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Paniranism – Wikipedia
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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paniranism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Tillgänglig på 25 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدة إيرانية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة إيرانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranizm" title="Paniranizm – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paniranizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="پانایرانیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پانایرانیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranismus" title="Paniranismus – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paniranismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pan-Iranism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranismo" title="Paniranismo – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paniranismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="پانایرانیسم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانایرانیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranisme" title="Paniranisme – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paniranisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Farsizm" title="Pan Farsizm – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Pan Farsizm" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranismo" title="Paniranismo – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paniranismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="범이란주의 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범이란주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Պանիրանիզմ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանիրանիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranismo" title="Paniranismo – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paniranismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-%C3%8Eran%C3%AEzm" title="Pan-Îranîzm – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pan-Îranîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паниранизм – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Паниранизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پانایرانزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پانایرانزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniranizm" title="Paniranizm – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paniranizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-iranismo" title="Pan-iranismo – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pan-iranismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паниранизм – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паниранизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پان ئێرانیزم – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پان ئێرانیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панэронизм – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Панэронизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-%C4%B0ranizm" title="Pan-İranizm – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pan-İranizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Паніранізм – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Паніранізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پانایرانزم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانایرانزم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="泛伊朗主義 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泛伊朗主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2144568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet 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> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Paniranism" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Paniranism" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&oldid=54200685" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Greater_Iran_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greater_Iran_Map.png/240px-Greater_Iran_Map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greater_Iran_Map.png/360px-Greater_Iran_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Greater_Iran_Map.png/480px-Greater_Iran_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Geografiskt och kulturellt inkluderar Stor-Iran hela den iranska högplatån och sträcker sig från södra <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> i väst till östra <a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ossetien" title="Ossetien">Ossetien</a> i nordväst.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Paniranism</b> är en <a href="/wiki/Politisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk">politisk</a> och social <a href="/wiki/Pannationell" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannationell">pannationell</a> strömning som strävar efter att politiskt och kulturellt ena de <a href="/wiki/Iranska_folk" title="Iranska folk">iranska folken</a> som bebor det <a href="/wiki/Iranska" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranska">iranska</a> landområdet (<a href="/wiki/Stor-Iran" title="Stor-Iran">Stor-Iran</a> eller <i>Iranzamin</i>) kring den iranska högplatån (Falāte Īrān), såsom <a href="/wiki/Perser" title="Perser">perser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osseter" title="Osseter">osseter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurder" title="Kurder">kurder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuner" title="Pashtuner">pashtuner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadzjiker" title="Tadzjiker">tadzjiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" title="Mazandaran">mazandarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talysj" title="Talysj">talyshier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazarer" title="Hazarer">hazarer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Azerer" title="Azerer">azerer</a>. Dessa folk har under långa tider levt i samma rike, som från 1700-talet splittrades genom bildandet av staten Afghanistan och genom att delar av territoriet förlorades till <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a> och <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>. Idag är paniranismen i huvudsak inriktad på att stärka banden mellan de iranska folken i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadzjikistan" title="Tadzjikistan">Tadzjikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbajdzjan" title="Azerbajdzjan">Azerbajdzjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ossetien" title="Ossetien">Ossetien</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrund">Bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bakgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bakgrund"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dariush_Forouhar_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Dariush_Forouhar_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Foruhar" title="Dariush Foruhar">Dariush Foruhar</a>, paniranist och partiledare för Mellat-e Iran (Nationen Iran)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Statsvetare" class="mw-redirect" title="Statsvetare">Statsvetaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Afshar" title="Mahmud Afshar">Mahmud Afshar</a> grundade paniranismen som politisk <a href="/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">ideologi</a> i början av <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>-talet som ett svar på den ökade <a href="/wiki/Panturkism" title="Panturkism">panturkismen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Panarabism" title="Panarabism">panarabismen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern">Mellanöstern</a>. Paniranismen är till skillnad mot de förra inklusiv mot andra folk och har i första hand syftat till att stärka de <a href="/wiki/Iranska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iranska språk">iransktalande</a> folkens samhörighetskänsla och Irans territoriella suveränitet. Flera framstående paniranister har varit och är <a href="/wiki/Turkiska_spr%C3%A5ket" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkiska språket">turkisktalande</a> <a href="/wiki/Iranier" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranier">iranier</a>, främst <a href="/wiki/Azerier" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerier">azerier</a>, men också <a href="/wiki/Armenier" title="Armenier">armenier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den <a href="/wiki/Armenier" title="Armenier">armeniske</a> paniranisten Grigor Yaqikian (d. 1951) gav ut tidskriften <i>Irān-e Kabir</i> (Stor-Iran) och ansåg att armenierna är ett iranskt folk. Till tidskriften bidrog flera ledande iranska intellektuella, däribland <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Moin" title="Mohammad Moin">Mohammad Moin</a> och <a href="/wiki/Nima_Yushij" title="Nima Yushij">Nima Yushij</a>, med essäer och poesi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efter att <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a> blev <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> kom paniranismens idéer att influera landets kulturpolitik och påverka människor på gräsrotsnivå. På <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>-talet bildades ett <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalistiskt</a> <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_parti" title="Politiskt parti">politiskt parti</a> vid namn <a href="/wiki/Paniranistiska_partiet" title="Paniranistiska partiet">Paniranistiska partiet</a> (Hezb-e Pān-Irānist). <a href="/wiki/De_allierades_(andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget)" class="mw-redirect" title="De allierades (andra världskriget)">De allierades</a> invasion av Iran <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, som tvingade <a href="/wiki/Reza_Pahlavi" title="Reza Pahlavi">Reza Pahlavi</a> att abdikera, och <a href="/wiki/Irankrisen_1946" title="Irankrisen 1946">Irankrisen 1946</a>, där <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> hotade att annektera de nordvästra provinserna, stärkte nationalistiska strömningar i landet. Till det Paniranistiska partiets anhängare hörde främst <a href="/wiki/Intellektuella" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellektuella">intellektuella</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare" title="Författare">författare</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4rare" title="Lärare">lärare</a> och <a href="/wiki/Studenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Studenter">studenter</a>. Landets främste <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6nlitteratur" title="Skönlitteratur">skönlitteräre</a> författare under 1900-talet, <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Hedayat" title="Sadeq Hedayat">Sadeq Hedayat</a>, var anhängare av paniranismen. En av de främsta talesmännen för rörelsen under 1900-talet var professor <a href="/wiki/Davoud_Monchi-Zadeh" title="Davoud Monchi-Zadeh">Davoud Monchi-Zadeh</a> som var verksam vid <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_universitet" title="Uppsala universitet">Uppsala universitet</a> mellan åren 1964 och 1989. Han distanserade sig dock politiskt från paniranismen och bildade ett <a href="/wiki/Nationalsocialismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsocialismen">nationalsocialistiskt</a> parti vid namn SUMKA. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> uppstod en konflikt mellan <a href="/wiki/Paniranistiska_partiet" title="Paniranistiska partiet">Paniranistiska partiets</a> två ledare <a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Pezeshkpour" title="Mohsen Pezeshkpour">Mohsen Pezeshkpour</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dariush_Foruhar" title="Dariush Foruhar">Dariush Foruhar</a> om partiets praktiska inriktning vilket ledde till att en splittring uppstod. Pezeskpours fraktion, som behöll partinamnet Hezb-e Paniranist, argumenterade för att partiet måste verka inom landets politiska system i motsats till Foruhars fraktion som antog partinamnet Mellat-e Iran (Nationen Iran) och gick i opposition mot shahen <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efter_revolutionen_i_Iran">Efter revolutionen i Iran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Efter revolutionen i Iran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Efter revolutionen i Iran"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg/250px-Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg/375px-Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg/500px-Seyyed_Javad_Tabatabai_20170104_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Javad Tabatabai, 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Efter den <a href="/wiki/Iranska_revolutionen" title="Iranska revolutionen">iranska revolutionen</a> <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> tvingades paniranistiska grupperingar verka underjordiskt och flera inom rörelsens ledarskikt gick i exil. Paniranistiska aktivister har också fängslats, utsatts för mordförsök eller mördats. <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Ameli_Tehrani" title="Mohammad Reza Ameli Tehrani">Mohammad Reza Ameli Tehrani</a> avrättades <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Aryamanesh" title="Kourosh Aryamanesh">Kourosh Aryamanesh</a> mördades <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dariush_Foruhar" title="Dariush Foruhar">Dariush Foruhar</a> mördades <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter att <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformisten</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a> blev president <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> lättade det politiska klimatet i landet något och flera paniranister tilläts återvända till Iran och verka icke-officiellt i landet. Två intellektuella ledarfigurer inom paniranismen under de första trettio åren efter revolutionen var fortsatt Mohsen Pezeshkpour (död 2011) och historikern <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morteza_Saqebfar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morteza Saqebfar [inte skriven än]">Morteza Saqebfar</a> (död 2012) som var verksamma som både politiker och författare. </p><p>Sedan början av <a href="/wiki/2000-talet" title="2000-talet">2000-talet</a> har paniranismen fått starkare fotfäste bland iranska allmänheten som en konsekvens av det <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">islamistiska</a> styrets <a href="/wiki/Kulturpolitik" title="Kulturpolitik">kulturpolitik</a> och att <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">islamismen</a> försvagats som <a href="/wiki/Politisk_ideologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk ideologi">politisk ideologi</a>. I Iran har känslan av samhörighet med andra iranska folk såsom <a href="/wiki/Kurder" title="Kurder">kurder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadzjiker" title="Tadzjiker">tadzjiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osseter" title="Osseter">osseter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazarer" title="Hazarer">hazarer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pashtuner" title="Pashtuner">pashtuner</a>, och hyllningen av det <a href="/wiki/Ariska" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariska">ariska</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Indoiranska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoiranska språk">indoiranska</a> ursprunget stärkts bland yngre personer inom <a href="/wiki/Popul%C3%A4rkultur" title="Populärkultur">populärkulturen</a>. En av paniranismens främsta ideologer var <a href="/wiki/Filosof" title="Filosof">filosofen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Statsvetare" class="mw-redirect" title="Statsvetare">statsvetaren</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Javad_Tabatabai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javad Tabatabai [inte skriven än]">Javad Tabatabai</a> (d. 2023) som förnyade idén om <i>Irānshahr</i> och har många anhängare inom den politiska eliten i Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I en intervju med <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a> framförde Tabatabai att <a href="/wiki/Politisk_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Politisk islam">politisk islam</a> är död, eftersom den inte har något projekt inom ramen för <a href="/wiki/Modernitet" title="Modernitet">modernitet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei, tidigare stabschef och rådgivare åt <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a>, är anhängare av paniranism, förespråkare "iransk ideologi" (<i>maktab-e Irān</i>) och har uttalat att <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamisk</a> kultur vore obefintlig utan Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tadzjikistan" title="Tadzjikistan">Tadzjikistan</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> finns starka intellektuella och politiska krafter som arbetar för de <a href="/wiki/Iranska_folk" title="Iranska folk">iranska folkens</a> kulturella återförening. Tadzjikistans <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a> har paniranism på sitt politiska program. Afghanska intellektuella kring tidskriften <i>Aryana</i> och <a href="/wiki/Tadzjikiska" title="Tadzjikiska">tadzjikiska</a> författare och kulturarbetare kring tidskriften <i>Payvand</i> i <a href="/wiki/Dusjanbe" title="Dusjanbe">Dusjanbe</a> stödjer paniranismens idéer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demokratiska partiet (<i>Hizbi Demokratii Tojikisto</i>n) är ett politiskt parti i Tadzjikistan, grundat i augusti <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> av Mahmadruzi Iskandarov, som har paniranism på partiprogrammet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Förespråkare_av_icke-våld"><span id="F.C3.B6respr.C3.A5kare_av_icke-v.C3.A5ld"></span>Förespråkare av icke-våld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förespråkare av icke-våld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förespråkare av icke-våld"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paniranismen har inte haft och har inte någon militär agenda utan många paniranistiska tänkare, såsom Mahmud Afshar och Dariush Foruhar, förespråkar icke-våld. Undantaget är <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> då Iran var ockuperat av <a href="/wiki/De_allierade" class="mw-redirect" title="De allierade">de allierade</a> och en falang inom paniranismen bildade en militär <a href="/wiki/Motst%C3%A5ndsr%C3%B6relse" title="Motståndsrörelse">motståndsrörelse</a> mot ockupationen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> Touraj Atabaki, “Recasting Oneself, Rejecting the Other: Pan-Turkism and Iranian Nationalism”, red. W. Van Schendel, <i>Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century</i>, London: I.B. Tauris, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFParvin2006">Parvin, Nassereddin (december 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-e-kabir">”Iran-e Kabir”</a>. <i><span>Encyclopaedia Iranica</span></i>. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-e-kabir">https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-e-kabir</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 februari 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Iran-e+Kabir&rft.atitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Parvin&rft.aufirst=Nassereddin&rft.au=Parvin%2C+Nassereddin&rft.date=december+2006&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Iranica+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-e-kabir&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFAbrahamian1982">Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). <i><span>Iran Between Two Revolutions</span></i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. sid. 258</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+Between+Two+Revolutions&rft.aulast=Abrahamian&rft.aufirst=Ervand&rft.au=Abrahamian%2C+Ervand&rft.date=1982&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B258&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBerger2022">Berger, Stefan (2022). <i><span>Dynamics of Emigration. Émigré Scholars and the Production of Historical Knowledge in the 20th Century</span></i>. New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books. sid. 63</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Emigration.+%C3%89migr%C3%A9+Scholars+and+the+Production+of+Historical+Knowledge+in+the+20th+Century&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Berger%2C+Stefan&rft.date=2022&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B63&rft.place=New+York+%26+Oxford&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFShahibzadeh2020">Shahibzadeh, Yadullah (2020). <i><span>Public Intellectuals and Their Discontents: From Europe to Iram</span></i>. New York: Springer International Publishing. sid. 180</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Intellectuals+and+Their+Discontents%3A+From+Europe+to+Iram&rft.aulast=Shahibzadeh&rft.aufirst=Yadullah&rft.au=Shahibzadeh%2C+Yadullah&rft.date=2020&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B180&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFTabatabai">Tabatabai, Javad (27 oktober 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2001/10/27/javad-tabatabai-l-islam-politique-est-voue-a-l-echec_382158/">”L'islam politique est voué à l'échec”</a> (på franska). <i><span>Libération</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2001/10/27/javad-tabatabai-l-islam-politique-est-voue-a-l-echec_382158/">https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2001/10/27/javad-tabatabai-l-islam-politique-est-voue-a-l-echec_382158/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 mars 2023</span>.  ”Javad Tabatabai : philosophe iranien, explique que l'islam n'a pas de projet pour la modernité”</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=L%27islam+politique+est+vou%C3%A9+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9chec&rft.atitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=Javad&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+Javad&rft.date=27+oktober+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fplanete%2F2001%2F10%2F27%2Fjavad-tabatabai-l-islam-politique-est-voue-a-l-echec_382158%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFSheikholeslami2024">Sheikholeslami, Ali (10 augusti 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-08-10/iran-forces-chief-of-staff-criticizes-ahmadinejad-aide-over-islam-remarks#xj4y7vzkg">”Iran Forces’ Head Rejects President’s Aide Over Islam”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Bloomberg Business</span></i>. Bloomberg<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-08-10/iran-forces-chief-of-staff-criticizes-ahmadinejad-aide-over-islam-remarks#xj4y7vzkg">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-08-10/iran-forces-chief-of-staff-criticizes-ahmadinejad-aide-over-islam-remarks#xj4y7vzkg</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 mars 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Iran+Forces%E2%80%99+Head+Rejects+President%E2%80%99s+Aide+Over+Islam&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+Business&rft.aulast=Sheikholeslami&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Sheikholeslami%2C+Ali&rft.date=10+augusti+2010&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2010-08-10%2Firan-forces-chief-of-staff-criticizes-ahmadinejad-aide-over-islam-remarks%23xj4y7vzkg&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"Aryana: Historical, Cultural, Literary and Social Journal of Afghanistan Studies": <cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801093848/http://www.khawaran.com/">”Arkiverade kopian”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khawaran.com/">originalet</a> den 1 augusti 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801093848/http://www.khawaran.com/">https://web.archive.org/web/20100801093848/http://www.khawaran.com/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 augusti 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arkiverade+kopian&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100801093848%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.khawaran.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paniranism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paniranistiska_partiet" title="Paniranistiska partiet">Paniranistiska partiet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stor-Iran" title="Stor-Iran">Stor-Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranofil" title="Iranofil">Iranofil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniranism&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paniranist-party.org">Paniranistiska partiet - Officiell hemsida (Iran)</a> (persiska)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paniranist.party">Paniranistiska partiet - Officiell blogg (Iran)</a> (persiska)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paniranist.org">Paniranistiska partiet (USA)</a> (persiska, engelska)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paniranism.net">Paniranism (USA)</a> (persiska, engelska)</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5484c6d78d‐xcgdk Cached time: 20241111150747 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.201 seconds Real time usage: 0.813 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5645/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32664/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12199/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10410/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.014/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 986417/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 362.485 1 -total 71.34% 258.594 4 Mall:Webbref 66.55% 241.234 7 Mall:Citation/core 60.97% 221.008 4 Mall:Cite_web 29.41% 106.622 11 Mall:Date 28.47% 103.199 3 Mall:Bokref 18.10% 65.600 3 Mall:Cite_book 12.18% 44.145 2 Mall:Språknamn 8.68% 31.481 22 Mall:Void 1.05% 3.819 6 Mall:Italiclink --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key svwiki:pcache:idhash:858853-0!canonical and timestamp 20241111150747 and revision id 54200685. 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