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font_md-card-mae">Ionna Vautrin, notre dame des chaises</h2></a><p class="description-text font_secondary">Déterminée, bosseuse et joviale, la designer bretonne, nom confirmé de la création contemporaine, signe la «marée» d’assises destinée à meubler la cathédrale parisienne rouverte prochainement au public.</p><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">il y a 56min</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk"></div><div><div translate="no" class='mailmunch-forms-widget-1128511'></div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk"></div></div></div><div order="2" class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 eYDfrr col-sm-12 col-md-xl-3 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class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Pourquoi Luce, la nouvelle mascotte «manga» du Vatican, fait-elle grincer des dents ?"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Pourquoi Luce, la nouvelle mascotte «manga» du Vatican, fait-elle grincer des dents ?</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">5 nov. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/portraits/sarah-poniatowski-exterioriser-son-interieur-20241103_KHC5G54ZNJA2DKORRK3AJSCFLM/" title="Sarah Poniatowski, extérioriser son intérieur"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/portraits/sarah-poniatowski-exterioriser-son-interieur-20241103_KHC5G54ZNJA2DKORRK3AJSCFLM/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Le portrait</a><a href="/portraits/sarah-poniatowski-exterioriser-son-interieur-20241103_KHC5G54ZNJA2DKORRK3AJSCFLM/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Sarah Poniatowski, extérioriser son intérieur"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Sarah Poniatowski, extérioriser son intérieur</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">3 nov. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj"></div><div><hr /></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj"></div></div><div class="default__Main-sc-sezp2u-2 kxxFcP sc-bJsHXV dUioey"><div class="flex-chain container-fluid"><div class=""><div class="row"><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 gWdzdQ col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-la-chaise-a-tolix-cherche-a-se-reinventer-un-avenir-en-acier-20241024_L7AIDCPT5VEVPCMP25NWAVRQTI/" title="Avec la chaise «A», Tolix cherche à se réinventer un avenir en acier"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-la-chaise-a-tolix-cherche-a-se-reinventer-un-avenir-en-acier-20241024_L7AIDCPT5VEVPCMP25NWAVRQTI/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Design</a><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-la-chaise-a-tolix-cherche-a-se-reinventer-un-avenir-en-acier-20241024_L7AIDCPT5VEVPCMP25NWAVRQTI/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Avec la chaise «A», Tolix cherche à se réinventer un avenir en acier"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Avec la chaise «A», Tolix cherche à se réinventer un avenir en acier</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">24 oct. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/design/cetait-une-super-petite-voiture-elle-faisait-jeune-la-r5-ou-les-cles-dun-succes-francais-20241011_FRDNYE7MCVESJDO2FI5TYT7MBU/" title="«C’était une super petite voiture, elle faisait jeune» : la R5 ou les clés d’un succès français"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/design/cetait-une-super-petite-voiture-elle-faisait-jeune-la-r5-ou-les-cles-dun-succes-francais-20241011_FRDNYE7MCVESJDO2FI5TYT7MBU/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Design</a><a href="/lifestyle/design/cetait-une-super-petite-voiture-elle-faisait-jeune-la-r5-ou-les-cles-dun-succes-francais-20241011_FRDNYE7MCVESJDO2FI5TYT7MBU/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="«C’était une super petite voiture, elle faisait jeune» : la R5 ou les clés d’un succès français"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">«C’était une super petite voiture, elle faisait jeune» : la R5 ou les clés d’un succès français</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">11 oct. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kwKUVH col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/design/mobilier-mode-autos-quand-le-design-appuie-sur-le-champignon-20241010_24T2VMOQD5ERBMSGGMV4NB24BE/" title="Mobilier, mode, autos : quand le design appuie sur le champignon"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/design/mobilier-mode-autos-quand-le-design-appuie-sur-le-champignon-20241010_24T2VMOQD5ERBMSGGMV4NB24BE/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Design</a><a href="/lifestyle/design/mobilier-mode-autos-quand-le-design-appuie-sur-le-champignon-20241010_24T2VMOQD5ERBMSGGMV4NB24BE/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Mobilier, mode, autos : quand le design appuie sur le champignon"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Mobilier, mode, autos : quand le design appuie sur le champignon</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">10 oct. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="flex-chain container-fluid"><div class=""><div class="row"><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 gWdzdQ col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/design/crado-peu-ecolo-mais-instagrammable-le-fridgescaping-fait-froid-dans-le-dos-20241001_GV2KU4WB25FOLETOR67OCOD7DM/" title="Crado, peu écolo, mais instagrammable : le «fridgescaping» fait froid dans le dos"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/design/crado-peu-ecolo-mais-instagrammable-le-fridgescaping-fait-froid-dans-le-dos-20241001_GV2KU4WB25FOLETOR67OCOD7DM/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Déco</a><a href="/lifestyle/design/crado-peu-ecolo-mais-instagrammable-le-fridgescaping-fait-froid-dans-le-dos-20241001_GV2KU4WB25FOLETOR67OCOD7DM/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Crado, peu écolo, mais instagrammable : le «fridgescaping» fait froid dans le dos"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Crado, peu écolo, mais instagrammable : le «fridgescaping» fait froid dans le dos</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">1er oct. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/consommation/ces-boites-mont-vraiment-simplifie-la-vie-souvenirs-de-reunions-tupperware-20240922_2GUGP2EGEJDV3L26JK7OXSMFUQ/" title="«Ces boîtes m’ont vraiment simplifié la vie» : souvenirs de réunions Tupperware"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/consommation/ces-boites-mont-vraiment-simplifie-la-vie-souvenirs-de-reunions-tupperware-20240922_2GUGP2EGEJDV3L26JK7OXSMFUQ/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Récit</a><a href="/lifestyle/consommation/ces-boites-mont-vraiment-simplifie-la-vie-souvenirs-de-reunions-tupperware-20240922_2GUGP2EGEJDV3L26JK7OXSMFUQ/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="«Ces boîtes m’ont vraiment simplifié la vie» : souvenirs de réunions Tupperware"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">«Ces boîtes m’ont vraiment simplifié la vie» : souvenirs de réunions Tupperware</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">22 sept. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kwKUVH col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-le-gang-des-yoyo-la-poussette-de-luxe-stokke-se-fait-une-place-en-france-20240920_N5YSTXRCDJCALFZF3RQR4MI7WA/" title="Avec le «gang des Yoyo», les parents fous de la poussette de luxe"><div><div class="sc-cMOycp sc-jxgYAQ ePOnka fqVpUH"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-le-gang-des-yoyo-la-poussette-de-luxe-stokke-se-fait-une-place-en-france-20240920_N5YSTXRCDJCALFZF3RQR4MI7WA/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Ça pousse</a><a href="/lifestyle/design/avec-le-gang-des-yoyo-la-poussette-de-luxe-stokke-se-fait-une-place-en-france-20240920_N5YSTXRCDJCALFZF3RQR4MI7WA/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Avec le «gang des Yoyo», les parents fous de la poussette de luxe"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Avec le «gang des Yoyo», les parents fous de la poussette de luxe</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">20 sept. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-la-binic-un-mini-phare-breton-a-la-maison-20240907_KNEMHTC36NDSRONRVZOO22KV6U/" title="Les best-sellers du design : la Binic, un mini phare breton à la maison" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Série</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Les best-sellers du design : la Binic, un mini phare breton à la maison</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">7 sept. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-la-chaise-louis-ghost-starck-academie-20240905_FN5IC5MXURHL5DNAKTKEB76ZCA/" title="Les best-sellers du design : la chaise Louis Ghost, Starck académie" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Série</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Les best-sellers du design : la chaise Louis Ghost, Starck académie</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">5 sept. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/le-mobilier-modulaire-un-concept-toujours-dans-lair-du-temps-20240905_X4ESKP64ANDJ7OT4OSASLE6POI/" title="Le mobilier modulaire, un concept toujours dans l’air du temps" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Design</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Le mobilier modulaire, un concept toujours dans l’air du temps</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">5 sept. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-duralex-en-verre-et-contre-tout-20240903_ZZO2PE7KWRFS7AYTWJW24B3YWY/" title="Les best sellers du design : Duralex, en verre et contre tout" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Série</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Les best sellers du design : Duralex, en verre et contre tout</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">3 sept. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/des-jardins-resilients-en-haut-de-la-friche-20240830_WDK3VBWBLRG4NKM2NKCL2EODXY/" title="Des «jardins résilients» en haut de la friche" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Ecologie</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Des «jardins résilients» en haut de la friche</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">31 août 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-la-billy-plie-le-game-du-meuble-en-kit-20240831_OTVSYDS5SVGWHL3EXLPVY2UYF4/" title="Les best sellers du design : la Billy plie le game du meuble en kit" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Série</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Les best sellers du design : la Billy plie le game du meuble en kit</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">31 août 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/pres-de-rouen-jardiner-dans-un-jeu-subtil-avec-la-nature-20240831_ZAFHRNAHJVC6THXRSBMCB4A24I/" title="Près de Rouen, jardiner dans «un jeu subtil avec la nature»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Reportage</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Près de Rouen, jardiner dans «un jeu subtil avec la nature»</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">31 août 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-le-tire-bouchon-anna-g-mendini-a-prix-dami-20240829_EGOBCARA6ND6JH5TCICY6DY4FY/" title="Les best sellers du design : le tire-bouchon Anna G, Mendini à prix d’ami" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" 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kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Série</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Les best sellers du design : le tabouret Tam Tam et tu tapes tapes tapes cet appoint qui te plaît</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">27 août 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/mariages-deco-cadeaux-la-nouvelle-eclosion-de-la-fleur-en-papier-20240724_DB3UWLIZBZHWDHLJK2YXTBZIXY/" title="Mariages, déco, cadeaux… La nouvelle éclosion de la fleur en papier" 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href="/lifestyle/design/handicap-et-jeux-de-societe-mattel-gagne-des-points-mais-ne-prend-pas-la-main-20240626_FJK7SYKH4RALTK6XJGNN7DWD3A/" title="Handicap et jeux de société : Mattel gagne des points, mais ne prend pas la main" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Billet</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Handicap et jeux de société : Mattel gagne des points, mais ne prend pas la main</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">26 juin 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/la-fast-deco-se-pique-de-meubles-pour-animaux-20240530_SDGQLGDK3NAEDIJF2KCGMYO5PM/" title="La fast-déco se pique de meubles pour animaux" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Conso</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">La fast-déco se pique de meubles pour animaux</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">30 mai 2024</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr 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dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/le-frigo-ecolo-de-demain-sinspire-des-frigos-du-desert-dhier-20240516_GUZROHQZEVADRFBN5FFG5PSTZA/" title="Le frigo écolo de demain s’inspire des frigos du désert d’hier" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Low tech</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Le frigo écolo de demain s’inspire des frigos du désert d’hier</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">16 mai 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/apres-la-fast-fashion-haro-sur-la-fast-deco-20240514_JR2D6RNPBBBT7OYEQGE4AB7BP4/" title="Après la fast fashion, haro sur la fast déco ?" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Surconsommation</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">Après la fast fashion, haro sur la fast déco ?</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">14 mai 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/lenfance-du-design-au-centre-pompidou-du-beau-pour-les-mioches-20240504_7LD4MKSK3BGWFM4GF4JBJ7PRRA/" title="«L’enfance du design» au centre Pompidou : du beau pour les mioches" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Mobilier</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-eZgkGA kHZLdW">«L’enfance du design» au centre Pompidou : du beau pour les mioches</h2></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-eZgkGA sc-bRrTXx fZQctu eYRjPM">4 mai 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-eZgkGA kIdaAC">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-wkCba dKbpqY"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/lifestyle/design/interieur-durable-et-nuances-terreuses-le-salon-du-meuble-de-milan-ouvre-ses-portes-a-la-nature-et-a-david-lynch-20240416_YDSNRLDS7BH3LEM6XCDQRS7GEI/" title="Intérieur durable et nuances terreuses : le Salon du meuble de Milan ouvre ses portes à la nature et à David Lynch" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-hyyKtA cwAbgC"><div class="sc-inbMCf kQuBjd"></div><div class="sc-inbMCf hLsosh"><div direction="column" class="sc-hyyKtA dcdsOK"><div class="sc-inbMCf hYRxJP"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-eZgkGA hUmeaB">Design</div></div><div class="sc-inbMCf sc-bvdFzt hYRxJP jjsNAm"><h2 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son air de petit robot humanoïde, tout droit sorti d’un film de science-fiction, qui lui donne ce charme fou ? Ou alors ses courbes douces, généreuses et accueillantes qui rassurent l’œil ? Ludique mais discrète, la lampe Binic, du nom du port des Côtes-d’Armor, est d’abord un hommage chaleureux à l’univers maritime,<i> </i><a href=\"https://www.cotemaison.fr/chaine-d/creation/ionna-vautrin-tout-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-cette-designer-de-talent_15021.html\"><i>«source infinie d’inspiration»</i></a><i> </i>pour sa conceptrice, Ionna Vautrin. Comme si elle nous invitait à posséder un phare de poche à domicile, dans la chambre ou au salon. 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Conçu en 2010 par la designer normande, collaboratrice <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/ronan-bouroullec-le-terme-de-design-ne-me-plait-plus-du-tout-20231007_JVY22GWV5JFXHDGCOGQIBW6F5E/\">des frères Bouroullec</a> dans sa jeunesse, le luminaire en polycarbonate, dont il s’est vendu 100 000 exemplaires environ depuis, est en tout cas déjà culte. Le Graal pour un objet de design contemporain. <i>«Pour qu’une pièce se vende, il faut une très bonne collaboration. Et si une pièce a du sens, elle marchera quoi qu’il advienne</i>, explique Laurence Bartoletti, chargée d’études documentaires au Musée des arts décoratifs de Paris et enseignante à l’Ecole nationale supérieure de création industrielle (ENSCI-Les Ateliers). <i>Aujourd’hui, il n’y a pas de bons luminaires dans toutes les collections ; c’est compliqué à faire et c’est très cher. 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Suivent par exemple de nombreuses collaborations tout aussi remarquées : la lampe TGV, initialement prévue pour éclairer les nouvelles rames des lignes grande vitesse, pour Moustache et la SNCF, en 2017, ou une famille d’objets (un miroir œil de sorcière, un vase, un bougeoir, et bien sûr une lampe, etc.), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/prisunic-et-monoprix-labos-du-beau-20211217_4LUJSYJLBRAL3J74PATKSFRGVA/\">pour Monoprix</a> en 2021. C’était avant de se voir confier l’an passé la conception <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/a-notre-dame-de-paris-un-nouveau-mobilier-pour-unifier-les-fideles-et-les-touristes-20230623_DYTVYMU5TRCTJKISOY74IK37MA/\">des 1500 nouvelles chaises de la cathédrale</a> Notre-Dame, à livrer pour la réouverture en décembre. Mais ces créations toujours aussi espiègles n’égalent pas, pour l’heure, le génie de la petite lampe habitée par les bons esprits bretons."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Vendus à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires depuis leur conception, ces objets sont devenus les marqueurs d’une époque ou des icônes révolutionnaires du design. Dans notre sixième épisode, le luminaire ludique d’Ionna Vautrin, best-seller contemporain."},"description":{"basic":"Vendus à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires depuis leur conception, ces objets sont devenus les marqueurs d’une époque ou des icônes révolutionnaires du design. 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Pour le mobilier, la modularité, qui repose sur la capacité d’un objet à être transformé, est une idée éprouvée au moins depuis l’après-guerre, facilitée par l’industrialisation et, donc, la production en série. En 1956, par exemple, l’Atelier de recherches plastiques (ARP), qui regroupe les designers Pierre Guariche, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/design/2014/07/02/c-est-tout-motte_1055554/\">Joseph-André Motte</a> et Michel Mortier, conçoit une bibliothèque composée de différents modules en bois, dont certains avec des portes vitrées, pour faciliter le rangement – une obsession de la reconstruction. Ce sont les éléments Minvielle. Vendu en kit et en série, ce meuble connaît d’ailleurs un énorme succès."},{"level":2,"_id":"4B54WONGUVHDFDVCF3L3G2DZQE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1725370483572},"type":"header","content":"L’alpha et l’oméga de l’aménagement flexible"},{"_id":"2C7I3FL4CVFVDNE26IM6ZWNFKQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723639530763},"type":"text","content":"Au début des années 60, le fabricant suisse de mobilier USM innove, lui, avec le système modulaire en acier à partir d’une articulation sphérique, qui permet de constituer le mobilier polyvalent que l’on souhaite. L’USM Haller (1 200 euros, le plus petit) s’impose très vite pour la constitution de postes de travail reconfigurables dans les bureaux et administrations du monde entier, à commencer par la banque Rothschild à Paris. Le canapé modulable, pour sa part, s’impose dans les salons à partir des années 70 avec l’émergence d’un nouvel art de vivre plus proche du sol. C’est par exemple l’Asmara, sofa aux formes alternées convexes et concaves de Bernard Govin commercialisé par Ligne Roset (plus de 3 500 euros), ou, en 1996, le fauteuil méridienne Slice (1 764 euros) de Pierre Charpin, composé d’une succession de poufs multicolores (505 euros l’unité)."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"USM","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"4711e756a5c73ec1e12dc07aefb305e730ddcbd4b79486150dc7ed9e3029798e"},"caption":"Pavillon USM. 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Elle a peut être été moins exprimée ces dernières années mais a toujours subsisté», </i>note Antoine Roset, le directeur général de Ligne Roset-Cinna. C’est en en effet en entreprise qu’elle est devenue l’alpha et l’oméga de l’aménagement flexible – et donc efficient – ces vingt dernières années. Un mouvement accentué <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/social/bruit-rythme-de-travail-risques-psychosociaux-en-open-space-des-conditions-de-travail-globalement-moins-bonnes-20231215_2YTHDYQHDRB37OJC6OG7NO7BIA/\">dans les open spaces</a> par la crise sanitaire. Développée depuis 2006 <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/design/2013/05/01/les-freres-bouroullec-un-grand-moment_900230/\">par les frères Bouroullec</a> pour Vitra, la gamme Alcove (des canapés, fauteuils ou bureaux entourés de panneaux arrière et latéraux fixés par des fermetures Eclair et recouverts de tissu matelassé) en est un joyeux exemple."},{"_id":"T7I4VCZT4NEM3IHCDZIAZFTFHM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723639530765},"type":"text","content":"La cloison décorative Algues (119 euros les 25), faite de modules de 30 centimètres en plastique souple et conçue deux ans plus tôt par la paire bretonne, est d’ailleurs l’un de leurs best-sellers, écoulée à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires. <i>«La modularité a surtout été appliquée dans les bureaux et espaces tertiaires mais beaucoup moins à la maison, </i>tempère Karin Gintz, la directrice générale de Vitra France. <i>La maison, une fois meublée, restait généralement la même pendant de nombreuses années. L’intérieur était aussi en général centré sur la télévision.» </i>L’éditeur suisse entretient d’ailleurs une vieille relation avec ce concept depuis sa création en 1950."},{"level":2,"_id":"VIRMUJ3DSZFZ7NNSEJ5FIB5JVA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1725370483576},"type":"header","content":"«Des sculptures avec lesquelles les gens peuvent interagir»"},{"_id":"XZ4TD4YTH5EXXBKIXID5CM35AU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723639530766},"type":"text","content":"Empilable, la célèbre chaise en plastique moulé DSS (290 euros), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/images/2016/01/01/charles-et-ray-eames-ere-appliquee_1423884/\" target=\"_blank\">de Charles et Ray Eames</a>, dont on retrouve des copies ou non dans toutes les salles des fêtes, possède ainsi une accroche latérale qui permet d’aligner chaque module pour constituer des rangées. Aujourd’hui, le mobilier modulaire cherche à répondre à des modes de vie toujours plus mobiles et des intérieurs aux dimensions réduites à peau de chagrin. Mais aussi à une demande pour des objets durables, c’est-à-dire robustes, et plus respectueux de l’environnement, au gré des déménagements ou de l’évolution des goûts."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"RUJKZXNIMBCTNOOVJXQICAA4BY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"E5LMPXBN4BER5GHN4D5I6ODD7U"},"title":"Décryptage","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"KKQVJSOGSFHKVP5MAZF52CC3C4","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"UWLK6YYHHNFIFMJ6BNP3P3VNIE","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Handicap et design : les objets inclusifs restent au fond des tiroirs","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/handicap-et-design-les-objets-inclusifs-restent-au-fond-des-tiroirs-20231112_42FVBO6X7BDOPLKVSILWRCUYOM/"}]},{"_id":"LDAZQVXTEBCKZGJ5FXWLBWPIRE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723639530768},"type":"text","content":"<i>«C’est la possibilité d’aménager, réaménager son intérieur à volonté. La transformation de l’objet ou de sa fonction est un vrai plus pour les consommateurs, surtout dans les espaces de plus petite taille», </i>avance Antoine Roset. L’ensemble Family – un canapé, deux chauffeuses, une table basse et une table de chevet et un repose-pied en mousse, recouvert d’un tissu signé Kvadrat (2) – de la toute jeune marque Nara, lancée l’an passé, promet par exemple un aménagement ludique du salon, inspiré par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/maria-montessori-linconnue-a-la-celebre-pedagogie-20230203_XYI36SNUR5H4PC6GANR2XFECVQ/\" target=\"_blank\">la pédagogie de Maria Montessori</a>, aux couleurs de l’arc-en-ciel. <i>«Ce sont des sculptures avec lesquelles les gens peuvent interagir : on peut jouer avec, </i>expliquent ses concepteurs, la scénographe Nara Lee et le photographe David Luraschi. <i>Les formes géométriques sont simples pour ne pas compliquer les choses. La modularité est venue spontanément.»</i>"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Nara","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"ba23d3da2d04ed0bff838d72acbdc2d2d748f74871cd50dcf383101f9d669f22"},"caption":"Canapé NARA.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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bibliothèques, colonnes de rangement (Opus, Unit Shelf, Construction), assemblages de tiroirs (The Drawers and I), tables (MAP)… Le designer français Martin Szekely prouve depuis vingt ans qu’il est aussi possible avec des meubles évolutifs et presque invisibles (3) en aluminium, en plâtre ou en bambou, de pousser la notion <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/arts/2018/07/01/martin-szekely-le-desequilibriste_1663266/\">dans ses retranchements esthétiques</a>. <i>«La modularité rend possible le dépassement de l’échelle convenue du mobilier domestique afin d’envisager l’infinitude de leur déploiement dans l’espace tout en suscitant l’imaginaire, </i>affirme le concepteur du verre Perrier (1996). <i>Elle permet la régularité et son contraire, mais aussi la multiplicité des formules constructives, souvent réversibles.» </i>Une source pour la création loin d’être tarie."},{"_id":"LJRNVVMCCVCS3KLBTEC6MJN4I4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723642486240},"type":"text","content":"(1) Du 5 au 14 septembre à Paris, voir le programme sur <a href=\"https://www.maison-objet.com/paris-design-week\" target=\"_blank\">www.maison-objet.com/paris-design-week</a>."},{"_id":"FUQBPX5Z5FBBREBD6BJMIK5AFA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723642486241},"type":"text","content":"(2) Comptez 8 000 euros le sofa, 1 800 euros la table basse."},{"_id":"Z5QXNC6HBJE3ROISN55FUHMLUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723642486242},"type":"text","content":"(3) Plusieurs milliers d’euros au bas mot."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Bibliothèques, canapés, luminaires… L’intérêt des designers contemporains et de leurs éditeurs pour les meubles modulables, adaptés à des modes de vie plus mobiles et des intérieurs plus petits, ne tarit pas. Nouvelles démonstrations lors de la Paris Design Week cette semaine."},"description":{"basic":"L’intérêt des designers et de leurs éditeurs pour les meubles modulables, adaptés à des modes de vie plus mobiles et des intérieurs plus petits, ne tarit pas. 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y a bien un objet que chaque Français a eu au moins une fois dans sa vie entre ses mains, c’est bien celui-ci. 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Son succès tient à la simplicité de ses lignes et son très bas coût de fabrication, qui a permis de maintenir la production en France,</i> note Marianne Brabant, assistante de conservation, au musée des Arts décoratifs.<i> Dans les années 70, il a aussi traversé les frontières pour être diffusé dans 120 pays.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"HSVR4BOT4FGLNOIDJKR5R6NSPA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723211715079},"type":"header","content":"Transparents ou colorés"},{"_id":"OIZW2XIXQVAHDFSYLQ72ZWUFKA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723211715078},"type":"text","content":"Ce produit sériel, fonctionnel, résistant au choc et à la chaleur, est fait pour inonder le marché. Il sort de l’usine en 1946, un an après la création de la marque Duralex, qui s’inspire de l’adage latin <i>Dura lex sed lex, </i>«La loi est dure, mais c’est la loi», par Saint-Gobain. On ne connaît ni l’identité de son concepteur ni les choix qui ont présidé à ses contours arrondis sans fioriture décorative. Le procédé de fabrication du gobelet en verre trempé, breveté en 1944 par l’industriel français est basé sur un principe de choc thermique. La matière subit d’abord une cuisson à 1500°C, ensuite moulée à 700°C, pressée et refroidie très rapidement par air frais à 20°C."},{"_id":"HSVR4BOT4FGLNOIDJKR5R6NSPA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":365,"comment":"Un glorieux destin que ne connaît pas, lui, l’intriguant verre Saturna, dessiné par Guy Boucher en 1968, pour Duralex, et distribué par Prisunic, mais tombé dans l’oubli. "}],"comments":[],"_id":1723211715079},"type":"text","content":"Ce processus, d’abord destiné à la production de vitres d’automobile et qui permet d’obtenir un verre robuste, a aussi été utilisé en 1954 pour un deuxième modèle tout aussi populaire dans les cafés-restaurants : le verre Picardie, reconnaissable à ses 9 facettes. 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la pelouse cramée : voilà à quoi ressemblent les jardins des banlieues pavillonnaires et autres ronds points végétalisés, l’été quand le mercure dépasse les 30°C sans discontinuer et que la pluie est aux abonnés absents. Et même si c’est un peu moins vrai cette année, en raison de précipitations plus que de saison partout en France – <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/nappes-phreatiques-gorgees-deau-la-saison-estivale-devrait-etre-moins-compliquee-que-lan-dernier-20240712_J3UDCI7YEJB4HDMB5NDPLGH6XI/\">à l’exception des Pyrénées-Orientales et de la Corse</a> –, le tableau se précise année après année : <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/secheresse-du-tout-pelouse-faisons-table-rase-20230712_25VPMBOM3VGW3C763A3QZGMOC4/\">le tout-gazon est menacé</a>."},{"_id":"QDYAQFZEJVAFJNGRIOG7B3T7EA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645617},"type":"text","content":"Et pour cause : pour rester verdoyant, ce symbole de réussite sociale, lointain héritier du boulingrin des jardins à la française des châteaux du XVIIe siècle et toujours très apprécié des Français – 12 millions de jardins privatifs en sont pourvus, selon la Société française des gazons –, exige quantité d’eau, d’engrais et de pesticides. Qui plus est, le tapis vert, coupé au ras des pâquerettes <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/golf-dans-les-pyrenees-orientales-en-visite-a-perpignan-christophe-bechu-juge-le-projet-anachronique-20240321_4BFGSA7DJJFUZL4WQNC25I3KKE/\">à la façon d’un green de golf</a>, n’est pas un terreau favorable à la biodiversité (insectes, oiseaux, petits mammifères). <i>«L’idée de mettre du gazon pour ensuite arroser à tout va n’est plus acceptable comme pratique»</i>, assume le paysagiste anglais James Basson."},{"level":2,"_id":"OIVBX673BNFYNOUANXMH673QW4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645618},"type":"header","content":"Adaptés au manque d’eau"},{"_id":"OIVBX673BNFYNOUANXMH673QW4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645618},"type":"text","content":"Installé près de Grasse, sur la Côte d’Azur, le créateur est avec son épouse Helen chantre depuis une vingtaine d’années de jardins qui ne demandent ni eau ni grand entretien. Mais sans remiser au placard un quelconque geste esthétique. Ces «jardins secs» ou xérophiles, qui essaiment de la Californie à l’Essex, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2015/07/31/arnaud-maurieres-et-eric-ossart-on-n-a-pas-besoin-de-se-convaincre-on-sait-comment-fonctionne-l-autr_1357066/\">d’Agadir</a> à Prague, sont faits pour être adaptés au manque d’eau. De par le choix des essences végétales locales et le drainage du sol. <i>«Dans le bassin méditerranéen, on a trois à neuf mois de sécheresse : les plantes doivent donc tenir sur cette longue période,</i> développe James Basson. <i>Un jardin sec repose donc sur les persistantes, des lavandes, des pistachiers, des santolines, du thym, des sauges, et des graminées semées de manières aléatoires et irrégulières, un peu comme la garrigue. Mais il peut avoir dix mille formes.»</i>"},{"_id":"2OXQ3OY24BDTZEYSPXALTVBYDA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645619},"type":"text","content":"Plus résistant aux risques et aléas climatiques, et finalement plus autonome, ce type de jardin, également éprouvé depuis les années 80 par les botanistes Olivier et Clara Filippi dans leur pépinière de Loupian, près de Sète (Hérault), est un bel exemple d’un mouvement encore minoritaire, mais de plus en plus audible chez les professionnels du paysage : <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/a-chaumont-sur-loire-le-paysagisme-fait-de-la-resilience-20230709_W65XB527QBHS3JXDRSOXKVRQNE/\">la quête de résilience</a>. Autrement dit, la conception de jardins en mesure de faire face aux menaces environnementales et climatiques du XXIe siècle. En témoigne la parution de livres autour du concept ce printemps comme <i>Jardins résilients </i>de Tom Massey chez Leduc ou<i> Créer son jardin résilient, </i>de Didier Willery, chez Ulmer."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"QKXWPT2V6VFUHIKC2PGJEFVXOA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"H6QTQRQVVNA5XA24XMV6ZFBNZM"},"title":"Interview","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"TMDQCG4FOBCTLPS7NUTP3HQXJU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"GROF7I3SONCCZCDEAZLDGZVJNM","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Antoine de Lavalette, maître jardinier 2023 : «Il faut réfléchir différemment à la façon dont on pense les jardins»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/antoine-de-lavalette-maitre-jardinier-2023-il-faut-reflechir-differemment-a-la-facon-dont-on-pense-les-jardins-20231209_F3676BJDLRCYZAJIEUS2UPGN5E/"}]},{"_id":"Y7PGEPDWH5HIXJX64SLL23IFBM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645620},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ce sont des jardins qui ne demandent pas des tonnes d’eau, qui résistent au vent, qui supportent des gelées tardives, désormais légions au mois d’avril, capables de se régénérer en cas de gros traumatismes, et par voie de conséquence, extrêmement faciles à entretenir</i>, résume ce dernier, auteur-jardinier prolifique, qui créent dans son éden de Camblain-Châtelain (Pas-de-Calais) des <i>«communautés végétales»</i> dans la lignée des «jardins en mouvement» <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2017/06/21/le-jardin-espace-subversif_1578558/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">du «précurseur» Gilles Clément.</a> Il complète : «<i>L’intervention humaine n’est pas nulle, sinon ce ne serait pas un jardin. Disons qu’avec la résilience, on intègre l’évolution possible de la végétation, mais sous contrôle pour obtenir l’effet que l’on souhaite. Le jardinier reste maître dans son jardin.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"CVLGYUXFS5AC5D6G7KPVZKZIWI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645622},"type":"header","content":"«Tolérer un entretien minimal»"},{"_id":"5DNNJTAZUVC4TBUEJ2G4O3N57E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645621},"type":"text","content":"Cela passe par exemple par la création de prairies sauvages de plantes vivaces et annuelles, riches en diversité végétale et refuges idéaux pour la petite faune. <i>«C’est intéressant pour couvrir des zones assez larges sans que ce soit planté. Ensuite, la fauche se fait une fois par an. On peut y retrouver une forte biodiversité, beaucoup d’insectes ont besoin de ces conditions pour vivre»,</i> plaide le paysagiste américain Nicholas Tomlan, installé à Montrichard (Loire-et-Cher). Ce concepteur de <i>«jardins durables»</i>, inspiré par les steppes et autres prairies fleuries, promeut désormais auprès des particuliers qui le sollicitent <i>«des solutions faciles à entretenir et visuellement intéressantes»</i>."},{"_id":"CVLGYUXFS5AC5D6G7KPVZKZIWI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721923645622},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Chez un client </i>[le château de Saint-Germain, ndlr]<i>, on a créé une grande prairie où l’on sème des annuelles sauvages chaque année, c’est une espèce de jachère, en juillet, les floraisons sont magnifiques, </i>narre l’ancien directeur botanique du jardin de Chenonceau. <i>Mais il faut aussi tolérer un entretien minimal, que les fleurs s’assèchent et cela nécessite un regard un peu différent du jardinier.» </i>En Bourgogne, dans le jardin expérimental Le Flérial (deux hectares de prairies dans l’Yonne), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/eric-lenoir-la-joie-quon-a-de-voir-la-flore-apparaitre-alors-quon-na-rien-foutu-cest-genial-20211223_NLSMYR25ZZFA5I6OXJLPE545MU/\" target=\"_blank\">le paysagiste «punk» et écolo Eric Lenoir</a> a, lui, pris le parti radical de l’observation et du quasi-laisser-faire depuis 2012. Le résultat, évolutif, se donne à voir dans la biodiversité végétale et animale qui s’y déploie désormais."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Encore minoritaires, des paysagistes créent des «jardins secs» ou des «prairies sauvages», espaces adaptés aux aléas climatiques, pour lesquels l’intervention humaine est minimale."},"description":{"basic":"Encore minoritaires, des paysagistes créent des «jardins secs» ou des «prairies sauvages», espaces adaptés aux aléas climatiques, pour lesquels l’intervention humaine est minimale."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de 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jeune adulte quittant le nid parental pour une studette ou une colocation n’a pas eu sa Billy ? Modulable selon l’envie – et les dimensions du logis –, sobre, livrée en kit à monter soi-même, et surtout extrêmement bon marché (de 40 à 160 euros, pour les modèles les plus imposants), cette bibliothèque, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/opinions/ikea-mais-ou-est-billy-20211007_IBCA6VU5JVCTRN77R2XDBGAXJI/\">meuble phare d’Ikea</a>, notamment en France, écrase désormais toute forme de concurrence. Depuis quarante-cinq ans, plus de 60 millions d’unités auraient été écoulées et, selon <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/ikea-va-investir-pres-dun-milliard-deuros-en-france-20230515_MJDM5KZCA5DZJGCVM3I5SAKV7E/\">le géant suédois de l’ameublement</a>, il s’en vendrait désormais une toutes les cinq secondes dans le monde. Rien que ça.<i> «Son design épuré et ses lignes simples ont contribué à son succès mondial»</i>, revendique encore le spécialiste du mobilier en kit, qui défend un <i>«design démocratique».</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"NUQD5MRUDRFTVNZLDW7L7K352A","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"IBEIDXAOSZCH7EE2BPHZWVX2KU"},"title":"L'épisode précédent","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"YPF226CMSZGWJFMCKXEC67ZBT4","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"FPFBLZM64VFUHESY5EQRBHXWRA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Les best sellers du design : le tire-bouchon Anna G, Mendini à prix d’ami","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/les-best-sellers-du-design-le-tire-bouchon-anna-g-mendini-a-prix-dami-20240829_EGOBCARA6ND6JH5TCICY6DY4FY/"}]},{"_id":"BG4XOMN7BNEYBNK5MSHUHPZYXA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723212399723},"type":"text","content":"<i>«C’est un meuble efficace qui obéit à sa fonction, soit accueillir des livres, et qui a permis de démocratiser un objet pas aussi diffusé que ça à l’époque, </i>retient Joris Thomas, référent des collections design du Musée d’art moderne et contemporain (MAMC) de Saint-Etienne. <i>Mais ce n’est pas en bois massif, c’est de l’aggloméré, et c’est ce qui fait baisser les coûts. Son problème, c’est la durabilité dans le temps.»</i> A moins d’un entretien irréprochable, la Billy ne résiste pas à plusieurs démontages ou déménagements. D’ailleurs, le meuble ne coupe pas aux critiques qui incombent au plus emblématique <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/apres-la-fast-fashion-haro-sur-la-fast-deco-20240514_JR2D6RNPBBBT7OYEQGE4AB7BP4/\">représentant de la fast furniture</a> (la fast fashion du meuble), notamment en matière environnementale."},{"level":2,"_id":"A4KTUICORZEJRIUUUPTCBJOUAA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723212399724},"type":"header","content":"«On se demande pourquoi personne ne l’a imaginé plus tôt» "},{"_id":"A4KTUICORZEJRIUUUPTCBJOUAA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723212399724},"type":"text","content":"Un documentaire, diffusé en février sur Arte, avance à ce propos qu’un arbre est coupé toutes les deux secondes pour les seuls besoins en bois d’Ikea. Le coût écologique de l’accessibilité. <i>«On se demande pourquoi personne ne l’a imaginé plus tôt, le succès a été permis parce que c’est Ikea, avec des moyens de production et de diffusion gigantissimes»</i>, complète Etienne Tornier, responsable des collections modernes et contemporaines du <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/pouvoir-adopter-un-siege-de-starck-ou-des-freres-bouroullec-a-bordeaux-cest-chaise-faite-20230707_TNEQFDVLYRETLBO3T4HR3XSPY4/\">Musée des arts décoratifs et du design de Bordeaux</a>. Conçu en 1979, ce meuble est en revanche l’un des quelques produits initiaux imaginés de toute pièce par l’entreprise scandinave. On le doit à Gillis Lundgren, dessinateur technique et quatrième employé de l’enseigne de ventes de meubles par correspondance créée à Älmhult en 1943."},{"_id":"RZ44ZKFYFRBHZKU6FMT6D4VMCA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723212399725},"type":"text","content":"La légende veut que le designer ait dessiné les premières esquisses de la Billy sur une serviette de table pour répondre à une demande d’Ingvar Kamprad. Le fondateur d’Ikea venait de lui passer le message <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/2020/12/18/pour-les-marques-le-catalogue-n-est-plus-a-la-page_1809124/\">du responsable du catalogue</a>, un certain Billy Liljedahl, qui regrettait l’absence d’un meuble fonctionnel, robuste et sans fioriture pour ranger des livres dans les collections. Au fil des années, la bibliothèque connaît quelques évolutions, son poids est notamment allégé pour faciliter le transport mais sans perdre la stabilité des étagères. Cela a pour conséquence une baisse de 30% de son prix. Plus récemment, elle s’est dotée d’accessoires (serre-livres, présentoirs, portes, etc). Et a fait l’objet d’un livre, intitulé <i>Billy le kit,</i> chez Albin Michel pour ses 30 ans."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Vendus à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires depuis leur conception, ces objets sont devenus les marqueurs d’une époque ou des icônes révolutionnaires du design. Dans notre troisième épisode, la bibliothèque phare de l’enseigne suédoise, symbole d’un design «démocratique», dont il se vendrait un exemplaire toutes les cinq secondes. 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notre approche, un lapin de garenne détale dans les allées de pelouse entre deux «carrés» d’herbes folles. Des <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/pollinisation-et-disparition-des-insectes-nous-sommes-dans-une-spirale-incontrolable-20231221_CV6BZLN2WJANLN2A2EFUGCJLZI/\">pollinisateurs</a> en tout genre (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/terre/2020/02/16/avec-le-changement-climatique-sale-temps-pour-les-bourdons_1778019/\">bourdons</a>, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/journee-mondiale-des-abeilles-nous-avons-besoin-despeces-capables-dassurer-leur-survie-sans-intervention-humaine-20230520_7XDVMN2JGBCVDKT7LCULX5SHT4/\">abeilles</a>, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/la-belle-dame-ce-papillon-capable-de-traverser-locean-atlantique-dune-traite-20240706_ZJDXLJPINFAW7IECTLBBEL35W4/\">papillons</a>, etc.) volent en rase-mottes à la recherche d’une fleur sauvage à butiner tandis qu’<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/en-ile-de-france-90-des-hirondelles-ont-disparu-depuis-vingt-ans-20231118_TO5JRDCC7ZGJNH65QEOLWDSVFU/#:~:text=Biodiversit%C3%A9-,%C2%ABEn%20Ile%2Dde%2DFrance%2C%2090%25%20des%20hirondelles,ont%20disparu%20depuis%20vingt%20ans%C2%BB&text=Une%20enqu%C3%AAte%20d%C3%A9nombrant%20les%20esp%C3%A8ces,ou%20%C3%A0%20l'agriculture%20intensive.\">une hirondelle</a> pique une tête dans le bassin-miroir du centre du jardin où bullent <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/11/18/comme-un-poisson-rouge-dans-l-eau-de-son-refuge_1691059/\">des poissons rouges</a>.<i> «On a toute une faune qui s’installe. Ça a ses avantages et ses inconvénients, </i>note Sylvie Quibel, hôte des lieux.<i> Il y a deux ans par exemple, on a eu une invasion de mulots. Ils adorent les bulbes et se sont bien régalés. Mais cette année, ça s’est équilibré. En revanche, </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/800-millions-doiseaux-disparus-en-europe-lagriculture-intensive-est-la-principale-responsable-20230515_4C5CGBIAYFCTXICU2ASYNWUCXQ/\"><i>il y a de moins en moins d’oiseaux</i></a><i>.»</i>"},{"copyright":"Arhur Gau","syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"c3addc480cf6328a3ac4d0319c7e5d4fa22fa9975c0e0facc49c2cfaf245265c"},"caption":"Sylvie et Patrick Quibel dans leur jardin, le 18 juillet 2024.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Libération ","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Arthur Gau","type":"author","byline":"Arthur Gau"}]},"creditIPTC":"Libération 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Patrick, son époux, la pépiniériste d’Auzouville-sur-Ry (Seine-Maritime) reçoit par beau temps, un matin de la mi-juillet, sous les pommiers d’un ancien verger, dont ils tirent un succulent jus de pomme. Tout, autour de nous, est en fleur, donnant au visiteur rêveur l’impression de se retrouver au cœur même <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/arts/signac-collectionneur-au-musee-dorsay-la-couleur-un-point-cest-tout-20211227_YDYD57A2URCM7DEHAJZRV5BIWI/\">d’un tableau pointilliste</a> en perpétuel mouvement. Sur ce bout de terrain de la campagne rouennaise, 3,2 hectares plein sud autour d’un corps de ferme acquis en 1996, le couple – qui ne donne pas son âge – élabore depuis quasiment trente ans avec un grand arrosoir de patience et le don de l’observation un paradis végétal, reconnu de part et d’autre de la Manche (1)."},{"level":2,"_id":"LGK4NVWFZJDE5BPABZPE32SD2M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1722335057664},"type":"header","content":"Avant-gardisme"},{"_id":"T5CH5ZHZ5NGWNH4EIB56BJCHXY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1722335057665},"type":"text","content":"Ouvert au public en 2002, le jardin Plume, labellisé entre-temps jardin remarquable par le ministère de la Culture, doit sa renommée internationale à <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/des-jardins-resilients-en-haut-de-la-friche-20240830_WDK3VBWBLRG4NKM2NKCL2EODXY/\" target=\"_blank\">son avant-gardisme écolo</a>. D’inspiration classique, structuré par une ossature de haies de buis ou de charme pour le protéger du vent, il concilie tenue et exubérance, discipline et spontanéité, raison et folie, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/au-pied-du-cimetiere-parisien-du-pere-lachaise-un-jardin-tres-nature-pour-son-age-20230808_JTZKUCQBEBA3ZIJR7OZTLD4QGE/\">tout en laissant libre cours à la nature</a> dans des massifs de plantes vivaces et autres graminées indigènes (succise et sauge des prés, bétoine, rhinanthe) qui croissent ou fleurissent au fil des saisons. <i>«On ne l’a pas conçu en fonction du goût du public : on a d’abord voulu se faire plaisir, c’est un moyen d’expression,</i> fait remarquer, lui, Patrick Quibel. <i>On a fait de la prairie un élément central. C’est un poumon qui permet d’accueillir toute cette petite faune.»</i>"},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Arhur Gau","address":{"locality":"Paris","country_name":"FRA"},"auth":{"1":"9b330f633c1ae72cde3b5dc67049ca68c85447ffcc891932ec78b5c5316fdda4"},"caption":"Le Jardin Plume, qui a été labellisé «jardin remarquable», s'étend sur 3,2 hectares.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","focal_point":{"x":2604,"y":2145},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/liberation/RTGAZAWNJZA2TMTBOIKNJG7ADY.jpeg","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Libération ","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Arthur Gau","type":"author","byline":"Arthur Gau"}]},"subtitle":"PRODLIBE 2024-1016 Jardin Plume 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cet éden normand, les paysagistes, natifs du coin, modèrent leur intervention, comme ils l’expliquent lors d’un tour du propriétaire, dans une allée bordée de miscanthus. Certes, avec l’aide de leur jardinier Sébastien Damiens, il leur faut bien tondre la pelouse du verger, tailler à la cisaille les topiaires – traitées de manière biologique au printemps avec du bacille de Thuringe pour venir <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/07/14/contre-la-pyrale-du-buis-l-arsenal-de-lutte-biologique-s-enrichit_1739735/\">à bout de la pyrale</a> –, faucher la prairie une fois l’an en octobre, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/ne-ramassez-plus-vos-feuilles-mortes-elles-sont-lassurance-vie-de-la-nature-20231019_6NMAI5LSWRC6BFHHRQO5QCK2NQ/\">couvrir les sols de feuilles mortes</a> pour garder la fraîcheur l’été, semer et resemer de nouvelles variétés, retirer les fleurs fanées chaque matin, etc. Mais le trio n’a recours à aucun intrant chimique, laisse les végétaux donner leurs directives et désherbe à la main avec parcimonie. En fin de compte se laisse surprendre par les conséquences inattendues du hasard."},{"level":2,"_id":"FO3UODSYMZBVBMOZFXGR7KJ7QE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1722335057667},"type":"header","content":"Constante adaptation"},{"_id":"YABS6XTW6VCJZGZAH66HW36HBQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1722335057668},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Cette année par exemple, les alchémilles</i> [plante herbacée à fleur jaune, ndlr<i>] qu’on a plantées ont commencé à pousser entre les pavés. Mais on a choisi de ne pas désherber, les visiteurs les piétinent et c’est mieux au niveau visuel</i>, appuie Sylvie Quibel. <i>En fait, on rééquilibre en permanence, c’est un dosage entre le laisser-faire et la technique, un jeu subtil avec la nature.»</i> Ce dialogue savant, aussi bien nourri par les écrits du paysagiste belge René Pechère et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/cinema/2008/03/26/jarman-en-son-jardin_68170/\">du cinéaste-jardinier britannique Derek Jarman</a>, que les théories de la vague Hollandaise des années 70 (Henk Gerritsen, notamment), repose par ailleurs sur une constante adaptation, qui permet au jardin <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/sur-les-collines-de-grasse-un-jardin-qui-respire-la-mediterranee-20230811_QKSTG5RESVGWLCTWAMXGKBH5BM/\">de résister aux aléas climatiques</a>. <i>«On a eu deux étés très secs. J’étais jusqu’à peu interrogative : fallait-il aller vers des plantations plus méditerranéennes ?»</i>, avance la conceptrice du Jardin Plume, pleinement consciente du <i>«problème écologique»</i>."},{"copyright":"Arhur Gau","syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"7d7bbcfeacb79bcc0b6560c7c0486ebe93f3f45a728b4c105ad272af54fc4772"},"caption":"Le jardin de fleurs du Jardin Plume, le 18 juillet.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","geo":{},"licensable":false,"credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Libération ","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Arthur Gau","type":"author","byline":"Arthur Gau"}]},"creditIPTC":"Libération ","country_name":"France","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/m66a0AjfoDnj5f1DmOSm5eIKrQ0=/arc-photo-liberation/eu-central-1-prod/public/2YOQVLTVBFARZDE3HAKNIQPP6Y.jpeg","owner":"a.zuffi@liberation.fr","iptc_source":"LIBERATION 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d’abonder : <i>«Cette année, il a beaucoup plu, on ne sait pas ce que nous réserve l’avenir, sûrement une alternance d’étés très chauds ou pluvieux. Notre réponse, pour faire en sorte que le jardin fonctionne et dure dans le temps, c’est la diversification végétale. Avec des plantes qui aiment le sec et d’autres qui préfèrent l’humidité.»</i> Cette richesse s’incarne par exemple par le foisonnement coloré de vivaces, annuelles et bisannuelles, qui occupent à leur rythme «le jardin de fleurs» dans les alignements d’un ancien potager. Soit à la mi-juillet, une assemblée chamarrée de dahlias, pois de senteur, cosmos, coquelicots, lavandes, carottes sauvages, etc. Des variétés indénombrables, pour certaines hybridées par la paire afin d’alimenter la pépinière et le jardin en retour dans un jeu de <i>«vase communicant».</i> L’équilibre, encore et toujours."},{"_id":"ID7DISNOLZDWJEHOYDH3Y3ACXM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1722335057671},"type":"text","content":"(1) <i>le Jardin plume</i>, de Sylvie et Patrick Quibel, Joëlle et Gilles LeScan-Meyer, éd. Ulmer, 32 euros."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Imaginé par Patrick et Sylvie Quibel il y a près de trente ans dans la campagne rouennaise, le Jardin plume fait la démonstration qu’en faisant la part belle au naturel et à la biodiversité, il est possible de résister aux aléas climatiques."},"description":{"basic":"Imaginé par Patrick et Sylvie Quibel il y a trente ans dans la campagne rouennaise, le Jardin plume fait la démonstration qu’en faisant la part belle au naturel et à la biodiversité, il est possible de résister aux aléas climatiques."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de 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<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/2007/09/21/tabou-tabouret_102223/\" target=\"_blank\">tabouret</a> en plastique, que l’on frappait de nos petits mains d’enfant, on l’a toujours vu trôner en totem dans la salle de bain parentale. Au moins depuis 1993, après un razzia chez Midica, grande enseigne de décoration du centre ville de Toulouse. C’était bien avant de se rendre compte que <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/guide/2003/02/07/le-tam-tam-refait-du-ramdam_430143/\" target=\"_blank\">le Tam Tam n’avait rien d’unique</a>, décliné sous toutes les couleurs de l’arc-en-ciel. Ultraléger, démontable et vendu à un prix fort modeste (d’abord une dizaine de francs, entre 20 et 30 euros de nos jours), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/apres-la-fast-fashion-haro-sur-la-fast-deco-20240514_JR2D6RNPBBBT7OYEQGE4AB7BP4/\" target=\"_blank\">ce siège en polypropylène d’appoint</a> n’a pas conquis les foyers français par un quelconque hasard. Et quand on parle de conquête, c’est bien en millions d’exemplaires écoulés – 12 millions les cinq premières années de sa commercialisation, 200 000 unités rien qu’en 2019 – qu’il faut compter."},{"_id":"BCAPBNDMMFCYZNSYXJB24TQYGE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723045175449},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ce qui est fou dans ce meuble intelligent, c’est son succès : il est tellement caractéristique d’une époque qu’il a été copié et imité»,</i> appuie Joris Thomas, référent des collections design du Musée d’art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Etienne. C’est à Henry Massonnet qu’on doit le dessin de cette assise en forme de tulipe ou de sablier – c’est selon le regard qu’on lui porte – en 1968. Vingt ans plus tôt, cet entrepreneur de l’Ain a repris l’affaire familiale de fabrication de peignes Stamp, installée à Nurieux <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2004/03/31/la-plastics-vallee-fond-a-vue-d-oeil_474405/\">dans ce qui va devenir la «Plastics Vallée»</a>. Or l’inventeur, longtemps resté dans l’ombre de sa création bien qu’il fût aussi maire de la commune, met au point un nouveau procédé de moulage du plastique, permettant de créer des pièces d’un bloc."},{"level":2,"_id":"E7NJDMOC35F4NAUW4TIJFWDMJ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723045175450},"type":"header","content":"Icône pop(u)"},{"_id":"4ORZRMLUGJDW7BQCO55ZS57B3E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723045175451},"type":"text","content":"Le Tam Tam sort d’ailleurs du moule n°169 dont le numéro inscrit à l’intérieur du pied assure l’authenticité. Un an plus tard, ce tabouret imaginé pour les pêcheurs, qui constituent l’essentiel de la clientèle de Stamps, apparaît également aux côtés <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/cinema/2012/01/14/brigitte-bardot-l-emprise-et-le-mepris_788246/\" target=\"_blank\">de Brigitte Bardot</a>, dans son salon de la Madrague, dans une photographie publiée dans le magazine <i>Ici Paris.</i> Un coup de pub inattendu pour cet objet, simple et efficace, de l’aveu même de son créateur. <i>«Sa forme organique ronde a déjà une grande popularité depuis les années 50,</i> rappelle Etienne Tornier, responsable des collections modernes et contemporaines du <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/pouvoir-adopter-un-siege-de-starck-ou-des-freres-bouroullec-a-bordeaux-cest-chaise-faite-20230707_TNEQFDVLYRETLBO3T4HR3XSPY4/\" target=\"_blank\">Musée des arts décoratifs et du design de Bordeaux</a>. <i>Il devient l’objet populaire par excellence. Je vois encore ma grand-mère téléphoner dessus pendant des heures.»</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"FKBKGDHWXZEQVG42RTZFOEAD4I","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"DVQ2FMCEUFC27LV6UOI2VAPK4Q"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"OFGA6ID6AVE7HHUEX3FNBXMRMU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"M24DFF6L2RCNLIDS7V4DJS5IDU","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Odile Mir, designeuse symbole des années Prisunic «qui a toujours tout fait à l’intuition»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/odile-mir-designeuse-symbole-des-annees-prisunic-qui-a-toujours-tout-fait-a-lintuition-20240225_UVHCIXPOYNESPFM4HA2J4WXXDQ/"}]},{"_id":"WZD3LHXNVZHY5JRGVV5ETD2FIQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1723045175453},"type":"text","content":"A l’époque, il a aussi les honneurs du Musée d’art moderne de New York. Mais le choc pétrolier de 1973 porte un sérieux coup à la plasturgie. La production est arrêtée au début des années 80. Le Tam Tam tombe alors dans un oubli relatif. La renaissance de ce meuble au design popu intervient au tournant du XXIe siècle. Le magasin <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/habitat-sessaye-au-commerce-en-ligne-cinq-mois-apres-sa-liquidation-judiciaire-20240423_D6HBUNBQSVHAHGTSFYKH4FPRPA/\" target=\"_blank\">Habitat</a> en relance par exemple l’édition dans trois couleurs (rouge, blanc et noir) et, surtout, l’éditeur-chineur Sacha Cohen, de Branex design, qui en détient depuis les droits, s’active pour relancer sa fabrication en France au sein de l’usine originelle. Son apparition dans des expositions et autres salons parachève cette résurrection, misant sur la nostalgie, dans de nouveaux coloris fluos ou avec des imprimés. On le retrouve enfin dans les collections publiques des musées français comme fleuron du design pop des<i> sixties.</i> Et, bien entendu, <i>made in France.</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Vendus à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires depuis leur conception, ces objets sont devenus les marqueurs d’une époque ou des icônes révolutionnaires du design. Dans le premier épisode, une assise en plastique en forme de tulipe qui a conquis les foyers français dès les années 70. "},"description":{"basic":"Vendus à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires depuis leur conception, ces objets sont devenus les marqueurs d’une époque ou des icônes révolutionnaires du design. 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y voit que du feu. Pourtant, les tiges de coquelicots sous nos yeux n’ont pas été cueillies à la main en plein champ. <i>«On fait deux variétés, une de 90 grammes et une autre de 60. On adapte le papier à la fleur qu’on veut faire. Il y a un peu de recherche : c’est réaliste mais ce n’est pas botanique»</i>, commente Laura Levasseur, gérante de l’atelier Haïlane, rue Léon Frot dans le XIe arrondissement de Paris. Dans sa boutique, ouverte il y a presque deux ans, cette ancienne contrôleuse de gestion, 34 ans, reconvertie dans la création florale avant la pandémie, est affairée en raison d’un <i>«flot de commandes»</i> pour des mariages."},{"_id":"4AY5PRZVEJBD7CCMCOEG7VRAFI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734638},"type":"text","content":"Laura Levasseur ne vend aucune pivoine ou rose fraîches. Seulement <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/dites-le-avec-des-fleurs-sechees-20210703_3CWJVYTBMBDX5LQD6MGSQNRCVA/#:~:text=Sa%20conviction%20%3A%20la%20fleur%20s%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e,ou%20bomb%C3%A9es%20avec%20des%20a%C3%A9rosols\">des bouquets et autres objets (bijoux, couronnes, éléments de décoration, etc.) en fleurs séchées</a> ou en crépon italien, un poil plus onéreux – comptez minimum 18 euros la tige. <i>«Le plus important, c’est la forme de la fleur. Mais je prends des libertés, je ne fais pas en sorte que les tiges soient les mêmes que dans la réalité,</i> poursuit la créatrice, qui a aussi collaboré pour la déco de sorties de collection de Dior, Chanel ou pour des <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/serviettes-matelas-ou-pianos-les-hotels-de-luxe-ces-lieux-de-hauts-vols-20231128_VVDL26DMMNAVXEBJNVNGVBBYJI/\">hôtels de luxe</a> du groupe Accor. <i>J’aime travailler le mouvement, moins les estompés de couleur. Je les trouve plus graphiques.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"3RCBZ5NBJFECDB66XICP52537Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734639},"type":"header","content":"«Une alternative plus émotive»"},{"_id":"ITITXJ7VBJGDHB2RQR6NEPW3HQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721751065501},"type":"text","content":"Mais pourquoi fabriquer des pavots, iris et autres dahlias de papier plutôt que de composer des bouquets à partir de tiges cultivées en France ? La désormais<i> </i>«paper florist»<i> </i>– fleuriste de papier, en français –, qui a d’abord commencé par intégrer pour leur légèreté des fleurs en papier dans des couronnes de mariée <a href=\"https://connexion.liberation.fr/autorefresh?referer=https%3a%2f%2fwww.liberation.fr%2flifestyle%2fmode%2fau-palais-galliera-frida-kahlo-et-ses-objets-retrouves-20220917_VJYNB5NEFFGGVE7VSM26WEWOG4%2f\">«à la Frida Kahlo»</a>, revendique avant tout une démarche <i>«écoresponsable». «</i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/provenance-des-fleurs-coupees-attention-lorigine-ne-dit-pas-tout-20221006_GQH5IKP5FNHHFNFNLLEQ242INA/\"><i>La provenance</i></a><i> des fleurs fraîches, y compris pour les fleurs séchées, est problématique. Celles </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/fleurs-en-plastique-simili-in-paris-20221102_ZTMS6A6OIZBC3HPYP7WCBJTQ4A/\"><i>en plastique sont souvent fabriquées en Chine</i></a><i> et perdent des microparticules</i>, défend-elle. <i>Nous, tout est fait à la main et le papier </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/forets-tropicales-exploitation-du-bois-peut-il-rimer-avec-protection-de-la-biodiversite-20240410_KMUW6ZXZJBD7ZJLWKZDSOJIR7Y/\"><i>est labellisé FSC</i></a><i> [garantissant la gestion durable des forêts, malgré certaines critiques ndlr].»</i>"},{"_id":"D3Z77NEDTVEPBB2K6HOG22OEJE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721746617526},"type":"text","content":"La confection de fleurs en papier n’a rien de nouveau. Au Vietnam, dans le village de Thanh Tiên, près de Hué, on en fabrique pour la fête du Têt depuis au moins trois siècles. Tandis qu’en Belgique, leur vente estivale sur les plages depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale a été inscrite il y a peu au patrimoine immatériel flamand. Les traditions locales et séculaires de production artisanale de variétés en papier, en particulier pour des festivités, sont nombreuses. Mais leurs formes sont plutôt grossières et ne cherchent pas à épouser une réalité naturaliste stricte. Le renouveau contemporain, hyperréaliste, vient lui des Etats-Unis depuis une quinzaine d’années."},{"_id":"RG5ULVYYAVDJBITFADD3C63FLY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734641},"type":"text","content":"Les artistes américaines, à l’instar de Livia Cetti ou Tiffanie Turner, exposées ou prisées des décorateurs, inspirent désormais une poignée de créatrices hexagonales. <i>«Au XVIIIe et au XIXe siècle, la fleur en papier servait à orner des robes ou des chapeaux ; aujourd’hui, c’est une question d’écologie», </i>avance pour sa part Laura Flavigny, paper florist (Miluccia) et autrice du guide <i>Jardin poétique de papier </i>(éd. de Saxe). Installée à Bordeaux, cette ancienne cadre dans la grande distribution, 35 ans, s’est spécialisée dans les décorations florales en papier de noces. Comptez 150 euros minimum pour un bouquet de mariée, 50 euros pour celui des témoins et 20 euros par boutonnière. <i>«J’offre une alternative plus émotive aux fleurs fraîches»</i>, assure l’artisan, qui fait de la nature sa muse."},{"level":2,"_id":"RJDMFQHLTFEERIINVVBK7GTRLE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721751065504},"type":"header","content":"«Ça garde sa splendeur plusieurs années»"},{"_id":"5PYDHLWG75BOTCEGCUKRPUMYMY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734642},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Les mariés viennent vers moi car ils sont sensibles à l’artisanat, c’est au cœur </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/consommation/comment-dire-oui-au-mariage-ecolo-20240323_2UCX5XFN7BGRTNKIX3SQGHHFAA/#:~:text=Diminuer%20l'empreinte%20carbone,de%20diminuer%20leur%20empreinte%20carbone.\"><i>de leur démarche de consommation</i></a>, insiste Laura Flavigny. <i>Et puis, ils peuvent garder leur bouquet de mariés toute leur vie, c’est l’objet de leur mariage et le réceptacle de leurs émotions.» «C’est aussi une manière différente d’offrir des fleurs coupées»</i>, plaide Nathalie Kovacs, de Jolie Petite Fleur. Depuis son atelier de Montrouge (Hauts-de-Seine), cette ancienne chargée de communication financière, 39 ans, vante la durabilité de ses tiges de pivoines, cosmos ou narcisses, dont l’espérance de vie se compte en années, voire en décennies, à condition d’un peu d’entretien. Il suffit par exemple de passer de temps en temps un coup de sèche-cheveux en mode froid pour éviter l’incrustation de poussière."},{"_id":"IHMXBEHXO5HBDNQPUZXKSDJBOQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734643},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ça efface l’image un peu démodée des fausses fleurs ou des fleurs d’illusions, en tissu ou en plastique. Ce sont des trompe-l’œil et les clients voient leur aspect poétique»</i>, loue la créatrice qui anime aussi des ateliers et commercialise <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/2017/12/21/do-it-yourself-titrez-vous-memes_1618307/\">des kits do-it-yourself</a>. Parmi ses best-sellers : la tige de coquelicot, vendue à 12 euros l’unité, une fleur <i>«parmi les plus éphémères»</i> dans la nature. Et d’appuyer : <i>«Les fleurs coupées, ça ne dure pas longtemps et ça coûte cher. Mon mari m’offrait des fleurs séchées sauf que ça ternit et prend la poussière. A l’inverse, les fleurs de papier ça garde sa splendeur plusieurs années, ça égaye un intérieur ou un événement, même si ça ne remplacera jamais le parfum des fleurs fraîches.»</i>"},{"_id":"B6D3JB7PUBHKTGMRRVG7GFULS4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1721745734644},"type":"text","content":"La mode des fleurs séchées passée, cette alternative séduit de plus en plus l’événementiel, les magasins et l’hôtellerie-restauration pour décorer de manière «<i>durable». «Ça commence à bouger, mais le client n’est pas toujours prêt à mettre le prix»</i>, observe Laura Tessier, 31 ans, autre paper florist artisanale (Maison Tessier), domiciliée à La Rochelle. Pour se démarquer, la créatrice fabrique des bijoux (boucles d’oreilles, broches, barrettes) dans lesquels elle insère des petites fleurs en crépon. Elle commercialise en ligne ou en dépôt dans des boutiques. Et de se réjouir : <i>«Cela</i><i><b> </b></i><i>fait plaisir que notre artisanat soit reconnu.»</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Plus durables que les fleurs fraîches ou en plastique, les végétaux en papier crépon sont mises au goût du jour par des créatrices. Une alternative écolo qui séduit aussi bien l’événementiel que les particuliers."},"description":{"basic":"Plus durables que les fleurs fraîches ou en plastique, les végétaux en papier crépon sont mises au goût du jour par des créatrices. Une alternative écolo qui séduit aussi bien l’événementiel que les particuliers."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/design","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/lifestyle","default":"/lifestyle","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/lifestyle","amp-menu":"/lifestyle","headernav":"/lifestyle"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","site_title":"Design - 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panier en rotin et sur pied pour une soixantaine d’euros, un tunnel de jeu en polyester pliable pour un peu plus de 5 euros ou encore une planche à griffer pour un billet de 20. Voici le genre d’objets, accessibles à tous les types de bourses, que l’on peut découvrir dans <a href=\"https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/files/pdf/bb/38/bb381104/ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf\">le tout nouveau Cat-alogue</a> d’Ikea. Lancée au printemps au Royaume-Uni, à l’instar du Dog-alogue pour les chiens, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/12/09/numerisation-ikea-remballe-son-catalogue-papier_1808034/\">cette brochure numérique</a> dédiée aux félidés est la première du genre. Elle fait, en réalité, la promotion de la toute nouvelle gamme de meubles «design» et accessoires pour animaux de compagnie commercialisée (pour l’instant) outre-Manche et outre-Atlantique <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/tags/ikea/?redirected=1\">par le géant suédois de l’ameublement</a>. Nommée Utsådd, cette collection de 29 produits – des coussins colorés, des gamelles en grès (s’il vous plaît), des jouets à mâcher ou des plaids – a été pensée, avec l’aide de vétérinaires ou des experts des produits pour animaux, pour satisfaire les besoins quotidiens de nos compagnons poilus. Soit <i>«manger, dormir, jouer et se cacher»</i>."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"KQJYXSLI4VCJ3FLZ4BCXVZFFLY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"PFRNVU3Y3VEX7I3BCA54I6IU7Q"},"title":"Billet","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"ESUX4OFT3NGFPHGJ6DIEO56OFE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"JGUS72IQZZGCRAYX7KT5MEJC3I","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Des jets privés pour chien ? 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si vous pouviez rehausser vos plats, sans sel, d’un coup de cuillère magique ? C’est en tout cas la promesse formulée par Kirin. Le groupe japonais, leader du marché des bières nippones, s’est lancé dans la commercialisation d’une cuillère high-tech, rapporte le média <a href=\"https://korii.slate.fr/tech/chercheurs-japon-invention-cuillere-electrocute-langue-gout-aliments-sel-exhausteur-electric-salt-spoon-kirin-homei-miyashita\" target=\"_blank\">korii</a><i>.</i> Grâce au courant électrique qu’elle diffuse, elle rehausse le goût salé et l’«umami» des aliments ayant une faible teneur en sodium. Et ce, sans sel additionnel. En concentrant les molécules d’ions sodium sur la langue, la perception culinaire est modifiée, avec un ressenti salé <i>«1,5 fois environ»</i> supérieur, précise un <a href=\"https://www.kirinholdings.com/en/newsroom/release/2024/0520_01.html\" target=\"_blank\">communiqué</a> publié le 20 mai. L’objet avait déjà tapé dans l’œil <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/sciences/des-toilettes-intelligentes-et-des-geologues-qui-lechent-des-cailloux-a-lhonneur-des-prix-ig-nobel-20230915_ZPZ5GMLNM5GV7OQ7GCBTYRZZPU/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">des prix Ig Nobel</a>, ces anti-prix Nobel qui félicitent les recherches les plus loufoques."},{"_id":"MLHXLGYRORFARNY6RBOXCB6JEE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1717001987045},"type":"text","content":"200 unités ont été mises en ligne pour commencer. Dans les cinq ans, la firme espère convaincre 5 millions de consommateurs, rapporte <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/kirins-electric-spoon-leaps-ig-noble-infamy-dinner-table-2024-05-20/\" target=\"_blank\">Reuters</a>. Né d’une innovation pensée avec les labos de l’Université tokyoïte de Meiji présentée en 2022, cet ustensile en plastique et métal permettrait de baisser de 30% le niveau de sel des plats, détaille <a href=\"https://www.kirinholdings.com/en/newsroom/release/2022/0411_01.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kirin</a>."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"WE6R6HW7CFH4BA5BADGD62CG2A","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"YUEHRS7ZKNEAXDUA6E2XL5D3KU"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"FXIDXTWBVRAL3LBBPJMIBDSBWY","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"J7IJEUMISRFKJAR5AWFUP4RYBY","type":"interstitial_link","content":"L’hypertension artérielle, un fléau français sous-estimé","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/04/23/l-hypertension-arterielle-un-fleau-francais-sous-estime_1645402/"}]},{"_id":"TZQUT4ZAONFCLP6BKJ4XH35P2Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1717055125891},"type":"text","content":"Outre son prix – 19 800 yens, 117 euros tout de même –, le produit n’est pas accessible à tout le monde. Il ne peut être utilisé par des mineurs ou des personnes ayant un stimulateur cardiaque ou tout autre appareil électrique médical. Il faut aussi un bon coup de fourchette : l’objet mesure 25 cm de longueur, 2,8 cm de largeur et 2,5 cm de profondeur, pour 60 grammes."},{"_id":"P2ZXPWK2JVEB5HSEXQ564LJGAY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1717001987047},"type":"text","content":"Le produit paraît anecdotique, le sujet l’est beaucoup moins. Les adultes ne devraient pas consommer plus de 5 grammes de sel par jour, recommande l’<a href=\"https://www.who.int/europe/fr/news/item/14-03-2022-5-recommendations-to-reduce-salt-intake-to-live-longer-and-healthier-lives#:~:text=L'OMS%20recommande%20aux%20adultes,au%2Ddel%C3%A0%20de%20cette%20recommandation.\" target=\"_blank\">Organisation mondiale de la Santé</a>. Pour les enfants, moins de 2. Les Européens en sont loin, avec 8 à 19 g en moyenne consommés chaque jour, 10,1 g pour le Japon. L’enjeu sanitaire est pourtant important. La causalité entre apport élevé en sodium et hypertension artérielle, elle-même facteur de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire et d’AVC, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/04/23/l-hypertension-arterielle-un-fleau-francais-sous-estime_1645402/\" target=\"_blank\">est largement référencée</a>. La consommation élevée de sel affecte aussi la natalité. <i>«On estime qu’une réduction de la consommation de sel, ne serait-ce que de 15%, permettrait d’éviter 8,5 millions de décès prématurés en dix ans dans les pays à revenus faible et intermédiaire, et pourrait permettre de réaliser des économies dans les pays à revenu élevé»</i>, rapporte l’OMS."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Fruit d’un projet entre l’Université de Meiji et la brasserie Kirin, cet ustensile donne des petits coups de jus pour rehausser le goût des aliments. 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Pourtant, c’est le cœur de la cuisine, où l’on conserve au frais ce qui fait le sel du quotidien : la bonne pitance. C’est d’ailleurs pour cela que de plus en de Français, quand ils ne peuvent pas s’acheter un modèle ultralooké, cherchent à le customiser ou l’encastrer. 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Son projet a été lauréat début mai du concours Design l’Expo, organisé par l’école privée nantaise, parmi une vingtaine d’autres. Il puise <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/terre/2020/06/01/la-low-tech-ou-remettre-la-technologie-au-services-des-gens_1789412/\">dans les «low tech»</a>. Entendez par là <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/design-low-tech-la-question-centrale-cetait-de-montrer-que-ce-nest-pas-de-la-bidouille-20221014_OQZETFTNQVB3PN5YI4AGO5JNWA/fin-de-vie/\">des technologies qui font un usage économe ou sobre des ressources</a>. <i>«Je me suis demandé comment faire en sorte que la conservation alimentaire puisse s’inscrire dans une optique de consommation durable, </i>poursuit le créateur. <i>Donc je suis allé voir comment on faisait pour conserver avant.»</i> Il s’est ainsi inspiré des zeer pots ou «frigos du désert», dont on trouvait déjà des traces d’utilisation en Afrique du nord il y a plusieurs millénaires."},{"_id":"GI5TSVGLGRCSPH73XCL62MX4YE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715789507770},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ce sont deux pots en terre cuite empilés. Le plus grand contient du sable humide et par transfert calorifique, l’humidité s’évapore. Cela divise de moitié la température entre l’extérieur et l’intérieur du compartiment et donne une bonne hygrométrie pour conserver des aliments», </i>détaille Matéo Robin. Pour esquisser son frigo low tech moderne, l’étudiant alors en fin d’études a par ailleurs réfléchi aux (més)usages de cet appareil électroménager. <i>«L’absence de signalétique pour organiser les denrées dans le réfrigérateur pousse à tout mettre dedans ce qui crée du gâchis et </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/1995/10/05/les-mysteres-glaces-du-frigo-pres-d-un-utilisateur-sur-deux-ne-sait-pas-comment-conserver-les-produi_147835/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>une mauvaise utilisation</i></a><i>. Certains produits doivent être conservés en haut, d’autres en bas, on oublie très vite ce qui est écrit dans la petite notice d’usage», </i>explique le designer."},{"level":2,"_id":"SRCDLXDRRVEYLKXCOXOISIQEOE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715863906930},"type":"header","content":"«Moins de déperdition d’énergie»"},{"_id":"LQF4J4FBGJGMZA35EITPRE2I5Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715789507771},"type":"text","content":"D’où l’idée de segmenter son meuble en différents blocs de conservation adapté à chaque typologie d’aliments : un compartiment réfrigéré de manière électrique, mais beaucoup plus petit qu’un frigo classique pour la viande, le poisson, les produits laitiers, et les restes, un compartiment en terre cuite pour les fruits et légumes qui ne produisent pas d’éthylène (un gaz relâché pendant le processus de maturation) comme les brocolis, un autre avec du verre rainuré pour ceux qui en produisent (bananes, pommes, avocats, etc.), encore un autre en rotin pour les tubercules qui laissent passer l’air et enfin un petit bloc de congélation."},{"_id":"VSIGEQ6I7JHNTPHNUXE76XBDCI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715789507772},"type":"text","content":"Sans oublier un espace pour la machinerie beaucoup moins imposante. <i>«La moitié du meuble utilise de l’électricité. Le reste se fait de manière passive. Et puis, les compartiments frigorifiques sont isolés par des alvéoles sous vide. Donc il y a beaucoup moins de déperdition d’énergie et c’est plus simple à recycler», </i>assure encore Matéo Robin. A l’état d’esquisse, le concept pourrait-il intéresser des fabricants ? 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incitant à la surconsommation de vêtements de piètre qualité et peu chers, la mode instantanée a des conséquences néfastes pour l’environnement. Sans oublier les conditions de travail, dont de nombreuses violations des droits humains, dans les usines où ces marchandises textiles sont produites à très bas coût à l’autre bout du monde."}],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594576},"type":"text","content":"La fast fashion, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/fast-fashion-comment-lui-tailler-un-costard-20240312_DAGPIPST5BFETFV6RJNOQ7TRGE/\">voire l’ultra-fast fashion</a>, fait depuis quelques années l’unanimité contre elle. Malgré son succès, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/fast-fashion-victimes-pour-moi-la-mode-cetait-leldorado-20240319_I6B6JT5BEJGRXAVZ2L3U2IYKWQ/\">notamment auprès des jeunes</a>. Mais connaissez-vous son pendant pour l’ameublement et la décoration, la «fast déco» ?"},{"_id":"3V5XBNUNBBB7BLLBO32LWSCCHU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594577},"type":"text","content":"Ce <i>«modèle» </i>d’hyperconsommation (et donc de surproduction), similaire en tout point à celui de la fast fashion, fait l’objet d’<a href=\"https://www.zerowastefrance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/rapport-meubles-fast-deco-zwf-rnrr-at-13052024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">un rapport</a> publié mardi 14 mai par trois ONG françaises – Zero Waste France, le Réseau national des ressourceries et recycleries ainsi que les Amis de la Terre. Le document synthétique est riche d’enseignements sur un marché de l’ameublement et de la décoration d’intérieur en plein essor. <i>«Avec ce rapport, on voulait définir ce qu’est la fast déco, </i>explicite Pauline Debrabandere, coordinatrice de campagnes pour l’association Zero Waste France. <i>La notion est apparue ces dernières années dans la presse, mais elle n’a pas de définition précise. Or, on constate l’explosion de la mise en marché des éléments d’ameublements </i>[meubles en tout genre et décorations textiles, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/le-tufting-depoussiere-le-tapis-20230121_LGMNVWE2UZGL7K3UEYY537GRJY/\">à l’instar des tapis</a>, ndlr] <i>en France. On voulait donc aller plus loin et en faire l’état des lieux.»</i>"},{"_id":"5YPIDR2RU5GS7OCEAJSCWFUI4I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594578},"type":"text","content":"Les chiffres du seul marché hexagonal ont de quoi donner le tournis : rien qu’en cinq ans, le nombre d’éléments d’ameublement (et en particulier d’appoint, comme les tables basses et portemanteaux) mis sur le marché a bondi de 88 %, passant d’un peu plus de 269 millions d’unités en 2017 à 505 millions en 2022, avec un pic à 547 millions en pleine crise sanitaire. Résultats : le marché toise désormais les 15 milliards d’euros en valeur estimée, montant auquel il faut rajouter les quasi 13 milliards de la seule décoration (bougies, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/le-plaid-doux-doudou-deco-20230103_V3GI6VHXHVG3JHJT3MBWSTLXNI/\">plaids</a>, bibelots ou coussins), dont les ventes d’articles sont elles aussi en forte progression. <i>«S’agissant plus spécifiquement de la décoration, 46 % des acheteur·ses de produits de décoration renouvellent au moins une fois par an des éléments de leur pièce à vivre, </i>pointe à ce propos l’exposé des ONG. <i>Plus de la moitié des Français·es en achètent plusieurs fois par an, et plus de 10 % tous les mois.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"TROYT5YAQJE55MRBCEYNGWANYI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594579},"type":"header","content":"Inonder le marché"},{"_id":"AYHTZQWBRZAVBGPWEYKUBZGMXQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715683657137},"type":"text","content":"Cette explosion des ventes n’est pas liée à l’intervention du Saint-Esprit. Depuis dix ans, décrit encore le rapport, elle est la conséquence de l’évolution du marché, devenu très concurrentiel. Aux enseignes spécialisées, pour certaines en pleine restructuration (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/habitat-sessaye-au-commerce-en-ligne-cinq-mois-apres-sa-liquidation-judiciaire-20240423_D6HBUNBQSVHAHGTSFYKH4FPRPA/\">Habitat</a>, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/maisons-du-monde-va-fermer-ou-transferer-une-cinquantaine-de-ses-magasins-20240312_NJSQCGMXZ5GMVLNNZV2LWTKINI/\">Maisons du monde</a>), s’ajoutent les géants de la grande distribution de l’ameublement, tels Ikea ou But, des grandes surfaces alimentaires avec leurs rayons dédiés, les enseignes de bazar et de déstockage (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/hard-discount-chez-action-faire-des-courses-ce-nest-pas-lobjectif-principal-20231103_BR7326MD7VHRZEJGAVHZEQICKQ/\">Action</a>, Gifi…), des enseignes de fast fashion qui se sont diversifiées (Zara, H & M…), des géants du e-commerce et désormais de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/hightech/le-creneau-de-temu-cest-de-vendre-beaucoup-et-beaucoup-20231124_ND2VXYYAXFGTNGVR3QLF7QGQ4U/?redirected=1\">l’ultra-fast fashion <i>designed and made in China</i></a> (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/politique/droit-du-travail-environnement-toxicite-tout-ce-quon-peut-reprocher-au-textile-est-amplifie-avec-shein-20231114_BBTXMH72AJCBTNPVS4WU2I5SIM/\">Shein</a>, Temu…)."},{"_id":"KCL6N46KGVB6PNYCX6GH5JUNDY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594580},"type":"text","content":"Ces nouveaux acteurs, dont Ikea a été un précurseur dès les années 80, appliquent les mêmes pratiques que la mode instantanée pour inonder le marché avec toujours plus de références (des milliers) aux prix les plus bas. Ce qui suppose d’abord de réduire les coûts de production en délocalisant, principalement en Asie du Sud-Est. Mais pas seulement : cela passe aussi par un renouvellement rapide des collections, au rythme des saisons et des fêtes (la Saint-Valentin, Pâques, Halloween, Noël…), fonds de commerce des enseignes de déco danoise Søstrene Grene et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/2015/06/09/hema-vous-avez-dit-bazar_1326291/\">néerlandaise Hema</a>. Sans oublier les pratiques commerciales pousse-conso, parfois trompeuses et basées sur le jeu – <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/medias/2012/01/16/gamification-generale_788546/\">la fameuse «gamification»</a>. Elles sont aussi bien déployées sur les réseaux sociaux, sur les sites de vente ou en magasin, avec un parcours obligatoire dédié, concept développé par Ikea."},{"level":2,"_id":"REOFUKW5XZBYZGGX4VGVQF664Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715683657139},"type":"header","content":"Bonus-malus"},{"_id":"I3JWLZGDIJAYXJUGM2OGOFYB4I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":403,"comment":", des pays de production, de la santé humaine et de la transparence"}],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594581},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Les acteurs les plus récents comme Action, Shein ou Temu, jouent avec des mécanismes marketings d’obsolescence émotionnelle pour qu’on achète le plus tout de suite», </i>complète Pauline Debrabandere. Ce modèle de «fast furniture» (pour les seuls meubles), et plus généralement de «fast déco», s’est bien évidemment construit sur le dos de la planète et des travailleurs pauvres ou forcés, comme le Bélarus. <i>«Pour l’Agence de la transition énergétique, la phase de production de ces éléments d’ameublement, c’est entre 50 et 80 % de l’impact environnemental de chaque meuble, </i>ajoute la coordinatrice du rapport. <i>Or 61 % des éléments d’ameublement sont en bois. Cela a des conséquences importantes sur cette ressource. Ikea, par exemple, c’est un arbre coupé toutes les deux secondes. Certes ils communiquent </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/cahier-special/2002/08/26/le-kit-moral-d-ikea_413557/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>sur des pratiques vertueuses</i></a><i>, mais </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/forets-tropicales-exploitation-du-bois-peut-il-rimer-avec-protection-de-la-biodiversite-20240410_KMUW6ZXZJBD7ZJLWKZDSOJIR7Y/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>le label FSC est critiqué</i></a><i>.»</i>"},{"_id":"AYKN74XFHNC63C7DDLI4UVTH7I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594582},"type":"text","content":"Le tout pour faire des objets dont la qualité, depuis le début des années 2000, n’a plus rien à voir avec celle du mobilier de mamie qu’on transmettait de génération en génération. Conséquences : en France, les quantités de déchets d’ameublement ont été multipliées par deux entre 2014 et 2020. Elles représentaient en 2022 1,3 million de tonnes collectées, soit 18,7 kilogrammes par habitant. Ces déchets sont <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/pollution/recyclage-des-dechets-bruxelles-met-la-france-sous-pression-un-des-mauvais-eleves-de-leurope-20230608_DUL6P4WO5ZHFJDNRTB4TI2H5G4/#:~:text=En%202035%2C%20la%20mise%20en,%2C%20enregistrait%2018%2C1%20%25.\" target=\"_blank\">principalement recyclés</a>, enfouis ou transformés en combustible pour les cimenteries. <i>«Mais le réemploi, c’est moins de 3 % des tonnages collectés par la filière. C’est pour cela qu’on demande plus de moyens pour le réemploi et ses acteurs», </i>poursuit Pauline Debrabandere."},{"_id":"22PFBSAUFFBWXMRH2KTGQRBS7Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[{"pos":510,"comment":" pour inciter les consommateurs à faire réparer qu’à acheter du neuf"}],"comments":[],"_id":1715676594583},"type":"text","content":"Autres préconisations : que la réduction des mises sur le marché soit inscrite dans la loi, conformément aux objectifs climatiques ; que la décoration soit aussi soumise à la responsabilité élargie du producteur, avec la création d’une filière dédiée de collecte et de tri (comme pour les piles et l’équipement électronique) ; que soit mis en place <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/proposition-de-loi-sur-la-fast-fashion-quest-ce-que-cela-va-changer-20240314_PBZ4D2LCLBDVJMKR66GYF4T4OQ/\" target=\"_blank\">un bonus-malus pour les enseignes</a> qui inondent le marché d’articles ou que les montants du <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/bonus-reparation-la-grolle-decolle-20240113_KT2CYABPIJB4ROIZMP7BKC5TJM/\">bonus réparation</a> déjà existants pour certains meubles soient rehaussés. Et de conclure : <i>«Il y a encore quarante ans, on ne renouvelait pas les meubles aussi rapidement : on en héritait et on les gardait toute une vie.» </i>Pour le coup, c’était vraiment mieux avant."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Dévoilé ce mardi 14 mai, un rapport des associations Zero Waste France, du Réseau national des ressourceries et recycleries ainsi que des Amis de la Terre pointe la généralisation d’un «modèle» similaire à la mode instantanée pour l’ameublement et la décoration intérieure, aux conséquences tout aussi «désastreuses» pour l’environnement."},"description":{"basic":"Un rapport de Zero Waste France, du Réseau national des ressourceries et recycleries et des Amis de la Terre pointe la généralisation d’un «modèle» similaire à la mode instantanée pour l’ameublement et la décoration 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la fast fashion, haro sur la fast déco ?"},"websites":{"liberation":{"website_url":"/lifestyle/design/apres-la-fast-fashion-haro-sur-la-fast-deco-20240514_JR2D6RNPBBBT7OYEQGE4AB7BP4/","website_section":{"path":"/lifestyle/consommation","parent":{"default":"/lifestyle"},"_website":"liberation","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Consommation","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la consommation : derniers articles, analyses, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Consommation de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/consommation","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"default":"/lifestyle","burgermenu":"/lifestyle"},"social":{"twitter":null,"rss":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité sur la consommation : derniers articles, analyses, photos et vidéos de la rubrique Consommation de 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babysitters) reconnaîtront. Mais savent-ils que la chaise haute Tripp Trapp a été conçue il y a plus de cinquante ans, en 1972, par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2000/09/04/la-chaise-se-met-en-selle_336042/\">le designer norvégien Peter Opsvik</a> ? Depuis, ce meuble évolutif en bois de hêtre massif, édité par Stokke et équipé de nouveaux kits pour bébé au début des années 2000, s’est vendu à plus de 12 millions d’exemplaires. Un best-seller (à 259 euros) qui avait dès ses origines toutes les caractéristiques pour devenir un incontournable des intérieurs contemporains : une ergonomie adaptée à la croissance d’un gosse qui lui permet de manger à table et une robustesse à toutes épreuves, gage de durabilité."},{"_id":"HTX765OXWZG3XI4YA6UFB62NSU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888754},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Jusque dans les années 60, le mobilier pour enfant suivait les typologies pour adultes en miniature,</i> explique Marie-Ange Brayer, conservatrice et cheffe du service design au centre Pompidou. <i>Mais, à partir de cette décennie, il rejoint l’imaginaire du jeu et quitte l’échelle de l’objet pour constituer un environnement à lui seul reconfigurable à l’infini.»</i> L’exposition «l’Enfance du design», au centre Pompidou, illustre à merveille le propos de sa co-commissaire – avec Céline Saraiva. A partir de quelque 150 d’objets, dont la moitié a été acquise par l’institution publique ces trois dernières années avec le soutien financier de la marque Bonpoint, mais aussi des gouaches, des vidéos et autres documents, l’exposition retrace un siècle de réflexions et de productions de meubles pour marmots."},{"level":2,"_id":"2JVSXMBON5HT7BFN6GHXDBWVZE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888756},"type":"header","content":"Nouvelles théories éducatives"},{"_id":"DRCTB4VK7FFC3BH4MDRKEPYYUI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888755},"type":"text","content":"Rares, explique Marie-Ange Brayer, ont été les grands musées à s’emparer de la question – <a href=\"https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1222\">hormis le MoMa</a>, à New York, en 2012. Or, depuis les années 20, les plus grands noms du design – et leurs courants respectifs – ont fait de l’enfance un prolifique terrain de jeu et d’expérimentation à travers le mobilier qui lui est destiné. <i>«Tous les grands designers industriels ont fait du mobilier pour enfant, </i>poursuit Brayer.<i> Cet intérêt a néanmoins disparu dans les années 80 et 90, sauf chez </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/2010/01/22/starck-systeme_605688/\"><i>Philippe Starck</i></a><i> ou </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/rencontre-avec-matali-crasset-le-design-cest-dire-ce-qui-nest-plus-acceptable-20230109_L24K4YJSZNEUNAP4PXDDZFLO3E/\"><i>Matali Crasset</i></a><i>. Mais on le sent poindre à nouveau chez certains jeunes créateurs.»</i>"},{"_id":"2JVSXMBON5HT7BFN6GHXDBWVZE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888756},"type":"text","content":"Dès l’entre-deux-guerres, l’avant-garde moderniste européenne, du fonctionnalisme français au Bauhaus allemand, influencée par les nouvelles théories éducatives de Friedrich Fröbel en Allemagne, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/livres/maria-montessori-linconnue-a-la-celebre-pedagogie-20230203_XYI36SNUR5H4PC6GANR2XFECVQ/\">Maria Montessori en Italie</a> ou de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/vous/2011/05/13/et-si-on-jouait-aux-meubles_735403/\">Ellen Key en Suède</a>, imagine des objets (meubles et jouets) adaptés à la place singulière qu’occupe l’enfant depuis le XIXe siècle dans les foyers (aisés), la famille et plus généralement les sociétés occidentales. En France <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/pierre-chareau-architecte-moderne-de-lepure-20230922_E4AWGZFGZFBDNIFIY6HPU3EG5Y/\">Pierre Chareau, architecte de la Maison de verre</a>, dessine et réalise en 1923 le mobilier fonctionnel, sans fioriture et aux lignes épurées, de la chambre de gosse des fortunés époux Dalsace. On y trouve une «Table à jouets» en frêne enduit de vernis, qui combine espaces de rangement – sous forme de tiroirs à filet – et table de jeux ou table à langer."},{"level":2,"_id":"4HSH5DRH3NCNHJCWXA4IQZUAUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714669932277},"type":"header","content":"«La chambre pour enfant, un prétexte pour l’expérimentation»"},{"_id":"4HSH5DRH3NCNHJCWXA4IQZUAUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714669932278},"type":"text","content":"De l’autre côté du Rhin, Alma Siedhoff-Buscher, alors étudiante<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/arts/2018/10/08/bauhaus-l-intensite-du-courant_1684010/\"> à l’école du Bauhaus de Walter Gropius</a>, conçoit la même année des meubles innovants de formes cubiques, mobiles et manipulables par les tout-petits, pour la chambre qui leur est dévolue dans la maison-témoin Haus am Horn, à Weimar. Des œuvres radicales pour l’époque et profondément révolutionnaires. <i>«Les créateurs exposaient leurs réalisations dans les salons. En fait, la chambre pour enfant était un prétexte pour réaliser du mobilier et pour l’expérimentation</i>, souligne Marie-Ange Brayer. <i>Il y a l’idée qu’il peut servir à l’apprentissage et à l’éveil et qu’il en est en fait partie prenante.»</i>"},{"_id":"H5NLMYBQ2NGQDCKDBL55V2GSYQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888758},"type":"text","content":"Ces questionnements n’épargnent pas le mobilier scolaire (chaises et pupitres) dans un contexte de massification de la scolarisation, notamment après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Là encore de nombreuses figures du design moderne (<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2019/10/16/il-faut-liberer-les-objets-prouve_1758018/\">Jean Prouvé en France</a>, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/design/aino-et-alvar-aalto-archi-intimes-20231023_UDF5GACGHNC45FH42NZ6NL6TQU/fin-de-vie/\">Alvar et Aino Aalto en Finlande</a>, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/guide/2002/02/28/une-fourmi-a-trois-pattes_395372/\">Arne Jacobsen au Danemark</a>) produisent d’innovantes assises, légères mais robustes et confortables, avec de l’acier tubulaire ou du bois, adaptées aux besoins pédagogiques. Dans ces objets, pour certains flexibles, agençables ou modulables, à l’instar de la chaise tournante d’Adam Stegner (Flotötto), créée en 1946, on retrouve déjà l’idée de jeu, même si la standardisation l’emporte."},{"level":2,"_id":"UJRVPE6KHVHWJACQST7VPV3A3M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888759},"type":"header","content":"Tubes laqués colorés et toiles de coton"},{"_id":"UJRVPE6KHVHWJACQST7VPV3A3M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888759},"type":"text","content":"Développé en 1962 par la designer Nanna Hauberg Ditzel, le meuble Trissen – des tabourets en pin en forme de bobines empilables – toujours vendu au Danemark, est, lui, emblématique de cette rupture. L’objet invite à la (dé) construction, il est multi-usage – il peut servir de siège, de table et de jouet – l’enfant peut se le réapproprier en le faisant rouler. A la même période, avec l’essor du plastique, moins cher et plus malléable, ce ludisme prend des formes plus courbes et des couleurs, principalement primaires et vives. Pour Roche Bobois, Marc Berthier imagine l’équipement complet d’une chambre (lit, bureau, armoire, etc.) avec sa collection Twenty Tube en tubes laqués colorés et toiles de coton. C’est pop, léger et onirique."},{"_id":"642WGUNJDJC7DJIFN56RKZK3OI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714666888760},"type":"text","content":"Mais si le mobilier pour les petits est au cœur des préoccupations des Trente Glorieuses, il est peu à peu délaissé par les designers. Quelques exceptions néanmoins : l’éditeur italien Magis, crée une collection dédiée en 2004 avec des animaux ou Javier Mariscal en Espagne. Des «marginaux» qui vont au-delà de l’objet <i>«pour imaginer des scénarios de vie dont l’enfant est acteur»,</i> explique Marie-Ange Brayer. C’est le cas de Stéphanie Marin qui, avec son projet Ecoletopie dans des établissements de Monaco, invite les écoliers à «construire» leur mobilier de classe, en matériaux naturels non traités, <i>«sans clou ni vis»</i>. Et Marie-Ange Brayer de regretter : <i>«Ce n’est plus une catégorie de recherche ou d’expérimentation. La standardisation du mobilier</i> [avec Ikéa et consorts, ndlr] <i>a laminé cette recherche.» </i>Gageons que cette exposition donnera des idées à certains."},{"level":6,"_id":"HOPUQBU5VNFJRKYCGRQEX722JI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714659272453},"type":"header","content":"«L’enfance du design. Un siècle de mobilier pour enfant», dir. Marie-Ange Brayer et Céline Savaira, du 25 avril au 12 août au centre Pompidou (75004)."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"A Beaubourg, une riche exposition retrace l’évolution des meubles pour enfants comme vecteur de progrès social et prolifique terrain d’expérimentation pour toute une génération de designers."},"description":{"basic":"A Beaubourg, une riche exposition retrace l’évolution des meubles pour enfants comme vecteur de progrès social et prolifique terrain d’expérimentation pour toute une génération de designers."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/design","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/lifestyle","default":"/lifestyle","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/lifestyle","amp-menu":"/lifestyle","headernav":"/lifestyle"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","site_title":"Design - 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êtes de ces marcheurs patentés. Comme Benoît-Joseph Labre au XVIIIe siècle, la puanteur en moins, ou n’importe quel pèlerin, vous arpentez les chemins, aujourd’hui de grande randonnée, pour vous évader de ce monde – en plus, c’est écolo. En tout cas, c’est votre dada, une, deux voire trois semaines par an. Mais tout voyageur itinérant, à<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/voyages/randos-dans-le-grand-paris-lile-de-france-prend-le-train-de-la-marche-20240309_CJERGXN5NNEOTHP44Z43BZT4UQ/\"> pied</a> <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/voyages/voyage-a-velo-lonely-planet-en-fait-son-rayon-20220421_WKBWQMHK2FANNBDKS6AADLSNL4/\">ou à vélo</a>, sait que l’hébergement en gîte d’étape, auberge ou camping, s’il n’est pas bien anticipé à l’avance sur un trajet, peut devenir une vraie galère, surtout pour ceux qui ont du mal à gérer les imprévus inhérents à toute aventure. A moins d’avoir facilement à disposition un lit réservable au dernier moment et à la nuitée via une application dans des espaces vacants : les églises et autres édifices religieux."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"U65UYGBP7NGLPCQWUWEG4SPFGA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"LNBN4POFZ5HRBJJVXRBKS46P4M"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"5LEXLH4LOJFO3JM7I753SG3TDU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"FLKRQNIGDVHTBP2UYQQBHJ3EUI","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Habitat de vacances : sur la route, ouvrez les vans","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/voyages/habitat-de-vacances-sur-la-route-ouvrez-les-vans-20230810_NX7YTBOU5VG2BAZNZYH4MKLF3Y/"}]},{"_id":"AIXT2MQPTVAJNGZB5NU6VP4LEM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1710866824063},"type":"text","content":"C’est l’idée d’Otium, microarchitecture hôtelière d’une grande sobriété imaginée par César Lardon, jeune designer bientôt diplômé de l’Ecole nationale supérieure de création industrielle (Ensci)-Les Ateliers, pour loger les voyageurs itinérants seulement équipés d’un sac de couchage<i>. «Quand on voyage de cette façon, on n’a pas vraiment besoin de l’opulence d’un hôtel, mais seulement de recharger les batteries, les nôtres et celle du téléphone,</i> explique l’étudiant. <i>Or il existe un maillage très dense des lieux de culte chrétiens en France, notamment vacants, qui pourraient recevoir à la nuitée. D’où l’idée de créer une plateforme pour les réserver.»</i> Ce projet, qui n’a pour l’instant aucune réalité matérielle, fait partie des propositions de la relève du design français pour imaginer l’hospitalité de demain."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Equiphotel ","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"80779e470a2bc8a1000b9a4be127e5b0ec827b24bbc07011b020943e4bb32ff8"},"caption":"Le projet Otium de César Lardon.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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l’invitation du salon professionnel EquipHotel, qui se tient tous les deux ans en novembre, vingt étudiants de la prestigieuse école du design hexagonal ont phosphoré pendant quatre mois sous l’encadrement des designers Stéphane Villard (studio GGSV) et Patrick de Glo de Besses. Cela donne des travaux semi-concrets, pour certains déjà ancrés dans <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/12/25/l-hotel-chambres-d-echo_1771062/\" target=\"_blank\">la réalité économique de l’hôtellerie-restauration</a>, pour d’autres, purement prospectifs, mais pas moins sensibles à l’époque (le besoin de lien social, de reconnexion avec la nature ou de déconnexion, la flexibilité des usages, l’insolite…). Julie Granjon a par exemple planché sur la réhabilitation d’un vieux bâtiment agricole d’un domaine viticole de l’Ardèche pour accueillir tour à tour saisonniers, visiteurs ou événements gastronomiques quand, dans un geste plus poétique, Maël Masson a, lui, imaginé un camping flottant sur la mer formé de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/voyages/habitats-de-vacances-la-tente-ne-se-laisse-pas-demonter-20230816_LEQKPUY6AFBLRH4IWXI74D3MUE/\" target=\"_blank\">six plateformes-tentes</a> reliées par des navettes fonctionnant à la main."},{"_id":"SOQXKS4SSZDEROHMWMWCOF5NCU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1710866824065},"type":"text","content":"On découvre aussi un projet d’hôtel éphémère dans des chantiers ou lieux fermés temporairement, un restaurant déployable et itinérant sous chapiteau ou un module de repos dans les aéroports pour les passagers en attente, accessible à toutes les bourses.<i> «Les propositions sont assez larges, elles n’ont pas prétention à donner des tendances»,</i> résume Stéphane Villard. <i>«On voulait voir comment eux imaginent les hospitalités de demain</i>, soutient de son côté Béatrice Gravier, la directrice d’EquipHotel. <i>Ils ont d’autres codes que les nôtres et une autre façon de mettre en pratique le design.»</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"E5MY53CLLJBADNCHRTV4XK56FI","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"QZJBA3T33BFZJAWREK7TQW676A"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"7ERGW247LBBJRAES5AX5AEAR5Q","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"4WIN4MHA3VGBXEPUOYNCBBRFLQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"«On a pris la mesure de la désertification des bourgs» : dans le Périgord, les jeunes designers se mettent au vert","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/on-a-pris-la-mesure-de-la-desertification-des-bourgs-dans-le-perigord-les-jeunes-designers-se-mettent-au-vert-20231003_TMW7S7RGTVHKDPOV37KUOHNQTU/"}]},{"_id":"3PNMRBFT7REHZDRKBQAT46KJWM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1710866824067},"type":"text","content":"Rappelons ici que le fait que des designers mettent leur nez dans la conception d’un établissement hôtelier n’a rien de nouveau. Restaurants, bars, hôtels, maisons d’hôtes ou clubs ont, depuis l’émergence il y a un siècle de cette <i>«discipline de la conception du sens»</i>, selon Frédérique Pain, la directrice de l’Ensci, sollicité ces professionnels pour imaginer leurs intérieurs. Ce qui est plus nouveau, c’est que le secteur, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2017/07/11/un-hotel-montable-demontable-et-tout-en-conteneurs_1582867/\" target=\"_blank\">à l’instar du groupe Accor</a>,<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/gastronomie/restaurants-quand-les-designers-mettent-le-couvert-20230601_GM4RENQZCRAGZGU7ROGNZHKW7I/\"> fait de plus en plus appel aux designers</a> pour aller au-delà de la simple décoration instagrammable et véritablement penser les nouveaux usages et services, les façons d’accueillir et de partager. Rien d’étonnant donc à ce que l’hôtellerie-restauration cherche à comprendre ce qui se trame dans la tête des créateurs de demain. Qui sont aussi peut-être ses futurs clients."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"A l’invitation du salon EquipHotel, qui aura lieu en novembre, vingt étudiants de l’Ecole nationale supérieure de création industrielle ont phosphoré pendant quatre mois pour imaginer de nouvelles façons d’accueillir ou de recevoir dans l’hôtellerie-restauration. Des projets pour certains ancrés dans une réalité économique, pour d’autres purement prospectifs."},"description":{"basic":"A l’invitation du salon EquipHotel de novembre, vingt étudiants de l’Ecole nationale supérieure de création industrielle ont phosphoré pour imaginer de nouvelles façons d’accueillir ou de recevoir dans l’hôtellerie-restauration."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/lifestyle/design","parent_id":"/lifestyle","name":"Design","description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design de Libération.","_id":"/lifestyle/design","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/lifestyle","default":"/lifestyle","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/lifestyle","amp-menu":"/lifestyle","headernav":"/lifestyle"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Consultez tous les articles de la rubrique Design 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Ici, le second est le sien», </i>affirme à ce propos le quotidien italien<i> </i><a href=\"https://www.repubblica.it/motori/2024/03/14/news/addio_a_marcello_gandini_il_papa_delle_lamborghini_miura_e_countach-422309133/\"><i>la Repubblica</i></a><i> </i>dans son hommage au créateur industriel. Natif de Turin en 1938, Marcello Gandini conçoit en 1966, en collaboration avec l’ingénieur Gian Paolo Dallara, ce modèle, dont, fait rare, le moteur central est placé à l’arrière. Présentée au salon de l’automobile de Genève la même année, cette architecture novatrice est sa première grande réalisation, à même pas 30 ans. Elle met surtout un coup de vieux aux supercars de l’époque. La suite coule comme l’eau du Pô dans le Piémont : le designer, qui n’a pas encore ce mot pour définir son activité, passionné de mécanique depuis l’enfance, s’acharne à dessiner des voitures aux traits géométriques séduisants, aussi synonymes d’innovation et de hautes performances. Bref qui font rêver les fanas d’auto argentés de l’époque. Ce sont des prototypes comme l’Alfa Romeo Carabo, précurseur de la Countach, en 1968 ; la Lancia Stratos, du même acabit fuselé, en 1970 ; ou la De Tomaso Pantera, produite, elle en série à plusieurs milliers d’unités à partir du début des années 70, qui séduit le cinéma hollywoodien ou des célébrités."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"6BDON33HA5GCDAEUU6663K3LHM","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"3KB7KQI3GVAHBBKKUWTVYJAY2Y"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"2WEIFIOWUBCKRIIVH2WGXW5VYI","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"IYHRJ4WD7ZG6ZNNALUXDNIK2IA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Adieu la Twingo, tecktonik de l’auto","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/france/2021/01/28/adieu-la-twingo-tecktonik-de-l-auto_1818697/"}]},{"_id":"G6UOKHKEWND7PJZGA6GDPBNMU4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1710433606126},"type":"text","content":"Dans les années 80, Marcello Gandini reprend son indépendance. Il livre encore des voitures de sport mais s’illustre aussi par des collaborations avec des constructeurs plus grand public pour concevoir la silhouette de citadines bien connues : la Citroën BX en 1982 ou la Renault Supercinq, best-seller des années 80 en France, vendue à plusieurs millions d’exemplaires. Points communs toujours : des formes toujours révolutionnaires et des coupes angulaires. Autres faits d’armes : le designer italien signe les formes de camions (le Magnum pour Renault en 1990) ou d’hélicoptères. Discret jusqu’à sa mort, il a néanmoins vertement étrillé la réédition moderne de la Countach, pour les 50 ans de la célèbre voiture de sport, et notamment son manque d’innovation. C’était en 2021. <i>«J’ai construit ma carrière […] sur un concept unique : chaque nouveau modèle sur lequel je travaillais devait être une innovation, une rupture, quelque chose de totalement différent du précédent. Le courage, la possibilité de créer une fracture en s’éloignant du succès de la voiture précédente et le challenge de ne pas se plier aux habitudes étaient l’essence même de mon travail», </i><a href=\"https://www.automobile-magazine.fr/toute-l-actualite/article/31207-marcello-gandini-renie-la-nouvelle-lamborghini-countach\" target=\"_blank\">assénait alors Gandini</a>, critique d’une époque dévolue au marketing. Il faut dire qu’il n’avait pas été informé ni consulté par Lamborghini du projet."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Le designer italien de voitures de sport, à qui l’on doit les carrosseries futuristes de nombreux modèles de Lamborghini, Maserati et autres Lancia des années 70, est mort mercredi à l’âge de 85 ans. 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