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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各族價電子的數量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各族價電子的數量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化學反應中的價電子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化學反應中的價電子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>化學反應中的價電子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化學反應中的價電子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">價電子</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。56种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4" title="إلكترون تكافؤ – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلكترون تكافؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n_de_valencia" title="Electrón de valencia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Electrón de valencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валент электрондар – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Валент электрондар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Валентныя электроны – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валентныя электроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Валентныя электроны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валентныя электроны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентен електрон – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валентен електрон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="যোজ্যতা ইলেকট্রন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যোজ্যতা ইলেকট্রন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valentni elektron" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3_de_val%C3%A8ncia" title="Electró de valència – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Electró de valència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ئێلێکترۆنی ھاوھێزی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێلێکترۆنی ھاوھێزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_elektron" title="Valenční elektron – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valenční elektron" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzelektron" title="Valenzelektron – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valenzelektron" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ελεύθερο ηλεκτρόνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερο ηλεκτρόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Valence electron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentelektrono" title="Valentelektrono – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valentelektrono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n_de_valencia" title="Electrón de valencia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electrón de valencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentselektron" title="Valentselektron – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valentselektron" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balentzia-elektroi" title="Balentzia-elektroi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balentzia-elektroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="الکترون ظرفیت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکترون ظرفیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenssielektroni" title="Valenssielektroni – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valenssielektroni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectron_de_valence" title="Électron de valence – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Électron de valence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%BAsleictreon" title="Fiúsleictreon – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fiúsleictreon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלקטרון ערכיות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקטרון ערכיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektwon_valans" title="Elektwon valans – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Elektwon valans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegy%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kelektron" title="Vegyértékelektron – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vegyértékelektron" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elektron valensi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gildisrafeind" title="Gildisrafeind – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gildisrafeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%A1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="価電子 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="価電子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="원자가 전자 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자가 전자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinis_elektronas" title="Valentinis elektronas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valentinis elektronas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93rt%C4%ABbas_elektrons" title="Vērtības elektrons – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vērtības elektrons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентен електрон – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Валентен електрон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентын электрон – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Валентын электрон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_valens" title="Elektron valens – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elektron valens" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzelektron" title="Valenzelektron – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Valenzelektron" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentie-elektron" title="Valentie-elektron – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valentie-elektron" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron_walencyjny" title="Elektron walencyjny – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elektron walencyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eletr%C3%A3o_de_val%C3%AAncia" title="Eletrão de valência – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eletrão de valência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_de_valen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Electron de valență – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Electron de valență" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентный электрон – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валентный электрон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentni_elektron" title="Valentni elektron – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valentni elektron" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valence electron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_elektr%C3%B3n" title="Valenčný elektrón – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valenčný elektrón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентни електрон – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валентни електрон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenselektron" title="Valenselektron – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valenselektron" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="இணைதிறன் எதிர்மின்னி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைதிறன் எதிர்மின்னி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เวเลนซ์อิเล็กตรอน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวเลนซ์อิเล็กตรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C4%9Ferlik_elektron" title="Değerlik elektron – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Değerlik elektron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валент электроннар – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Валент электроннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Валентний електрон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валентний електрон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Electron hóa trị – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Electron hóa trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="價電子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>價電子</b>（英語：<span lang="en">valence electron</span>）或<b>价层电子</b>（valence shell electron），是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%A4%96%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核外电子">核外电子</a>中能与其他原子相互作用形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a>的电子。<b>价层</b>（valence shell）或<b>价壳层</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>价电子层</b>，是一组在能量上可接受电子以形成化学键的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="原子轨道">轨域</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E4.BB.8B"></span>簡介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般而言，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="主族元素">主族元素</a>的价电子就是“最外層電子”，即主族元素原子的主量子数最大的那层电子。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡元素">过渡元素</a>的价电子则可包括“次外层电子”，即过渡元素的价电子不仅是主量子数最大的那层电子，次外层电子也可以成为价电子。某些元素的倒数第三层电子也可以成为价电子。 </p><p>價電子在決定一<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>如何與其他元素進行化學反應時起了重要作用：原子的價電子愈少，原子就愈不<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="活性">穩定</a>亦愈容易<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="化學反應">反應</a>。 </p><p>價電子通常处於最外层的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="电子轨道">电子轨道</a>，且可以在原子间形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学鍵</a>的电子。價電子表示有形成化学键能力的电子，和已经形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a>的电子是不同的。此外，價電子同時亦決定該元素的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="電導率">電導率</a>。 </p><p>普通元素的价电子位于最外层；但是，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a>的价电子可能也出现在<a href="/wiki/D%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="D軌域">d軌域</a>（英語：<span lang="en">d-Orbital</span>）。 </p><p>价电子若吸收热能或光能而跳脱原子核的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9F%E7%B8%9B%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="束縛能">束缚能</a>，该原子即称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>，此过程为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="離子化">离子化</a>；而脱离的电子，称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="自由電子">自由电子</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各族價電子的數量"><span id=".E5.90.84.E6.97.8F.E5.83.B9.E9.9B.BB.E5.AD.90.E7.9A.84.E6.95.B8.E9.87.8F"></span>各族價電子的數量</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：各族價電子的數量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="gray">價電子 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helium atom (not to scale)"><img alt="Helium atom (not to scale)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atom.svg/198px-Atom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="198" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atom.svg/297px-Atom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atom.svg/396px-Atom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Helium atom (not to scale)</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>氦原子模型</b><br />這個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>（He）模型展示了位於最<br />外能量層的兩個<b>價電子</b>。<br />氦是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="稀有氣體">稀有氣體</a>的一員並有兩個<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>元素的價電子數是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>所決定的，次元素就是這樣被分類。除週期表中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="副族元素">副族</a>（又稱B族，第3-12族，即<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>）外，個位數用以識別每直行下元素的價電子數。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">週期表族</a></th> <th>價電子 </th></tr> <tr> <td>第I族（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>)，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第II族（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼土金屬">鹼土金屬</a>）</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>副族（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>）</td> <td>99<i>*</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第III族（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="硼族">硼族</a>）</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第IV族（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="碳族">碳族</a>）</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第V族（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="氮族">氮族</a>）</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第VI族（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="氧族">氧族</a>）</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第VII族（<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鹵素">鹵素族</a>）</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第VIII族或第0族（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="稀有氣體">貴氣體</a>）</td> <td>8<i>**</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>*</i> 價電子一般不對過渡金屬有用。 </p><p><i>**</i> 除<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>以外，因为氦只有兩個價電子。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="化學反應中的價電子"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E5.8F.8D.E6.87.89.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.83.B9.E9.9B.BB.E5.AD.90"></span>化學反應中的價電子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：化學反應中的價電子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一原子最外層電子殼的價電子支配原子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="化學鍵">化學鍵</a>作用。因此，相同價電子數的原子在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>被放置於同一列。一般來說，原子價的電子數與穩定原子（即同週期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">惰性氣體</a>原子）的原子價個數差距愈少，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="活性">活性</a>就愈高。所以第<small>I</small>族<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>非常活潑，該族包括了<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰">鋰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鉀">鉀</a>，它們是金屬中活性最高的一群。 </p><p>每一個原子，如果有滿原子價的話都穩定得多，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="活性">活性</a>亦會低得多。而實現如此有兩個方式：一個原子跟鄰近原子分享電子，形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>；一個原子從其他原子中搶走電子，形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="離子鍵">離子鍵</a>。其中，若離子鍵需要一個原子把它的一些電子送給另一個原子，特稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%AE" title="配位键">配位共價键</a>。 </p><p>化學鍵詳見下列條目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E9%94%AE" title="共价键">共价键</a><i>*</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%94%AE" title="离子键">离子键</a><i>**</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E9%94%AE" title="金属键">金属键</a>。 </p><p><i>*</i> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>就是握手式的黏接及綁住。 </p><p><i>**</i> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="離子鍵">離子鍵</a>就是電容器形式的黏接及綁住。原始條件是高電壓原子與低電壓原子遠端存在以使電子從高電壓原子往低電壓原子流動。當這2個原子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a>等值時，即完成了電容器的電壓平衡，於是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="離子鍵">離子鍵</a>便形成了。而高電壓原子被稱為配合共價鍵是因為流動的電量主要由低電壓原子決定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=3471">https://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=3471</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060115042442/http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-06/valence_electrons.htm">Valence Electrons | Clackamas Community College</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=價電子&oldid=82744224">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=價電子&oldid=82744224</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="Category:化学键">化学键</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="Category:電子">電子</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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