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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Aragonese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Modern Aragonese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Aragonese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Traits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shared_with_Catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_with_Catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Shared with Catalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_with_Catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_with_Catalan_and_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_with_Catalan_and_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Shared with Catalan and Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_with_Catalan_and_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_with_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_with_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Shared with Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_with_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared_with_neither" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared_with_neither"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Shared with neither</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared_with_neither-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexicology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexicology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lexicology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Gender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Contemporary literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aragonese_in_modern_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aragonese_in_modern_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aragonese in modern education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aragonese_in_modern_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aragonese in modern education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aragonese_in_modern_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-school_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-school_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pre-school education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-school_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_school_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_school_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Primary school education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_school_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_school_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_school_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Secondary school education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_school_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aragonese language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aragonees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoniakiel%C3%A2" title="Aragoniakielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Aragoniakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الأراغونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الأراغونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_aragon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma aragonés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma aragonés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C3%AAs" title="Aragonês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Aragonês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_aragon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma aragonés – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma aragonés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arag%C3%B5%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Aragõñe’ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aragõñe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araqon_dili" title="Araqon dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Araqon dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آراقون دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آراقون دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আরাগোনীয় ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরাগোনীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon-g%C3%AD" title="Aragon-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aragon-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арагонская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арагонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арагонская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арагонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арагонски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арагонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonesisch" title="Aragonesisch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aragonesisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonski_jezik" title="Aragonski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aragonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoneg" title="Aragoneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aragoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C3%A8s" title="Aragonès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aragonès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Арагон чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арагон чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C5%A1tina" title="Aragonština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aragonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aragunesa" title="Lingua aragunesa – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua aragunesa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoneg" title="Aragoneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aragoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonsk_(sprog)" title="Aragonsk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aragonsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoniagiella" title="Aragoniagiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Aragoniagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonesische_Sprache" title="Aragonesische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aragonesische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoni_keel" title="Aragoni keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aragoni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αραγωνική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραγωνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragun%C3%A9%C5%9B" title="Aragunéś – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Aragunéś" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_aragon%C3%A9s" title="Idioma aragonés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma aragonés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragona_lingvo" title="Aragona lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aragona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_aragonesa" title="Lengua aragonesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua aragonesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoiera" title="Aragoiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aragoiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان آراگونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آراگونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonese_bhasa" title="Aragonese bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aragonese bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonais" title="Aragonais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aragonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_aragonese" title="Lenghe aragonese – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe aragonese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Arag%C3%B3inis" title="An Aragóinis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Aragóinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonish" title="Aragonish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Aragonish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aragonesa" title="Lingua aragonesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua aragonesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon-ng%C3%AE" title="Aragon-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Aragon-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EA%B3%A4%EC%96%B4" title="아라곤어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아라곤어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Արագոներեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արագոներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonski_jezik" title="Aragonski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aragonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonana_linguo" title="Aragonana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aragonana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Aragones" title="Pagsasao nga Aragones – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Aragones" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Aragon" title="Bahasa Aragon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Aragon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aragonese" title="Lingua aragonese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua aragonese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonesi" title="Aragonesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aragonesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arag%C3%B3nska" title="Aragónska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aragónska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aragonese" title="Lingua aragonese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua aragonese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אראגונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אראגונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Aragones" title="Amanung Aragones – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Aragones" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="არაგონული ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაგონული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonek" title="Aragonek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Aragonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyaragoneze" title="Icyaragoneze – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyaragoneze" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_aragon%C3%AE" title="Zimanê aragonî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê aragonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Арагон тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Арагон тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_aragoneza" title="Lingua aragoneza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua aragoneza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Aragonensis" title="Lingua Aragonensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Aragonensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Aragoniešu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aragoniešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Aragoniečių kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aragoniečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_aragoneise" title="Lengua aragoneise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua aragoneise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aragonees" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragones_(lingua)" title="Aragones (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Aragones (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_aragonesa" title="Lengua aragonesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua aragonesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arag%C3%B3niai_nyelv" title="Aragóniai nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aragóniai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арагонски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арагонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Arakona" title="Reo Arakona – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Arakona" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاراغونيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاراغونيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آراگونی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آراگونی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Aragon" title="Bahasa Aragon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Aragon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Aragonés" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aragonees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="アラゴン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラゴン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Арагонхойн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Арагонхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonesisk" title="Aragonesisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aragonesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonesisk" title="Aragonesisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aragonesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aragonés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon_tili" title="Aragon tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aragon tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اراغونی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اراغونی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اراګوني ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اراګوني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_aragon%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga aragonèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga aragonèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragoonsche_Spraak" title="Aragoonsche Spraak – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aragoonsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_arago%C5%84ski" title="Język aragoński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język aragoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_aragonesa" title="Língua aragonesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua aragonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_aragonez%C4%83" title="Limba aragoneză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba aragoneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araqun_simi" title="Araqun simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Araqun simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Арагонский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арагонский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱮᱨᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱨᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_aragonesa" title="Limba aragonesa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba aragonesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aragonese language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Арагонски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арагонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonski_jezik" title="Aragonski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aragonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonian_kieli" title="Aragonian kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aragonian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonska" title="Aragonska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aragonska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="ஆராகோனீசிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆராகோனீசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-aragon%C3%A9s" title="Lia-aragonés – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-aragonés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาอารากอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอารากอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonca" title="Aragonca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aragonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Арагонська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арагонська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آراغونی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آراغونی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئاراگون تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاراگون تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Tiếng Aragón – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Aragón" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragon%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Aragonès (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aragonès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉贡语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉贡语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1%E6%96%87" title="亞拉岡文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞拉岡文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonki" title="Aragonki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aragonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉贡语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉贡语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Aragon" title="Basa Aragon – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Aragon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romance language of northern Aragon, Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aragonés" redirects here. For people with the surname <i>Aragonés</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s_(surname)" title="Aragonés (surname)">Aragonés (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Aragonese</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">aragonés</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="an-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[aɾaɣoˈnes]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>; northern and central <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huesca" title="Province of Huesca">Huesca</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaragoza (province)">Zaragoza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Active speakers: 10,000–12,000 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-hablantes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hablantes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Active and passive speakers: 30,000–50,000 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-hablantes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hablantes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Western_languages" title="Italo-Western languages">Italo-Western</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Iberian Romance languages">Iberian Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">Western Iberian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Aragonese</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Romance_language" title="Proto-Romance language">Proto-Romance</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li>(unclassified) <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li>Old Aragonese </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judaeo-Aragonese</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalese_dialect" title="Navalese dialect">Navalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisinian_Aragonese" title="Aisinian Aragonese">Aisinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ans%C3%B3_Aragonese" title="Ansó Aragonese">Ansó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arag%C3%BC%C3%A9s_Aragonese" title="Aragüés Aragonese">Aragüés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benasquese_dialect" title="Benasquese dialect">Benasquese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecho_Aragonese" title="Hecho Aragonese">Hecho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribagorçan dialect">Ribagorçan</a></li> <li>Central</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (Aragonese alphabet)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> (Protected language status)</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_d%27a_Luenga_Aragonesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia d'a Luenga Aragonesa">Academia d'a Luenga Aragonesa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=an">an</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=24">arg</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/arg" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:arg">arg</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/arag1245">arag1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/949">Aragonese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=51-AAA-d">51-AAA-d</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png/320px-Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png/480px-Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png/640px-Bariedaz_ling%C3%BCisticas_d%27Arag%C3%B3n.png 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="2168" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Map of Aragon with the <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects" title="Aragonese dialects">dialects</a> of northern Aragon in grey, blue, and light orange</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_60-DE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lang_Status_60-DE.svg/320px-Lang_Status_60-DE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lang_Status_60-DE.svg/480px-Lang_Status_60-DE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lang_Status_60-DE.svg/640px-Lang_Status_60-DE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Aragonese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></i> (2010)</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/220px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/330px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/440px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages" title="Occitano-Romance languages">Occitano-Romance</a> languages: <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> in red, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> in purple and Aragonese in yellow.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aragonese</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ARR</span>-ə-gə-<span style="font-size:90%">NEEZ</span></i></a>; <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">aragonés</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="an-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[aɾaɣoˈnes]</a></span> in Aragonese) is a <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a> spoken in several <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> valleys of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, Spain, primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Comarca#Spain" title="Comarca">comarcas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Somontano_de_Barbastro" title="Somontano de Barbastro">Somontano de Barbastro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacetania" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacetania">Jacetania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alto_G%C3%A1llego" title="Alto Gállego">Alto Gállego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobrarbe" title="Sobrarbe">Sobrarbe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ribagorza/Ribagor%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribagorza/Ribagorça">Ribagorza/Ribagorça</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hablantes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hablantes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reyes_et_al._2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reyes_et_al._2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only modern language which survived from medieval <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> in a form distinct from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. </p><p>Historically, people referred to the language as <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">fabla</i></span> ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its <a href="#Dialects">local dialects</a> such as <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">cheso</i></span> (from <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Hecho" title="Valle de Hecho">Valle de Hecho</a>) or <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">patués</i></span> (from the <a href="/wiki/Benasque" title="Benasque">Benasque</a> Valley). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/220px-Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/330px-Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/440px-Evoluci%C3%B3n_cheografica_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>The gradual retreat of Aragonese under the pressure of Castilian (Spanish).</figcaption></figure> <p>Aragonese, which developed in portions of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> basin, can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>. It spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> to areas where languages similar to modern <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> might have been previously spoken. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a> (formed by the counties of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Aragon" title="County of Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobrarbe" title="Sobrarbe">Sobrarbe</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Ribagorza" title="County of Ribagorza">Ribagorza</a>) expanded southward from the mountains, pushing the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> farther south in the <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> and spreading the Aragonese language. </p><p>The union of the <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan counties</a> and the Kingdom of Aragon which formed the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> did not merge the languages of the two territories; <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> continued to be spoken in the east and <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> in the west, with the boundaries blurred by <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialectal continuity</a>. The Aragonese <i>Reconquista</i> in the south ended with the cession of <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> as dowry for an Aragonese princess. </p><p>The best-known proponent of the Aragonese language was <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Heredia" title="Juan Fernández de Heredia">Johan Ferrandez d'Heredia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> at the end of the 14th century. He wrote an extensive catalog of works in Aragonese and translated several works from Greek into Aragonese (the first in medieval Europe). </p><p>The spread of Castilian (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> origin of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">Trastámara dynasty</a>, and the similarity between Castilian (Spanish) and Aragonese facilitated the recession of the latter. A turning point was the 15th-century coronation of the Castilian <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand I of Aragon">Ferdinand I of Aragon</a>, also known as Ferdinand of Antequera. </p><p>In the early 18th century, after the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(League_of_Augsburg)" title="Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)">allies</a> of Aragon in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> ordered the prohibition of the Aragonese language in schools and the establishment of Castilian (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) as the only official language in Aragon. This was ordered in the Aragonese <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Planta_decrees" title="Nueva Planta decrees">Nueva Planta decrees</a> of 1707. </p><p>In recent times, Aragonese was mostly regarded as a group of rural dialects of Spanish. Compulsory education undermined its already weak position; for example, pupils were punished for using it. However, the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a> heralded literary works and studies of the language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Aragonese">Modern Aragonese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern Aragonese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Multicolored map of Aragon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/270px-Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/405px-Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg/540px-Grupos_de_parlas_de_l%27aragon%C3%A9s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Aragonese dialect map</figcaption></figure> <p>Aragonese is the native language of the Aragonese mountain ranges of the Pyrenees, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarcas</a></i> of Somontano, Jacetania, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza. Cities and towns in which Aragonese is spoken are <a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graus" title="Graus">Graus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monz%C3%B3n" title="Monzón">Monzón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbastro" title="Barbastro">Barbastro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielsa" title="Bielsa">Bielsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gista%C3%ADn" title="Gistaín">Chistén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fonz,_Huesca" title="Fonz, Huesca">Fonz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echo,_Arag%C3%B3n,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo, Aragón, Spain">Echo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estadilla" title="Estadilla">Estadilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benasque" title="Benasque">Benasque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campo,_Aragon" title="Campo, Aragon">Campo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabi%C3%B1%C3%A1nigo" title="Sabiñánigo">Sabiñánigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaca" title="Jaca">Jaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plan,_Aragon" title="Plan, Aragon">Plan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ans%C3%B3" title="Ansó">Ansó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayerbe" title="Ayerbe">Ayerbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broto" title="Broto">Broto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/El_Grado" title="El Grado">El Grado</a>. </p><p>It is spoken as a second language by inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ejea_de_los_Caballeros" title="Ejea de los Caballeros">Ejea de los Caballeros</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a>. According to recent polls, there are about 25,500 speakers (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Reyes_et_al._2017_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reyes_et_al._2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including speakers living outside the native area. In 2017, the Dirección General de Política Lingüística de Aragón estimated there were 10,000 to 12,000 active speakers of Aragonese.<sup id="cite_ref-hablantes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hablantes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the Languages Act of Aragon (Law 10/2009) recognized the "native language, original and historic" of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>. The language received several <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_rights" title="Linguistic rights">linguistic rights</a>, including its use in public administration.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the legislation was repealed by a new law in 2013 (Law 3/2013).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [See <a href="/wiki/Languages_Acts_of_Aragon" title="Languages Acts of Aragon">Languages Acts of Aragon</a> for more information on the subject] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects"><span class="anchor" id="Geographic_distribution"></span>Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects" title="Aragonese dialects">Aragonese dialects</a></div> <ul><li><i>Western dialect:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ans%C3%B3" title="Ansó">Ansó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Hecho" title="Valle de Hecho">Valle de Hecho</a>, Chasa, Berdún, <a href="/wiki/Jaca" title="Jaca">Chaca</a></li> <li><i>Central dialect:</i> <a href="/wiki/Panticosa" title="Panticosa">Panticosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biescas" title="Biescas">Biescas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torla" class="mw-redirect" title="Torla">Torla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broto" title="Broto">Broto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielsa" title="Bielsa">Bielsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yebra_de_Basa" title="Yebra de Basa">Yebra de Basa</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%ADnsa-Sobrarbe" title="Aínsa-Sobrarbe">Aínsa-Sobrarbe</a></li> <li><i>Eastern dialect:</i> <a href="/wiki/Benasque" title="Benasque">Benás</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plan,_Aragon" title="Plan, Aragon">Plan</a>, Bisagorri, <a href="/wiki/Campo,_Aragon" title="Campo, Aragon">Campo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perarr%C3%BAa" title="Perarrúa">Perarrúa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graus" title="Graus">Graus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estadilla" title="Estadilla">Estadilla</a></li> <li><i>Southern dialect:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%BCero,_Huesca" title="Agüero, Huesca">Agüero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayerbe" title="Ayerbe">Ayerbe</a>, Rasal, Bolea, Lierta, <a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Uesca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almud%C3%A9var" title="Almudévar">Almudévar</a>, Nozito, Labata, <a href="/wiki/Alqu%C3%A9zar" title="Alquézar">Alguezra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%BC%C3%A9s" title="Angüés">Angüés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertusa_(Spain)" title="Pertusa (Spain)">Pertusa</a>, Balbastro, Nabal<sup id="cite_ref-e18_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology"><span class="anchor" id="Phonological_characteristics"></span>Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traits">Traits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Traits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Animated territorial map of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/220px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/330px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/440px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Aragonese expanded into the territories of the Kingdom of Aragon from the 12th to the 16th centuries.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aragonese has many historical traits in common with Catalan. Some are conservative features that are also shared with the <a href="/wiki/Asturleonese_language" title="Asturleonese language">Asturleonese languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galician%E2%80%93Portuguese" title="Galician–Portuguese">Galician–Portuguese</a>, where Spanish innovated in ways that did not spread to nearby languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shared_with_Catalan">Shared with Catalan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shared with Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Romance initial <i>f-</i> is preserved, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">filium</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">fillo</i></span> ('son', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">hijo</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">fill</i></span>, Pt. <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">filho</i></span>).</li> <li>Romance groups cl-, fl- and pl- are preserved and in most dialects do not undergo any change, e.g. clavis > clau ('key', Sp. <i>llave,</i> Cat. <i>clau</i>, Pt. <i>chave</i>). However, in some transitional dialects from both sides (<a href="/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribagorçan dialect">Ribagorzano</a> in Aragonese and <a href="/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribagorçà">Ribagorçà</a> and Pallarès in Catalan) it becomes cll-, fll- and pll-, e.g. clavis > cllau.</li> <li>Romance <a href="/wiki/Palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal approximant">palatal approximant</a> (<i>ge-</i>, <i>gi-</i>, <i>i-</i>) consistently became medieval <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒ]</span>, as in medieval Catalan and Portuguese. This becomes modern <i>ch</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃ]</span>, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and_devoicing" title="Consonant voicing and devoicing">devoicing</a> of sibilants (see below). In Spanish, the medieval result was either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒ]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span>, (modern <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span>), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʝ]</span>, or nothing, depending on the context. e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">iuvenem</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">choven</i></span> ('young man', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">joven</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈxoβen/</span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">jove</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈʒoβə/</span>), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gelare</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">chelar</i></span> ('to freeze', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">helar</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eˈlaɾ/</span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">gelar</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒəˈla/</span>).</li> <li>Romance groups <i>-lt-</i>, <i>-ct-</i> result in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jt]</span>, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">factum</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">feito</i></span> ('done', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">hecho</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">fet</i></span>, Gal./Port. <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">feito</i></span>), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">multum</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">muito</i></span> ('many, much', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">mucho</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">molt</i></span>, Gal. <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">moito</i></span>, Port. <span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">muito</i></span>).</li> <li>Romance groups <i>-x-</i>, <i>-ps-</i>, <i>scj-</i> result in voiceless palatal fricative <i>ix</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span>, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">coxu</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">coixo</i></span> ('crippled', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cojo</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">coix</i></span>).</li> <li>Romance groups <i>-lj-</i>, <i>-c'l-</i>, <i>-t'l-</i> result in palatal lateral <i>ll</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ]</span>, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">muliere</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">muller</i></span> ('woman', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">mujer</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">muller</i></span>), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">acuc'la</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">agulla</i></span> ('needle', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">aguja</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">agulla</i></span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shared_with_Catalan_and_Spanish">Shared with Catalan and Spanish</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shared with Catalan and Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Open <i>o</i>, <i>e</i> from Romance result systematically in diphthongs <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[we]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[je]</span>, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vet'la</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">viella</i></span> ('old woman', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">vieja</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">vella</i></span>, Pt. <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">velha</i></span>). This includes before a palatal approximant, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">octō</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">ueito</i></span> ('eight', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ocho</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">vuit</i></span>, Pt. <i>oito</i>). Spanish diphthongizes except before yod, whereas Catalan <i>only</i> diphthongizes before yod.</li> <li>Voiced stops <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ/</span> may be <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenited</a> to <a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">approximants</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β,<span class="wrap"> </span>ð,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shared_with_Spanish">Shared with Spanish</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Shared with Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Loss of final unstressed <i>-e</i> but not <i>-o</i>, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">grande</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">gran</i></span> ('big'), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">factum</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">feito</i></span> ('done'). Catalan loses both <i>-e</i> and <i>-o</i> (Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">gran</i></span>, <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">fet</i></span><i>)</i>; Spanish preserves <i>-o</i> and sometimes <i>-e</i> (Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">hecho</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">gran</i></span> ~ <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">grande</i></span>).</li> <li>Former voiced sibilants become voiceless (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[z]<span class="wrap"> </span>><span class="wrap"> </span>[s]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒ]<span class="wrap"> </span>><span class="wrap"> </span>[tʃ]</span>).</li> <li>The palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> is most often realized as a fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʝ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shared_with_neither">Shared with neither</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Shared with neither"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Latin <i>-b-</i> is maintained in past imperfect endings of verbs of the second and third conjugations: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">teneba, teniba</i></span> ('he had', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tenía</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">tenia</i></span>), <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">dormiba</i></span> ('he was sleeping', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">dormía</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">dormia</i></span>).</li> <li>High Aragonese dialects (<span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">alto aragonés</i></span>) and some dialects of <a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a> have preserved the voicelessness of many intervocalic stop consonants, e.g. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cletam</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">cleta</i></span> ('sheep hurdle', Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">cleda</i></span>, Fr. <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">claie</i></span>), <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cuculliatam</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">cocullata</i></span> ('crested lark', Sp. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cogujada</i></span>, Cat. <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">cogullada</i></span>).</li> <li>Several Aragonese dialects maintain Latin <i>-ll-</i> as <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ll/</span>.</li> <li>The mid vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e,<span class="wrap"> </span>o/</span> can be as open as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɔ]</span>, mainly in the Benasque dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>No native word can begin with an <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span>, a trait shared with Gascon and Basque.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowel phonemes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Consonant phonemes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Before 2023, Aragonese had three orthographic standards: </p> <ul><li>The <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">grafía de Uesca</i></span>, codified in 1987 by the Consello d'a Fabla Aragonesa (CFA) at a convention in <a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a>, is used by most Aragonese writers. It has a more uniform system of assigning letters to phonemes, with less regard for etymology; words traditionally written with <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> are uniformly written with <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> in the Uesca system. Similarly, <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> before <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> are all written <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>. It uses letters associated with Spanish, such as <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a>⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">grafia SLA</i></span>, devised in 2004 by the <a href="/wiki/Sociedat_de_Ling%C3%BCistica_Aragonesa" title="Sociedat de Lingüistica Aragonesa">Sociedat de Lingüistica Aragonesa</a> (SLA), is used by some Aragonese writers. It uses etymological forms which are closer to Catalan, Occitan, and medieval Aragonese sources; trying to come closer to the original Aragonese and the other Occitano-Romance languages. In the SLA system <span class="nowrap">⟨v⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span>,<span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> before <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> are distinct, and the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">ny</a>⟩</span> replaces <span class="nowrap">⟨ñ⟩</span>.</li> <li>In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Academia_de_l%27Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Academia de l'Aragonés">Academia de l'Aragonés</a> (founded in 2006) established an orthographic standard to modernize medieval <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> and to make it more etymological.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the 16th century, Aragonese <a href="/wiki/Morisco" title="Morisco">Moriscos</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">aljamiado</a></i> texts (Romance texts in Arabic script), possibly because of their inability to write in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. The language in these texts has a mixture of Aragonese and Castilian traits, and they are among the last known written examples of the Aragonese formerly spoken in central and southern Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-Vespertino_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vespertino-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>Comparison of Aragonese orthographies<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sounds and features </th> <th>Academia de l'Aragonés </th> <th>Grafía SLA </th> <th>Grafía de Uesca (1987) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> </td> <td><b>a</b> </td> <td><b>a</b> </td> <td><b>a</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> </td> <td><b>b, v</b> according to Latin etymology <br />Ex: <i>bien, servicio, val, activo, cantaba, debant</i> </td> <td><b>b, v</b> according to Medieval etymology, as in Catalan and Occitan<br />Ex: <i>bien, servício, val, activo, cantava, devant</i> </td> <td><b>b</b><br />Ex: <i>bien, serbizio, bal, autibo, cantaba, debán</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>c</b></li> <li><b>qu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>c</b></li> <li><b>qu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>c</b></li> <li><b>qu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kw/</span> </td> <td>If there is an etymological <i>q</i>, as in Catalan and a bit in Occitan: <ul><li><b>qu</b> before <i>a, o</i></li> <li><b>qü</b> before <i>e, i</i><br />Ex: <i>quan, qüestión</i></li></ul> </td> <td>If there is an etymological <i>q</i>, as in Catalan and a bit in Occitan: <ul><li><b>qu</b> before <i>a, o</i></li> <li><b>qü</b> before <i>e, i</i><br />Ex: <i>quan, qüestion</i></li></ul> </td> <td><b>cu</b> as in Spanish<br />Ex: <i>cuan, cuestión</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>z</b> before <i>a, o, u</i></li> <li><b>c</b> before <i>e, i</i> (except some loanwords that have <i>z</i> in their etyma)</li> <li><b>z</b> in final position (but <b>tz</b> as a grapheme reflecting the <i>t</i>+<i>s</i> that became <b>ts</b> in <a href="/wiki/Benasquese_dialect" title="Benasquese dialect">Benasquese</a> in various plurals and verb forms)</li></ul> <p><br />Ex: <i>zona, Provenza, fetz, centro, servicio, realizar, verdatz</i> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>z</b> before <i>a, o, u</i>, in initial position</li> <li><b>ç</b> before <i>a, o, u</i>, in inner position</li> <li><b>z</b> in final position</li> <li><b>c</b> before <i>e, i</i></li> <li><b>z</b> in international formations (learned Greek words and loans that have <i>z</i> in their etyma)<br />Ex: <i>zona, Provença, fez, centro, servício, realizar, verdaz</i></li></ul> </td> <td><b>z</b><br />Ex: <i>zona, Probenza, fez, zentro, serbizio, realizar, berdaz</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td><b>d</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> </td> <td><b>e</b> </td> <td><b>e</b> </td> <td><b>e</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> </td> <td><b>f</b> </td> <td><b>f</b> </td> <td><b>f</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>g</b></li> <li><b>gu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>g</b></li> <li><b>gu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>g</b></li> <li><b>gu</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡw/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>gu</b> before <i>a, o</i></li> <li><b>gü</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>gu</b> before <i>a, o</i></li> <li><b>gü</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>gu</b> before <i>a, o</i></li> <li><b>gü</b> before <i>e, i</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span> </td> <td><b>ch</b><br />Ex: <i>chaminera, minchar, chusticia, cheografía</i> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>ch</b></li> <li><b>j</b> (<b>g</b> before <i>e, i</i>) according to etymology, as in Catalan and Occitan<br />Ex: <i>chaminera, minjar, justícia, geografia</i></li></ul> </td> <td><b>ch</b><br />Ex: <i>chaminera, minchar, chustizia, cheografía</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Etymological <i>h</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(rendered silent after Latin)</span> </td> <td>Written according to Latin etymology<br />Ex: <i>historia</i>, <i>hibierno</i> </td> <td>Written as in Medieval Aragonese and Catalan<br />Ex: <i>história</i>, <i>hivierno</i> </td> <td>Not written<br />Ex: <i>istoria</i>, <i>ibierno</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>i</b></li> <li><b>y</b> as a copulative conjunction</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>i</b></li> <li><b>y</b> as a copulative conjunction</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>i</b></li> <li><b>y</b> as a copulative conjunction</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td><b>l</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ/</span> </td> <td><b>ll</b> </td> <td><b>ll</b> </td> <td><b>ll</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td><b>m</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td><b>n</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲ/</span> </td> <td><b>ny</b> as in Medieval Aragonese and Catalan<br />Ex: <i>anyada</i> </td> <td><b>ny</b> as in Medieval Aragonese and Catalan<br />Ex: <i>anyada</i> </td> <td><b>ñ</b> as in Spanish<br />Ex: <i>añada</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> </td> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td><b>o</b> </td> <td><b>o</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td><b>p</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɾ/</span> </td> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td><b>r</b> </td> <td><b>r</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>rr</b></li> <li><b>r-</b> (word-initially)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>rr</b></li> <li><b>r-</b> (word-initially)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>rr</b></li> <li><b>r-</b> (word-initially)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td> <td><b>s</b> (also between two vowels, never *<i>ss</i>) </td> <td><b>s</b> (also between two vowels, never *<i>ss</i>) </td> <td><b>s</b> (also between two vowels, never *<i>ss</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td><b>t</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Etymological final <i>-t</i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(silent in Modern Aragonese)</span> </td> <td>Written as in Medieval Aragonese, Catalan and Occitan<br />Ex: <i>sociedat, debant, chent</i> </td> <td>Written as in Medieval Aragonese, Catalan and Occitan<br />Ex: <i>sociedat, devant, gent</i> </td> <td>Not written<br />Ex: <i>soziedá, debán, chen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u,<span class="wrap"> </span>w/</span> </td> <td><b>u</b> </td> <td><b>u</b> </td> <td><b>u</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iʃ/</span> </td> <td><b>ix</b> as unifying grapheme for all dialects<br />Ex: <i>baixo</i> <p><b>x</b> as in <i>xoriguer</i> and <i>xilófono</i> </p> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>x</b> in most words and <b>ix</b> in some words (for Eastern dialects)</li> <li><b>x</b> in most words (for Western dialects)<br />Ex: <i>baixo</i> (Eastern) = <i>baxo</i> (Western)</li></ul> </td> <td><b>x</b><br />Ex: <i>baxo</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>y</b> initial and between vowels</li> <li><b>i</b> in other cases</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>y</b> initial and between vowels</li> <li><b>i</b> in other cases</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><b>y</b> initial and between vowels</li> <li><b>i</b> in other cases</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Learned Greco-Roman words </td> <td>Assimilatory tendencies not written<br />Ex: <i>dialecto, extension</i>, and <i>lexico</i> </td> <td>Not all assimilatory tendencies written<br />Ex: <i>dialecto, extension</i>, and <i>lexico</i> </td> <td>Assimilatory tendencies written<br />Ex: <i>dialeuto, estensión</i>, but <i>lecsico</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accent mark for stress<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(accented vowel <b>in bold</b>)</span> </td> <td>Spanish model, but with the possibility for <a href="/wiki/Oxytone" title="Oxytone">oxytones</a> to not be accented<br />Ex: <ul><li><i>hist<b>o</b>ria, gr<b>a</b>cia, serv<b>i</b>cio</i></li> <li><i>mitoloch<b>í</b>a, cheograf<b>í</b>a, Mar<b>í</b>a, r<b>í</b>o</i></li> <li><i>atenci<b>ó</b>n</i></li> <li><i>ch<b>o</b>ven, cant<b>a</b>ban</i></li></ul> </td> <td>Portuguese, Catalan and Occitan model<br />Ex: <ul><li><i>hist<b>ó</b>ria, gr<b>á</b>cia, serv<b>í</b>cio</i></li> <li><i>mitolog<b>i</b>a, geograf<b>i</b>a, Mar<b>i</b>a, r<b>i</b>o</i></li> <li><i>atenci<b>o</b>n</i></li> <li><i>j<b>o</b>ven, cant<b>a</b>van</i></li></ul> </td> <td>Spanish model<br />Ex: <ul><li><i>ist<b>o</b>ria, gr<b>a</b>zia, serb<b>i</b>zio</i></li> <li><i>mitoloch<b>í</b>a, cheograf<b>í</b>a, Mar<b>í</b>a, r<b>í</b>o</i></li> <li><i>atenzi<b>ó</b>n</i></li> <li><i>ch<b>o</b>ben, cant<b>a</b>ban</i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2023, a new orthographic standard has been published by the <i>Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version is close to the Academia de l'Aragonés orthography, but with the following differences: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kw/</span> is always spelled ⟨cu⟩, e. g. <i>cuan, cuestión</i> (exception is made for some loanwords: <i>quad, quadrívium, quark, quásar, quáter, quórum</i>); <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲ/</span> is spelled ⟨ny⟩ or ⟨ñ⟩ by personal preference; final ⟨z⟩ is not written as ⟨tz⟩. </p><p>The marginal phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> (only in loanwords, e. g. <i>jabugo</i>) is spelled <b>j</b> in the Uesca, Academia de l'Aragonés and Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua standards (not mentioned in the SLA standard). Additionally, the Academia de l'Aragonés and Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua orthographies allow the letter <b>j</b> in some loanwords internationally known with it (e. g. <i>jazz, jacuzzi</i>, which normally have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span> in the Aragonese pronunciation) and also mention the letters <b>k</b> and <b>w</b>, also used only in loanwords (<b>w</b> may represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aragonese grammar has a lot in common with <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles"><span class="anchor" id="Definite_article"></span><span class="anchor" id="Article"></span>Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The definite article in Aragonese has undergone dialect-related changes, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with definite articles in Old Aragonese similar to their present Spanish equivalents. There are two main forms: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Masculine </th> <th>Feminine </th></tr> <tr> <th>Singular </th> <td>el </td> <td>la </td></tr> <tr> <th>Plural </th> <td>els/es </td> <td>las/les </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These forms are used in the eastern and some central dialects. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Masculine </th> <th>Feminine </th></tr> <tr> <th>Singular </th> <td>lo/ro/o </td> <td>la/ra/a </td></tr> <tr> <th>Plural </th> <td>los/ros/os </td> <td>las/ras/as </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These forms are used in the western and some central dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lexicology">Lexicology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lexicology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neighboring Romance languages have influenced Aragonese.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catalan and Occitan influenced Aragonese for many years. Since the 15th century, Spanish has most influenced Aragonese; it was adopted throughout Aragon as the first language, limiting Aragonese to the northern region surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>. <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> has also influenced Aragonese; Italian loanwords have entered through other languages (such as Catalan), and Portuguese words have entered through Spanish. Germanic words came with the conquest of the region by Germanic peoples during the fifth century, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> has introduced a number of new words into the language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender">Gender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Words that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_declension#Second_declension_.28o_stems.29" title="Latin declension">Latin second declension</a>—as well as words that joined it later on—are usually masculine: </p> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">filiu(m)</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">fillo</i></span> ('son')</li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sciuru</i></span> + <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">olu(m)</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">esquiruelo, esquirol</i></span> ('<a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrel</a>')</li></ul> <p>Words that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_declension#First_declension_.28a_stems.29" title="Latin declension">Latin first declension</a> are usually feminine: </p> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">filia(m)</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">filla</i></span> ('daughter').</li></ul> <p>Some Latin neuter plural nouns joined the <a href="/wiki/Latin_declension#First_declension_.28a_stems.29" title="Latin declension">first declension</a> as singular feminine nouns: </p> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">folia</i></span> > <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">fuella</i></span> ('leaf').</li></ul> <p>Words ending in <i>-or</i> are feminine: </p> <ul><li><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a honor</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a calor</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a color</i></span>, and (in Medieval Aragonese) <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">la amor</i></span></li></ul> <p>The names of fruit trees usually end in <i>-era</i> (a suffix derived from Latin <i>-aria</i>) and are usually feminine: </p> <ul><li><i>a <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">perera</a></i>, <i>a <a href="/wiki/Malus" title="Malus">manzanera</a></i>, <i>a <a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">nuquera</a></i>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a castanyera</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a tellera</i></span> <i>/</i> <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">o tilero</i></span>, <i>a <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olivera</a></i>, <i>a <a href="/wiki/Prunus_avium" title="Prunus avium">ciresera</a></i>, <i>l'<a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almendrera</a></i></li></ul> <p>The genders of river names vary: </p> <ul><li>Many ending in <i>-a</i> are feminine: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Cinca</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Cinga</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Cinqueta</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Garona</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">L'Arba</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Noguera</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">a Isuela</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">La Uecha</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">La Uerva</i></span>, etc. The last was known as <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">río de la Uerba</i></span> during the 16th century.</li> <li>Many from the second and the third declension are masculine: <i>L'<a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a></i>, <i>O <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1llego_(river)" title="Gállego (river)">Galligo</a></i>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">O Flumen</i></span>, <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">L'Alcanadre</i></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just like most other Occitano-Romance languages, Aragonese has <a href="/wiki/Partitive" title="Partitive">partitive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative</a> <a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">clitic</a> pronouns derived from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">inde</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ibi</i></span>: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">en</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">ne</i></span> and <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">bi</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">i</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">ie</i></span>; unlike Ibero-Romance. </p><p>Such pronouns are present in most major Romance languages (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">en</i></span> and <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">hi</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">ne</i></span> and <span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">i</i></span>, French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">en</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">y</i></span>, and Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">ne</i></span> and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">ci</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">vi</i></span>). </p><p><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">En</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">ne</i></span> is used for: </p> <ul><li>Partitive objects: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">No n'he visto como aquello</i></span> ("I haven't seen anything like that", literally 'Not (of it) I have seen like that').</li> <li>Partitive subjects: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">En fa tanto de mal</i></span> ("It hurts so much", literally '(of it) it causes so much of pain')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">Ablatives</a>, places from which movements originate: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Se'n va ra memoria</i></span> ("Memory goes away", literally '(away from [the mind]) memory goes')</li></ul> <p><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Bi</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">hi</i></span><i>/</i><span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">ie</i></span> is used for: </p> <ul><li>Locatives, where something takes place: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">N'hi heba uno</i></span> ("There was one of them"), literally '(Of them) there was one')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allative_case" title="Allative case">Allatives</a>, places that movements go towards or end: <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Vés-be</i></span> ('Go there (imperative)')</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature"><span class="anchor" id="Medieval_Ages"></span>Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aragonese-language_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Aragonese-language literature">Aragonese-language literature</a></div> <p>Aragonese was not written until the 12th and 13th centuries; the history <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liber_Regum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liber Regum (page does not exist)">Liber Regum</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Regum" class="extiw" title="an:Liber Regum">an</a>]</span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_Curso_sobre_lengua-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Razón feita d'amor</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_Curso_sobre_lengua-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Libre dels tres reys d'orient</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_Curso_sobre_lengua-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Vida de Santa María Egipcíaca</i></span> date from this period;<sup id="cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I_Curso_sobre_lengua-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Aragonese version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Morea#Aragonese_text" title="Chronicle of the Morea">Chronicle of the Morea</a></i> also exists, differing also in its content and written in the late 14th century called <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Libro de los fechos et conquistas del principado de la Morea</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period"><span class="anchor" id="Early_modern_period_literature"></span>Early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1500, Spanish has been the cultural language of Aragon; many Aragonese wrote in Spanish, and during the 17th century the Argensola brothers went to Castile to teach Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aragonese became a popular village language.<sup id="cite_ref-Vespertino_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vespertino-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 17th century, popular literature in the language began to appear. In a 1650 Huesca literary contest, Aragonese poems were submitted by Matías Pradas, Isabel de Rodas and "Fileno, montañés".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_literature">Contemporary literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Contemporary literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 19th and 20th centuries have seen a renaissance of Aragonese literature in several dialects. In 1844, Braulio Foz's novel <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Vida de Pedro Saputo</i></span> was published in the Almudévar (southern) dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 20th century featured Domingo Miral's <a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">costumbrist</a> comedies and Veremundo Méndez Coarasa's poetry, both in Hecho (western) Aragonese; Cleto Torrodellas' poetry and Tonón de Baldomera's popular writings in the Graus (eastern) dialect and Arnal Cavero's costumbrist stories and Juana Coscujuela's novel <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">A Lueca, historia d'una moceta d'o Semontano</i></span>, also in the <a href="/wiki/Somontano_de_Barbastro" title="Somontano de Barbastro">southern</a> dialect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aragonese_in_modern_education">Aragonese in modern education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Aragonese in modern education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1997 Aragonese law of languages stipulated that Aragonese (and Catalan) speakers had a right to the teaching of and in their own language.<sup id="cite_ref-Huguet_et_al._2008_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huguet_et_al._2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this, Aragonese lessons started in schools in the 1997–1998 academic year.<sup id="cite_ref-Huguet_et_al._2008_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huguet_et_al._2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally taught as an extra-curricular, non-evaluable voluntary subject in four schools.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, whilst legally schools can choose to use Aragonese as the language of instruction, as of the 2013–2014 academic year, there are no recorded instances of this option being taken in primary or secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the only current scenario in which Aragonese is used as the language of instruction is in the Aragonese philology university course, which is optional, taught over the summer and in which only some of the lectures are in Aragonese.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-school_education">Pre-school education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pre-school education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In pre-school education, students whose parents wish them to be taught Aragonese receive between thirty minutes to one hour of Aragonese lessons a week.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2014–2015 academic year there were 262 students recorded in pre-school Aragonese lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_school_education">Primary school education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Primary school education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subject of Aragonese now has a fully developed curriculum in primary education in Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, in the 2014–2015 academic year there were only seven Aragonese teachers in the region across both pre-primary and primary education and none hold permanent positions, whilst the number of primary education students receiving Aragonese lessons was 320.<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017 there were 1068 reported Aragonese language students and 12 Aragonese language instructors in Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_school_education">Secondary school education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Secondary school education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no officially approved program or teaching materials for the Aragonese language at the secondary level, and though two non-official textbooks are available (<span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Pos ixo... Materials ta aprender aragonés</i></span> (Benítez, 2007) and <span title="Aragonese-language text"><i lang="an">Aragonés ta Secundaria</i></span> (Campos, 2014)) many instructors create their own learning materials. Further, most schools with Aragonese programs that have the possibility of being offered as an examinative subject have elected not to do so. </p><p>As of 2007 it is possible to use Aragonese as a language of instruction for multiple courses; however, no program is yet to instruct any curricular or examinative courses in Aragonese. As of the 2014–2015 academic year there were 14 Aragonese language students at the secondary level.<sup id="cite_ref-Dongera,_R._2016_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dongera,_R._2016-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aragonese is not currently a possible field of study for a bachelor's or postgraduate degree in any official capacity, nor is Aragonese used as a medium of instruction. A bachelor's or master's degree may be obtained in Magisterio (teaching) at the University of Zaragoza; however, no specialization in Aragonese language is currently available. As such those who wish to teach Aragonese at the pre-school, primary, or secondary level must already be competent in the language by being a native speaker or by other means. Further, prospective instructors must pass an ad hoc exam curated by the individual schools at which they wish to teach in order to prove their competence, as there are no recognized standard competency exams for the Aragonese language. </p><p>Since the 1994–1995 academic year, Aragonese has been an elective subject within the bachelor's degree for primary school education at the University of Zaragoza's Huesca campus.<sup id="cite_ref-Dongera,_R._2016_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dongera,_R._2016-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Zaragoza's Huesca campus also offers a <i>Diploma de Especialización</i> (These are studies that require a previous university degree and have a duration of between 30 and 59 ECTS credits.) in Aragonese Philology with 37 ECTS credits.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia_de_l%27Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Academia de l'Aragonés">Academia de l'Aragonés</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arredol" title="Arredol">Arredol</a></i> – Electronic Aragonese newspaper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Ust%C3%A1riz_Borra" title="Rosario Ustáriz Borra">Rosario Ustáriz Borra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hablantes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hablantes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hablantes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hablantes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hablantes_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerez2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Perez, R. (2017-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/aragon/abci-aragones-lengua-romance-solo-hablan-1-por-ciento-aragoneses-201702210744_noticia.html">"El aragonés: la lengua romance que ya solo hablan el 1% de los aragoneses"</a> [Aragonese: the Romance language that already only 1% of Aragonese speak]. <i>ABC</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=El+aragon%C3%A9s%3A+la+lengua+romance+que+ya+solo+hablan+el+1%25+de+los+aragoneses&rft.date=2017-02-21&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Faragon%2Fabci-aragones-lengua-romance-solo-hablan-1-por-ciento-aragoneses-201702210744_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reyes_et_al._2017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reyes_et_al._2017_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reyes_et_al._2017_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyesGimenoMontañésSorolla2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reyes, Anchel; Gimeno, Chabier; Montañés, Miguel; Sorolla, Natxo; Esgluga, Pep; Martínez, Juan Pablo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/60448"><i>L'aragonés y lo catalán en l'actualidat. Analisi d'o Censo de Población y Viviendas de 2011</i></a> (in Aragonese). Zaragoza. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-16723-25-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-16723-25-6"><bdi>978-84-16723-25-6</bdi></a> – via zaguan.unizar.es.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27aragon%C3%A9s+y+lo+catal%C3%A1n+en+l%27actualidat.+Analisi+d%27o+Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Viviendas+de+2011&rft.place=Zaragoza&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-84-16723-25-6&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=Anchel&rft.au=Gimeno%2C+Chabier&rft.au=Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s%2C+Miguel&rft.au=Sorolla%2C+Natxo&rft.au=Esgluga%2C+Pep&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+Juan+Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzaguan.unizar.es%2Frecord%2F60448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boa.aragon.es/cgi-bin/BOAE/BRSCGI?CMD=VERDOC&BASE=BOLE&PIECE=BOLE&DOCR=3&SEC=FIRMA&RNG=200&SEPARADOR=&&PUBL=20091230">Languages Act of Aragon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721120237/http://www.boa.aragon.es/cgi-bin/BOAE/BRSCGI?CMD=VERDOC&BASE=BOLE&PIECE=BOLE&DOCR=3&SEC=FIRMA&RNG=200&SEPARADOR=&&PUBL=20091230">Archived</a> 2019-07-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official Bulletin of Aragon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ley 10/2009, de 22 de diciembre, de uso, protección y promoción de las lenguas propias de Aragón. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2010-1711">BOE núm. 30, de 4 de febrero de 2010, páginas 9875 a 9887</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ley 3/2013, de 9 de mayo, de uso, protección y promoción de las lenguas y modalidades lingüísticas propias de Aragón. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2013-6103">BOE núm. 138, de 10 de junio de 2013, páginas 43654 a 43662</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e18-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/arg/">Aragonese</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstudio_de_Filología_Aragonesa2017" class="citation book cs1">Estudio de Filología Aragonesa (2017). <i>Gramatica basica de l'Aragonés (Texto Provisional)</i>. Zaragoza: Edicions Dichitals de l'Academia de l'Aragonés.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gramatica+basica+de+l%27Aragon%C3%A9s+%28Texto+Provisional%29&rft.place=Zaragoza&rft.pub=Edicions+Dichitals+de+l%27Academia+de+l%27Aragon%C3%A9s&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Estudio+de+Filolog%C3%ADa+Aragonesa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimón2016" class="citation book cs1">Simón, Javier (2016). <i>Fonética y fonología del aragonés: una asignatura pendiente</i>. Universidad de Zaragoza.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fon%C3%A9tica+y+fonolog%C3%ADa+del+aragon%C3%A9s%3A+una+asignatura+pendiente&rft.place=Universidad+de+Zaragoza&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Sim%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRijk2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_de_Rijk" title="Rudolf de Rijk">Rijk, Rudolf P. G. de</a> (2008). <i>Standard Basque : a progressive grammar</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262042420" title="Special:BookSources/9780262042420"><bdi>9780262042420</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/636283146">636283146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Basque+%3A+a+progressive+grammar&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F636283146&rft.isbn=9780262042420&rft.aulast=Rijk&rft.aufirst=Rudolf+P.+G.+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrimer_Congreso_ta_ra_Normalizazion_de_l’aragonés1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Primer Congreso ta ra Normalizazion de l’aragonés (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223602/http://www.charrando.com/normasgraficas.pdf"><i>Normas graficas de l'aragonés: Emologatas en o I Congreso ta ra Normalización de l'aragonés</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Aragonese). Uesca: Publicazions d’o Consello d’a Fabla Aragonesa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-86036-19-4" title="Special:BookSources/84-86036-19-4"><bdi>84-86036-19-4</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normas+graficas+de+l%27aragon%C3%A9s%3A+Emologatas+en+o+I+Congreso+ta+ra+Normalizaci%C3%B3n+de+l%27aragon%C3%A9s&rft.place=Uesca&rft.pub=Publicazions+d%E2%80%99o+Consello+d%E2%80%99a+Fabla+Aragonesa&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=84-86036-19-4&rft.au=Primer+Congreso+ta+ra+Normalizazion+de+l%E2%80%99aragon%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charrando.com%2Fnormasgraficas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcademia_de_l'Aragonés2010" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Academia de l'Aragonés (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011074537/http://www.academiadelaragones.org/biblio/PROPUESTA%20ORTOGRAFICA%20ACAR%20%28copia%20protechida%20ta%20referencia%29.pdf"><i>Propuesta ortografica de l'Academia de l'Aragonés</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Aragonese), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academiadelaragones.org/biblio/PROPUESTA%20ORTOGRAFICA%20ACAR%20(copia%20protechida%20ta%20referencia).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-10-11</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Propuesta+ortografica+de+l%27Academia+de+l%27Aragon%C3%A9s&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Academia+de+l%27Aragon%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academiadelaragones.org%2Fbiblio%2FPROPUESTA%2520ORTOGRAFICA%2520ACAR%2520%28copia%2520protechida%2520ta%2520referencia%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vespertino-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vespertino_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vespertino_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVespertino_Rodríguez2002–2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vespertino Rodríguez, Antonio (2002–2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/26/50/097vespertino.pdf">"El aragonés de la literatura aljamiado-morisca"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archivo de filología aragonesa</i> (in Spanish). <span class="nowrap">59–</span>60 (2): <span class="nowrap">1731–</span>1756. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/26/50/097vespertino.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivo+de+filolog%C3%ADa+aragonesa&rft.atitle=El+aragon%C3%A9s+de+la+literatura+aljamiado-morisca&rft.volume=59-60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1731-%3C%2Fspan%3E1756&rft.date=2002%2F2004&rft.aulast=Vespertino+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fifc.dpz.es%2Frecursos%2Fpublicaciones%2F26%2F50%2F097vespertino.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some orthographic details related to local dialects are not listed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academiaaragonesadelalengua.org/sites/default/files/ficheros-pdf/ortografia-de-laragones_web_an.pdf">Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua - Instituto de l'Aragonés Ortografía de l'aragonés</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomás_Arias2016" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tomás Arias, Javier (2016). <i>Elementos de lingüística contrastiva en aragonés: estudio de algunas afinidades con gascón, catalán y otros romances</i> [<i>Elements of Contrastive Linguistics in Aragonese: A Study of Certain Affinities with Gascon, Catalan and Other Romance Languages</i>] (Doctoral thesis) (in Spanish). Universitat de Barcelona. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2445%2F108282">2445/108282</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Elementos+de+ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica+contrastiva+en+aragon%C3%A9s%3A+estudio+de+algunas+afinidades+con+gasc%C3%B3n%2C+catal%C3%A1n+y+otros+romances&rft.inst=Universitat+de+Barcelona&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2445%2F108282&rft.aulast=Tom%C3%A1s+Arias&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagore1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nagore, Francho (1989). <i>Gramática de la Lengua Aragonesa</i> [<i>Grammar of the Aragonese Language</i>] (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Mira Editores.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gram%C3%A1tica+de+la+Lengua+Aragonesa&rft.place=Zaragoza&rft.pub=Mira+Editores&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Nagore&rft.aufirst=Francho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrawley2003" class="citation book cs1">Frawley, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC"><i>International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513977-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513977-8"><bdi>978-0-19-513977-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Linguistics%3A+4-Volume+Set&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513977-8&rft.aulast=Frawley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsl_dDVctycgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I_Curso_sobre_lengua-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I_Curso_sobre_lengua_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnguita_Utrilla1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Enguita Utrilla, José María (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AJYbAAAAIAAJ&q=Libre+dels+tres+reys+d%2527orient"><i>I Curso sobre lengua y literatura en Aragón (Edad Media)</i></a> [<i>Course I on Language and Literature in Aragon (Middle Ages)</i>] (in Spanish). Zaragoza: Institución Fernando el Católico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788478200917" title="Special:BookSources/9788478200917"><bdi>9788478200917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Curso+sobre+lengua+y+literatura+en+Arag%C3%B3n+%28Edad+Media%29&rft.place=Zaragoza&rft.pub=Instituci%C3%B3n+Fernando+el+Cat%C3%B3lico&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9788478200917&rft.aulast=Enguita+Utrilla&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJYbAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DLibre%2Bdels%2Btres%2Breys%2Bd%252527orient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_the_Deacon1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul the Deacon (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LwDJOAAACAAJ&q=La+vida+de+Santa+Maria+egipciaca"><i>La Vida de Santa María Egipiciaqua</i></a> (in Spanish). University of Exeter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859890670" title="Special:BookSources/9780859890670"><bdi>9780859890670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Vida+de+Santa+Mar%C3%ADa+Egipiciaqua&rft.pub=University+of+Exeter&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780859890670&rft.au=Paul+the+Deacon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLwDJOAAACAAJ%26q%3DLa%2Bvida%2Bde%2BSanta%2BMaria%2Begipciaca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span>, a fourteenth-century translation into Old Castilian from Latin of a work by Paul the Deacon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrasquer_Launed1993" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carrasquer Launed, Francisco (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.iea.es/index.php/ALZ/article/view/46">"Cinco oscenses: Samblancat, Alaiz, Acín, Maurín y Sender, en la punta de lanza de la prerrevolución española"</a> [Five Oscenses: Samblancat, Alaiz, Acín, Maurín and Sender, at the Spearhead of the Spanish Pre-revolution]. <i>Alazet: Revista de filología</i> (in Spanish). <b>5</b>: <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17. <q>... aragoneses eran los hermanos Argensola, que según el dicho clásico subieron a Castilla desde Barbastro a enseñar castellano a los castellanos ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alazet%3A+Revista+de+filolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Cinco+oscenses%3A+Samblancat%2C+Alaiz%2C+Ac%C3%ADn%2C+Maur%C3%ADn+y+Sender%2C+en+la+punta+de+lanza+de+la+prerrevoluci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Carrasquer+Launed&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.iea.es%2Findex.php%2FALZ%2Farticle%2Fview%2F46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro, Chusé Inazio (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3854920"><i>Letras de cobre. Un breve recorrido por la literatura en lengua aragonesa</i></a> (in Spanish). Euskaltzaindia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letras+de+cobre.+Un+breve+recorrido+por+la+literatura+en+lengua+aragonesa.&rft.pub=Euskaltzaindia&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Chus%C3%A9+Inazio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D3854920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2022" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Edward H. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PrB-EAAAQBAJ"><i>A Companion to the Spanish Picaresque Novel</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-367-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-367-1"><bdi>978-1-85566-367-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Spanish+Picaresque+Novel&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-85566-367-1&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPrB-EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huguet_et_al._2008-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huguet_et_al._2008_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huguet_et_al._2008_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuguetLaprestaMadariaga2008" class="citation journal cs1">Huguet, Ángel; Lapresta, Cecilio; Madariaga, José M. (2008). "A Study on Language Attitudes Towards Regional and Foreign Languages by School Children in Aragon, Spain". <i>International Journal of Multilingualism</i>. <b>5</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">275–</span>293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14790710802152412">10.1080/14790710802152412</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144326159">144326159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Multilingualism&rft.atitle=A+Study+on+Language+Attitudes+Towards+Regional+and+Foreign+Languages+by+School+Children+in+Aragon%2C+Spain&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E275-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14790710802152412&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144326159%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Huguet&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel&rft.au=Lapresta%2C+Cecilio&rft.au=Madariaga%2C+Jos%C3%A9+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_Cortés_&_Paricio_Martín_2017_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_CortésParicio_Martín2017" class="citation book cs1">Martínez Cortés, Juan Pablo; Paricio Martín, Santiago J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/aragonese_in_spain.pdf"><i>The Aragonese Language in Education in Spain</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a>: Mercator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.mercator-research.eu/fileadmin/mercator/documents/regional_dossiers/aragonese_in_spain.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aragonese+Language+in+Education+in+Spain&rft.place=Leeuwarden&rft.pub=Mercator&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Paricio+Mart%C3%ADn%2C+Santiago+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercator-research.eu%2Ffileadmin%2Fmercator%2Fdocuments%2Fregional_dossiers%2Faragonese_in_spain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">" Torres-Oliva, M., Petreñas, C., Huguet, Á., & Lapresta, C. (2019). The legal rights of Aragonese-speaking schoolchildren: The current state of Aragonese language teaching in Aragon (Spain). Language Problems & Language Planning, 43(3), 262–285. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00045.tor">https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00045.tor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dongera,_R._2016-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dongera,_R._2016_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dongera,_R._2016_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Dongera, R., Krol-Hage, R. (Ed.), Sterk, R. (Ed.), Terlaak Poot, M. (Ed.), Martínez Cortés, J. P., & Paricio Martín, J. (2016). Aragonese: The Aragonese language in education in Spain. (Regional dossiers series). Mercator European Research Centre on Multilingualism and Language Learning.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magister.unizar.es/estudios/diploma-especializacion-filologia-aragonesa">Diploma de Especialización en Filología Aragonesa</a> - Universidad de Zaragoza, accessed on 01 February 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMott2007" class="citation cs2">Mott, Brian (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/Mott_2007.pdf">"Chistabino (Pyrenean Aragonese)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>37</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>114, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100306002842">10.1017/S0025100306002842</a></span> (inactive 2024-11-06), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/Mott_2007.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Chistabino+%28Pyrenean+Aragonese%29&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002842&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2FMott_2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAragonese+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonese_language&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aragonese_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aragonese language">Aragonese language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Aragonese language, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Aragonese_language" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Aragonese language"><i><b>Aragonese language</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="an:"> Aragonese edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aragonese" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Aragonese">Aragonese</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consello.org/pdf_temporal/repertoriopublicazions.pdf">Catalogue of Aragonese publications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academiadelaragones.org/">Academia de l'Aragonés</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consello.org/">Consello d'a Fabla Aragonesa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fablans.org/">Ligallo de Fablans de l'Aragonés</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311154144/http://fablans.org/">Archived</a> 2021-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nogara-religada.org/">A.C. Nogará</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/sociedat/">Sociedat de Lingüistica Aragonesa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charrando.com/">Aragonese language</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Spain" title="Template:Languages of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Languages of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Spain109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official / national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">a.k.a. Castilian</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional / minority<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Aranese_dialect" title="Aranese dialect">Aranese</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognised<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silbo_Gomero" title="Silbo Gomero">Gomeran whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Estremeñu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabrian dialect">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darija" class="mw-redirect" title="Darija">Darija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela_language" title="Erromintxela language">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquetas_Pidgin_Spanish" title="Roquetas Pidgin Spanish">Roquetas Pidgin Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarifit" title="Tarifit">Tarifit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a>, etc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Spanish" title="Standard Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li>Asturian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Basque" title="Standard Basque">Basque</a></li> <li>Catalan / Valencian</li> <li>Galician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_language_movement" title="Andalusian language movement">Andalusian language movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romance_languages_(classification)516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romance_languages" title="Template:Romance languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romance_languages" title="Template talk:Romance languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romance_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romance languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romance_languages_(classification)516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Romance_languages" title="Classification of Romance languages">classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_languages" title="Eastern Romance languages">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Western_languages" title="Italo-Western languages">Italo-Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Italo-Dalmatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Romance_languages" title="Southern Romance languages">Southern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_languages" title="Eastern Romance languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Daco-Romanian</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_dialects" title="Romanian dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat_Romanian_dialect" title="Banat Romanian dialect">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovinian_Romanian_dialect" title="Bukovinian Romanian dialect">Bukovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana_dialect" title="Crișana dialect">Crișana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_dialect" title="Maramureș dialect">Maramureș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_dialect" title="Moldavian dialect">Moldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oltenian_dialect" title="Oltenian dialect">Oltenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_varieties_of_Romanian" title="Transylvanian varieties of Romanian">Transylvanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_dialect" title="Wallachian dialect">Wallachian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Italo-<br />Dalmatian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Italian" title="Central Italian">Central Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marchigiano_dialect" title="Central Marchigiano dialect">Central Marchigiano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marchigiano_dialect#Ancona_dialect" title="Central Marchigiano dialect">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marchigiano_dialect#Fabriano_dialect" title="Central Marchigiano dialect">Fabriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marchigiano_dialect#Macerata_dialect" title="Central Marchigiano dialect">Macerata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central-Northern_Latian_dialect" title="Central-Northern Latian dialect">Central−Northern Latian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesco_dialect" title="Romanesco dialect">Romanesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabino_dialect" title="Sabino dialect">Sabino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallurese" title="Gallurese">Gallurese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Australian_dialect" title="Italo-Australian dialect">Italo-Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Italian" title="Maltese Italian">Maltese Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Swiss Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassarese_language" title="Sassarese language">Sassarese</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_dialect" title="Florentine dialect">Florentine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Southern_Italian" title="Extreme Southern Italian">Extreme Southern Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Calabria#Central-Southern_Calabrian" title="Languages of Calabria">Central−Southern Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salentino_dialect" title="Salentino dialect">Salentino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manduriano" title="Manduriano">Manduriano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantesco_dialect" title="Pantesco dialect">Pantesco</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Neapolitan–Calabrese</b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barese_dialect" title="Barese dialect">Barese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benevento_dialect" title="Benevento dialect">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelmezzano_dialect" title="Castelmezzano dialect">Castelmezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilentan_dialect" title="Cilentan dialect">Cilentan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpinian_dialect" title="Irpinian dialect">Irpinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianese_dialect" title="Arianese dialect">Arianese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molisan" title="Molisan">Molisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Latian_dialect" title="Southern Latian dialect">Southern Latian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantino_dialect" title="Tarantino dialect">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastese" title="Vastese">Vastese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Calabria#Northern_Calabrian_(Cosentian)" title="Languages of Calabria">Northern Calabrian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages#Dalmatian_Romance" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Dalmatian Romance</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_language" title="Dalmatian language">Dalmatian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Istriot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Italic_languages" title="Gallo-Italic languages">Gallo-Italic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilian%E2%80%93Romagnol" title="Emilian–Romagnol">Emilian–Romagnol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emilian_dialect" title="Emilian dialect">Emilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_dialect" title="Bolognese dialect">Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Mantuan" title="Judeo-Mantuan">Judeo-Mantuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmigiano_dialect" title="Parmigiano dialect">Parmigiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagnol" title="Romagnol">Romagnol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Forlivese dialect">Forlivese</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Romagnol" title="Old Romagnol">Old Romagnol</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_sammarinese" class="extiw" title="it:Dialetto sammarinese">Sammarinese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrarese_dialect" title="Ferrarese dialect">Ferrarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Basilicata" title="Gallo-Italic of Basilicata">Gallo-Italic of Basilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Italic_of_Sicily" title="Gallo-Italic of Sicily">Gallo-Italic of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_gallo-piceno" class="extiw" title="it:Dialetto gallo-piceno">Gallo-Picene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language" title="Ligurian language">Ligurian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigasc_dialect" title="Brigasc dialect">Brigasc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intemelio_dialect" title="Intemelio dialect">Intemelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_dialect" title="Monégasque dialect">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royasc" title="Royasc">Royasc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabarchino" title="Tabarchino">Tabarchino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lombard_dialects" title="Eastern Lombard dialects">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamasque_dialect" title="Bergamasque dialect">Bergamasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremish_dialect" title="Cremish dialect">Cremish</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Lombard_dialect" title="Old Lombard dialect">Old Lombard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Lombard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Lombard dialect">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brianz%C3%B6%C3%B6_dialect" title="Brianzöö dialect">Brianzöö</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canz%C3%A9s_dialect" title="Canzés dialect">Canzés</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustocco_and_Legnanese_dialects" title="Bustocco and Legnanese dialects">Bustocco–Legnanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legnanese_dialect" title="Legnanese dialect">Legnanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comasco-Lecchese_dialects" title="Comasco-Lecchese dialects">Comasco–Lecchese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comasco_dialect" title="Comasco dialect">Comasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagh%C3%A9e_dialect" title="Laghée dialect">Laghée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecchese_dialect" title="Lecchese dialect">Lecchese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallassinese_dialect" title="Vallassinese dialect">Vallassinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milanese_dialect" title="Milanese dialect">Milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossolano" title="Ossolano">Ossolano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Lombard" title="Southwestern Lombard">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cremun%C3%A9s_dialect" title="Cremunés dialect">Cremunés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novarese_Lombard" title="Novarese Lombard">Novarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavese_dialect" title="Pavese dialect">Pavese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticinese_dialect" title="Ticinese dialect">Ticinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varesino_dialect" title="Varesino dialect">Varesino</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judeo-Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-<br />Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Languesd&#039;oïl38" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl" title="Langues d'oïl">Langues<br />d'oïl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angevin_dialect" title="Angevin dialect">Angevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrichon_dialect" title="Berrichon dialect">Berrichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbonnais_dialects" title="Bourbonnais dialects">Bourbonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_language_(O%C3%AFl)" title="Burgundian language (Oïl)">Burgundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champenois_language" title="Champenois language">Champenois</a> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardennais_(dialecte)" class="extiw" title="fr:Ardennais (dialecte)">Ardennais</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9mois_(dialecte)" class="extiw" title="fr:Rémois (dialecte)">Rémois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frainc-Comtou" title="Frainc-Comtou">Frainc-Comtou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_language" title="Gallo language">Gallo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" title="Jersey Legal French">Jersey Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridional_French" title="Meridional French">Meridional</a></li> <li>North American dialects <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiac" title="Chiac">Chiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys_Bay_French" title="St. Marys Bay French">St. Marys Bay French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brayon" title="Brayon">Brayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_French" title="Newfoundland French">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_French" title="Quebec French">Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joual" title="Joual">Joual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magoua" title="Magoua">Magoua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarians#Language" title="Franco-Ontarians">Franco-Ontarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_French" title="Métis French">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskrat_French" title="Muskrat French">Muskrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_French" title="New England French">New England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchville_French" title="Frenchville French">Frenchville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_French" title="Louisiana French">Louisiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people#Modern_era" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_French" title="Missouri French">Missouri</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">Creoles</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorrain_language" title="Lorrain language">Lorrain</a> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaumais" class="extiw" title="fr:Gaumais">Gaumais</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosgien" class="extiw" title="fr:Vosgien">Vosgien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welche" title="Welche">Welche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayennais" class="extiw" title="fr:Mayennais">Mayennais</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moselle_Romance" title="Moselle Romance">Moselle Romance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law_French" title="Law French">Law French</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augeron" title="Augeron">Augeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauchois_dialect" title="Cauchois dialect">Cauchois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotentinais" title="Cotentinais">Cotentinais</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleanais_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleanais dialect">Orléanais</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paydret" class="extiw" title="fr:Paydret">Paydret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitevin%E2%80%93Saintongeais" title="Poitevin–Saintongeais">Poitevin–Saintongeais</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poitevin_dialect" title="Poitevin dialect">Poitevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintongeais_dialect" title="Saintongeais dialect">Saintongeais</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a> <ul><li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouest-wallon" class="extiw" title="fr:Ouest-wallon">West Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Walloon" title="Wisconsin Walloon">Wisconsin Walloon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a>/Arpitan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faetar_language" title="Faetar language">Faetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_dialect" title="Savoyard dialect">Savoyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect" title="Valdôtain dialect">Valdôtain</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Gallo-Romance_language" title="Old Gallo-Romance language">Old Gallo-Romance</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Iberian Romance languages">Ibero-<br />Romance</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West<br />Iberian</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asturleonese_language" title="Asturleonese language">Asturleonese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asturian" title="East Asturian">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Asturian" title="Western Asturian">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabrian dialect">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bercian_dialect" title="Bercian dialect">Bercian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%E1%B8%B7%E1%B8%B7uezu_dialect" title="Paḷḷuezu dialect">Paḷḷuezu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palra_d%27El_Rebollal" title="Palra d'El Rebollal">Palra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riberan_dialect" title="Riberan dialect">Riberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riunorese_Leonese" title="Riunorese Leonese">Riunorese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Leonese_language" title="Old Leonese language">Old Leonese</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galician%E2%80%93Portuguese" title="Galician–Portuguese">Galician–Portuguese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician%E2%80%93Asturian" title="Galician–Asturian">Galician–Asturian</a>/Eonavian</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_dialects" title="Portuguese dialects">dialects</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Africa" title="Portuguese language in Africa">African</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Asia" title="Portuguese language in Asia">Asian</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mineiro" title="Mineiro">Mineiro</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alentejan_Portuguese" title="Alentejan Portuguese">Alentejan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliventine_Portuguese" title="Oliventine Portuguese">Oliventine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estremenho_dialect" title="Estremenho dialect">Estremenho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minderico_language" title="Minderico language">Minderico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Portuguese" title="Northern Portuguese">Northern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Portuguese" title="Uruguayan Portuguese">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Creoles</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis">Portugis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judeo-Portuguese</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages#Classification" title="West Iberian languages">Castilian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judeo-Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Spanish" title="Equatoguinean Spanish">Equatoguinean</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Latin American</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_Spanish" title="Chilote Spanish">Chilote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Spanish" title="Peruvian Spanish">Peruvian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Ribere%C3%B1o_Spanish" title="Peruvian Ribereño Spanish">Peruvian Ribereño</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast%C3%BAo" title="Castúo">Castúo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcian_Spanish" title="Murcian Spanish">Murcian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Spanish" title="Saharan Spanish">Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_languages" title="Spanish-based creole languages">Creoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish" title="Old Spanish">Old Spanish</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pyrenean–Mozarabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Romance" title="Andalusi Romance">Andalusi Romance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aragonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects#Central_Aragonese" title="Aragonese dialects">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects#Eastern_Aragonese" title="Aragonese dialects">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7an" title="Ribagorçan">Ribagorçan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benasquese_dialect" title="Benasquese dialect">Benasquese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judeo-Aragonese</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects#Southern_Aragonese" title="Aragonese dialects">Southern</a> <ul><li>Somontanés <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navalese_dialect" title="Navalese dialect">Navalese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects#Western_Aragonese" title="Aragonese dialects">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisinian_Aragonese" title="Aisinian Aragonese">Aisinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ans%C3%B3_Aragonese" title="Ansó Aragonese">Ansó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arag%C3%BC%C3%A9s_Aragonese" title="Aragüés Aragonese">Aragüés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecho_Aragonese" title="Hecho Aragonese">Hecho</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_dialect" title="Navarrese dialect">Navarrese</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Navarrese" title="Old Navarrese">Old Navarrese</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Riojan" title="Old Riojan">Old Riojan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barranquenho" title="Barranquenho">Barranquenho</a> (mixed Portuguese–Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a> (mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages" title="Occitano-Romance languages">Occitano-<br />Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_dialects" title="Catalan dialects">dialects</a></li> <li>Eastern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algherese_dialect" title="Algherese dialect">Algherese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Catalan" title="Balearic Catalan">Balearic</a> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallorqu%C3%ADn" class="extiw" title="es:Mallorquín">Mallorcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorcan" title="Menorcan">Menorcan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Catalan" title="Central Catalan">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalan" title="Northern Catalan">Northern</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Judeo-Catalan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patuet" title="Patuet">Patuet</a></li> <li>Western <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribagor%C3%A7an" title="Ribagorçan">Ribagorçan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergnat" title="Auvergnat">Auvergnat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon_dialect" title="Gascon dialect">Gascon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aranese_dialect" title="Aranese dialect">Aranese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arnese_dialect" title="Béarnese dialect">Béarnese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language_of_Aas" title="Whistled language of Aas">Aas whistled</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landese_dialect" title="Landese dialect">Landese</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judeo-Provençal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedocien_dialect" title="Languedocien dialect">Languedocien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin_dialect" title="Limousin dialect">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_dialect" title="Niçard dialect">Niçard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaro-Alpine_dialect" title="Vivaro-Alpine dialect">Vivaro-Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vivaro-Alpine_dialect" title="Vivaro-Alpine dialect">Gardiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentonasc_dialect" title="Mentonasc dialect">Mentonasc</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Occitan" title="Old Occitan">Old Occitan</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Catalan" title="Old Catalan">Old Catalan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhaeto-Romance_languages" title="Rhaeto-Romance languages">Rhaeto-<br />Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fornes_dialects" title="Fornes dialects">Fornes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladin_language" title="Ladin language">Ladin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadorino_dialect" title="Cadorino dialect">Cadorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nones_dialect" title="Nones dialect">Nones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jauer_dialect" title="Jauer dialect">Jauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Put%C3%A8r" title="Putèr">Putèr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surmiran_dialect" title="Surmiran dialect">Surmiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sursilvan" title="Sursilvan">Sursilvan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuatschin_dialect_(Romansh)" title="Tuatschin dialect (Romansh)">Tuatschin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan_dialects_(Romansh)" title="Sutsilvan dialects (Romansh)">Sutsilvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallader_dialect" title="Vallader dialect">Vallader</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Franco-Italian" title="Franco-Italian">Franco-Italian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Lingua_Franca" title="Mediterranean Lingua Franca">Mediterranean Lingua Franca</a></i> (Western Romance-based pidgin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a> (unknown further classification) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" title="Chipilo Venetian dialect">Chipilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiuman_dialect" title="Fiuman dialect">Fiuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triestine_dialect" title="Triestine dialect">Triestine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_Romance" title="African Romance">African Romance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Latin" title="British Latin">British Latin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Latin" title="Pannonian Latin">Pannonian Latin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campidanese_Sardinian" title="Campidanese Sardinian">Campidanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logudorese_Sardinian" title="Logudorese Sardinian">Logudorese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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