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Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 1st Baronet - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">English landowner and Member of Parliament</div> <p> Sir <b>Hugh Cholmeley, 1st Baronet</b> (22 July 1600 – 20 November 1657) was an <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landowner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> who sat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a> at various times between 1624 and 1643. He was initially a <a href="/wiki/Roundheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundheads">Parliamentarian</a> but later a <a href="/wiki/Cavaliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavaliers">Royalist</a> leader during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. His name is sometimes spelt <b>Cholmley</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Hugh_Cholmeley,_1st_Baronet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cholmeley was born at <a href="/wiki/Thornton-le-Dale" title="Thornton-le-Dale">Thornton-le-Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, the son of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cholmeley_(died_1631)" title="Richard Cholmeley (died 1631)">Richard Cholmeley</a> and his first wife Susanna Legard, daughter of John Legard of <a href="/wiki/Ganton" title="Ganton">Ganton</a>, Yorkshire (<a href="/wiki/Legard_baronets" title="Legard baronets">Legard baronets</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Charlton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charlton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Grammar_School" title="Beverley Grammar School">Beverley Free School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1624 he was elected one of the members of parliament for <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)">Scarborough</a> and was re-elected in 1625 and 1626. He was <a href="/wiki/Knighted" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighted">knighted</a> in 1626. In 1628 he was re-elected a member for Scarborough and sat until 1629, when King Charles I began to rule without parliament for eleven years. In 1622 he had married Elizabeth Twysden, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Twysden,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Twysden, 1st Baronet">Sir William Twysden, 1st Baronet</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Peckham" title="East Peckham">East Peckham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Twysden" title="Anne Twysden">Anne Finch</a>, by whom he had two sons: William, his eldest son and heir, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hugh_Cholmeley,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet">Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet</a>, the last of the line. </p><p>From 1636 he was <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)#Colonel_of_the_Regiment" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pickering_Lythe_Trained_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickering Lythe Trained Band">Pickering Lythe Trained Band</a> and commanded it during the <a href="/wiki/First_Bishops%27_War" title="First Bishops&#39; War">First Bishops' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the years when <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> ruled without Parliament, Cholmeley became, together with <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hotham,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet">Sir John Hotham</a>, one of the leaders of resistance among the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">gentry</a>. He organised a number of petitions and protests, and in 1639 he refused to pay <a href="/wiki/Ship_money" title="Ship money">ship money</a>. As a result, he was dismissed from all his posts and was summoned before the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State">Council of State</a>, the King reportedly telling Hotham and Cholmeley that if they interfered again he would hang them both.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth1887-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1640 Cholmeley was again elected a member for Scarborough in the <a href="/wiki/Short_Parliament" title="Short Parliament">Short Parliament</a>. He was re-elected for Scarborough for the <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> in November 1640 and was created a <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">baronet</a> in 1641.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, a Parliamentarian when the civil war broke out, Cholmeley was one of the parliamentary commissioners sent to negotiate with the King in May 1642; he raised a regiment for the Parliamentary army which fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgehill" title="Battle of Edgehill">Battle of Edgehill</a> and later joined <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax" title="Thomas Fairfax">Fairfax</a> in his campaign against the royalist garrison at <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. However, when <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">the Queen</a> landed in Yorkshire, returning from the Netherlands where she had been attempting to raise money and troops, Cholmeley declared for the King, and <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a> put him in command of all maritime affairs along the northern half of the Yorkshire coast. He was disabled from sitting in parliament in 1643. After the Royalist defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marston_Moor" title="Battle of Marston Moor">Battle of Marston Moor</a>, Cholmeley refused to flee the country, holding <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a> for the king during its <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Scarborough_Castle" title="Great Siege of Scarborough Castle">Great Siege</a>, until he was forced to surrender, on very favourable terms, on 22 July 1645.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth1887-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His estates were <a href="/wiki/Sequestration_(law)" title="Sequestration (law)">sequestrated</a>, but he later compounded for £850. </p><p>Cholmeley spend time in exile, until returning to England in 1649. He wrote his memoirs before his death on 30 November 1657. It was addressed to his sons, and intended to "embalm the great virtues and perfections of their mother", who had died two years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth1887-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Hugh_Cholmeley,_1st_Baronet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Charlton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Charlton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLionel_Charlton1779" class="citation book cs1">Lionel Charlton (1779). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=25dbAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA312"><i>The history of Whitby, and of Whitby abbey, before the conquest</i></a>. A. Ward; and sold in London by T. Cadell, ... and G. Robinson, ... as also by all the booksellers in York; and by J. Monkman, bookseller in Whitby. p.&#160;312.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+history+of+Whitby%2C+and+of+Whitby+abbey%2C+before+the+conquest&amp;rft.pages=312&amp;rft.pub=A.+Ward%3B+and+sold+in+London+by+T.+Cadell%2C+...+and+G.+Robinson%2C+...+as+also+by+all+the+booksellers+in+York%3B+and+by+J.+Monkman%2C+bookseller+in+Whitby.&amp;rft.date=1779&amp;rft.au=Lionel+Charlton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D25dbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA312&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir+Hugh+Cholmeley%2C+1st+Baronet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADCHLY614H" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&amp;suro=w&amp;fir=&amp;firo=c&amp;cit=&amp;cito=c&amp;c=all&amp;z=all&amp;tex=CHLY614H&amp;sye=&amp;eye=&amp;col=all&amp;maxcount=50">"Cholmely, Hugh (CHLY614H)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cholmely%2C+Hugh+%28CHLY614H%29&amp;rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DCHLY614H%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir+Hugh+Cholmeley%2C+1st+Baronet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turton, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFirth1887-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFirth1887_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFirth1887">Firth 1887</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092524382#page/n147/mode/2up">George Edward Cokayne <i>Complete Baronetage, Volume 2</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span>&#160;This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:&#160;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth1887" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Firth, Charles Harding (1887). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Cholmley,_Hugh_(1600-1657)" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cholmley, Hugh (1600-1657)">Cholmley, Hugh (1600-1657)</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol.&#160;10. London: Smith, Elder &amp; Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cholmley%2C+Hugh+%281600-1657%29&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&amp;rft.date=1887&amp;rft.aulast=Firth&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+Harding&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASir+Hugh+Cholmeley%2C+1st+Baronet" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Hugh_Cholmeley,_1st_Baronet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>D. Brunton &amp; D. H. Pennington, <i>Members of the Long Parliament</i> (London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, 1954)</li> <li>J. Foster, <i>Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire</i></li> <li>Major Robert Bell Turton, <i>The History of the North York Militia, now known as the Fourth Battalion Alexandra Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment)</i>, Leeds: Whitehead, 1907/Stockton-on-Tees: Patrick &amp; Shotton, 1973, ISBN 0-903169-07-X.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cholmeley_(died_1631)" title="Richard Cholmeley (died 1631)">Sir Richard Cholmeley</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Conyers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Conyers (page does not exist)">William Conyers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)">Scarborough</a> </b><br />1624–1629 <br />With: <b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Conyers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Conyers (page does not exist)">William Conyers</a> 1624–1628<br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Constable,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet">Sir William Constable, Bt</a> 1628–1629 </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Personal_Rule" title="Personal Rule">Parliament suspended until 1640</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Personal_Rule" title="Personal Rule">Parliament suspended since 1629</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)">Scarborough</a> </b><br />1640–1643 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_the_younger" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hotham the younger">John Hotham</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Matthew_Boynton,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Matthew Boynton, 1st Baronet">Sir Matthew Boynton, 1st Baronet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Luke_Robinson_(died_1669)" title="Luke Robinson (died 1669)">Luke Robinson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_baronetcies" title="List of extant baronetcies">Baronetage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Cholmeley_baronets" title="Cholmeley baronets">Baronet</a><br /></b>(of Whitby)<b> </b><br />1641–1657 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cholmeley_baronets" title="Cholmeley baronets">William Cholmeley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7527299#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7527299#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027916802">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2710192">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/150588/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg8CGGFRJKr38vh8rJkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124120466">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85088989">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145500327">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145500327">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p20435403X">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/068750307">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6n591wx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐65c9bb7d57‐lnptp Cached time: 20241206054054 Cache expiry: 2592000 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