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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sound_and_vibration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sound_and_vibration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sound and vibration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sound_and_vibration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electromagnetic_radiation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electromagnetic_radiation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electromagnetic radiation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electromagnetic_radiation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravitational_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravitational_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Gravitational waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravitational_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Computers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SI_multiples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SI_multiples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>SI multiples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SI_multiples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hertz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هرتز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هرتز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herciu" title="Herciu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Herciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hers" title="Hers – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hers" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C" title="হার্জ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হার্জ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Герц (адзінка вымярэння) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герц (адзінка вымярэння)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%86" title="Гэрц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэрц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Херц – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Херц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧེར་ཚི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧེར་ཚི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc" title="Herc – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Herc" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8)" title="Герц (виçев пĕрчи) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Герц (виçев пĕрчи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(Einheit)" title="Hertz (Einheit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hertz (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herts" title="Herts – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Herts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Χερτζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χερτζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercio" title="Hercio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hercio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herco" title="Herco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هرتز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(ienheid)" title="Hertz (ienheid) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hertz (ienheid)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heirts" title="Heirts – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Heirts" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het-ts%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Het-tsṳ̂ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Het-tsṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0" title="헤르츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤르츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%81_(%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Հերց (չափման միավոր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հերց (չափման միավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="हर्ट्ज़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हर्ट्ज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc" title="Herc – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Herc" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herts" title="Herts – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Herts" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="הרץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ჰერცი (ერთეული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰერცი (ერთეული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Герц – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Герц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezi" title="Hezi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hezi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Герц – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Герц" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercs" title="Hercs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hercs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(Eenheet)" title="Hertz (Eenheet) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hertz (Eenheet)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercas" title="Hercas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hercas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Херц – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Херц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82)" title="ഹെർട്സ് (ഏകകം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെർട്സ് (ഏകകം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%9D" title="हर्ट्‌झ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हर्ट्‌झ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6)" title="Герц (нэгж) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герц (нэгж)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA" title="ဟက်ဇ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟက်ဇ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(eenheid)" title="Hertz (eenheid) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hertz (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84" title="ヘルツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(ianhaid)" title="Hertz (ianhaid) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hertz (ianhaid)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Герц (шотлымаш) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Герц (шотлымаш)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gers_(birlik)" title="Gers (birlik) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gers (birlik)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="ہرٹز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc" title="Herc – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Герц – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Герц" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Герц (единица измерения) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герц (единица измерения)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herci" title="Herci – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Herci" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz_(jednotka)" title="Hertz (jednotka) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hertz (jednotka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc" title="Herc – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Herc" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Херц – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Херц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herc" title="Herc – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Herc" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertsi" title="Hertsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hertsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ஏர்ட்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏர்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86_(%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%87%D3%99%D2%AF_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5)" title="Герц (үлчәү берәмлеге) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Герц (үлчәү берәмлеге)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="హెర్ట్జ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హెర్ట్జ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="เฮิรตซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮิรตซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81" title="Ҳертс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳертс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Герц – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="ہرٹز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہرٹز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hertz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="赫兹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%B2" title="赫茲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="赫茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B9" title="赫兹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39369#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hertz" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">SI unit for frequency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unit measure. For the car rental company, see <a href="/wiki/Hertz_Global_Holdings" title="Hertz Global Holdings">Hertz Global Holdings</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hertz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hertz (disambiguation)">Hertz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hz" and "Megahertz" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hz (disambiguation)">Hz (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megahertz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Megahertz (disambiguation)">Megahertz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">hertz</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FrequencyAnimation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/FrequencyAnimation.gif/220px-FrequencyAnimation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/FrequencyAnimation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Top to bottom: Lights flashing at <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a> <span class="nowrap"><i>f</i> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999500000000000000♠"></span>0.5 Hz</span></span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1.0 Hz</span> and <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠"></span>2.0 Hz</span>; that is, at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 flashes per second, respectively. The time between each flash – the <i>period</i> <i>T</i> – is given by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den"><i>f</i></span></span> (the <a href="/wiki/Multiplicative_inverse" title="Multiplicative inverse">reciprocal</a> of <i>f</i> ); that is, 2, 1 and 0.5 seconds, respectively.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">SI base units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inverse_second" title="Inverse second">s<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>hertz</b> (symbol: <b>Hz</b>) is the unit of <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or <a href="/wiki/Cycle_per_second" title="Cycle per second">cycle</a>) per <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hertz is an <a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">SI derived unit</a> whose formal expression in terms of <a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">SI base units</a> is s<sup>−1</sup>, meaning that one hertz is one per second or the <a href="/wiki/Inverse_second" title="Inverse second">reciprocal of one second</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI_Brochure_9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Rudolf Hertz</a> (1857–1894), the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic wave">electromagnetic waves</a>. For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in <a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">multiples</a>: kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz). </p><p>Some of the unit's most common uses are in the description of <a href="/wiki/Periodic_waveform" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic waveform">periodic waveforms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musical_tone" title="Musical tone">musical tones</a>, particularly those used in <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>- and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the <a href="/wiki/Clock_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock speed">clock speeds</a> at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the <a href="/wiki/Photon_energy" title="Photon energy">energy of a photon</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Planck_relation" title="Planck relation">Planck relation</a> <i>E</i> = <i>hν</i>, where <i>E</i> is the photon's energy, <i>ν</i> is its frequency, and <i>h</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Weights_and_Measures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Committee for Weights and Measures">International Committee for Weights and Measures</a> defined the second as "the duration of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009919263177000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">192</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">631</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">770</span></span> periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a>-133 atom"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then adds: "It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009919263177000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">192</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">631</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">770</span> hertz</span>, <span class="nowrap"><i>ν</i><sub>hfs Cs</sub> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009919263177000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">192</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">631</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">770</span> Hz</span></span>." The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (T<sup>−1</sup>). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s). </p><p>In English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an SI unit, Hz can be <a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">prefixed</a>; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>3</sup> Hz</span>), MHz (megahertz, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>6</sup> Hz</span>), GHz (gigahertz, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>9</sup> Hz</span>) and THz (terahertz, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7012100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>12</sup> Hz</span>). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where the event being counted may be a complete cycle); <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100 Hz</span> means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 Hz</span>, or a human heart might be said to <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">beat</a> at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000120000000000000♠"></span>1.2 Hz</span>. </p><p>The occurrence <a href="/wiki/Aperiodic_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperiodic frequency">rate of aperiodic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stochastic" title="Stochastic">stochastic</a> events is expressed in <i><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciprocal second">reciprocal second</a></i> or <i>inverse second</i> (1/s or s<sup>−1</sup>) in general or, in the specific case of <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 Hz</span> (one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 Bq</span> (also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average. </p><p>Even though frequency, <a href="/wiki/Angular_velocity" title="Angular velocity">angular velocity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angular_frequency" title="Angular frequency">angular frequency</a> and radioactivity all have the dimension T<sup>−1</sup>, of these only frequency is expressed using the unit hertz.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">π</span> rad/s and a <a href="/wiki/Rotational_frequency" title="Rotational frequency">frequency of rotation</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 Hz</span>. The correspondence between a frequency <i>f</i> with the unit hertz and an angular velocity <i>ω</i> with the unit <a href="/wiki/Radians" class="mw-redirect" title="Radians">radians</a> per second is </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7a1bf35d395c2d52391265e4bbda0aed14f52579" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.317ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ω</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd2f3b31c4ca5791144e770032f16cb1ad2ebdcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.354ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The hertz is named after <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a>. As with every <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI</a> unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an <a href="/wiki/Upper_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper case">upper case</a> letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a <a href="/wiki/Common_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Common noun">common noun</a>; i.e., <i>hertz</i> becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cycle_per_second" title="Cycle per second">Cycle per second</a></div> <p>The hertz is named after the German physicist <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a> (1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a>. The name was established by the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a> (CGPM) (<i>Conférence générale des poids et mesures</i>) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The 1967 citation obviously doesn't say what happened in the 1970s. (June 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wave_frequency.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Wave_frequency.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sine wave</a> with varying frequency</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiggers_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wiggers_Diagram.svg/400px-Wiggers_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wiggers_Diagram.svg/600px-Wiggers_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wiggers_Diagram.svg/800px-Wiggers_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_cycle" title="Cardiac cycle">A heartbeat</a> is an example of a non-<a href="/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sinusoidal</a> periodic phenomenon that may be analyzed in terms of frequency. Two cycles are illustrated.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sound_and_vibration">Sound and vibration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sound and vibration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">Sound</a> is a traveling <a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_wave" title="Longitudinal wave">longitudinal wave</a>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Oscillation" title="Oscillation">oscillation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>. Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>. Each <a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">musical note</a> corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001200000000000000♠"></span>20 Hz</span> to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004200000000000000♠"></span>20<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> Hz</span>; the average <a href="/wiki/Adult" title="Adult">adult human</a> can hear sounds between <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001200000000000000♠"></span>20 Hz</span> and <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004160000000000000♠"></span>16<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> Hz</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The range of <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrasound" title="Infrasound">infrasound</a> and other physical vibrations such as <a href="/wiki/Molecular_vibration" title="Molecular vibration">molecular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atom_vibrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom vibrations">atomic vibrations</a> extends from a few <a href="/wiki/Femto" class="mw-redirect" title="Femto">femtohertz</a><sup id="cite_ref-science_nasa_gov_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_nasa_gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into the <a href="/wiki/Tera-" class="mw-redirect" title="Tera-">terahertz</a> range<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-science_nasa_gov_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_nasa_gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electromagnetic_radiation"><span class="anchor" id="Electricity"></span> Electromagnetic radiation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electromagnetic radiation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">Electromagnetic radiation</a> is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. </p><p>Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwaves</a>. <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a> is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>) to a few petahertz (PHz, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>), with the <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible spectrum</a> being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of the highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">terahertz radiation</a>. Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a>, which can be measured in exahertz (EHz). </p><p>For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> or <a href="/wiki/Photon_energy" title="Photon energy">photon energies</a>: for a more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see <i><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravitational_waves">Gravitational waves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gravitational waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitational waves">Gravitational waves</a> are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser <a href="/wiki/Interferometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferometer">interferometers</a> like <a href="/wiki/LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a>, and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by <a href="/wiki/Pulsar_timing_array" title="Pulsar timing array">pulsar timing arrays</a>. Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with <a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a> operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and <a href="/wiki/Deci-hertz_Interferometer_Gravitational_wave_Observatory" title="Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory">DECIGO</a> in the 0.1–10 Hz range. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computers">Computers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Computers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on why frequency is a flawed speed indicator for computers: <a href="/wiki/Megahertz_myth" title="Megahertz myth">Megahertz myth</a></div> <p>In computers, most <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing units</a> (CPU) are labeled in terms of their <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a> expressed in megahertz (<span class="nowrap">MHz</span>) or gigahertz (<span class="nowrap">GHz</span>). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master <a href="/wiki/Clock_signal" title="Clock signal">clock signal</a>. This signal is nominally a <a href="/wiki/Square_wave" title="Square wave">square wave</a>, which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As the hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an <a href="/wiki/Megahertz_myth" title="Megahertz myth">easily manipulable benchmark</a>. Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1 MHz</span> in the late 1970s (<a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple computers">Apple computers</a>) to up to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009600000000000000♠"></span>6 GHz</span> in <a href="/wiki/IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">IBM Power microprocessors</a>. </p><p>Various <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">front-side bus</a> connecting the CPU and <a href="/wiki/Northbridge_(computing)" title="Northbridge (computing)">northbridge</a>, also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SI_multiples">SI multiples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SI multiples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For examples of various multiples, see <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(frequency)" title="Orders of magnitude (frequency)">Orders of magnitude (frequency)</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto;" id="SI_prefixed_forms_of_hertz"> <caption>SI multiples of hertz (Hz) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Submultiples </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Multiples </th></tr> <tr style="background:#d4d4d4;"> <th scope="col">Value </th> <th scope="col">SI symbol </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Value </th> <th scope="col">SI symbol </th> <th scope="col">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−1</sup> Hz </td> <td>dHz </td> <td>decihertz </td> <td>10<sup>1</sup> Hz </td> <td>daHz </td> <td>decahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−2</sup> Hz </td> <td>cHz </td> <td>centihertz </td> <td>10<sup>2</sup> Hz </td> <td>hHz </td> <td>hectohertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−3</sup> Hz </td> <td>mHz </td> <td>millihertz </td> <td>10<sup>3</sup> Hz </td> <td><b>kHz</b> </td> <td><b>kilohertz</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−6</sup> Hz </td> <td>μHz </td> <td>microhertz </td> <td>10<sup>6</sup> Hz </td> <td><b>MHz</b> </td> <td><b>megahertz</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−9</sup> Hz </td> <td>nHz </td> <td>nanohertz </td> <td>10<sup>9</sup> Hz </td> <td><b>GHz</b> </td> <td><b>gigahertz</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−12</sup> Hz </td> <td>pHz </td> <td>picohertz </td> <td>10<sup>12</sup> Hz </td> <td><b>THz</b> </td> <td><b>terahertz</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−15</sup> Hz </td> <td>fHz </td> <td>femtohertz </td> <td>10<sup>15</sup> Hz </td> <td>PHz </td> <td>petahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−18</sup> Hz </td> <td>aHz </td> <td>attohertz </td> <td>10<sup>18</sup> Hz </td> <td>EHz </td> <td>exahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−21</sup> Hz </td> <td>zHz </td> <td>zeptohertz </td> <td>10<sup>21</sup> Hz </td> <td>ZHz </td> <td>zettahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−24</sup> Hz </td> <td>yHz </td> <td>yoctohertz </td> <td>10<sup>24</sup> Hz </td> <td>YHz </td> <td>yottahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−27</sup> Hz </td> <td>rHz </td> <td>rontohertz </td> <td>10<sup>27</sup> Hz </td> <td>RHz </td> <td>ronnahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−30</sup> Hz </td> <td>qHz </td> <td>quectohertz </td> <td>10<sup>30</sup> Hz </td> <td>QHz </td> <td>quettahertz </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6">Common prefixed units are in bold. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Higher frequencies than the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of the quantum-mechanical vibrations of massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred through other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the equivalent energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility" title="CJK Compatibility">CJK Compatibility</a> block in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> contains characters for common SI units for frequency. These are intended for compatibility with East Asian character encodings, and not for use in new documents (which would be expected to use Latin letters, e.g. "MHz").<sup id="cite_ref-Unicode-U3300_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-U3300-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+3339</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㌹</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE HERUTU</span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ヘルツ</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">herutsu</i></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3390</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎐</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE HZ</span> (Hz)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3391</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎑</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE KHZ</span> (kHz)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3392</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎒</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE MHZ</span> (MHz)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3393</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎓</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE GHZ</span> (GHz)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3394</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE THZ</span> (THz)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">Alternating current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)" title="Bandwidth (signal processing)">Bandwidth (signal processing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tuner" title="Electronic tuner">Electronic tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="FLOPS">FLOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_changer" title="Frequency changer">Frequency changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalized_frequency_(signal_processing)" title="Normalized frequency (signal processing)">Normalized frequency (signal processing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(frequency)" title="Orders of magnitude (frequency)">Orders of magnitude (frequency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(rotational_speed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude (rotational speed)">Orders of magnitude (rotational speed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_function" title="Periodic function">Periodic function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian_per_second" title="Radian per second">Radian per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)" title="Rate (mathematics)">Rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampling rate">Sampling rate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although hertz is often said to imply cycle per second (cps), the SI explicitly states that "cycle" and "cps" are not units in the SI, likely due to ambiguity in the terms.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI_Brochure_9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"(d) The hertz is used only for periodic phenomena, and the becquerel (Bq) is used only for stochastic processes in activity referred to a radionuclide."<sup id="cite_ref-BIPMtable3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIPMtable3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Atom_vibrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom vibrations">Atomic vibrations</a> are typically on the order of tens of terahertz</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"hertz". (1992). <i>American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (3rd ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI_Brochure_9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf">"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BIPM</i>: 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Hole+Sound+Waves+%E2%80%93+Science+Mission+Directorate&rft.pub=science.nasa.go&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at-nasa%2F2003%2F09sep_blackholesounds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHertz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsaravala2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Asaravala, Amit (30 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,62851,00.html">"Good Riddance, Gigahertz"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=The+Unicode+Standard+12.0+%E2%80%93+CJK+Compatibility+%E2%9D%B0+Range%3A+3300%E2%80%9433FF+%E2%9D%B1&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU3300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHertz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hertz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/second.html">SI Brochure: Unit of time (second)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/accuracy-single-ion-clock-pushed-new-limits">National Research Council of Canada: <i>Cesium fountain clock</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205032940/https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/accuracy-single-ion-clock-pushed-new-limits">Archived</a> 5 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131223133059/http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/projects/inms/trapped-ion.html">National Research Council of Canada: <i>Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion</i></a> (archived 23 December 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627155632/http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/projects/inms/optical-comb.html">National Research Council of Canada: <i>Optical frequency 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title="Day">day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">electronvolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">minute and second of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of 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