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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Pearson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 49 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="كارل بيرسون – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل بيرسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="کارل پیرسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارل پیرسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="কার্ল পিয়ারসন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল পিয়ারসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карл Пірсан – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл Пірсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Карл Пиърсън – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Пиърсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Καρλ Πίρσον – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρλ Πίρσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="کارل پیرسون – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل پیرسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A8" title="칼 피어슨 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼 피어슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קרל פירסון – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל פירסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಪಿಯರ್ಸನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಪಿಯರ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карл Пирсон – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл Пирсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karls_P%C4%ABrsons" title="Karls Pīrsons – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karls Pīrsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карл Пирсон – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карл Пирсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्ल पीअर्सन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्ल पीअर्सन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="كارل بيرسون – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل بيرسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="カール・ピアソン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・ピアソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Пирсон, Карл – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пирсон, Карл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карл Пірсон – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Пірсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86" title="کارل پیرسن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارل پیرسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karl Pearson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="卡尔·皮尔逊 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔·皮尔逊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Karl Pearson</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Karl_Pearson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Karl_Pearson.jpg/250px-Karl_Pearson.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Karl_Pearson.jpg/375px-Karl_Pearson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Karl_Pearson.jpg/500px-Karl_Pearson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="761" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/27_mars" title="27 mars">27 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a><sup id="cite_ref-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5bafc506a6e9374de575b983b21b8988dd060f65_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5bafc506a6e9374de575b983b21b8988dd060f65-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><sup id="cite_ref-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/27_april" title="27 april">27 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a><sup id="cite_ref-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (79 år)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coldharbour_(Q9195337)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coldharbour (Q9195337) [inte skriven än]">Coldharbour</a><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Begravd</th><td class="etikett" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St_Michael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St Michael [inte skriven än]">Church of St Michael</a><sup id="cite_ref-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=sv&title=Karl+Pearson&params=54.074384_N_0.880976_W_globe:earth_region:GB-NYK_type:landmark">kartor</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, <time datetime="1879">1879</time><sup id="cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ruprecht-Karls-Universit%C3%A4t_Heidelberg" title="Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg">Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge">Universitetet i Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_College_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University College School [inte skriven än]">University College School</a><sup id="cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310794?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Matematiker" title="Matematiker">Matematiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" title="Filosof">filosof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biograf_(yrke)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biograf (yrke)">biograf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psykolog" title="Psykolog">psykolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historiker" title="Historiker">historiker</a>, matematikhistoriker, <a href="/wiki/Statistiker" title="Statistiker">statistiker</a>, eugeniker</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egon_Pearson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egon Pearson [inte skriven än]">Egon Pearson</a> <small>(f. 1895)</small><br />Helga Sharpe Pearson <small>(f. 1898)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><span class="modulwikidata2_missingswedishlabel" title="engelska" data-q="Q108112185">William Pearson</span><sup id="cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a><small> (1896)</small><sup id="cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Darwinmedaljen" title="Darwinmedaljen">Darwinmedaljen</a><small> (1898)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huxley_Memorial_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huxley Memorial Medal [inte skriven än]">Huxley Memorial Medal</a><small> (1903)</small><sup id="cite_ref-36f33c849a4359e23daadb90dfecf8c2bcda0d50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36f33c849a4359e23daadb90dfecf8c2bcda0d50-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weldon_Memorial_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weldon Memorial Prize [inte skriven än]">Weldon Memorial Prize</a><small> (1912)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Karl_Pearson" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Karl Pearson">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Pearson</b>, född <a href="/wiki/27_mars" title="27 mars">27 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>, död <a href="/wiki/27_april" title="27 april">27 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>, gav betydande bidrag till <a href="/wiki/Statistik" title="Statistik">statistisk teori</a>. </p><p>År <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> grundade Pearson världens första statistikinstitution vid <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>. Han var också förespråkare för <a href="/wiki/Eugenik" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenik">eugenik</a>, och protegé till <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tidiga_arbeten_och_liv">Tidiga arbeten och liv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tidiga arbeten och liv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tidiga arbeten och liv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 1884 utnämndes han till professor i tillämpad matematik och mekanik vid <i>University College London</i>. År 1891 utnämndes han till professor i geometri vid <a href="/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a>, där han träffade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Frank_Raphael_Weldon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Frank Raphael Weldon [inte skriven än]">Walter Frank Raphael Weldon</a>, en zoolog som hade några intressanta problem som rörde kvantitativa lösningar. Deras samarbete i biometri och evolutionsteori var fruktbart och varade till Weldons död 1906. </p><p>Weldon introducerade Pearson till <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwins</a> kusin <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a>, som var intresserad av frågor om ärftlighet och eugenik. Pearson blev Galtons protegé — hans "statistiska arvvinge" som några har kallat det — ibland gränsande till hjältebeundran. </p><p>När Galton dog lämnade han sin kvarlåtenskapen till <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> som finansiering till en professur i eugenik. Pearson var den första innehavaren av denna stol, i överensstämmelse med Galtons vilja. Han bildade institutionen för tillämpad statistik (med finansiellt bidrag från <i>Draper's Company</i>), där han inlemmade <i>the Biometric and Galton</i> <i>laboratories</i>. Hans stannade kvar vid institutionen tills hans pensionering 1933, och arbete där fram till sin död 1936. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidrag_till_statistisk_teori">Bidrag till statistisk teori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bidrag till statistisk teori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bidrag till statistisk teori"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pearson deltog år 1901 i grundandet av tidskriften <i>Biometrika</i> som fokuserade på statistisk teori, och han var dess redaktör livet ut. </p><p>Han bidrog starkt till utvecklingen av linjär regression och korrelation, och har givit namn åt <a href="/wiki/Korrelationskoefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Korrelationskoefficient">korrelationskoefficienten</a> – "Pearsons r". </p><p>Han bidrog också till klassifikationen av sannolikhetsfördelningar, speciellt exponentialfördelningen, som ligger bakom generaliserade linjära modeller. Han bidrog även med Pearsons <a href="/wiki/Chitv%C3%A5f%C3%B6rdelning" title="Chitvåfördelning">χ²-test</a>, ett signifikanstest på skillnader i proportioner, samt med två mått på skevhet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publikationer">Publikationer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Publikationer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Publikationer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The New Werther</i> (<a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><i>The Trinity, A Nineteenth Century Passion Play</i> (<a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><i>Die Fronica</i> (<a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><i>The Ethic of Freethought</i> (<a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Grammar_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Grammar of Science [inte skriven än]">The Grammar of Science</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>), Dover Publications 2004 edition, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-486-49581-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-486-49581-7">ISBN 0-486-49581-7</a></li> <li><i>On the dissection of asymmetrical frequency curves</i> (<a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><i>Skew variation in homogeneous material</i> (<a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><i>Regression, heredity and panmixia</i> (<a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)</li> <li><i>On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to hove arisen from random sampling</i> (<a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><i>Tables for Statisticians and Biometricians</i> (<a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><i>Tables of Incomplete Beta Function</i> (<a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><i>The life, letters and labours of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></i> (3 vol.: <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>, <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>). Tillgänglig på <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://galton.org">http://galton.org</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidare_läsning"><span id="Vidare_l.C3.A4sning"></span>Vidare läsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidare läsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidare läsning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Porter, Theodore M. (2004): <i>Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age</i>, Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Eisenhart, Churchill (1974): <i>Dictionary of Scientific Biography</i>, s. 447–73. New York, 1974.</li> <li>Filon, L. N. G. and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udny_Yule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udny Yule [inte skriven än]">Yule, G. U.</a> (1936): <i>Obituary Notices of the Royal Society of London</i>, Vol. ii, nr. 5, s. 73–110.</li> <li>Pearson, E. S. (1938): <i>Karl Pearson: An appreciation of some aspects of his life and work</i>. Cambridge University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pearson&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d358833daa6beee1d8fa5762c6ca00d888e142e5_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>, <i>BnF Catalogue général : <span title="svenska">öppen dataplattform</span></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299179c">läs online</a>, läst: 10 oktober 2015.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i>, läst: 22 augusti 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5bafc506a6e9374de575b983b21b8988dd060f65-3"><a href="#cite_ref-5bafc506a6e9374de575b983b21b8988dd060f65_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>SNAC</i>, SNAC Ark-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69s1t36">w69s1t36</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ica2012.ica.org/files/pdf/Full%20papers%20upload/ica12Final00310.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-332328b7d1adbf881173266794b4c05e8a26b272_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_M._Prochorov" title="Aleksandr M. Prochorov">Aleksandr M. Prochorov</a> (red.), ”Пирсон Карл”, <i><span title="ryska">Большая советская энциклопедия</span> : <span title="ryska">[в 30 т.]</span></i>, tredje utgåvan, Stora ryska encyklopedin, 1969, läst: 28 september 2015.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-5"><a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6-6"><a href="#cite_ref-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagraveforums.com/">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c-7">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2d2d4d02711fde2581b95242b9513973bacc755c_7-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">Who's who</span></i>, A & C Black, Who's Who UK-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U215311">U215311</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99-8"><a href="#cite_ref-fe5b9a6e85f660a4cea0fc2b13b79783f0f02d99_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></i>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36f33c849a4359e23daadb90dfecf8c2bcda0d50-9"><a href="#cite_ref-36f33c849a4359e23daadb90dfecf8c2bcda0d50_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.therai.org.uk/awards/honours-prior-recipients/huxley-memorial-medal-and-lecture-prior-recipients">läs online</a>, <i>www.therai.org.uk</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title 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