吃慢点更苗条—论文

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float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="content1" style="width: 94%; font: 14px 宋体; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 吃慢点更苗条</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px;"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p>  </p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 咀嚼食物能形成健康的饮食习惯，这是古老的智慧。缓慢进食和充分咀嚼有助于防止肥胖和体重增加——这一观点在一个世纪前流行开来，并在之后的零星科学研究中得到验证。据报道，咀嚼食物的过程通常会增加与食物代谢相关的能量消耗，并增加肠道动力——这些将导致摄入食物后体内热量增加，即食物诱导产热（DIT）。然而，长时间咀嚼是如何在体内诱导DIT的还不清楚。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 日本早稻田大学的Yuka Hamada博士和教授Naoyuki Hayashi发表了一项研究，揭示了咀嚼和DIT之间的因果关系。近日，这项研究发表在《科学报告》上。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> DIT也被称为食物生热效应，会使能量消耗高于空腹水平，是一种已知的防止体重增加的途径。此前，研究小组发现，缓慢进食和充分咀嚼不仅会增加DIT，还会促进腹部内脏区域的血液循环。尽管这些研究将咀嚼引起的DIT与腹部消化和吸收活动的增加联系起来，但留下了进一步探索的空间。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> “我们不确定进入消化道的食物团是否导致了缓慢进食后观察到的DIT增加，此外，长时间咀嚼食物产生的口腔刺激是否会增加DIT？”Hayashi解释说，“若要将缓慢咀嚼定义为一种有效、科学的体重管理策略，我们需要更深入地研究这些问题。”</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 为找到答案，研究人员设计了一项新研究，利用液体食物排除了食物团的影响。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 整个研究包括在不同日期进行的3次试验。对照试验中，研究人员要求受试者在正常情况下每30秒吞下20毫升液体测试食物；在第二项试验中，受试者将同样的食物放在嘴里30秒而不进行咀嚼，从而在吞咽前延长品尝时间；在第三项试验中，受试者以每秒1次的频率咀嚼20毫升的食物30秒，然后吞下。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 研究人员在进食前后适时测量其饥饿感、饱足感、气体交换变量、DIT和内脏血循环等变量。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 在这些试验中，饥饿和饱腹评分没有差异。然而，正如Hayashi所描述的那样，“我们发现DIT或能量在进食后增加，并且随着每次味觉刺激和咀嚼时间的延长而增加”，这意味着不考虑食物团，口腔刺激（在口中品尝和咀嚼食物的持续时间）会增加DIT。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 随着味觉刺激和咀嚼时间的延长，气体交换和蛋白质氧化增加了，内脏腹腔动脉的血流量也增加了。由于这条动脉向消化器官供应血液，因此在咀嚼过程中，上消化道运动对口腔刺激的反应也会增强。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 该研究强调，通过增加能量消耗，充分咀嚼确实有助于预防肥胖和代谢综合征。Hayashi总结道：“虽然每顿饭的能量消耗差异很小，但365天的累积效应是巨大的。”</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 在强有力的科学研究的支持下，缓慢进食和充分咀嚼可能是对体重管理的最新建议。（来源：中国科学报 文乐乐）</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em;"> 相关论文信息：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03109-x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03109-x</a></p> <div>  </div> <div class="bq" style="text-indent:0em;font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;border:solid 1px #333 ;padding:10px;"> 版权声明：凡本网注明“来源：中国科学报、科学网、科学新闻杂志”的所有作品，网站转载，请在正文上方注明来源和作者，且不得对内容作实质性改动；微信公众号、头条号等新媒体平台，转载请联系授权。邮箱：shouquan@stimes.cn。</div> <div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #bfc89d; 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吃慢点 更苗条—论文—科学网

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