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emission spectra</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optical emission spectra"> <meta name="keywords" content="optical emission spectra"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optical emission spectra"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3483</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optical emission spectra</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3273</span> Low-Temperature Luminescence Spectroscopy of Violet Sr-Al-O:Eu2+ Phosphor Particles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiji%20Komatsu">Keiji Komatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayato%20Maruyama"> Hayato Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariyuki%20Kato"> Ariyuki Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsushi%20Nakamura"> Atsushi Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Ohshio"> Shigeo Ohshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Akasaka"> Hiroki Akasaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidetoshi%20Saitoh"> Hidetoshi Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles were synthesized from a metal–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution of Sr, Al, Eu, and particulate alumina via spray drying and sintering in a reducing atmosphere. The crystal structures and emission properties at 85–300 K were investigated. The composition of the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles was determined from various Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphors by their emission properties’ dependence on temperature. The highly crystalline SrAl12O19:Eu2+ emission phases were confirmed by their crystallite sizes and the activation energies for the 4f5d–8S7/2 transition of the Eu2+ ion. These results showed that the material identification for the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor was accomplished by the low-temperature luminescence measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20luminescence%20spectroscopy" title="low temperature luminescence spectroscopy">low temperature luminescence spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20identification" title=" material identification"> material identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strontium%20aluminates%20phosphor" title=" strontium aluminates phosphor"> strontium aluminates phosphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20properties" title=" emission properties "> emission properties </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10329/low-temperature-luminescence-spectroscopy-of-violet-sr-al-oeu2-phosphor-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3272</span> Existence of Nano-Organic Carbon Particles below the Size Range of 10 nm in the Indoor Air Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bireswar%20Paul">Bireswar Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitava%20Datta"> Amitava Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">Indoor air environment is a big concern in the last few decades in the developing countries, with increased focus on monitoring the air quality. In this work, an experimental study has been conducted to establish the existence of carbon nanoparticles below the size range of 10 nm in the non-sooting zone of a LPG/air partially premixed flame. Mainly, four optical techniques, UV absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and TEM have been used to characterize and measure the size of carbon nanoparticles in the sampled materials collected from the inner surface of the flame front. The existence of the carbon nanoparticles in the sampled material has been confirmed with the typical nature of the absorption and fluorescence spectra already reported in the literature. The band gap energy shows</span><span lang="EN-US"> that the particles are made up of three to six aromatic rings. The size measurement by DLS technique also shows that the particles below the size range of 10 nm. The results of DLS are also corroborated by the TEM image of the same material. <o:p> </o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air" title="indoor air">indoor air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanoparticle" title=" carbon nanoparticle"> carbon nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lpg" title=" lpg"> lpg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partially%20premixed%20flame" title=" partially premixed flame"> partially premixed flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20techniques" title=" optical techniques"> optical techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68518/existence-of-nano-organic-carbon-particles-below-the-size-range-of-10-nm-in-the-indoor-air-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3271</span> Entomological Origin of Honey Discriminated by NMR Chloroform Extracts in Ecuadorian Honey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vit">P. Vit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Uddin"> J. Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Zuccato"> V. Zuccato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Maza"> F. Maza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Schievano"> E. Schievano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ecuador honeys are produced by Apis mellifera and stingless bees (Meliponini). We studied honey produced in beeswax combs by Apis mellifera, and honey produced in pots by Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona bees. Chloroform extracts of honey were obtained for fast NMR spectra. The 1D spectra were acquired at 298 K, with a 600 MHz NMR Bruker instrument, using a modified double pulsed field gradient spin echoes (DPFGSE) sequence. Signals of 1H NMR spectra were integrated and used as inputs for PCA, PLS-DA analysis, and labelled sets of classes were successfully identified, enhancing the separation between the three groups of honey according to the entomological origin: A. mellifera, Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona. This procedure is therefore recommended for authenticity test of honey in Ecuador. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apis%20mellifera" title="Apis mellifera">Apis mellifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey" title=" honey"> honey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1H%20NMR" title=" 1H NMR"> 1H NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomological%20origin" title=" entomological origin"> entomological origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meliponini" title=" meliponini "> meliponini </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24309/entomological-origin-of-honey-discriminated-by-nmr-chloroform-extracts-in-ecuadorian-honey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3270</span> Nanostructure Antireflective Sol-Gel Silica Coatings for Solar Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najme%20Lari">Najme Lari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrokh%20Ahangarani"> Shahrokh Ahangarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shanaghi"> Ali Shanaghi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sol-gel technology is a promising manufacturing method to produce anti reflective silica thin films for solar energy applications. So to improve the properties of the films, controlling parameter of the sol - gel method is very important. In this study, soaking treatment effect on optical properties of silica anti reflective thin films was investigated. UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectrophotometer and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used for the characterization of silica thin films. Results showed that all nanoporous silica layers cause to considerable reduction of light reflections compared with uncoated glasses. With single layer deposition, the amount of reduction depends on the dipping time of coating and has an optimal time. Also, it was found that solar transmittance increased from 91.5% for the bare slide up to 97.5% for the best made sample corresponding to two deposition cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol%E2%80%93gel" title="sol–gel">sol–gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20thin%20films" title=" silica thin films"> silica thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20reflective%20coatings" title=" anti reflective coatings"> anti reflective coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soaking%20treatment" title=" soaking treatment"> soaking treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23222/nanostructure-antireflective-sol-gel-silica-coatings-for-solar-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3269</span> Photoswitchable and Polar-Dependent Fluorescence of Diarylethenes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Lazareva">Sofia Lazareva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artem%20Smolentsev"> Artem Smolentsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluorescent photochromic materials collect strong interest due to their possible application in organic photonics such as optical logic systems, optical memory, visualizing sensors, as well as characterization of polymers and biological systems. In photochromic fluorescence switching systems the emission of fluorophore is modulated between ‘on’ and ‘off’ via the photoisomerization of photochromic moieties resulting in effective resonance energy transfer (FRET). In current work, we have studied both photochromic and fluorescent properties of several diarylethenes. It was found that coloured forms of these compounds are not fluorescent because of the efficient intramolecular energy transfer. Spectral and photochromic parameters of investigated substances have been measured in five solvents having different polarity. Quantum yields of photochromic transformation A↔B ΦA→B and ΦB→A as well as B isomer extinction coefficients were determined by kinetic method. It was found that the photocyclization reaction quantum yield of all compounds decreases with the increase of solvent polarity. In addition, the solvent polarity is revealed to affect fluorescence significantly. Increasing of the solvent dielectric constant was found to result in a strong shift of emission band position from 450 nm (nhexane) to 550 nm (DMSO and ethanol) for all three compounds. Moreover, the emission intensive in polar solvents becomes weak and hardly detectable in n-hexane. The only one exception in the described dependence is abnormally low fluorescence quantum yield in ethanol presumably caused by the loss of electron-donating properties of nitrogen atom due to the protonation. An effect of the protonation was also confirmed by the addition of concentrated HCl in solution resulting in a complete disappearance of the fluorescent band. Excited state dynamics were investigated by ultrafast optical spectroscopy methods. Kinetic curves of excited states absorption and fluorescence decays were measured. Lifetimes of transient states were calculated from the data measured. The mechanism of ring opening reaction was found to be polarity dependent. Comparative analysis of kinetics measured in acetonitrile and hexane reveals differences in relaxation dynamics after the laser pulse. The most important fact is the presence of two decay processes in acetonitrile, whereas only one is present in hexane. This fact supports an assumption made on the basis of steady-state preliminary experiments that in polar solvents occur stabilization of TICT state. Thus, results achieved prove the hypothesis of two channel mechanism of energy relaxation of compounds studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarylethenes" title="diarylethenes">diarylethenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20switching" title=" fluorescence switching"> fluorescence switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRET" title=" FRET"> FRET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photochromism" title=" photochromism"> photochromism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TICT%20state" title=" TICT state"> TICT state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61191/photoswitchable-and-polar-dependent-fluorescence-of-diarylethenes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3268</span> Spectral Broadening in an InGaAsP Optical Waveguide with χ(3) Nonlinearity Including Two Photon Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keigo%20Matsuura">Keigo Matsuura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isao%20Tomita"> Isao Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have studied a method to widen the spectrum of optical pulses that pass through an InGaAsP waveguide for application to broadband optical communication. In particular, we have investigated the competitive effect between spectral broadening arising from nonlinear refraction (optical Kerr effect) and shrinking due to two photon absorption in the InGaAsP waveguide with chi^(3) nonlinearity. The shrunk spectrum recovers broadening by the enhancement effect of the nonlinear refractive index near the bandgap of InGaAsP with a bandgap wavelength of 1490 nm. The broadened spectral width at around 1525 nm (196.7 THz) becomes 10.7 times wider than that at around 1560 nm (192.3 THz) without the enhancement effect, where amplified optical pulses with a pulse width of 2 ps and a peak power of 10 W propagate through a 1-cm-long InGaAsP waveguide with a cross-section of 4 um^2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InGaAsP%20waveguide" title="InGaAsP waveguide">InGaAsP waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%5E%283%29%20nonlinearity" title=" Chi^(3) nonlinearity"> Chi^(3) nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20broadening" title=" spectral broadening"> spectral broadening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photon%20absorption" title=" photon absorption "> photon absorption </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13656/spectral-broadening-in-an-ingaasp-optical-waveguide-with-kh3-nonlinearity-including-two-photon-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3267</span> A Review on Benzo(a)pyrene Emission Factors from Biomass Combustion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franziska%20Klauser">Franziska Klauser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Schwabl"> Manuel Schwabl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Weissinger"> Alexander Weissinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Schmidl"> Christoph Schmidl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Haslinger"> Walter Haslinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Kasper-Giebl"> Anne Kasper-Giebl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is the most widely investigated representative of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as one of the most toxic compounds in this group. Since 2013 in the European Union a limit value for BaP concentration in the ambient air is applied, which was set to a yearly average value of 1 ng m-3. Several reports show that in some regions, even where industry and traffic are of minor impact this threshold is regularly exceeded. This is taken as proof that biomass combustion for heating purposes contributes significantly to BaP pollution. Several investigations have been already carried out on the BaP emission behavior of biomass combustion furnaces, mostly focusing on a certain aspect like the influences from wood type, of operation type or of technology type. However, a superior view on emission patterns of BaP from biomass combustion and the aggregation of determined values also from recent studies is not presented so far. The combination of determined values allows a better understanding of the BaP emission behavior from biomass combustion. In this work the review conclusions are driven from the combination of outcomes from different publication. In two examples it was shown that technical progress leads to 10 to 100 fold lower BaP emission from modern furnaces compared to old technologies of equivalent type. It was also indicated that the operation with pellets or wood chips exhibits clearly lower BaP emission factors compared to operation with log wood. Although, the BaP emission level from automatic furnaces is strongly impacted by the kind of operation. This work delivers an overview on BaP emission factors from different biomass combustion appliances, from different operation modes and from the combustion of different fuel and wood types. The main impact factors are depicted, and suggestions for low BaP emission biomass combustion are derived. As one result possible investigation fields concerning BaP emissions from biomass combustion that seem to be most important to be clarified are suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzo%28a%29pyrene" title="benzo(a)pyrene">benzo(a)pyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58928/a-review-on-benzoapyrene-emission-factors-from-biomass-combustion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3266</span> Outdoor Anomaly Detection with a Spectroscopic Line Detector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20G.%20Somsen">O. J. G. Somsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the tasks of optical surveillance is to detect anomalies in large amounts of image data. However, if the size of the anomaly is very small, limited information is available to distinguish it from the surrounding environment. Spectral detection provides a useful source of additional information and may help to detect anomalies with a size of a few pixels or less. Unfortunately, spectral cameras are expensive because of the difficulty of separating two spatial in addition to one spectral dimension. We investigate the possibility of modifying a simpler spectral line detector for outdoor detection. This may be especially useful if the area of interest forms a line, such as the horizon. We use a monochrome CCD that also enables detection into the near infrared. A simple camera is attached to the setup to determine which part of the environment is spectrally imaged. Our preliminary results indicate that sensitive detection of very small targets is indeed possible. Spectra could be taken from the various targets by averaging columns in the line image. By imaging a set of lines of various width we found narrow lines that could not be seen in the color image but remained visible in the spectral line image. A simultaneous analysis of the entire spectra can produce better results than visual inspection of the line spectral image. We are presently developing calibration targets for spatial and spectral focusing and alignment with the spatial camera. This will present improved results and more use in outdoor application <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly%20detection" title="anomaly detection">anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopic%20line%20imaging" title=" spectroscopic line imaging"> spectroscopic line imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20analysis" title=" image analysis"> image analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20detection" title=" outdoor detection "> outdoor detection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34329/outdoor-anomaly-detection-with-a-spectroscopic-line-detector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3265</span> Innovative Acoustic Emission Techniques for Concrete Health Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Ali">Rahmat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beenish%20Khan"> Beenish Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftabullah"> Aftabullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20A.%20Shah"> Abid A. Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is an attempt to investigate the wide range of events using acoustic emission (AE) sensors of the concrete cubes subjected to different stress condition loading and unloading of concrete cubes. A total of 27 specimens were prepared and tested including 18 cubic (6”x6”x6”) and nine cylindrical (4”x8”) specimens were molded from three batches of concrete using w/c of 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60. The compressive strength of concrete was determined from concrete cylinder specimens. The deterioration of concrete was evaluated using the occurrence of felicity and Kaiser effects at each stress condition. It was found that acoustic emission hits usually exceeded when damage increases. Additionally, the correlation between AE techniques and the load applied were determined by plotting the normalized values. The influence of w/c on sensitivity of the AE technique in detecting concrete damages was also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title="acoustic emission">acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=felicity%20ratio" title=" felicity ratio"> felicity ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53667/innovative-acoustic-emission-techniques-for-concrete-health-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3264</span> Transport Emission Inventories and Medical Exposure Modeling: A Missing Link for Urban Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederik%20Schulte">Frederik Schulte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Vo%C3%9F"> Stefan Voß</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adverse effects of air pollution on public health are an increasingly vital problem in planning for urban regions in many parts of the world. The issue is addressed from various angles and by distinct disciplines in research. Epidemiological studies model the relative increase of numerous diseases in response to an increment of different forms of air pollution. A significant share of air pollution in urban regions is related to transport emissions that are often measured and stored in emission inventories. Though, most approaches in transport planning, engineering, and operational design of transport activities are restricted to general emission limits for specific air pollutants and do not consider more nuanced exposure models. We conduct an extensive literature review on exposure models and emission inventories used to study the health impact of transport emissions. Furthermore, we review methods applied in both domains and use emission inventory data of transportation hubs such as ports, airports, and urban traffic for an in-depth analysis of public health impacts deploying medical exposure models. The results reveal specific urban health risks related to transport emissions that may improve urban planning for environmental health by providing insights in actual health effects instead of only referring to general emission limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20inventories" title="emission inventories">emission inventories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20models" title=" exposure models"> exposure models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20emissions" title=" transport emissions"> transport emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20health" title=" urban health"> urban health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58125/transport-emission-inventories-and-medical-exposure-modeling-a-missing-link-for-urban-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3263</span> Growth and Characterization of Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) Nanorods by Reactive Ion Beam Sputter Deposition (Ibsd) Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assamen%20Ayalew%20Ejigu">Assamen Ayalew Ejigu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang-Chiun%20%20Chao"> Liang-Chiun Chao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent semiconductor and nanotechnology, quality material synthesis, proper characterizations, and productions are the big challenges. As cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising semiconductor material for photovoltaic (PV) and other optoelectronic applications, this study was aimed at to grow and characterize high quality Cu2O nanorods for the improvement of the efficiencies of thin film solar cells and other potential applications. In this study, well-structured cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanorods were successfully fabricated using IBSD method in which the Cu2O samples were grown on silicon substrates with a substrate temperature of 400°C in an IBSD chamber of pressure of 4.5 x 10-5 torr using copper as a target material. Argon, and oxygen gases were used as a sputter and reactive gases, respectively. The characterization of the Cu2O nanorods (NRs) were done in comparison with Cu2O thin film (TF) deposited with the same method but with different Ar:O2 flow rates. With Ar:O2 ratio of 9:1 single phase pure polycrystalline Cu2O NRs with diameter of ~500 nm and length of ~4.5 µm were grow. Increasing the oxygen flow rates, pure single phase polycrystalline Cu2O thin film (TF) was found at Ar:O2 ratio of 6:1. The field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements showed that both samples have smooth morphologies. X-ray diffraction and Rama scattering measurements reveals the presence of single phase Cu2O in both samples. The differences in Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) bands of the two samples were also investigated and the results showed us there are differences in intensities, in number of bands and in band positions. Raman characterization shows that the Cu2O NRs sample has pronounced Raman band intensities, higher numbers of Raman bands than the Cu2O TF which has only one second overtone Raman signal at 2 (217 cm-1). The temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements, showed that the defect luminescent band centered at 720 nm (1.72 eV) is the dominant one for the Cu2O NRs and the 640 nm (1.937 eV) band was the only PL band observed from the Cu2O TF. The difference in optical and structural properties of the samples comes from the oxygen flow rate change in the process window of the samples deposition. This gave us a roadmap for further investigation of the electrical and other optical properties for the tunable fabrication of the Cu2O nano/micro structured sample for the improvement of the efficiencies of thin film solar cells in addition to other potential applications. Finally, the novel morphologies, excellent structural and optical properties seen exhibits the grown Cu2O NRs sample has enough quality to be used in further research of the nano/micro structured semiconductor materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect%20levels" title="defect levels">defect levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanorods" title=" nanorods"> nanorods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20modes" title=" Raman modes"> Raman modes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58523/growth-and-characterization-of-cuprous-oxide-cu2o-nanorods-by-reactive-ion-beam-sputter-deposition-ibsd-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3262</span> Biodiesel Is an Alternative Fuel for CI Engines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanat%20Kumar">Sanat Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Kumar%20Tiwari"> Rahul Kumar Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At this time when society is becoming increasingly aware of the declining reserves of fossil, it has become apparent that biodiesel is destined to make a substantial contribution to the future energy demands of the domestic and industrial economies. In this regard, the significance of biodiesel is technically and commercially viable alternative to fossil-diesel. There are different potential feed stocks for biodiesel production. This paper analyses the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different feed stocks. Biodiesel fuel is considered as offering many benefits like reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and many harmful pollutants (PM, HC, CO etc.). This paper critically reviews the effect of injection timing on combustion and emission characteristics. An attempt has been carried out to discuss the effect of biodiesel in terms of combustion, emission and performance based up on composition and properties. The results of the study show that different chemical composition leads to variation in its combustion, performance and emission characteristics. Biodiesel produced from different aspired feed stocks reduces the pollutant emission and resistive to oxidation but exhibit poor atomization. As a conclusion many research needs to be carried out to understand the relationship between the types of biodiesel feed stock, performance conclusion and emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomization" title="atomization">atomization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35736/biodiesel-is-an-alternative-fuel-for-ci-engines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3261</span> Application of the Global Optimization Techniques to the Optical Thin Film Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Li">D. Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical thin films are used in a wide variety of optical components and there are many software tools programmed for advancing multilayer thin film design. The available software packages for designing the thin film structure may not provide optimum designs. Normally, almost all current software programs obtain their final designs either from optimizing a starting guess or by technique, which may or may not involve a pseudorandom process, that give different answers every time, depending upon the initial conditions. With the increasing power of personal computers, functional methods in optimization and synthesis of optical multilayer systems have been developed such as DGL Optimization, Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithms, Needle Optimization, Inductive Optimization and Flip-Flop Optimization. Among these, DGL Optimization has proved its efficiency in optical thin film designs. The application of the DGL optimization technique to the design of optical coating is presented. A DGL optimization technique is provided, and its main features are discussed. Guidelines on the application of the DGL optimization technique to various types of design problems are given. The innovative global optimization strategies used in a software tool, OnlyFilm, to optimize multilayer thin film designs through different filter designs are outlined. OnlyFilm is a powerful, versatile, and user-friendly thin film software on the market, which combines optimization and synthesis design capabilities with powerful analytical tools for optical thin film designers. It is also the only thin film design software that offers a true global optimization function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20coatings" title="optical coatings">optical coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20software" title=" design software"> design software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20design" title=" thin film design"> thin film design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80917/application-of-the-global-optimization-techniques-to-the-optical-thin-film-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3260</span> Special Single Mode Fiber Tests of Polarization Mode Dispersion Changes in a Harsh Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Bohata">Jan Bohata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20Zvanovec"> Stanislav Zvanovec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matej%20Komanec"> Matej Komanec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Jaros"> Jakub Jaros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Hruby"> David Hruby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though there is a rapid development in new optical networks, still optical communication infrastructures remain composed of thousands of kilometers of aging optical cables. Many of them are located in a harsh environment which contributes to an increased attenuation or induced birefringence of the fibers leading to the increase of polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In this paper, we report experimental results from environmental optical cable tests and characterization in the climate chamber. We focused on the evaluation of optical network reliability in a harsh environment. For this purpose, a special thermal chamber was adopted, targeting to the large temperature changes between -60 °C and 160 C° with defined humidity. Single mode optical cable 230 meters long, having six tubes and a total number of 72 single mode optical fibers was spliced together forming one fiber link, which was afterward tested in the climate chamber. The main emphasis was put to the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) changes, which were evaluated by three different PMD measuring methods (general interferometry technique, scrambled state-of-polarization analysis and polarization optical time domain reflectometer) in order to fully validate obtained results. Moreover, attenuation and chromatic dispersion (CD), as well as the PMD, were monitored using 17 km long single mode optical cable. Results imply a strong PMD dependence on thermal changes, imposing the exceeding 200 % of its value during the exposure to extreme temperatures and experienced more than 20 dB insertion losses in the optical system. The derived statistic is provided in the paper together with an evaluation of such as optical system reliability, which could be a crucial tool for the optical network designers. The environmental tests are further taken in context to our previously published results from long-term monitoring of fundamental parameters within an optical cable placed in a harsh environment in a special outdoor testbed. Finally, we provide a correlation between short-term and long-term monitoring campaigns and statistics, which are necessary for optical network safety and reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title="optical fiber">optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20mode%20dispersion" title=" polarization mode dispersion"> polarization mode dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harsh%20environment" title=" harsh environment"> harsh environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67340/special-single-mode-fiber-tests-of-polarization-mode-dispersion-changes-in-a-harsh-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3259</span> Growth Mechanism and Sensing Behaviour of Sn Doped ZnO Nanoprisms Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudip%20Kumar%20Sinha">Sudip Kumar Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saptarshi%20Ghosh"> Saptarshi Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While there’s a perpetual buzz around zinc oxide (ZnO) superstructures for their unique optical features, the versatile material has been constantly utilized to manifest tailored electronic properties through rendition of distinct morphologies. And yet, the unorthodox approach of implementing the novel 1D nanostructures of ZnO (pristine or doped) for volatile sensing applications has ample scope to accommodate new unconventional morphologies. In the last two decades, solid-state sensors have attracted much curiosity for their relevance in identifying pollutant, toxic and other industrial gases. In particular gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconducting (wide Eg) nanomaterials have recently attracted intensive attention owing to their high sensitivity and fast response and recovery time. These materials when exposed to air, the atmospheric O2 dissociates and get absorb on the surface of the sensors by trapping the outermost shell electrons. Finally a depleted zone on the surface of the sensors is formed, that enhances the potential barrier height at grain boundary . Once a target gas is exposed to the sensor, the chemical interaction between the chemisorbed oxygen and the specific gas liberates the trapped electrons. Therefore altering the amount of adsorbate is a considerable approach to improve the sensitivity of any target gas/vapour molecule. Likewise, this study presents a spontaneous but self catalytic creation of Sn-doped ZnO hexagonal nanoprisms on Si (100) substrates through thermal evaporation-condensation method, and their subsequent deployment for volatile sensing. In particular, the sensors were utilized to detect molecules of ethanol, acetone and ammonia below their permissible exposure limits which returned sensitivities of around 85%, 80% and 50% respectively. The influence of Sn concentration on the growth, microstructural and optical properties of the nanoprisms along with its role in augmenting the sensing parameters has been detailed. The single-crystalline nanostructures have a typical diameter ranging from 300 to 500 nm and a length that extends up to few micrometers. HRTEM images confirmed the hexagonal crystallography for the nanoprisms, while SAED pattern asserted the single crystalline nature. The growth habit is along the low index <0001>directions. It has been seen that the growth mechanism of the as-deposited nanostructures are directly influenced by varying supersaturation ratio, fairly high substrate temperatures, and specified surface defects in certain crystallographic planes, all acting cooperatively decide the final product morphology. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of this rod like structures exhibits a weak ultraviolet (UV) emission peak at around 380 nm and a broad green emission peak in the 505 nm regime. An estimate of the sensing parameters against dispensed target molecules highlighted the potential for the nanoprisms as an effective volatile sensing material. The Sn-doped ZnO nanostructures with unique prismatic morphology may find important applications in various chemical sensors as well as other potential nanodevices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title="gas sensor">gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRTEM" title=" HRTEM"> HRTEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70893/growth-mechanism-and-sensing-behaviour-of-sn-doped-zno-nanoprisms-prepared-by-thermal-evaporation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3258</span> Anisotropic Approach for Discontinuity Preserving in Optical Flow Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushpendra%20Kumar">Pushpendra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar"> Sanjeev Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Balasubramanian"> R. Balasubramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Estimation of optical flow from a sequence of images using variational methods is one of the most successful approach. Discontinuity between different motions is one of the challenging problem in flow estimation. In this paper, we design a new anisotropic diffusion operator, which is able to provide smooth flow over a region and efficiently preserve discontinuity in optical flow. This operator is designed on the basis of intensity differences of the pixels and isotropic operator using exponential function. The combination of these are used to control the propagation of flow. Experimental results on the different datasets verify the robustness and accuracy of the algorithm and also validate the effect of anisotropic operator in the discontinuity preserving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20flow" title="optical flow">optical flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variational%20methods" title=" variational methods"> variational methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20operator" title=" anisotropic operator"> anisotropic operator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20827/anisotropic-approach-for-discontinuity-preserving-in-optical-flow-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">873</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3257</span> Optical Analysis of the Plasmon Resonances of Gold Nano-Ring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Mostafavi">Mehrnaz Mostafavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research aims to explore a method for creating nano-ring structures through chemical reduction. By employing a direct reduction process at a controlled, slow pace, and concurrently introducing specific reduction agents, the goal is to fabricate these unique nano-ring formations. The deliberate slow reduction of nanoparticles within this process helps prevent spatial hindrances caused by the reduction agents. The timing of the reduction of metal atoms, facilitated by these agents, emerges as a crucial factor influencing the creation of nano-ring structures. In investigation involves a chemical approach utilizing bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin as organic reducing agents to produce gold nano-rings. The controlled reduction of metal atoms at a slow pace and under specific pH conditions plays a pivotal role in the successful fabrication of these nanostructures. Optical spectroscopic analyses revealed distinctive plasmonic behavior in both visible and infrared spectra, owing to the collective movement of electrons along the inner and outer walls of the gold nano-rings. Importantly, these ring-shaped nanoparticles exhibit customizable plasmon resonances in the near-infrared spectrum, a characteristic absent in solid particles of similar sizes. This unique attribute makes the generated samples valuable for applications in Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, leveraging the distinct optical properties of these nanostructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-ring%20structure" title="nano-ring structure">nano-ring structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-particles" title=" nano-particles"> nano-particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reductant%20agents" title=" reductant agents"> reductant agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmon%20resonace" title=" plasmon resonace"> plasmon resonace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179194/optical-analysis-of-the-plasmon-resonances-of-gold-nano-ring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3256</span> Microstructure Analysis and Multiple Photoluminescence in High Temperature Electronic Conducting InZrZnO Thin Films </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jayaram">P. Jayaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasoon%20Prasannan"> Prasoon Prasannan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Deepak"> N. K. Deepak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20P.%20Pradyumnan"> P. P. Pradyumnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indium and Zirconium co doped zinc oxide (InZrZnO) thin films are prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on pre-heated quartz substrates. The films are subjected to vacuum annealing at 400ᵒC for three hours in an appropriate air (10-5mbar) ambience after deposition. X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra and photoluminescence are used to characterize the films. Temperature dependent electrical measurements are conducted on the films and the films exhibit exceptional conductivity at higher temperatures. XRD analysis shows that all the films prepared in this work have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite sizes of the films were calculated using Scherrer’s formula, and uniform deformation model (UDM) of Williamson-Hall method is used to establish the micro-strain values. The dislocation density is determined from the Williamson and Smallman’s formula. Intense, broad and strongly coupled multiple photoluminescence were observed from photoluminescence spectra. PL indicated relatively high concentration defective oxygen and Zn vacancies in the film composition. Strongly coupled ultraviolet near blue emissions authenticate that the dopants are capable of inducing modulated free excitonic (FX), donor accepter pair (DAP) and longitudinal optical phonon emissions in thin films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PL" title="PL">PL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCOs" title=" TCOs"> TCOs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44720/microstructure-analysis-and-multiple-photoluminescence-in-high-temperature-electronic-conducting-inzrzno-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3255</span> Reducing CO2 Emission Using EDA and Weighted Sum Model in Smart Parking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahman%20Ali">Rahman Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad"> Muhammad Sajjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farkhund%20Iqbal"> Farkhund Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sadiq%20Hassan%20Zada"> Muhammad Sadiq Hassan Zada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussain"> Mohammed Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has adversely affected the environment. One of the major sources of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission is transportation. In the last few decades, the increase in mobility of people using vehicles has enormously increased the emission of CO<sub>2</sub> in the environment. To reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission, sustainable transportation system is required in which smart parking is one of the important measures that need to be established. To contribute to the issue of reducing the amount of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission, this research proposes a smart parking system. A cloud-based solution is provided to the drivers which automatically searches and recommends the most preferred parking slots. To determine preferences of the parking areas, this methodology exploits a number of unique parking features which ultimately results in the selection of a parking that leads to minimum level of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission from the current position of the vehicle. To realize the methodology, a scenario-based implementation is considered. During the implementation, a mobile application with GPS signals, vehicles with a number of vehicle features and a list of parking areas with parking features are used by sorting, multi-level filtering, exploratory data analysis (EDA, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)) and weighted sum model (WSM) to rank the parking areas and recommend the drivers with top-k most preferred parking areas. In the EDA process, “2020testcar-2020-03-03”, a freely available dataset is used to estimate CO<sub>2 </sub>emission of a particular vehicle. To evaluate the system, results of the proposed system are compared with the conventional approach, which reveal that the proposed methodology supersedes the conventional one in reducing the emission of CO<sub>2 </sub>into the atmosphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20parking" title="car parking">car parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co2" title=" Co2"> Co2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co2%20reduction" title=" Co2 reduction"> Co2 reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merge%20sort" title=" merge sort"> merge sort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20plate%20recognition" title=" number plate recognition"> number plate recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20car%20parking" title=" smart car parking"> smart car parking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128420/reducing-co2-emission-using-eda-and-weighted-sum-model-in-smart-parking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3254</span> Characterization of the Dispersion Phenomenon in an Optical Biosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Shik%20Yang">An-Shik Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Ting%20Kuo"> Chin-Ting Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Chun%20Yang"> Yung-Chun Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsin%20Hsieh"> Wen-Hsin Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical biosensors have become a powerful detection and analysis tool for wide-ranging applications in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals and environmental monitoring. This study carried out the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations to explore the dispersion phenomenon in the microchannel of a optical biosensor. The predicted time sequences of concentration contours were utilized to better understand the dispersion development occurred in different geometric shapes of microchannels. The simulation results showed the surface concentrations at the sensing probe (with the best performance of a grating coupler) in respect of time to appraise the dispersion effect and therefore identify the design configurations resulting in minimum dispersion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulations" title="CFD simulations">CFD simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic" title=" microfluidic"> microfluidic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20waveguide%20sensors" title=" optical waveguide sensors"> optical waveguide sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24715/characterization-of-the-dispersion-phenomenon-in-an-optical-biosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3253</span> Variability Studies of Seyfert Galaxies Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer Observations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Anjum">Ayesha Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arbaz%20Basha"> Arbaz Basha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are the actively accreting centers of the galaxies that host supermassive black holes. AGN emits radiation in all wavelengths and also shows variability across all the wavelength bands. The analysis of flux variability tells us about the morphology of the site of emission radiation. Some of the major classifications of AGN are (a) Blazars, with featureless spectra. They are subclassified as BLLacertae objects, Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), and others; (b) Seyferts with prominent emission line features are classified into Broad Line, Narrow Line Seyferts of Type 1 and Type 2 (c) quasars, and other types. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an optical telescope based in Mexico that has observed and classified billions of objects based on automated photometric and spectroscopic methods. A sample of blazars is obtained from the third Fermi catalog. For variability analysis, we searched for light curves for these objects in Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Near Earth Orbit WISE (NEOWISE) in two bands: W1 (3.4 microns) and W2 (4.6 microns), reducing the final sample to 256 objects. These objects are also classified into 155 BLLacs, 99 FSRQs, and 2 Narrow Line Seyferts, namely, PMNJ0948+0022 and PKS1502+036. Mid-infrared variability studies of these objects would be a contribution to the literature. With this as motivation, the present work is focused on studying a final sample of 256 objects in general and the Seyferts in particular. Owing to the fact that the classification is automated, SDSS has miclassified these objects into quasars, galaxies, and stars. Reasons for the misclassification are explained in this work. The variability analysis of these objects is done using the method of flux amplitude variability and excess variance. The sample consists of observations in both W1 and W2 bands. PMN J0948+0022 is observed between MJD from 57154.79 to 58810.57. PKS 1502+036 is observed between MJD from 57232.42 to 58517.11, which amounts to a period of over six years. The data is divided into different epochs spanning not more than 1.2 days. In all the epochs, the sources are found to be variable in both W1 and W2 bands. This confirms that the object is variable in mid-infrared wavebands in both long and short timescales. Also, the sources are observed for color variability. Objects either show a bluer when brighter trend (BWB) or a redder when brighter trend (RWB). The possible claim for the object to be BWB (present objects) is that the longer wavelength radiation emitted by the source can be suppressed by the high-energy radiation from the central source. Another result is that the smallest radius of the emission source is one day since the epoch span used in this work is one day. The mass of the black holes at the centers of these sources is found to be less than or equal to 108 solar masses, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20galaxies" title="active galaxies">active galaxies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyfert%20galaxies" title=" Seyfert galaxies"> Seyfert galaxies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDSS" title=" SDSS"> SDSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WISE" title=" WISE"> WISE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149550/variability-studies-of-seyfert-galaxies-using-sloan-digital-sky-survey-and-wide-field-infrared-survey-explorer-observations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3252</span> Study of Chemical State Analysis of Rubidium Compounds in Lα, Lβ₁, Lβ₃,₄ and Lγ₂,₃ X-Ray Emission Lines with Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harpreet%20Singh%20Kainth">Harpreet Singh Kainth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rubidium salts have been commonly used as an electrolyte to improve the efficiency cycle of Li-ion batteries. In recent years, it has been implemented into the large scale for further technological advances to improve the performance rate and better cyclability in the batteries. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful tool for obtaining the information in the electronic structure which involves the chemical state analysis in the active materials used in the batteries. However, this technique is not well suited for the industrial applications because it needs a synchrotron X-ray source and special sample file for in-situ measurements. In contrast to this, conventional wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer is nondestructive technique used to study the chemical shift in all transitions (K, L, M, …) and does not require any special pre-preparation planning. In the present work, the fluorescent Lα, Lβ₁ , Lβ₃,₄ and Lγ₂,₃ X-ray spectra of rubidium in different chemical forms (Rb₂CO₃ , RbCl, RbBr, and RbI) have been measured first time with high resolution wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer (Model: S8 TIGER, Bruker, Germany), equipped with an Rh anode X-ray tube (4-kW, 60 kV and 170 mA). In ₃₇Rb compounds, the measured energy shifts are in the range (-0.45 to - 1.71) eV for Lα X-ray peak, (0.02 to 0.21) eV for Lβ₁ , (0.04 to 0.21) eV for Lβ₃ , (0.15 to 0.43) eV for Lβ₄ and (0.22 to 0.75) eV for Lγ₂,₃ X-ray emission lines. The chemical shifts in rubidium compounds have been measured by considering Rb₂CO₃ compounds taking as a standard reference. A Voigt function is used to determine the central peak position of all compounds. Both positive and negative shifts have been observed in L shell emission lines. In Lα X-ray emission lines, all compounds show negative shift while in Lβ₁, Lβ₃,₄, and Lγ₂,₃ X-ray emission lines, all compounds show a positive shift. These positive and negative shifts result increase or decrease in X-ray energy shifts. It looks like that ligands attached with central metal atom attract or repel the electrons towards or away from the parent nucleus. This pulling and pushing character of rubidium affects the central peak position of the compounds which causes a chemical shift. To understand the chemical effect more briefly, factors like electro-negativity, line intensity ratio, effective charge and bond length are responsible for the chemical state analysis in rubidium compounds. The effective charge has been calculated from Suchet and Pauling method while the line intensity ratio has been calculated by calculating the area under the relevant emission peak. In the present work, it has been observed that electro-negativity, effective charge and intensity ratio (Lβ₁/Lα, Lβ₃,₄/Lα and Lγ₂,₃/Lα) are inversely proportional to the chemical shift (RbCl > RbBr > RbI), while bond length has been found directly proportional to the chemical shift (RbI > RbBr > RbCl). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20shift%20in%20L%20emission%20lines" title="chemical shift in L emission lines">chemical shift in L emission lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20length" title=" bond length"> bond length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-negativity" title=" electro-negativity"> electro-negativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20charge" title=" effective charge"> effective charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20ratio" title=" intensity ratio"> intensity ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubidium%20compounds" title=" Rubidium compounds"> Rubidium compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDXRF%20spectrometer" title=" WDXRF spectrometer"> WDXRF spectrometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79838/study-of-chemical-state-analysis-of-rubidium-compounds-in-la-lv1-lv34-and-lgh23-x-ray-emission-lines-with-wavelength-dispersive-x-ray-fluorescence-spectrometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3251</span> 3D Label-Free Bioimaging of Native Tissue with Selective Plane Illumination Optical Microscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zhang">Jing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yvonne%20Reinwald"> Yvonne Reinwald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nick%20Poulson"> Nick Poulson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicia%20El%20Haj"> Alicia El Haj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung%20See"> Chung See</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20Somekh"> Mike Somekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Mather"> Melissa Mather</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomedical imaging of native tissue using light offers the potential to obtain excellent structural and functional information in a non-invasive manner with good temporal resolution. Image contrast can be derived from intrinsic absorption, fluorescence, or scatter, or through the use of extrinsic contrast. A major challenge in applying optical microscopy to in vivo tissue imaging is the effects of light attenuation which limits light penetration depth and achievable imaging resolution. Recently Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) has been used to map the 3D distribution of fluorophores dispersed in biological structures. In this approach, a focused sheet of light is used to illuminate the sample from the side to excite fluorophores within the sample of interest. Images are formed based on detection of fluorescence emission orthogonal to the illumination axis. By scanning the sample along the detection axis and acquiring a stack of images, 3D volumes can be obtained. The combination of rapid image acquisition speeds with the low photon dose to samples optical sectioning provides SPIM is an attractive approach for imaging biological samples in 3D. To date all implementations of SPIM rely on the use of fluorescence reporters be that endogenous or exogenous. This approach has the disadvantage that in the case of exogenous probes the specimens are altered from their native stage rendering them unsuitable for in vivo studies and in general fluorescence emission is weak and transient. Here we present for the first time to our knowledge a label-free implementation of SPIM that has downstream applications in the clinical setting. The experimental set up used in this work incorporates both label-free and fluorescent illumination arms in addition to a high specification camera that can be partitioned for simultaneous imaging of both fluorescent emission and scattered light from intrinsic sources of optical contrast in the sample being studied. This work first involved calibration of the imaging system and validation of the label-free method with well characterised fluorescent microbeads embedded in agarose gel. 3D constructs of mammalian cells cultured in agarose gel with varying cell concentrations were then imaged. A time course study to track cell proliferation in the 3D construct was also carried out and finally a native tissue sample was imaged. For each sample multiple images were obtained by scanning the sample along the axis of detection and 3D maps reconstructed. The results obtained validated label-free SPIM as a viable approach for imaging cells in a 3D gel construct and native tissue. This technique has the potential use in a near-patient environment that can provide results quickly and be implemented in an easy to use manner to provide more information with improved spatial resolution and depth penetration than current approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioimaging" title="bioimaging">bioimaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optics" title=" optics"> optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20plane%20illumination%20microscopy" title=" selective plane illumination microscopy"> selective plane illumination microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20imaging" title=" tissue imaging"> tissue imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56468/3d-label-free-bioimaging-of-native-tissue-with-selective-plane-illumination-optical-microscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3250</span> Spectral Properties of Fiber Bragg Gratings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Hamaizi">Y. Hamaizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Triki"> H. Triki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Akrmi"> A. El-Akrmi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the reflection spectra, group delay and dispersion of a uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are obtained. FBGs with two types of apodized variations of the refractive index were modeled to show how the side-lobes can be suppressed. Apodization techniques are used to get optimized reflection spectra. The simulation is based on solving coupled mode equations together with the transfer matrix method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20bragg%20gratings" title="fiber bragg gratings">fiber bragg gratings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled-mode%20theory" title=" coupled-mode theory"> coupled-mode theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectivity" title=" reflectivity"> reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apodization" title=" apodization"> apodization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22861/spectral-properties-of-fiber-bragg-gratings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">704</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3249</span> Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Graphene Quantum Dot-Loaded Metal-Organic Frameworks for Targeted Drug Delivery and Fluorescent Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Maeen%20Badshah">Sayed Maeen Badshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuen-Song%20Lin"> Kuen-Song Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrar%20Hussain"> Abrar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Hussain"> Jamshid Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liver cancer is a significant global health issue, ranking fifth in incidence and second in mortality. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease, particularly in regions with high prevalence. This study focuses on developing and characterizing fluorescent organometallic frameworks as distinct drug delivery carriers with potential applications in both the treatment and biological imaging of liver cancer. This work introduces two distinct organometallic frameworks: the cake-shaped GQD@NH₂-MIL-125 and the cross-shaped M8U6/FM8U6. The GQD@NH₂-MIL-125 framework is particularly noteworthy for its high fluorescence, making it an effective tool for biological imaging. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed specific diffraction peaks at 6.81ᵒ (011), 9.76ᵒ (002), and 11.69ᵒ (121), with an additional significant peak at 26ᵒ (2θ), corresponding to the carbon material. Morphological analysis using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the framework has a front particle size of 680 nm and a side particle size of 55±5 nm. High-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) images confirmed the successful attachment of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) onto the NH2-MIL-125 framework. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy identified crucial functional groups within the GQD@NH₂-MIL-125 structure, including O-Ti-O metal bonds within the 500 to 700 cm⁻¹ range, and N-H and C-N bonds at 1,646 cm⁻¹ and 1,164 cm⁻¹, respectively. BET isotherm analysis further revealed a specific surface area of 338.1 m²/g and an average pore size of 46.86 nm. This framework also demonstrated UV-active properties, as identified by UV-visible light spectra, and its photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed an emission peak around 430 nm when excited at 350 nm, indicating its potential as a fluorescent drug delivery carrier. In parallel, the cross-shaped M8U6/FM8U6 frameworks were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, which identified distinct peaks at 2θ = 7.4 (111), 8.5 (200), 9.2 (002), 10.8 (002), 12.1 (220), 16.7 (103), and 17.1 (400). FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and TEM analyses revealed particle sizes of 350±50 nm for M8U6 and 200±50 nm for FM8U6. These frameworks, synthesized from terephthalic acid (H₂BDC), displayed notable vibrational bonds, such as C=O at 1,650 cm⁻¹, Fe-O in MIL-88 at 520 cm⁻¹, and Zr-O in UIO-66 at 482 cm⁻¹. BET analysis showed specific surface areas of 740.1 m²/g with a pore size of 22.92 nm for M8U6 and 493.9 m²/g with a pore size of 35.44 nm for FM8U6. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectra confirmed the stability of Ti-O bonds in the frameworks, with bond lengths of 2.026 Å for MIL-125, 1.962 Å for NH₂-MIL-125, and 1.817 Å for GQD@NH₂-MIL-125. These findings highlight the potential of these organometallic frameworks for enhanced liver cancer therapy through precise drug delivery and imaging, representing a significant advancement in nanomaterial applications in biomedical science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20cancer%20cells" title="liver cancer cells">liver cancer cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20organic%20frameworks" title=" metal organic frameworks"> metal organic frameworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doxorubicin%20%28DOX%29" title=" Doxorubicin (DOX)"> Doxorubicin (DOX)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release." title=" drug release."> drug release.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194174/synthesis-and-characterization-of-ph-sensitive-graphene-quantum-dot-loaded-metal-organic-frameworks-for-targeted-drug-delivery-and-fluorescent-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3248</span> Determining the City Development Based on the Modeling of the Pollutant Emission from Power Plant by Using AERMOD Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasi%20Fakhrossadat">Abbasi Fakhrossadat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moharreri%20Mohammadamir"> Moharreri Mohammadamir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shadmanmahani%20Mohammadjavad"> Shadmanmahani Mohammadjavad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of cities can be influenced by various factors, including air pollution. In this study, the focus is on the city of Mashhad, which has four large power plants operating. The emission of pollutants from these power plants can have a significant impact on the quality of life and health of the city's residents. Therefore, modeling and analyzing the emission pattern of pollutants can provide useful information for urban decision-makers and help in estimating the urban development model. The aim of this research is to determine the direction of city development based on the modeling of pollutant emissions (NOX, CO, and PM10) from power plants in Mashhad. By using the AERMOD software, the release of these pollutants will be modeled and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20of%20air%20pollution" title="emission of air pollution">emission of air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20power%20plant" title=" thermal power plant"> thermal power plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AERMOD" title=" AERMOD"> AERMOD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168807/determining-the-city-development-based-on-the-modeling-of-the-pollutant-emission-from-power-plant-by-using-aermod-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3247</span> Investigation Of Eugan's, Optical Properties With Dft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahieddine.%20Bouabdellah">Bahieddine. Bouabdellah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benameur.%20Amiri"> Benameur. Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader.nouri"> Abdelkader.nouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Europium-doped gallium nitride (EuGaN) is a promising material for optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. This study investigates its optical properties using density functional theory (DFT) with the FP-LAPW method and MBJ+U correction. The simulation substitutes a gallium atom with europium in a hexagonal GaN lattice (6% doping). Distinct absorption peaks are observed in the optical analysis. These results highlight EuGaN's potential for various applications and pave the way for further research on rare earth-doped materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eugan" title="eugan">eugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fp-lapw" title=" fp-lapw"> fp-lapw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dft" title=" dft"> dft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wien2k" title=" wien2k"> wien2k</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mbj%20hubbard" title=" mbj hubbard"> mbj hubbard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185924/investigation-of-eugans-optical-properties-with-dft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3246</span> Efficient Backup Protection for Hybrid WDM/TDM GPON System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmahdi%20Mohammadine">Elmahdi Mohammadine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahouzi%20Esmail"> Ahouzi Esmail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najid%20Abdellah"> Najid Abdellah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This contribution aims to present a new protected hybrid WDM/TDM PON architecture using Wavelength Selective Switches and Optical Line Protection devices. The objective from using these technologies is to improve flexibility and enhance the protection of GPON networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wavlenght%20Division%20Multiplexed%20Passive%20Optical%20Network%20%28WDM-PON%29" title="Wavlenght Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON)">Wavlenght Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Time%20Division%20Multiplexed%20%20PON%20%28TDM-PON%29" title=" Time Division Multiplexed PON (TDM-PON)"> Time Division Multiplexed PON (TDM-PON)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Protection" title=" Protection"> Protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wavelength%20Selective%20Switches%20%28WSS%29" title=" Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS)"> Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Optical%20Line%20Protection%20%28OLP%29" title=" Optical Line Protection (OLP)"> Optical Line Protection (OLP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18804/efficient-backup-protection-for-hybrid-wdmtdm-gpon-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3245</span> Enhancement of Growth and Lipid Accumulation in Microalgae with Aggregation Induced Emission-Based Photosensitiser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharmin%20Ferdewsi%20Rakhi">Sharmin Ferdewsi Rakhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20M.%20Mohsinul%20Reza"> A. H. M. Mohsinul Reza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brynley%20Davies"> Brynley Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianzhong%20Wang"> Jianzhong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youhong%20Tang"> Youhong Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Qin"> Jian Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mass production of microalgae has become a focus of research owing to their promising aspects for sustainable food, biofunctional compounds, and biofuel feedstock. However, low lipid content with optimum algal biomass is still a challenge that must be resolved for commercial use. This research aims to determine the effects of light spectral shift and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on growth and lipid biosynthesis in a green microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE)-based photosensitisers, CN-TPAQ-PF6 ([C₃₂H₂₃N₄]+) with high ROS productivity, was introduced into the algal culture media separately for effective conversion of the green-yellow-light to the red spectra. The intense photon energy and high-photon flux density in the photosystems and ROS supplementation induced photosynthesis and lipid biogenesis. In comparison to the control, maximum algal growth (0.15 g/l) was achieved at 2 µM CN-TPAQ-PF6 exposure. A significant increase in total lipid accumulation (146.87 mg/g dry biomass) with high proportion of 10-Heptadecanoic acid (C17:1) linolenic acid (C18:2), α-linolenic acid (C18:3) was observed. The elevated level of cellular NADP/NADPH triggered the Acetyl-Co-A production in lipid biogenesis cascade. Furthermore, MTT analysis suggested that this nanomaterial is highly biocompatible on HaCat cell lines with 100% cell viability. This study reveals that the AIE-based approach can strongly impact algal biofactory development for sustainable food, healthy lipids and eco-friendly biofuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosensitiser" title=" photosensitiser"> photosensitiser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation-induced-emission" title=" aggregation-induced-emission"> aggregation-induced-emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20oxygen%20species" title=" reactive oxygen species"> reactive oxygen species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185488/enhancement-of-growth-and-lipid-accumulation-in-microalgae-with-aggregation-induced-emission-based-photosensitiser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3244</span> Effect of Transmission Distance on the Performance of Hybrid Configuration Using Non Return to Zero (NRZ) Pulse Format</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mais%20Wa%27ad">Mais Wa'ad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of transmission distance on the performance of hybrid configuration H 10-40 Gb/s with Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) pulse format, 100 GHz channel spacing, and Multiplexer/De-Multiplexer Band width (MUX/DEMUX BW) of 60 GHz has been investigated in this study. The laser Continuous Wave (CW) power launched into the modulator is set to 4 dBm. Eight neighboring DWDM channels are selected around 1550.12 nm carrying different data rates in hybrid optical communication systems travel through the same optical fiber and use the same passive and active optical modules. The simulation has been done using Optiwave Inc Optisys software. Usually, increasing distance will lead to decrease in performance; however this is not always the case, as the simulation conducted in this work, shows different system performance for each channel. This is due to differences in interaction between dispersion and non-linearity, and the differences in residual dispersion for each channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20and%20non-linearity%20interaction" title="dispersion and non-linearity interaction">dispersion and non-linearity interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20hybrid%20configuration" title=" optical hybrid configuration"> optical hybrid configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplexer%2Fde%20multiplexer%20bandwidth" title=" multiplexer/de multiplexer bandwidth"> multiplexer/de multiplexer bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-return%20to%20zero" title=" non-return to zero"> non-return to zero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20transmission%20distance" title=" optical transmission distance"> optical transmission distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optisys" title=" optisys"> optisys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33577/effect-of-transmission-distance-on-the-performance-of-hybrid-configuration-using-non-return-to-zero-nrz-pulse-format" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">559</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20emission%20spectra&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20emission%20spectra&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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