Nara Basin viewed from Byakugō-ji"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Nara_City.jpg/1500px-The_Nara_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="1500" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Nara_City.jpg/2250px-The_Nara_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Nara_City.jpg/3000px-The_Nara_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nara_City.jpg" title="File:The Nara City.jpg"> </a></div>Nara city in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Basin" title="Nara Basin">Nara Basin</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/Byakug%C5%8D-ji" title="Byakugō-ji">Byakugō-ji</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of April 1, 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the city has an estimated population of 359,666 and a population density of 1,300 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. There were 160,242 households residing in Nara.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest concentration of both households and population, respectively about 46,000 and 125,000, is found along the newer bedtown districts, along the <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu</a> line connecting to <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>. </p><p>There were about 3,000 registered foreigners in the city, of which Koreans and Chinese are the two largest groups with about 1,200 and 800 people respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks_and_culture">Landmarks and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landmarks and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/220px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/330px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg/440px-Toshodaiji_Nara_Nara_pref01s5s4290.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4290" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōshōdai-ji">Tōshōdai-ji</a> temple</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg/220px-Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg/330px-Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg/440px-Saidai-ji_Nara_Japan09n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saidai-ji" title="Saidai-ji">Saidai-ji</a> main hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhist_temples">Buddhist temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buddhist temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akishino-dera" title="Akishino-dera">Akishino-dera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byakug%C5%8D-ji" title="Byakugō-ji">Byakugō-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daian-ji" title="Daian-ji">Daian-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enj%C5%8D-ji" title="Enjō-ji">Enjō-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensh%C5%8D-ji_(Nara)" title="Enshō-ji (Nara)">Enshō-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futai-ji" title="Futai-ji">Futai-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang%C5%8D-ji" title="Gangō-ji">Gangō-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannya-ji" title="Hannya-ji">Hannya-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokke-ji" title="Hokke-ji">Hokke-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kik%C5%8D-ji" title="Kikō-ji">Kikō-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-ji" title="Kōfuku-ji">Kōfuku-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dsen-ji_(Nara)" title="Ryōsen-ji (Nara)">Ryōsen-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saidai-ji" title="Saidai-ji">Saidai-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-Yakushi-ji" title="Shin-Yakushi-ji">Shin-Yakushi-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dryaku-ji" title="Shōryaku-ji">Shōryaku-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Tōdai-ji</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Nigatsu-d%C5%8D" title="Nigatsu-dō">Nigatsu-dō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Ds%C5%8Din" title="Shōsōin">Shōsōin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōshōdai-ji">Tōshōdai-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakushi-ji" title="Yakushi-ji">Yakushi-ji</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shinto_shrines">Shinto shrines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shinto shrines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg/220px-Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg/330px-Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg/440px-Kasuga-taisha16ns3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2130" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-taisha" title="Kasuga-taisha">Kasuga Shrine</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himuro_Shrine" title="Himuro Shrine">Himuro Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-taisha" title="Kasuga-taisha">Kasuga Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamukeyama_Hachiman_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamukeyama Hachiman Shrine">Tamukeyama Hachiman Shrine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_imperial_palace">Former imperial palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Former imperial palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg/220px-140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg/330px-140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg/440px-140927_Nara_National_Museum_Nara_Japan03bs5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5850" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nara_National_Museum" title="Nara National Museum">Nara National Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irie_Taikichi_Memorial_Museum_of_Photography_Nara_City" title="Irie Taikichi Memorial Museum of Photography Nara City">Irie Taikichi Memorial Museum of Photography Nara City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakano_Museum_of_Art" title="Nakano Museum of Art">Nakano Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_City_Historical_Materials_Preservation_House" title="Nara City Historical Materials Preservation House">Nara City Historical Materials Preservation House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_National_Museum" title="Nara National Museum">Nara National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Municipal_Buried_Cultural_Properties_Research_Centre" title="Nara Municipal Buried Cultural Properties Research Centre">Nara Municipal Buried Cultural Properties Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefectural_Museum_of_Art" title="Nara Prefectural Museum of Art">Nara Prefectural Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neiraku_Museum" title="Neiraku Museum">Neiraku Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhaku_Art_Museum" title="Shōhaku Art Museum">Shōhaku Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Japanese_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Japanese Art">Yamato Bunkakan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens">Gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg/220px-Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg/330px-Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg/440px-Isuien_Nara02bs4592.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isuien_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuien Garden">Isuien Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG/220px-%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG/330px-%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG/440px-%E6%B5%AE%E8%A6%8B%E5%A0%82.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ukimidou Pavilion in Nara Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg/220px-Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg/330px-Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg/440px-Sunazuri-no-Fuji_20140503_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Sunazuri-no-Fuji (wisteria flower) in <a href="/wiki/Kasuga-taisha" title="Kasuga-taisha">Kasuga-taisha</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Former_Daij%C5%8D-in_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Former Daijō-in Gardens (page does not exist)">Former Daijō-in Gardens</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%97%E9%99%A2%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92" class="extiw" title="ja:旧大乗院庭園">旧大乗院庭園</a></span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuien_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuien Garden">Isuien Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABseki_Teien" title="Kyūseki Teien">Kyūseki Teien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manyo_Botanical_Garden,_Nara" title="Manyo Botanical Garden, Nara">Manyo Botanical Garden, Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yagy%C5%AB_Iris_Garden,_Nara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yagyū Iris Garden, Nara (page does not exist)">Yagyū Iris Garden, Nara</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E7%94%9F%E8%8A%B1%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%B6%E5%9C%92" class="extiw" title="ja:柳生花しょうぶ園">柳生花しょうぶ園</a></span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshiki-en" title="Yoshiki-en">Yoshiki-en</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naramachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naramachi (page does not exist)">Naramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Hotel" title="Nara Hotel">Nara Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_National_Research_Institute_for_Cultural_Properties" title="Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties">Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Park" title="Nara Park">Nara Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB,_Nara" title="Yagyū, Nara">Yagyū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zut%C5%8D" title="Zutō">Zutō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="ja:頭塔">頭塔</a></span></span>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipsy_night" title="Tipsy night">Tipsy night</a>, a rock band from Nara, contributed the theme song for the <i><a href="/wiki/Naruto:_Gekit%C5%8D_Ninja_Taisen!_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Naruto: Gekitō Ninja Taisen! 4">Naruto: Gekitō Ninja Taisen! 4</a></i> (<i>僕の愛してるだれもいない</i>) games</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg/220px-090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg/330px-090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg/440px-090124_wakakusa_yamayaki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3659" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption>Burning the dead grass of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wakakusa" title="Mount Wakakusa">Mount Wakakusa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suzakumon" title="Suzakumon">Suzakumon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Palace" title="Heijō Palace">Heijō Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Centennial_Hall" title="Nara Centennial Hall">Nara Centennial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Kasugano_International_Forum_Iraka" title="Nara Kasugano International Forum Iraka">Nara Kasugano International Forum Iraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Marathon" title="Nara Marathon">Nara Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuni-e" title="Shuni-e">Shuni-e</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tōdai-ji Temple Daibutsuden Hall, the world's largest wooden building"><img alt="Tōdai-ji Temple Daibutsuden Hall, the world's largest wooden building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/244px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/366px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg/488px-T%C5%8Ddai-ji_Kon-d%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-ji" title="Tōdai-ji">Tōdai-ji Temple</a> Daibutsuden Hall, the world's largest wooden building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kofukuji08s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kōfuku-ji in the center of Nara"><img alt="Kōfuku-ji in the center of Nara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kofukuji08s3200.jpg/130px-Kofukuji08s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kofukuji08s3200.jpg/196px-Kofukuji08s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kofukuji08s3200.jpg/261px-Kofukuji08s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-ji" title="Kōfuku-ji">Kōfuku-ji</a> in the center of Nara</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deer_in_Nara">Deer in Nara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Deer in Nara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg/300px-Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg/450px-Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg/600px-Deer_roaming_in_Nara_city._2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Deer roaming in Nara city. 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the legendary history of <a href="/wiki/Kasuga_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasuga Shrine">Kasuga Shrine</a>, the god <a href="/wiki/Takemikazuchi" title="Takemikazuchi">Takemikazuchi</a> arrived in Nara on a white <a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">deer</a> to guard the newly built capital of <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Ky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Heijō Kyō">Heijō-kyō</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history-of-deer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-of-deer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the deer have been regarded as heavenly animals, protecting the city and the country.<sup id="cite_ref-history-of-deer_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-of-deer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tame <a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">sika deer</a> (also known as spotted deer or Japanese deer) roam through the town, especially in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Park" title="Nara Park">Nara Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-naraofficial_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naraofficial-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-narajpn_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narajpn-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-nara-japan-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oh-deer-take-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-are-there-really_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-are-there-really-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, there were more than 1,200 sika deer in Nara.<sup id="cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-nara-japan-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oh-deer-take-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-are-there-really_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-are-there-really-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snack vendors sell <i>sika <a href="/wiki/Senbei" title="Senbei">senbei</a></i> (deer <a href="/wiki/Rice_cracker" title="Rice cracker">crackers</a>) to visitors so they can feed the deer.<sup id="cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-nara-japan-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oh-deer-take-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-are-there-really_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-are-there-really-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some deer have learned to <a href="/wiki/Bowing" title="Bowing">bow</a> in order to receive <i>senbei</i> from people.<sup id="cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-nara-japan-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oh-deer-take-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-are-there-really_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-are-there-really-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2009 study by Harumi Torii (who is the assistant professor of wildlife management at Nara University of Education,) in which necropsies of deceased shika deer in Nara park were conducted, found that the deer in Nara park were malnourished from not having enough grass to eat, and eating too many rice crackers and other human food. The rice crackers commonly fed to the deer lack fiber and other nutrients deer require, so when the deer eat too many rice crackers it causes the gut microbiome in the deer to become unbalanced, among other problems. 7 out of 8 deer dissected had a “kidney fat index” (which measures how much fat has attached to the kidneys) below 40%, which indicates malnutrition in the deer. And of those 7, some had kidney fat below 10%, which indicates starvation. Compared to male shika deer outside of Nara park, which weigh about 50 kilograms on average, the male shika deer in Nara park only weigh 30 kilograms on average. The color of the femoral marrow in Nara park’s deer was also abnormal, indicating malnourishment. When living deer in Nara park were observed during the study, it was discovered that rice crackers made up about one third of the average deer’s diet in Nara park, with grass making up about two thirds. The deer have become so excessively numerous in Nara park, that there isn’t enough grass in the park for all of them to live entirely on grass, creating a dependency on humans for rice crackers. This lack of grass also causes the deer to resort to eating garbage and plants that they would not normally eat.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deer in Nara park have become overpopulated due to being fed by people frequently, and having few predators. And the deer have caused extensive damage to trees (by feeding on bark,) bamboo (by eating their shoots,) and other plants in the park. Additionally, the deer have become aggressive towards humans in their solicitation of food (which leads to people getting injured by deer,) aggressive towards each other in competition for rice crackers, and have lost their fear of predators in general. For these reasons, tourists may want to consider not feeding the deer in Nara park, and simply observe them instead.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nara_Park_Shika.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deer in Nara Park (2012)."><img alt="Deer in Nara Park (2012)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Nara_Park_Shika.jpg/260px-Nara_Park_Shika.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Nara_Park_Shika.jpg/391px-Nara_Park_Shika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Nara_Park_Shika.jpg/520px-Nara_Park_Shika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deer in Nara Park (2012).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deer approaching tourists in Nara Park in summer."><img alt="Deer approaching tourists in Nara Park in summer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg/295px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg/443px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg/589px-Sika_deer_in_Nara_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deer approaching tourists in Nara Park in summer.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deer in Nara Park"><img alt="Deer in Nara Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg/294px-20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg/441px-20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg/587px-20100716_Sika_Deer_Nara_2241.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deer in Nara Park</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 16 high schools and 6 universities located in the city of Nara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg/220px-Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg/330px-Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg/440px-Nara_Women%27s_University_Nara_Japan01s5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nara_Women%27s_University" title="Nara Women's University">Nara Women's University</a> former main building</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Nara_Women%27s_University" title="Nara Women's University">Nara Women's University</a> is one of only two national women's universities in Japan. <a href="/wiki/Nara_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nara Institute of Science and Technology">Nara Institute of Science and Technology</a> is a graduate research university specializing in biological, information, and materials sciences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_schools">Public schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public elementary and junior high schools are operated by the city of Nara. </p><p>Public high schools are operated by the Nara Prefecture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Private schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Private high schools in Nara include the <a href="/wiki/Todaiji_Gakuen" title="Todaiji Gakuen">Tōdaiji Gakuen</a>, a private school founded by the temple in 1926. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg/220px-%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg/330px-%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg/440px-%E8%BF%91%E9%89%84%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_-_%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B5%E3%81%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Nara_Station" title="Kintetsu Nara Station">Kintetsu Nara Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JR_Nara_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Nara_Station.jpg/220px-JR_Nara_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Nara_Station.jpg/330px-JR_Nara_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/JR_Nara_Station.jpg/440px-JR_Nara_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>JR <a href="/wiki/Nara_Station" title="Nara Station">Nara Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg/220px-Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg/330px-Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg/440px-Kintetsu_Series_30000_Nara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Kintetsu Limited Express passing through the Heijo Palace ruins. Mt.Wakakusa and Todaiji Temple are in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main central station of Nara is <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Nara_Station" title="Kintetsu Nara Station">Kintetsu Nara Station</a> with JR Nara station some 500m west and much closer to Shin-Omiya station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu Railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nara_Line_(Kintetsu)" title="Nara Line (Kintetsu)">Nara Line</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomio_Station" title="Tomio Station">Tomio Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gakuen-mae_Station_(Nara)" title="Gakuen-mae Station (Nara)">Gakuen-mae Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ayameike_Station" title="Ayameike Station">Ayameike Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yamato-Saidaiji_Station" title="Yamato-Saidaiji Station">Yamato-Saidaiji Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shin-%C5%8Cmiya_Station" title="Shin-Ōmiya Station">Shin-Ōmiya Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Nara_Station" title="Kintetsu Nara Station">Kintetsu Nara Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Line_(Kintetsu)" title="Kyoto Line (Kintetsu)">Kyoto Line</a>: <a href="/wiki/Takanohara_Station" title="Takanohara Station">Takanohara Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heij%C5%8D_Station" title="Heijō Station">Heijō Station</a> – Yamato-Saidaiji Station</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashihara_Line" title="Kashihara Line">Kashihara Line</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yamato-Saidaiji_Station" title="Yamato-Saidaiji Station">Yamato-Saidaiji Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amagatsuji_Station" title="Amagatsuji Station">Amagatsuji Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nishinoky%C5%8D_Station" title="Nishinokyō Station">Nishinokyō Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keihanna_Line" title="Keihanna Line">Keihanna Line</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gakken_Nara-Tomigaoka_Station" title="Gakken Nara-Tomigaoka Station">Gakken Nara-Tomigaoka Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Japan_Railway_Company" title="West Japan Railway Company">West Japan Railway Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_Main_Line" title="Kansai Main Line">Kansai Main Line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yamatoji_Line" title="Yamatoji Line">Yamatoji Line</a>): <a href="/wiki/Narayama_Station" title="Narayama Station">Narayama Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nara_Station" title="Nara Station">Nara Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurai_Line" title="Sakurai Line">Sakurai Line</a> (Manyō-Mahoroba Line): Nara Station – <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dbate_Station" title="Kyōbate Station">Kyōbate Station</a> – <a href="/wiki/Obitoke_Station" title="Obitoke Station">Obitoke Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Japan" title="Expressways of Japan">Expressways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keinawa_Expressway" title="Keinawa Expressway">Keinawa Expressway</a> (Under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshin_Expressway" title="Hanshin Expressway">Hanshin Expressway</a> Dainihanna Route</li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_24" title="Japan National Route 24">Japan National Route 24</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0025.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_25" title="Japan National Route 25">Japan National Route 25</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0169.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_169" title="Japan National Route 169">Japan National Route 169</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0308.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_308" title="Japan National Route 308">Japan National Route 308</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0369.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_369" title="Japan National Route 369">Japan National Route 369</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg/20px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg/30px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg/40px-Japanese_National_Route_Sign_0370.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_370" title="Japan National Route 370">Japan National Route 370</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Japan" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan">List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nara's <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeongsangbuk-do" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeongsangbuk-do">Gyeongsangbuk-do</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Province of Toledo</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, China</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Domestic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture"><img alt="Fukuoka Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/43px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dazaifu,_Fukuoka" title="Dazaifu, Fukuoka">Dazaifu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture"><img alt="Fukushima Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Driyama" title="Kōriyama">Kōriyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture" title="Fukui Prefecture"><img alt="Fukui Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Obama,_Fukui" title="Obama, Fukui">Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture" title="Fukui Prefecture">Fukui Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture"><img alt="Miyagi Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/23px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/35px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/45px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tagaj%C5%8D" title="Tagajō">Tagajō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture"><img alt="Ōita Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/43px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Usa,_%C5%8Cita" title="Usa, Ōita">Usa</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_Prefecture" title="Ōita Prefecture">Ōita Prefecture</a>, Japan</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nara is featured in the <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fly_Me_to_the_Moon_(manga)" title="Fly Me to the Moon (manga)"><i>Tonikawa: Fly Me to the Moon</i></a>. </p><p>Nara is the inspiring location for the 2014 album <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_All_Yours" title="This Is All Yours">This Is All Yours</a></i> by English indie rock band <a href="/wiki/Alt-J" title="Alt-J">Alt-J</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nara_(city)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/japan">"Population of Cities in Japan (2022)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Cities+in+Japan+%282022%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fcities%2Fjapan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1879894/118">柳田国男 (Yanagita, Kunio) (1936): 地名の研究 <i>(The Study of Place Names)</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131331/http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1879894/118">Archived</a> 2018-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pub. 古今書院 (Kokon Shoin), pp. 217–219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">東条操 (Tōjō, Misao) (1951): 全国方言辞典 <i>Dictionary of Japanese Dialects</i>, 東京堂出版.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2937057/103">"吉田東伍 YOSHIDA Tōgo (1907), 『大日本地名辞書上巻』 (The Dictionary of Place Names in the Great Japan, Fuzambo, Vol.1), 冨山房, pp.190–191"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221163533/http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2937057/103">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%B1%E4%BC%8D+YOSHIDA+T%C5%8Dgo+%281907%29%2C+%E3%80%8E%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E8%BE%9E%E6%9B%B8+%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%BB%E3%80%8F+%28The+Dictionary+of+Place+Names+in+the+Great+Japan%2C+Fuzambo%2C+Vol.1%29%2C+%E5%86%A8%E5%B1%B1%E6%88%BF%2C+pp.190%E2%80%93191.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F2937057%2F103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1145583/492">松岡静雄編 MATSUOKA Shizuo ed. (1929), 『日本古語大辞典』 <i>(The Unabridged Dictionary of Old Japanese)</i>, 刀江書院, p.955.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221162250/http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1145583/492">Archived</a> 2014-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Previous to Matsuoka, KANAZAWA Shôzaburô (1903) pointed out the possibility of influence from Korea. Both were, however, comparing <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a> to Modern Korean, not <a href="/wiki/Old_Korean" title="Old Korean">Old Korean</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Martin" title="Samuel E. Martin">Martin, Samuel E.</a> (1 November 1991). "Morphological clues to the relationships of Japanese and Korean". In Baldi, Philip (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/12597"><i>Patterns of Change - Change of Patterns</i></a>. The Hague: De Gruyer Mouton. pp. 496–497. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110871890">10.1515/9783110871890</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-013405-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-013405-6"><bdi>978-3-11-013405-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708063208/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110871890/html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Morphological+clues+to+the+relationships+of+Japanese+and+Korean&rft.btitle=Patterns+of+Change+-+Change+of+Patterns&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=496-497&rft.pub=De+Gruyer+Mouton&rft.date=1991-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110871890&rft.isbn=978-3-11-013405-6&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Samuel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F12597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kusuhara-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kusuhara_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kusuhara_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">楠原佑介ほか KUSUHARA Yūsuke et al. (1981), 『古代地名語源辞典』 <i>(The Dictionary of Ancient Place Name Etymology)</i>, 東京堂出版, p.232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One of the earliest assumption for this is seen in 奈良市編 Nara ed. (1937), 『奈良市史』 <i>(The History of Nara, Nara)</i>., 奈良市.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">宮腰賢ほか編 MIYAKOSHI Masaru et al. ed. (2011), 『全訳古語辞典』 <i>(The Dictionary of Old Japanese with Complete Translation)</i> 第4版, 旺文社.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">池田末則・横田健一編 IKEDA Suenori & YOKOTA Ken'ichi (Eds.) (1981), 『日本歴史地名大系30 奈良県の地名』<i>(A Series on Historical Place Names in Japan, Vol. 30, Place Names in Nara Prefecture)</i>, 平凡社, p.490</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">角川日本地名大辞典編纂委員会編 (1990), 『角川日本地名大辞典　29　奈良県』(<i>Kadokawa Unabridged Dictionary of Place Names in Japan, Vol. 29, Nara Prefecture</i>), 角川書店, p.814</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. 斎藤建夫編 SAITŌ Tateo (ed.) (1997), 『郷土資料事典 : ふるさとの文化遺産. 29(奈良県) 』 <i>(The Dictionary of Native Place Data. Vol. 29. Nara Prefecture.)</i>, 人文社, p.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgata" class="citation web cs1">Ogata, Noboru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgeo.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soramitsu/Nara.html">"Nara (Heijô-kyô) — The Capital of Japan in the eighth Century"</a>. <i>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704145857/http://www.hgeo.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soramitsu/Nara.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Graduate+School+of+Human+and+Environmental+Studies%2C+Kyoto+University&rft.atitle=Nara+%28Heij%C3%B4-ky%C3%B4%29+%E2%80%94+The+Capital+of+Japan+in+the+eighth+Century&rft.aulast=Ogata&rft.aufirst=Noboru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgeo.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fsoramitsu%2FNara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby1985" class="citation journal cs1">Toby, Ronald (Autumn 1985). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Taih%C5%8D+code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTaiho-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgata2004" class="citation web cs1">Ogata, Noboru (13 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgeo.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soramitsu/gangoji.html">"Asuka in Nara – Gangô-ji Monastery and the Old Town of Nara"</a>. <i>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171031095718/http://www.hgeo.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp/soramitsu/gangoji.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Nara+Travel+Guide&rft.atitle=Travel+Tips+%E2%80%93+Official+Nara+Travel+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitnara.jp%2Ftravel-tips%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://narashikanko.or.jp/en/feature/naramachi/">"Stroll Around Naramachi (Town of Nara) | Nara Travelers Guide"</a>. <i>narashikanko.or.jp</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007221020/https://narashikanko.or.jp/en/feature/naramachi/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=narashikanko.or.jp&rft.atitle=Stroll+Around+Naramachi+%28Town+of+Nara%29+%7C+Nara+Travelers+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnarashikanko.or.jp%2Fen%2Ffeature%2Fnaramachi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/japan-former-pm-shinzo-abe-assassinated-shot-nara-campaign-speech-2796576">"Former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe assassinated while giving campaign speech"</a>. <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>. 8 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=Former+Japanese+prime+minister+Shinzo+Abe+assassinated+while+giving+campaign+speech&rft.date=2022-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fasia%2Fjapan-former-pm-shinzo-abe-assassinated-shot-nara-campaign-speech-2796576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasheed2022" class="citation news cs1">Rasheed, Zaheena (27 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927004941/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/27/unification-church-linked-to-shinzo-abes-killing-japan-political-crisis">"The church linked to Abe's killing, Japan's political turmoil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/27/unification-church-linked-to-shinzo-abes-killing-japan-political-crisis">the original</a> on 27 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=The+church+linked+to+Abe%27s+killing%2C+Japan%27s+political+turmoil&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft.aulast=Rasheed&rft.aufirst=Zaheena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F9%2F27%2Funification-church-linked-to-shinzo-abes-killing-japan-political-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naraofficial-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-naraofficial_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-naraofficial_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070526093212/http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/b_hp/english/profile/index.htm">"City Profile of Nara"</a>. Nara City. 2 April 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/b_hp/english/profile/index.htm">the original</a> on 26 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Profile+of+Nara&rft.pub=Nara+City&rft.date=2007-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.nara.nara.jp%2Fb_hp%2Fenglish%2Fprofile%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span> For more details and latest figures, navigate to the equivalent Japanese page at the official homepage <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222704/http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1146477996507&SiteID=0000000000000&ParentGenre=1146554098431">"奈良市統計書「統計なら」平成１７年版（２００５年版） - 奈良市役所"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1146477996507&SiteID=0000000000000&ParentGenre=1146554098431">the original</a> on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8C%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%80%8D%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%97%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%95%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89+-+%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82%E5%BD%B9%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.nara.nara.jp%2Ficity%2Fbrowser%3FActionCode%3Dcontent%26ContentID%3D1146477996507%26SiteID%3D0000000000000%26ParentGenre%3D1146554098431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorld_Encyclopedia1988-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorld_Encyclopedia1988_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorld_Encyclopedia1988">World Encyclopedia 1988</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFWorld_Encyclopedia1988 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKikuchi1994_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKikuchi1994">Kikuchi 1994</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnm error: no target: CITEREFKikuchi1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-narajpn-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-narajpn_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narajpn_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222704/http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1146477996507&SiteID=0000000000000&ParentGenre=1146554098431"><bdi lang="ja">奈良市統計書「統計なら」平成１７年版（２００５年版）(Nara City Statistics, Year 2005 Edition)</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.nara.nara.jp/icity/browser?ActionCode=content&ContentID=1146477996507&SiteID=0000000000000&ParentGenre=1146554098431">the original</a> on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8C%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%80%8D%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%97%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%95%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89%28Nara+City+Statistics%2C+Year+2005+Edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.nara.nara.jp%2Ficity%2Fbrowser%3FActionCode%3Dcontent%26ContentID%3D1146477996507%26SiteID%3D0000000000000%26ParentGenre%3D1146554098431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=64&block_no=47780&year=&month=&day=&view="><bdi lang="ja">気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">Japan Meteorological Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521155844/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=64&block_no=47780&year=&month=&day=&view=">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%BA%81+%2F+%E5%B9%B3%E5%B9%B4%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%88%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%BB%E6%9C%88%E3%81%94%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AE%E5%80%A4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Japan+Meteorological+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.jma.go.jp%2Fobd%2Fstats%2Fetrn%2Findex.php%3Fprec_no%3D64%26block_no%3D47780%26year%3D%26month%3D%26day%3D%26view%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.ikeda.osaka.jp/">"Official website of Nara city"</a> (in Japanese). Japan: Nara City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217165513/http://www.city.ikeda.osaka.jp/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Nara+city&rft.place=Japan&rft.pub=Nara+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.ikeda.osaka.jp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-of-deer-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history-of-deer_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history-of-deer_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830023323/http://www.naradeer.com/prof-histry.htm"><bdi lang="ja">奈良のシカの歴史</bdi></a> [The history of deer in Nara] (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naradeer.com/prof-histry.htm">the original</a> on 30 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naradeer.com%2Fprof-histry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-in-nara-japan-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-in-nara-japan_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-apr-02-la-tr-deer-20100404-story.html">"In Nara, Japan, the deer know their place: everywhere"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 2 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104010333/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/02/travel/la-tr-deer-20100404">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=In+Nara%2C+Japan%2C+the+deer+know+their+place%3A+everywhere&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-apr-02-la-tr-deer-20100404-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oh-deer-take-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oh-deer-take_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/do-feed-the-deer-at-nara-park/article26714618/">"Oh, deer! Take the cutest selfie at Japan's Nara Park"</a>. The Globe and Mail. 8 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402055154/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/do-feed-the-deer-at-nara-park/article26714618/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oh%2C+deer%21+Take+the+cutest+selfie+at+Japan%27s+Nara+Park&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Flife%2Ftravel%2Fdo-feed-the-deer-at-nara-park%2Farticle26714618%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-are-there-really-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-are-there-really_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-are-there-really_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-are-there-really_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-are-there-really_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915082223/http://mcha-jp.com/8701">"Are There Really Deer Everywhere In Nara Park?"</a>. Matcha. 4 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcha-jp.com/8701">the original</a> on 15 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+There+Really+Deer+Everywhere+In+Nara+Park%3F&rft.date=2015-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcha-jp.com%2F8701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nara-edu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=12203&item_no=1&attribute_id=17&file_no=1">Thesis</a> nii.ac.jp</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kogenta.ciao.jp/?eid=592501">"奈良公園のシカは栄養不足、観光客のせんべい頼り"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AF%E6%A0%84%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%E3%80%81%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E5%AE%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%B9%E3%81%84%E9%A0%BC%E3%82%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.kogenta.ciao.jp%2F%3Feid%3D592501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/tanakaatsuo/20180704-00088123">"奈良の鹿は栄養失調？鹿せんべい食えたらイイわけじゃない（田中淳夫） - エキスパート"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E3%81%AE%E9%B9%BF%E3%81%AF%E6%A0%84%E9%A4%8A%E5%A4%B1%E8%AA%BF%EF%BC%9F+%E9%B9%BF%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%B9%E3%81%84%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%88%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A4%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%EF%BC%88%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B7%B3%E5%A4%AB%EF%BC%89+-+%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Fbyline%2Ftanakaatsuo%2F20180704-00088123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANara+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.nara.lg.jp/site/kankou/2216.html">"「姉妹都市」と「友好都市」"</a>. <i>city.nara.lg.jp</i>. Nara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611105402/https://www.city.nara.lg.jp/site/kankou/2216.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Prefecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20x20px&#124;_Nara_Prefecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png/13px-Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png/20px-Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png/26px-Shadow_picture_of_Nara_prefecture.png 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="389" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nara</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Japan" title="List of capitals in Japan">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Core_cities_of_Japan" title="Core cities of Japan">Core city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nara</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Nara Prefecture"><img alt="Flag of Nara Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/60px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/90px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/120px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%8D,_Nara" title="Gojō, Nara">Gojō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gose,_Nara" title="Gose, Nara">Gose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikoma,_Nara" title="Ikoma, Nara">Ikoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashiba,_Nara" title="Kashiba, Nara">Kashiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashihara,_Nara" title="Kashihara, Nara">Kashihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuragi,_Nara" title="Katsuragi, Nara">Katsuragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurai,_Nara" title="Sakurai, Nara">Sakurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenri,_Nara" title="Tenri, Nara">Tenri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uda,_Nara" title="Uda, Nara">Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamatok%C5%8Driyama" title="Yamatokōriyama">Yamatokōriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamatotakada,_Nara" title="Yamatotakada, Nara">Yamatotakada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikoma_District,_Nara" title="Ikoma District, Nara">Ikoma District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ando,_Nara" title="Ando, Nara">Ando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikaruga,_Nara" title="Ikaruga, Nara">Ikaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heguri,_Nara" title="Heguri, Nara">Heguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sang%C5%8D,_Nara" title="Sangō, Nara">Sangō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitakatsuragi_District,_Nara" title="Kitakatsuragi District, Nara">Kitakatsuragi District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cji,_Nara" title="Ōji, Nara">Ōji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai,_Nara" title="Kawai, Nara">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanmaki,_Nara" title="Kanmaki, Nara">Kanmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dry%C5%8D,_Nara" title="Kōryō, Nara">Kōryō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiki_District,_Nara" title="Shiki District, Nara">Shiki District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi,_Nara" title="Kawanishi, Nara">Kawanishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyake,_Nara" title="Miyake, Nara">Miyake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawaramoto,_Nara" title="Tawaramoto, Nara">Tawaramoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaichi_District,_Nara" title="Takaichi District, Nara">Takaichi District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asuka,_Nara" title="Asuka, Nara">Asuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatori,_Nara" title="Takatori, Nara">Takatori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uda_District,_Nara" title="Uda District, Nara">Uda District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsue,_Nara" title="Mitsue, Nara">Mitsue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soni,_Nara" title="Soni, Nara">Soni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamabe_District,_Nara" title="Yamabe District, Nara">Yamabe District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamazoe" title="Yamazoe">Yamazoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshino_District,_Nara" title="Yoshino District, Nara">Yoshino District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higashiyoshino,_Nara" title="Higashiyoshino, Nara">Higashiyoshino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikitayama,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamikitayama, Nara">Kamikitayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawakami,_Nara" title="Kawakami, Nara">Kawakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurotaki,_Nara" title="Kurotaki, Nara">Kurotaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosegawa,_Nara" title="Nosegawa, Nara">Nosegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cyodo,_Nara" title="Ōyodo, Nara">Ōyodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoichi,_Nara" title="Shimoichi, Nara">Shimoichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimokitayama,_Nara" title="Shimokitayama, Nara">Shimokitayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkawa,_Nara" title="Tenkawa, Nara">Tenkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totsukawa" title="Totsukawa">Totsukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshino,_Nara" title="Yoshino, Nara">Yoshino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_in_Nara_Prefecture" title="List of mergers in Nara Prefecture">List of mergers in Nara Prefecture</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_Japan" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">Metropolitan cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo Metropolis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo" title="Special wards of Tokyo">Special wards of Tokyo</a><sup>※</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adachi,_Tokyo" title="Adachi, Tokyo">Adachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakawa,_Tokyo" title="Arakawa, Tokyo">Arakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunky%C5%8D" title="Bunkyō">Bunkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo" title="Chiyoda, Tokyo">Chiyoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D,_Tokyo" title="Chūō, Tokyo">Chūō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edogawa,_Tokyo" title="Edogawa, Tokyo">Edogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabashi" title="Itabashi">Itabashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsushika" title="Katsushika">Katsushika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kita,_Tokyo" title="Kita, Tokyo">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Kōtō">Kōtō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meguro" title="Meguro">Meguro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo" title="Minato, Tokyo">Minato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakano,_Tokyo" title="Nakano, Tokyo">Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerima" title="Nerima">Nerima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cta,_Tokyo" title="Ōta, Tokyo">Ōta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setagaya" title="Setagaya">Setagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinagawa" title="Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suginami" title="Suginami">Suginami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumida,_Tokyo" title="Sumida, Tokyo">Sumida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshima" title="Toshima">Toshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tait%C5%8D" title="Taitō">Taitō</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_designated_by_government_ordinance_of_Japan" title="Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan">Designated cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiba_(city)" title="Chiba (city)">Chiba</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitakyushu" title="Kitakyushu">Kitakyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niigata_(city)" title="Niigata (city)">Niigata</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama" title="Okayama">Okayama</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitama_(city)" title="Saitama (city)">Saitama</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai">Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_(city)" title="Shizuoka (city)">Shizuoka</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a><sup>※</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Core_cities_of_Japan" title="Core cities of Japan">Core cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashi,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Akashi, Hyōgo">Akashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_(city)" title="Akita (city)">Akita</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amagasaki" title="Amagasaki">Amagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aomori" title="Aomori">Aomori</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahikawa" title="Asahikawa">Asahikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukui_(city)" title="Fukui (city)">Fukui</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_(city)" title="Fukushima (city)">Fukushima</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuyama,_Hiroshima" title="Fukuyama, Hiroshima">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funabashi" title="Funabashi">Funabashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifu" title="Gifu">Gifu</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachinohe" title="Hachinohe">Hachinohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji" title="Hachiōji">Hachiōji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakodate" title="Hakodate">Hakodate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashi%C5%8Dsaka" title="Higashiōsaka">Higashiōsaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himeji" title="Himeji">Himeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirakata" title="Hirakata">Hirakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichinomiya,_Aichi" title="Ichinomiya, Aichi">Ichinomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaki,_Fukushima" title="Iwaki, Fukushima">Iwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanazawa" title="Kanazawa">Kanazawa</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashiwa" title="Kashiwa">Kashiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawagoe,_Saitama" title="Kawagoe, Saitama">Kawagoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaguchi,_Saitama" title="Kawaguchi, Saitama">Kawaguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi,_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Kōchi, Kōchi">Kōchi</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfu" title="Kōfu">Kōfu</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Driyama" title="Kōriyama">Kōriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshigaya" title="Koshigaya">Koshigaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurashiki" title="Kurashiki">Kurashiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kure,_Hiroshima" title="Kure, Hiroshima">Kure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurume" title="Kurume">Kurume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maebashi" title="Maebashi">Maebashi</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsue" title="Matsue">Matsue</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumoto,_Nagano" title="Matsumoto, Nagano">Matsumoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsuyama" title="Matsuyama">Matsuyama</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_(city)" title="Miyazaki (city)">Miyazaki</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mito,_Ibaraki" title="Mito, Ibaraki">Mito</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morioka" title="Morioka">Morioka</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nara</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyagawa,_Osaka" title="Neyagawa, Osaka">Neyagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishinomiya" title="Nishinomiya">Nishinomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_(city)" title="Ōita (city)">Ōita</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okazaki,_Aichi" title="Okazaki, Aichi">Okazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctsu" title="Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasebo" title="Sasebo">Sasebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suita" title="Suita">Suita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamatsu" title="Takamatsu">Takamatsu</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasaki" title="Takasaki">Takasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatsuki" title="Takatsuki">Takatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottori_(city)" title="Tottori (city)">Tottori</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyama_(city)" title="Toyama (city)">Toyama</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyohashi" title="Toyohashi">Toyohashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyonaka" title="Toyonaka">Toyonaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota,_Aichi" title="Toyota, Aichi">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya" title="Utsunomiya">Utsunomiya</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakayama_(city)" title="Wakayama (city)">Wakayama</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao,_Osaka" title="Yao, Osaka">Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_(city)" title="Yamagata (city)">Yamagata</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka" title="Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_cities_of_Japan" title="Special cities of Japan">Special cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atsugi" title="Atsugi">Atsugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Chigasaki, Kanagawa">Chigasaki</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji,_Shizuoka" title="Fuji, Shizuoka">Fuji</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka" title="Hiratsuka">Hiratsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaraki,_Osaka" title="Ibaraki, Osaka">Ibaraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isesaki" title="Isesaki">Isesaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Detsu,_Niigata" title="Jōetsu, Niigata">Jōetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakogawa,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Kakogawa, Hyōgo">Kakogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasugai,_Aichi" title="Kasugai, Aichi">Kasugai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasukabe,_Saitama" title="Kasukabe, Saitama">Kasukabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishiwada,_Osaka" title="Kishiwada, Osaka">Kishiwada</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumagaya" title="Kumagaya">Kumagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka,_Niigata" title="Nagaoka, Niigata">Nagaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numazu" title="Numazu">Numazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawara" title="Odawara">Odawara</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cta,_Gunma" title="Ōta, Gunma">Ōta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(city)" title="Saga (city)">Saga</a><sup>※</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dka" title="Sōka">Sōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takarazuka,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Takarazuka, Hyōgo">Takarazuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokorozawa,_Saitama" title="Tokorozawa, Saitama">Tokorozawa</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukuba" title="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</a><sup>☆</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato,_Kanagawa" title="Yamato, Kanagawa">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokkaichi" title="Yokkaichi">Yokkaichi</a><sup>☆</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Japan" title="List of capitals in Japan">Prefectural capitals</a><br /> <small>without designation</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsu,_Mie" title="Tsu, Mie">Tsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokushima_(city)" title="Tokushima (city)">Tokushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_(city)" title="Yamaguchi (city)">Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>※</sup> also a <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Japan" title="List of capitals in Japan">prefectural capital</a>; <sup>†</sup> eligible for core city status but not yet nominated; <sup>☆</sup> to become core cities</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiretoko_National_Park" title="Shiretoko National Park">Shiretoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_Prehistoric_Sites_in_Northern_Japan" title="Jōmon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan">Jōmon Prehistoric Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Japan"><img alt="Flag of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/50px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/75px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Japan</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_and_Sites_of_Hiraizumi" title="Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi">Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirakami-Sanchi" title="Shirakami-Sanchi">Shirakami-Sanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Japan%27s_Meiji_Industrial_Revolution:_Iron_and_Steel,_Shipbuilding_and_Coal_Mining" title="Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining">Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: <span style="font-size:85%;">Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_Prehistoric_Sites_in_Northern_Japan" title="Jōmon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan">Jōmon Prehistoric Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrines_and_Temples_of_Nikk%C5%8D" title="Shrines and Temples of Nikkō">Shrines and Temples of Nikkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Ogasawara Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomioka_Silk_Mill" title="Tomioka Silk Mill">Tomioka Silk Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Villages_of_Shirakawa-g%C5%8D_and_Gokayama" title="Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama">Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Japan%27s_Meiji_Industrial_Revolution:_Iron_and_Steel,_Shipbuilding_and_Coal_Mining" title="Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining">Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: <span style="font-size:85%;">Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Monuments_in_the_H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji_Area" title="Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area">Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himeji_Castle" title="Himeji Castle">Himeji Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Kyoto_(Kyoto,_Uji_and_Otsu_Cities)" title="Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)">Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Nara" title="Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara">Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozu_Tombs" title="Mozu Tombs">Mozu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Furuichi_Kofun_Cluster" title="Furuichi Kofun Cluster">Furuichi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">Kofun</a> Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Sites_and_Pilgrimage_Routes_in_the_Kii_Mountain_Range" title="Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range">Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial" title="Hiroshima Peace Memorial">Hiroshima Peace Memorial</a> <small>(Genbaku Dome)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsukushima_Shrine" title="Itsukushima Shrine">Itsukushima Shinto Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwami_Ginzan_Silver_Mine" title="Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine">Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Japan%27s_Meiji_Industrial_Revolution:_Iron_and_Steel,_Shipbuilding_and_Coal_Mining" title="Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining">Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: <span style="font-size:85%;">Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gusuku_Sites_and_Related_Properties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Ryukyu" title="Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu">Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Island_of_Okinoshima_and_Associated_Sites_in_the_Munakata_Region" title="Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region">Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Japan%27s_Meiji_Industrial_Revolution:_Iron_and_Steel,_Shipbuilding_and_Coal_Mining" title="Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining">Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: <span style="font-size:85%;">Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakushima" title="Yakushima">Yakushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Christian_Sites_in_the_Nagasaki_Region" title="Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region">Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amami-%C5%8Cshima_Island,_Tokunoshima_Island,_northern_part_of_Okinawa_Island,_and_Iriomote_Island" title="Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island">Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Cities_in_Japan_with_a_population_of_200,000+" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Japan" title="Template:Most populous cities in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan_Cities_in_Japan_with_a_population_of_200,000+" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Japan" title="List of cities in Japan">Cities in Japan with a population of 200,000+</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitama_(city)" title="Saitama (city)">Saitama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitakyushu" title="Kitakyushu">Kitakyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiba_(city)" title="Chiba (city)">Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setagaya" title="Setagaya">Setagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai" title="Sakai">Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niigata_(city)" title="Niigata (city)">Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_(city)" title="Shizuoka (city)">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerima" title="Nerima">Nerima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama" title="Okayama">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cta,_Tokyo" title="Ōta, Tokyo">Ōta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edogawa,_Tokyo" title="Edogawa, Tokyo">Edogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adachi,_Tokyo" title="Adachi, Tokyo">Adachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funabashi" title="Funabashi">Funabashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji" title="Hachiōji">Hachiōji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaguchi,_Saitama" title="Kawaguchi, Saitama">Kawaguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himeji" title="Himeji">Himeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suginami" title="Suginami">Suginami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabashi" title="Itabashi">Itabashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsuyama" title="Matsuyama">Matsuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashi%C5%8Dsaka" title="Higashiōsaka">Higashiōsaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya" title="Utsunomiya">Utsunomiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsudo" title="Matsudo">Matsudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishinomiya" title="Nishinomiya">Nishinomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurashiki" title="Kurashiki">Kurashiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichikawa,_Chiba" title="Ichikawa, Chiba">Ichikawa, Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_(city)" title="Ōita (city)">Oita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuyama,_Hiroshima" title="Fukuyama, Hiroshima">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amagasaki" title="Amagasaki">Amagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanazawa" title="Kanazawa">Kanazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Kōtō">Kōtō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsushika" title="Katsushika">Katsushika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka" title="Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyama_(city)" title="Toyama (city)">Toyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota,_Aichi" title="Toyota, Aichi">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamatsu,_Kagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Takamatsu, Kagawa">Takamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machida,_Tokyo" title="Machida, Tokyo">Machida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifu" title="Gifu">Gifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirakata" title="Hirakata">Hirakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujisawa,_Kanagawa" title="Fujisawa, Kanagawa">Fujisawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashiwa" title="Kashiwa">Kashiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyonaka" title="Toyonaka">Toyonaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyohashi" title="Toyohashi">Toyohashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichinomiya,_Aichi" title="Ichinomiya, Aichi">Ichinomiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakayama_(city)" title="Wakayama (city)">Wakayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okazaki,_Aichi" title="Okazaki, Aichi">Okazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_(city)" title="Miyazaki (city)">Miyazaki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suita" title="Suita">Suita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatsuki" title="Takatsuki">Takatsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinagawa" title="Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahikawa" title="Asahikawa">Asahikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwaki,_Fukushima" title="Iwaki, Fukushima">Iwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōchi (city)">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasaki" title="Takasaki">Takasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Driyama" title="Kōriyama">Kōriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokorozawa,_Saitama" title="Tokorozawa, Saitama">Tokorozawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawagoe,_Saitama" title="Kawagoe, Saitama">Kawagoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kita,_Tokyo" title="Kita, Tokyo">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_(city)" title="Akita (city)">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctsu" title="Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshigaya" title="Koshigaya">Koshigaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maebashi" title="Maebashi">Maebashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakano,_Tokyo" title="Nakano, Tokyo">Nakano, Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokkaichi" title="Yokkaichi">Yokkaichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aomori" title="Aomori">Aomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurume" title="Kurume">Kurume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasugai,_Aichi" title="Kasugai, Aichi">Kasugai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morioka" title="Morioka">Morioka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akashi,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Akashi, Hyōgo">Akashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_(city)" title="Fukushima (city)">Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsu,_Mie" title="Tsu, Mie">Tsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka,_Niigata" title="Nagaoka, Niigata">Nagaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichihara,_Chiba" title="Ichihara, Chiba">Ichihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakodate" title="Hakodate">Hakodate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao,_Osaka" title="Yao, Osaka">Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibaraki,_Osaka" title="Ibaraki, Osaka">Ibaraki, Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukui_(city)" title="Fukui (city)">Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meguro" title="Meguro">Meguro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakogawa,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Kakogawa, Hyōgo">Kakogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokushima_(city)" title="Tokushima (city)">Tokushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mito,_Ibaraki" title="Mito, Ibaraki">Mito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka" title="Hiratsuka">Hiratsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshima" title="Toshima">Toshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_(city)" title="Yamagata (city)">Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasebo" title="Sasebo">Sasebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuch%C5%AB,_Tokyo" title="Fuchū, Tokyo">Fuchū, Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kure,_Hiroshima" title="Kure, Hiroshima">Kure, Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachinohe" title="Hachinohe">Hachinohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(city)" title="Saga (city)">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyagawa,_Osaka" title="Neyagawa, Osaka">Neyagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dka" title="Sōka">Sōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumida,_Tokyo" title="Sumida, Tokyo">Sumida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji,_Shizuoka" title="Fuji, Shizuoka">Fuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasukabe,_Saitama" title="Kasukabe, Saitama">Kasukabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Chigasaki, Kanagawa">Chigasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumoto,_Nagano" title="Matsumoto, Nagano">Matsumoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsugi" title="Atsugi">Atsugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato,_Kanagawa" title="Yamato, Kanagawa">Yamato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ageo" title="Ageo">Ageo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takarazuka,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Takarazuka, Hyōgo">Takarazuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dfu" title="Chōfu">Chōfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cta,_Gunma" title="Ōta, Gunma">Ōta, Gunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukuba" title="Tsukuba">Tsukuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numazu" title="Numazu">Numazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Detsu,_Niigata" title="Jōetsu, Niigata">Joetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo" title="Minato, Tokyo">Minato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumagaya" title="Kumagaya">Kumagaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isesaki" title="Isesaki">Isesaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishitokyo" title="Nishitokyo">Nishitokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishiwada,_Osaka" title="Kishiwada, Osaka">Kishiwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottori_(city)" title="Tottori (city)">Tottori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169134#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169134#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146601274">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1219203/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrgHBjY4hTHJx4vWHWkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117774-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82044681">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121870228">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121870228">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00263948">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nara (Japonsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0034793&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457256">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000307767&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000657518&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007562286805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7fcb617c-1204-4f4a-8a56-7c1d6db449c3">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01224422?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/086112031">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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