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id="toc-Production_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-914_Sound_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#914_Sound_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 914 Sound Studios </div> </a> <ul id="toc-914_Sound_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Record_Plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_Plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Record Plant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_Plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mixing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outtakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outtakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Outtakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outtakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Music and lyrics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music_and_lyrics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Music and lyrics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Music_and_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Side_one" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_one"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Side one </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_one-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Side_two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Side two </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artwork_and_packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artwork_and_packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Artwork and packaging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artwork_and_packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release_and_promotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_and_promotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Release and promotion </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release_and_promotion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release and promotion subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release_and_promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media_hype_and_backlash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_hype_and_backlash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Media hype and backlash </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_hype_and_backlash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Critical reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tours_and_Appel_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tours_and_Appel_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tours and Appel lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tours_and_Appel_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrospective_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospective_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Retrospective reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospective_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reissues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reissues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Reissues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reissues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Track_listing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Track_listing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Track listing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Track_listing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Charts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Certifications_and_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Certifications_and_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Certifications and sales </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Certifications_and_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Born to Run</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="زاده‌شده برای راندن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زاده‌شده برای راندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run_(album)" title="Born to Run (album) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Born to Run (album)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8D%E6%9A%B4%E8%B5%B0" title="明日なき暴走 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="明日なき暴走" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run_(%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC)" title="Born to Run (альбом) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Born to Run (альбом)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run_(%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC)" title="Born to Run (альбом) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Born to Run (альбом)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Born to Run" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1975 studio album by Bruce Springsteen</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Born to Run (disambiguation)">Born to Run (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%;">Born to Run</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Born_to_Run_(Front_Cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bearded man holding an electric guitar leaning on an out-of-frame man's shoulder."><img alt="A bearded man holding an electric guitar leaning on an out-of-frame man's shoulder." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Born_to_Run_%28Front_Cover%29.jpg/220px-Born_to_Run_%28Front_Cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Born_to_Run_%28Front_Cover%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Studio album</a> by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">August 25, 1975 (1975-08-25)<a href="#cite_note-release_date-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">January 1974 – July 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/914_Sound_Studios" title="914 Sound Studios">914</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blauvelt,_New_York" title="Blauvelt, New York">Blauvelt, New York</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_Plant" title="Record Plant">Record Plant</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">39:23</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li>Bruce Springsteen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="color:inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><a href="/wiki/The_Wild,_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a> (1973) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em">Born to Run (1975) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"><a href="/wiki/Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (1978) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="color: inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><a href="/wiki/The_Wild,_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a> (1973) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em">Born to Run (1975) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"><a href="/wiki/Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (1978) </td></tr> </tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Singles</a> from Born to Run </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left"> <ol><li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">Born to Run</a>" Released: August 25, 1975</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>" Released: January 1976</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Born to Run is the third studio album by the American singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, released on August 25, 1975, by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. Co-<a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">produced</a> by Springsteen with his manager <a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a> and the producer <a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a>, its recording took place in New York. Following the commercial failures of his first two albums, the album marked Springsteen's effort to break into the mainstream and create a commercially successful album. Springsteen sought to emulate <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a> production, leading to prolonged sessions with the <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a> lasting from January 1974 to July 1975; six months alone were spent working on the <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">title track</a>. The album incorporates musical styles including <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>. Its character-driven lyrics describe individuals who feel trapped and fantasize about escaping to a better life, conjured via romantic lyrical imagery of highways and travel. Springsteen envisioned the songs taking place over one long summer day and night. They are also less tied to the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> area than his previous work. The album cover, featuring Springsteen leaning on E Street Band saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a>'s shoulder, is considered iconic and has been imitated by various musicians and in other media. Supported by an expensive promotional campaign, Born to Run became a commercial success, reaching number three on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs & Tape</a> chart and the top ten in three others. Two singles were released, "Born to Run" and "<a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>", the first of which became a radio and live favorite. The album's release generated extensive publicity, leading to backlash from critics who expressed skepticism over whether Springsteen's newfound attention was warranted. Following its release, Springsteen became embroiled in legal issues with Appel, leading him to <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_tours" title="Born to Run tours">tour the United States and Europe</a> for almost two years. Upon release, Born to Run received highly positive reviews. Critics praised the storytelling and music, although some viewed its production as excessive and heavy-handed. Born to Run was Springsteen's breakthrough album. Its success has been attributed to capturing the ideals of a generation of American youths during a decade of political turmoil, war, and issues for the <a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a>. Over the following decades, the album has become widely regarded as a masterpiece and one of Springsteen's best records. It has appeared on various lists of the greatest albums of all time and was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 2003. Born to Run received an expanded reissue in 2005 to celebrate its 30th anniversary, featuring a <a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">concert film</a> and a documentary detailing the album's making. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>'s first two albums, <a href="/wiki/Greetings_from_Asbury_Park,_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wild,_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a>, were released in 1973 through <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. While the albums were critically acclaimed, both sold poorly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a> By 1974 his popularity was limited to the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200731-3">[2]</a> and the label's confidence in him began to wane.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108-5">[4]</a> Management at Columbia had changed and they began to favor the then-upcoming artist <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016194-7">[6]</a> Low morale plagued Springsteen's team, including both his manager, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a>, and his backing group the <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a> After Springsteen rejected <a href="/wiki/CBS_Records_International" title="CBS Records International">CBS Records</a>' suggestion to record in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a> with session musicians and a brought-in producer,<a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliot1992116-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012102-11">[9]</a> the label agreed to finance one more album on the agreement that if it failed, they would drop him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016203-12">[10]</a> Appel successfully negotiated a slightly larger budget for the album but limited recording to <a href="/wiki/914_Sound_Studios" title="914 Sound Studios">914 Sound Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Blauvelt,_New_York" title="Blauvelt, New York">Blauvelt, New York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">[3]</a> the studio Springsteen used for the recordings of his first two albums.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I had these enormous ambitions for [the album]. ... I wanted to make the greatest rock record that I'd ever heard. I wanted it to sound enormous, to grab you by your throat and insist that you take that ride, insist that you pay attention—not just to the music, but to life, to being alive.<a href="#cite_note-RSMaking-14">[12]</a> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Bruce Springsteen, 2005</cite></div> </div> The phrase "born to run" came to Springsteen while lying in bed one night at his home in <a href="/wiki/West_Long_Branch,_New_Jersey" title="West Long Branch, New Jersey">West Long Branch, New Jersey</a>. He said the title "suggested a cinematic drama I thought would work with the music I was hearing in my head".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012172-15">[13]</a> Inspired by the musical sounds and lyrical themes of 1950s and 1960s <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Duane_Eddy" title="Duane Eddy">Duane Eddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, Springsteen began composing what became "<a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">Born to Run</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016207–209-16">[14]</a> He later wrote: "This was the turning point. It proved to be the key to my songwriting for the rest of the record."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012174-17">[15]</a> He anticipated that sound he was seeking would be a "studio production".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuterman200565-18">[16]</a> The album became the first time Springsteen <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">used the studio as an instrument</a> rather than simply replicating the sound of live performances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201041-19">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_history">Production history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="914_Sound_Studios">914 Sound Studios</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 914 Sound Studios">edit</a>]</div> The recording sessions for the album began at 914 Sound Studios in January 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012174-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012107-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201049-21">[19]</a> Springsteen and Appel acted as co-producers; Greetings and Wild producer Jimmy Cretecos had departed Springsteen's company in early 1974, citing low profits.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a> Louis Lahav, the <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">engineer</a> from both albums, returned for these sessions. The members of the E Street Band were <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a> (saxophone), <a href="/wiki/Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a> (organ), <a href="/wiki/David_Sancious" title="David Sancious">David Sancious</a> (piano), <a href="/wiki/Garry_Tallent" title="Garry Tallent">Garry Tallent</a> (bass), and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Carter_(drummer)" title="Ernest Carter (drummer)">Ernest Carter</a> (drums);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> Carter had replaced <a href="/wiki/Vini_Lopez" title="Vini Lopez">Vini "Mad Dog" Lopez</a>, whom Springsteen fired in February over poor personal behavior.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012175–177-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012102–103-24">[22]</a> The band went back and forth between studio recording and live concert performances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200735-25">[23]</a> Springsteen used the latter to develop new material,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012174-17">[15]</a> and he spent more time in the studio refining songs than he had on the previous two albums.<a href="#cite_note-UCR-26">[24]</a> The album's working titles included From the Churches to the Jails, The Hungry and the Hunted, War and Roses, and American Summer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200735-25">[23]</a> Recording for "Born to Run" lasted six months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012107-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201044–47-27">[25]</a> Springsteen's <a href="/wiki/Perfectionism_(psychology)" title="Perfectionism (psychology)">perfectionism</a> led to grueling sessions:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> he obsessed over every syllable, note, and tone of every <a href="/wiki/Texture_(music)" title="Texture (music)">texture</a>, and he struggled to capture the sounds he heard in his head on tape.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201051-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-week-30">[28]</a> His aim for a Phil Spector-type <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a> production meant multiple instruments were assigned to each track on the studio's 16-track <a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">mixing desk</a>; each new <a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">overdub</a> made the recording and <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">mixing</a> more difficult.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012107-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> As he kept rewriting the lyrics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016210-31">[29]</a> Springsteen and Appel created several mixes containing electric and acoustic guitars, piano, organ, horns, <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, as well as strings and female backing vocalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200733-32">[30]</a> "Born to Run" reportedly had up to five different versions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201044–47-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012186–187-33">[31]</a> According to Springsteen, the final song had 72 different tracks squeezed onto the 16 tracks of the mixing console.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016210-31">[29]</a> Springsteen was pleased with the final mix,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> completed in August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">[3]</a> CBS/Columbia refused to release "Born to Run" as an early single, wanting an album to promote it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:284px;max-width:284px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A side-shot of a bald man with glasses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg/151px-Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg/227px-Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg/302px-Roy_bittan_schunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="695" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Weinberg-9_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of a man playing a drum set" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Max_Weinberg-9_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="354" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bittan" title="Roy Bittan">Roy Bittan</a> (left, 2002) and <a href="/wiki/Max_Weinberg" title="Max Weinberg">Max Weinberg</a> (right, 2019) replaced the pianist <a href="/wiki/David_Sancious" title="David Sancious">David Sancious</a> and the drummer <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Carter_(drummer)" title="Ernest Carter (drummer)">Ernest Carter</a>, respectively, following their departures from the E Street Band in August 1974.</div></div></div></div> The same month "Born to Run" was completed, Sancious and Carter departed the E Street Band to form their own <a href="/wiki/Jazz-fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz-fusion">jazz-fusion</a> band, <a href="/wiki/Tone_(jazz-fusion_band)" title="Tone (jazz-fusion band)">Tone</a>. They were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Bittan" title="Roy Bittan">Roy Bittan</a> on piano and <a href="/wiki/Max_Weinberg" title="Max Weinberg">Max Weinberg</a> on drums.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201650-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012182–184-36">[34]</a> Bittan had a background in symphony orchestras while Weinberg had experience with various rock bands and <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway productions</a>. Bittan had previously known of Springsteen's music but Weinberg had not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200735-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012109–111-37">[35]</a> The two meshed well with the rest of the band, offering new musical insights and relaxed personalities that eased tensions that had built up over years of recording and performing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012182–184-36">[34]</a> On the album Bittan mostly replaced Federici, whose sole contribution was the organ part on "Born to Run".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> Bittan later said he believed this was due to both men's different performing styles and Bittan wanting to "prove himself" as a new member of the group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202090–91-38">[36]</a> Recording at 914 continued into late October 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012113-39">[37]</a> The band made attempts at "<a href="/wiki/Jungleland" title="Jungleland">Jungleland</a>", "<a href="/wiki/She%27s_the_One_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="She's the One (Bruce Springsteen song)">She's the One</a>", "Lovers in the Cold", "<a href="/wiki/Backstreets" title="Backstreets">Backstreets</a>", and "So Young and in Love", but faulty equipment and Springsteen's lack of direction halted progress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202094–97-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012113-39">[37]</a> The music critic <a href="/wiki/Dave_Marsh" title="Dave Marsh">Dave Marsh</a> suggested that Springsteen remained at the subpar 914 Studios because studio costs built up, even though superior ones were available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201044-41">[39]</a> In November,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012113–114-42">[40]</a> Appel sent "Born to Run" to various radio stations around the United States, which CBS executives viewed as professional misconduct.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">[3]</a> The stunt generated interest in the track and anticipation built toward the album's release,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201048-43">[41]</a> prompting Columbia to fund further sessions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200734-44">[42]</a> "Born to Run" became frequently requested on radio and at shows.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200734-44">[42]</a> By January 1975, the band had been working for over a year with one finished track. Production continued to be plagued by faulty equipment, false starts, and Springsteen's desire for more takes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012188–189-45">[43]</a> A new track, "Wings for Wheels", debuted live in February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012115–116-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201052–53-47">[45]</a> Springsteen felt he lacked direction,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012194-48">[46]</a> and he requested production advice from the writer and producer <a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a>, who had criticized the production on Wild in an article for <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Paper" title="The Real Paper">The Real Paper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200737-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-week-30">[28]</a> The two met in Boston in April 1974 and developed a close friendship after.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012178–179-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012104–105-51">[49]</a> In February 1975, Landau was invited to a session, where he suggested moving the saxophone solo on "Wings for Wheels" to the end rather than in the middle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200737-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981146-52">[50]</a> Springsteen liked the change and hired Landau as co-producer of the album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981146-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201054-53">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_Plant">Record Plant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Record Plant">edit</a>]</div> In March 1975,<a href="#cite_note-56">[c]</a> Landau moved the recording sessions from 914 to the superior <a href="/wiki/Record_Plant" title="Record Plant">Record Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981146-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201054-53">[51]</a> Landau helped Springsteen regain focus and direction with a fresh perspective.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012194-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200737-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202064-57">[54]</a> Springsteen told <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> in 1975: "[Landau] came up with the idea, 'Let's make a rock and roll record.' Things had fallen down internally. He got things on their feet again."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliot1992100-58">[55]</a> Appel and Landau had disagreements on production choices, which Springsteen had to resolve.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012194-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201652–53-59">[56]</a> Like the band, the two helped Springsteen complete already devised ideas, not think of new ones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012123-60">[57]</a> Louis Lahav was unavailable due to family commitments so these sessions were engineered by <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Iovine" title="Jimmy Iovine">Jimmy Iovine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200737-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202074-61">[58]</a> Sessions at the Record Plant lasted from March to July 1975.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201652-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202074-61">[58]</a> Apart from a few live performances, Springsteen spent most of these months working on the album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981147-62">[59]</a> The sessions were grueling,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202074-61">[58]</a> dragging on despite increased professionalism brought by Landau and Iovine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200737–38-63">[60]</a> While the backing tracks and vocals were recorded with little difficulty, Springsteen struggled with his overdubs and completing the writing of the lyrics and arrangements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981149–150-64">[61]</a> Springsteen obsessively labored over<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202074-61">[58]</a> and sometimes spent hours revising single lines<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201058-65">[62]</a> or taking days to figure out the song arrangements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981149–150-64">[61]</a> Springsteen later said: "[The sessions] turned into something that was wrecking me, just pounding me into the ground."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200738-66">[63]</a> Weinberg called it the hardest project of his career, and Federici said "[we] ate, drank, and slept [that album]".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202074-61">[58]</a> Work was mostly done between 3 p.m. and 6 a.m. the following morning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981149–150-64">[61]</a> "Wings for Wheels", now called "<a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_(song)" title="Thunder Road (song)">Thunder Road</a>", was finished in April. Springsteen reportedly took 13 hours to complete his guitar parts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202076–78-67">[64]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Night_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Night (Bruce Springsteen song)">Night</a>" followed in May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202092–93-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202082–83-69">[66]</a> For "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", Springsteen hired the <a href="/wiki/Brecker_Brothers" title="Brecker Brothers">Brecker Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Randy_Brecker" title="Randy Brecker">Randy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_Sanborn" title="David Sanborn">David Sanborn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Andre" title="Wayne Andre">Wayne Andre</a> to play horn parts.<a href="#cite_note-70">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a> Springsteen and Bittan failed to write proper horn parts by the time the players arrived to record,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a> so Springsteen's friend and former <a href="/wiki/Steel_Mill" title="Steel Mill">Steel Mill</a> bandmate <a href="/wiki/Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a> conceived them on the spot in the studio. Van Zandt joined the E Street Band shortly after.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012196–197-72">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201057–58-73">[69]</a> Springsteen used lyrical ideas from "She's the One" to complete "Backstreets", originally "Hidin' on the River".<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Meeting_Across_the_River" title="Meeting Across the River">Meeting Across the River</a>", originally "The Heist", featured <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davis_(bassist)" title="Richard Davis (bassist)">Richard Davis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>. Davis had previously contributed to "<a href="/wiki/The_Angel_(song)" title="The Angel (song)">The Angel</a>" on Greetings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202092–93-68">[65]</a> "Jungleland" featured <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a> from <a href="/wiki/Suki_Lahav" title="Suki Lahav">Suki Lahav</a>, wife of Louis Lahav,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200735-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012111–112-74">[70]</a> and a long saxophone solo from Clemons, which he spent 16 hours replaying to Springsteen's satisfaction;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012196-75">[71]</a> the latter dictated almost every note played.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201051–52-76">[72]</a> Clemons played several different solos, bits of which were then edited together into one piece; he then reproduced the final result.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202094–97-40">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixing">Mixing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mixing">edit</a>]</div> According to Iovine, the album was mixed in "nine days straight".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201060-77">[73]</a> The final days were hectic; the band worked vigorously between recording for the album and rehearsing for an upcoming tour scheduled to start on July 20.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201060-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200738–39-78">[74]</a> Springsteen wrote in his 2016 autobiography <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(autobiography)" title="Born to Run (autobiography)">Born to Run</a>: "In a three-day, 72-hour sprint, working in three studios simultaneously, Clarence and I finishing the 'Jungleland' sax solo, phrase by phrase, in one, while we mixed 'Thunder Road' in another, singing 'Backstreets' in a third."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016222-79">[75]</a> Springsteen was demanding and refused to compromise,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202075-80">[76]</a> saying at the time that he could "only hear the things that were wrong with it".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200739-81">[77]</a> Appel and Landau fought to keep certain tracks on the finished album. Appel succeeded in leaving "Linda Let Me Be the One" and "Lonely Night in the Park" off and keeping "Meeting Across the River" on.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012195-82">[78]</a> Mixing lasted until the morning of July 20, just before the tour began.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012197–199-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012124–125-84">[80]</a> Born to Run was <a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">mastered</a> by the engineer <a href="/wiki/Greg_Calbi" title="Greg Calbi">Greg Calbi</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> while the band were on the road.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201062-86">[82]</a> Springsteen was furious about the initial acetate, throwing it into the swimming pool of the hotel he was staying at.<a href="#cite_note-week-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202075-80">[76]</a> He contemplated scrapping the entire project and re-recording it live before he was stopped by Landau.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202075-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012197–199-83">[79]</a> Springsteen was sent multiple mixes as he was on the road and rejected all but one, which he approved in early August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201062-86">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012125–126-87">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outtakes">Outtakes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Outtakes">edit</a>]</div> The seven known outtakes from the album are "Linda Let Me Be the One", "Lonely Night in the Park", "A Love So Fine", "A Night Like This", "Janey Needs a Shooter", "Lovers in the Cold", and "So Young and in Love".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202063-88">[84]</a> "Linda Let Me Be the One" and "So Young and in Love" were released on the <a href="/wiki/Tracks_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)">Tracks</a> box set in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201653-89">[85]</a> Rough mixes of the unreleased songs "Lovers in the Cold" ("Walking in the Street") and "Lonely Night in the Park" surfaced in 2005, when they made their debut on <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Radio" title="E Street Radio">E Street Radio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201653-89">[85]</a> "Janey Needs a Shooter" was later re-worked by Springsteen and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Zevon" title="Warren Zevon">Warren Zevon</a> into the track "Jeannie Needs a Shooter" for Zevon's 1980 album <a href="/wiki/Bad_Luck_Streak_in_Dancing_School" title="Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School">Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201653-89">[85]</a> A 2019 recording of the original "Janey Needs a Shooter" was released on Springsteen's 2020 album <a href="/wiki/Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Letter to You</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_lyrics">Music and lyrics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music and lyrics">edit</a>]</div> The music on Born to Run includes styles such as <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegev201367:_pop_rock-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202069–70:_rock_and_roll,_R&B,_and_folk-rock-92">[88]</a> The author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ames_Carlin" title="Peter Ames Carlin">Peter Ames Carlin</a> states that the album captures "the essence of fifties rock 'n' roll and the <a href="/wiki/Beatnik" title="Beatnik">beatnik</a> poetry of sixties folk-rock, projected onto the battered spirit of mid-seventies America".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012200–201-93">[89]</a> Springsteen wrote most of the songs on piano,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202069–70-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRR-95">[91]</a> which Kirkpatrick felt gave them "a particular melodic feel".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200736-96">[92]</a> Springsteen later said Bittan's piano "really defined the sound" of the album.<a href="#cite_note-Zimny-97">[93]</a> The record's production is similar to Phil Spector's Wall of Sound,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202069–70-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a> in which layers of instruments and complex arrangements are combined to make each song resemble a symphony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201043–44-99">[95]</a> Springsteen said that he wanted Born to Run to sound like "<a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a> singing <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, produced by Spector".<a href="#cite_note-Fricke2009-100">[96]</a> He used Orbison's style for his vocal delivery and <a href="/wiki/Duane_Eddy" title="Duane Eddy">Duane Eddy</a> as inspiration for his guitar parts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201043–44-99">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012201-101">[97]</a> The writer Frank Rose emphasized Springsteen's homage to girl groups from the 1960s, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Shirelles" title="The Shirelles">the Shirelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ronettes" title="The Ronettes">the Ronettes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Shangri-Las" title="The Shangri-Las">the Shangri-Las</a>, ones who embellished themes of heartbreak and <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> sounds produced by Spector.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010128:_Frank_Rose-102">[98]</a> The songs feature musical introductions that set the tone and scene for each.<a href="#cite_note-Zimny-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fricke2009-100">[96]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Lyrically, I was entrenched in classic rock and roll images, and I wanted to find a way to use those images without their feeling anachronistic. ... [Born to Run] was the album where I left behind my adolescent definitions of love and freedom ... [it] was the dividing line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen200343–47-103">[99]</a> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Bruce Springsteen, Songs, 2003</cite></div> </div> Springsteen envisioned the album's songs as taking place during one summer day and night.<a href="#cite_note-CRR-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010114-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoS45Reasons-105">[101]</a> According to the writer <a href="/wiki/Louis_Masur" title="Louis Masur">Louis Masur</a>, the album is centrally driven by "loneliness and the search for companionship".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201065-106">[102]</a> The characters are regular people<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010116-107">[103]</a> who are lost<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200741-108">[104]</a> and feel trapped in their lives; different places, such as streets and roads, offer a way out but are not ideal places.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010110-109">[105]</a> Described by Treble's Hubert Vigilla as a "four corners approach" to album sequencing,<a href="#cite_note-Treble-110">[106]</a> both sides of the original LP began with songs that were optimistic and promised hope and ended with songs of betrayal and pessimism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012123-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoS45Reasons-105">[101]</a> Across the album's eight songs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201072-111">[107]</a> Springsteen writes about the night and the city ("Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", "Backstreets", and "Meeting Across the River"); an irresistible real or imaginary woman ("She's the One"); the enslavement of the working class ("Night"); and the highway as a means of escape and coming-of-age journey ("Thunder Road", "Born to Run", and "Jungleland").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202068–69-112">[108]</a> The journalist Veronika Hermann noted the album is mostly driven by actions such as running, meeting, hiding, and driving.<a href="#cite_note-Hermann-113">[109]</a> Born to Run was written during a time when the idea of the American Dream was unobtainable to many Americans in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202068–69-112">[108]</a> Carlin writes that Springsteen's hopeful songs, containing ideals such as that a road can take you anywhere, were "stunning" during a period marked by assassinations, war, political corruption, and collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> subculture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012200–201-93">[89]</a> Hermann analyzed the lyrics as experiments in <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a>, arguing that the "heroes and heroines of Born to Run are facing the loss of security and stability, [and] facing the consequences of a lost war," leading to the choice to run away from the "American dream".<a href="#cite_note-Hermann-113">[109]</a> Springsteen worked a "very, very long" time writing the lyrics because he wanted to avoid tropes of "classic rock 'n' roll clichés", turning them instead into fully developed and emotional characters: "It was the beginning of the creation of a certain world that all my others would refer back to, resonate off of, for the next 20 or 30 years."<a href="#cite_note-Zimny-97">[93]</a> The songs are largely autobiographical, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">noir</a>-like <a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movies</a> Springsteen enjoyed at the time;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200736-96">[92]</a> he wanted to experience and capture new ideals based on his life experiences at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Zimny-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202068–69-112">[108]</a> Like his first two albums, Born to Run includes religious imagery, specifically the idea of "searching",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010115-114">[110]</a> although it is undercut by a darker, apocalyptic landscape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200741-108">[104]</a> Unlike Greetings and Wild, however, most of the songs on Born to Run are not specifically tied to New Jersey and New York, instead shifting to all of the United States in an attempt to be more accessible to a wider audience.<a href="#cite_note-CRR-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202068–69-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010109-116">[112]</a> Springsteen has said that "most of the songs are about being nowhere".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010100-117">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side_one">Side one</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Side one">edit</a>]</div> "Thunder Road" is an invitation to travel on a long journey,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202076–78-67">[64]</a> taking inspiration from the 1958 <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_(1958_film)" title="Thunder Road (1958 film)">film of the same name</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> The song's narrator pleads with a romantic partner to join him in leaving their life behind to start anew,<a href="#cite_note-AMBack-118">[114]</a> believing there is no time to wait and they must act now.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201066-119">[115]</a> Masur argues the song "lays out hopes and dreams, and the remainder of the album is an investigation into whether, and in what ways, they can be realized".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201070-120">[116]</a> Kirkpatrick believes the track to be a rewritten version of Wild's "<a href="/wiki/Rosalita_(Come_Out_Tonight)" title="Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)">Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)</a>" with a "less innocent, more realistic perspective".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200742-121">[117]</a> Described by <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>'s Kenneth Partridge as a "five-minute pop opera",<a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a> the music builds throughout the runtime;<a href="#cite_note-AMTR-123">[119]</a> the instruments join in as the narrator's vision solidifies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012120-124">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>'s James Gerard characterizes the tone as more melancholic than uplifting.<a href="#cite_note-AMTR-123">[119]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_(51412969777).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man on stage holding a guitar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg/180px-Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg/270px-Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg/360px-Miami_Steve_Van_Zandt_2_%2851412969777%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a>, pictured in 1983, composed the horn arrangement for "<a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>" on the spot in the studio, and joined the <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a> shortly thereafter.</figcaption></figure> "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" follows a character named Bad Scooter who is "searching for his groove" and "a place to fit in".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201071-125">[121]</a> Part autobiographical and part mythological,<a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a> the song tells Springsteen and the E Street Band's story as they struggle to find commercial success up to that point; they find success after the "Big Man" (Clemons on saxophone) joins the band in the third verse.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMBack-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMFreeze-126">[122]</a> Musically, it is a funky R&B song led by brass horns;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMFreeze-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743-127">[123]</a> the authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon compared it to the sound of a <a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax</a> record.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a> In his 2003 book Songs, Springsteen described "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" as a "band bio and block party".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen200343–47-103">[99]</a> "Night", the shortest song on the album,<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a> follows a man who is a slave to the working life. He dreads working his nine-to-five job, but his love for drag racing motivates him to work so he can live for the night.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201076-128">[124]</a> Similar to other album tracks, it uses the highway as a means for escape.<a href="#cite_note-129">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202082–83-69">[66]</a> Musically, the song contains various minor and major <a href="/wiki/Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">key</a> shifts in the music; Masur argues the minor key "condemns the monotonous world of daytime work" and the major key "offers the possibilities of screeching off into the night".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201075-130">[125]</a> Margotin and Guesdon highlight the wall of sound production and compare its rock-and-roll sound to <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202082–83-69">[66]</a> "Backstreets" features a long piano-led intro.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202084–85-131">[126]</a> Described by Masur as "operatic and theatrical",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201078-132">[127]</a> the band took inspiration from various Dylan and Orbison songs for the instrumental parts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202084–85-131">[126]</a> The song tells the story of the narrator's friendship with an individual named Terry, using both realistic and poetic imagery. The two become close until their relationship is broken after Terry leaves the narrator for someone else, after which the narrator "reflects that he and Terry did not turn out to be the heroes 'we thought we had to be'". Terry's gender is unclear, leading some reviewers to interpret the relationship as homosexual.<a href="#cite_note-133">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMBack-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Treble-110">[106]</a> The song contains autobiographical elements related to Springsteen's youth, with cinematic references.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202084–85-131">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side_two">Side two</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Side two">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruce_Springsteen_-_Born_to_Run_sample.ogg" title="File:Bruce Springsteen - Born to Run sample.ogg">"Born to Run"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="17" data-mwtitle="Bruce_Springsteen_-_Born_to_Run_sample.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4d/Bruce_Springsteen_-_Born_to_Run_sample.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/4/4d/Bruce_Springsteen_-_Born_to_Run_sample.ogg/Bruce_Springsteen_-_Born_to_Run_sample.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">"Born to Run" combines a Wall of Sound production with anthemic lyrics about escaping from a depressing life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> "Born to Run" uses the automobile as a means to escape from a depressing life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a> The characters, described as "tramps",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201083-136">[129]</a> include the narrator and a girl named Wendy. The former works a dreary job, "sweating out" the "runaway American dream", and joins a car community at night.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743-127">[123]</a> He tells Wendy the town they live in is a "death trap" and they need to leave "while [they're] young" because "tramps like us ... were born to run".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> Reviewers have analyzed the song's anthemic message as containing both an "underlying sadness"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a> and "a feeling of desperation",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743-127">[123]</a> as the narrator promises Wendy they will one day reach the promised land, but he does not know when. He simply wants to run away with her to "help him discover if his youthful notions of love are real", and "pledges his desire to die with her in the street" and love her "with all the madness in [his] soul".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743-127">[123]</a> The song's music combines rock and roll and hard rock with rockabilly, jazz, and Tin Pan Alley,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200733-32">[30]</a> complete with a Wall of Sound production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> AllMusic's Jason Ankeny described the song as "a celebration of the rock & roll spirit, capturing the music's youthful abandon, delirious passion, and extraordinary promise with cinematic exhilaration".<a href="#cite_note-AnkenyBorn-137">[130]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man playing a double bass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Richard_Davis.jpg/180px-Richard_Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Richard_Davis.jpg/270px-Richard_Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Richard_Davis.jpg/360px-Richard_Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davis_(bassist)" title="Richard Davis (bassist)">Richard Davis</a>, pictured in 1987, played <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a> on "<a href="/wiki/Meeting_Across_the_River" title="Meeting Across the River">Meeting Across the River</a>".</figcaption></figure> "She's the One" is about the narrator's complete obsession for a girl.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012202-138">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201087–88-139">[132]</a> The girl, however, is a liar and bad for him, yet he keeps returning to her.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200742-121">[117]</a> Springsteen never revealed the song's inspiration, although Margotin and Guesdon suggest it was Karen Darvin, Springsteen's girlfriend at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202090–91-38">[36]</a> The song musically incorporates a <a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley_beat" title="Bo Diddley beat">Bo Diddley beat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202090–91-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012202-138">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201087–88-139">[132]</a> The jazzy<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> "Meeting Across the River" musically and lyrically departs from the previous songs,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201089–90-140">[133]</a> utilizing piano and trumpet to create what Margotin and Guesdon describe as a "film noir jazz ambience" that "clashes with the other tracks".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202092–93-68">[65]</a> In it, the narrator and his partner Eddie are small-time gangsters who plan an illegal deal across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, striving for a big score that will earn him a large amount of money to impress his girlfriend.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202092–93-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200743–44-141">[134]</a> With themes of despair and hopelessness, the song ends before a narrative resolution, leaving whether or not the gangsters succeeded ambiguous.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201089–90-140">[133]</a> "Jungleland" takes place in the titular location, where a meeting between gang members at midnight is interrupted by the police.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202094–97-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201091–93-142">[135]</a> With a dark atmosphere,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202094–97-40">[38]</a> the track observes a New Jersey gang member known as the Magic Rat, who escapes law enforcement in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> with his unnamed partner referred to as the "barefoot girl". Towards the end, the Rat and the girl's relationship has broken apart; she leaves him, and he is killed in the streets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200744–45-143">[136]</a> The Rat is gunned down by his "own dream", symbolizing, in Masur's words, that "the runaway American dream will kill us in the end, and the dream of escape is just another version that entraps us".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201091–93-142">[135]</a> Following his demise, destruction continues across the streets until they are left in complete devastation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012202–203-144">[137]</a> Over nine minutes in length,<a href="#cite_note-FarOut-145">[138]</a> the track is led by Springsteen's vocal, Bittan's piano, and Suki Lahav's violin,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202094–97-40">[38]</a> and features an extended saxophone solo from Clemons that lasts for over two minutes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201091–93-142">[135]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artwork_and_packaging">Artwork and packaging</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artwork and packaging">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpringsteenMadison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of a man holding a saxophone with another man peering from behind him, singing into a microphone." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SpringsteenMadison.jpg/220px-SpringsteenMadison.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SpringsteenMadison.jpg/330px-SpringsteenMadison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/SpringsteenMadison.jpg/440px-SpringsteenMadison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3806" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The cover art of Born to Run features Springsteen (right) leaning on the shoulder of <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a> saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a> (left).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a> of Born to Run was taken by the photographer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Meola" title="Eric Meola">Eric Meola</a> at his personal studio on June 20, 1975. Springsteen's busy recording schedule meant he kept missing shooting dates.<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010100-117">[113]</a> When he finally showed up, he brought Clemons,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> whom he wanted on the cover.<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010102-147">[140]</a> Meola shot 900 frames in the three-hour session,<a href="#cite_note-149">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> some of which showed Springsteen under a fire escape, tuning a radio, and with a guitar;<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a> unused shots were used by Columbia for advertising.<a href="#cite_note-151">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010102-147">[140]</a> In the chosen black-and-white shot,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012200–201-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010102-147">[140]</a> Springsteen is holding a guitar while leaning against Clemons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> Springsteen is wearing a black leather jacket, and Clemons is in a white shirt with a striped pattern and wearing a black hat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012200–201-93">[89]</a> Meola said the shot was a clear standout:<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a> "I wanted something that was nearly impossible to print, but beautiful to look at if printed perfectly—somehow innocent yet street-smart."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010102-147">[140]</a> An Elvis Presley pin appears on Springsteen's guitar strap, which he wore to display Presley's inspiration on him as a musician.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010106–107-152">[143]</a> His guitar, a <a href="/wiki/Fender_Telecaster" title="Fender Telecaster">Fender Telecaster</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Fender_Esquire" title="Fender Esquire">Esquire</a> neck,<a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a> later appeared on the covers of <a href="/wiki/Live_1975%E2%80%9385" title="Live 1975–85">Live 1975–85</a> (1986), <a href="/wiki/Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a> (1992), and <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Bruce Springsteen album)">Greatest Hits</a> (1995).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> The Born to Run cover was included in a Rolling Stone readers' poll of the best album covers of all time in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-ReadersPoll-154">[145]</a> Masur called it "classic" and "one of the most iconic images in rock history".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010100-117">[113]</a> The image covers both sides of the LP sleeve; the inside features lyrics and a portrait of Springsteen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202072-22">[20]</a> Columbia's art director <a href="/wiki/John_Berg_(art_director)" title="John Berg (art director)">John Berg</a> created the fold-over sleeve, and Andy Engel was responsible for the typography.<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a> Berg stated that "it probably took a week of negotiating" with the label to create the fold-over cover because "it was breaking the code; we didn't do that unless we had two records".<a href="#cite_note-Louder-146">[139]</a> Landau's name was misspelled as "John" instead of "Jon" on the initial pressings; Columbia printed stickers to cover up the error—reportedly up to 400,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a> A few original pressings have "Meeting Across the River" billed under its initial title "The Heist", and the original album cover has the title handwritten with a broad-nib pen. These copies, known as the "script cover", are very rare and among the most sought after of Springsteen memorabilia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKayeBrewer2008xii-155">[146]</a> Springsteen and Clemons occasionally remade the cover pose onstage during their concerts.<a href="#cite_note-CoS45Reasons-105">[101]</a> The pose has since been imitated by other singers and musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Cheap_Trick" title="Cheap Trick">Cheap Trick</a> on the 1983 album <a href="/wiki/Next_Position_Please" title="Next Position Please">Next Position Please</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mai_Kuraki" title="Mai Kuraki">Mai Kuraki</a> on the cover of her 2001 single "<a href="/wiki/Stand_Up_(Mai_Kuraki_song)" title="Stand Up (Mai Kuraki song)">Stand Up</a>", <a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Ray_Magliozzi" title="Tom and Ray Magliozzi">Tom and Ray Magliozzi</a> on the cover of the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Car_Talk" title="Car Talk">Car Talk</a> compilation Born Not to Run: More Disrespectful Car Songs, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Secretos" title="Los Secretos">Los Secretos</a> for their 2015 album Algo prestado.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCRCovers-156">[147]</a> Outside of music, the <a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">webcomic</a> strip <a href="/wiki/Kevin_and_Kell" title="Kevin and Kell">Kevin and Kell</a> imitated the pose on a Sunday strip entitled "Born to Migrate", featuring Kevin Dewclaw as Springsteen with a carrot and Kell Dewclaw as Clemons with a pile of bones, and the <a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> characters <a href="/wiki/Bert_(Sesame_Street)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bert (Sesame Street)">Bert</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cookie_Monster" title="Cookie Monster">Cookie Monster</a> imitated the pose on the cover of the Sesame Street album Born to Add.<a href="#cite_note-UCRCovers-156">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010148-157">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_and_promotion">Release and promotion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Release and promotion">edit</a>]</div> Springsteen and the E Street Band went on a tour of the U.S. East Coast on July 20, 1975, immediately after mixing on Born to Run was completed; Springsteen approved the final master recording while on the road.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012197–198-158">[149]</a> The tour continued into August, including an all sold-out five-night, ten-show stint at <a href="/wiki/The_Bottom_Line_(venue)" title="The Bottom Line (venue)">the Bottom Line</a> nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012199–200-159">[150]</a> Columbia purchased one-fifth of the venue tickets for rock journalists and media for promotion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200739–40-160">[151]</a> Expectations were high. Clemons remembered: "We were right on the verge. If we had flopped at the Bottom Line, it would have been very detrimental to us emotionally."<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1987-161">[152]</a> The shows were a major success, receiving praise from both critics<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010119–120-162">[153]</a> and from Columbia's former president <a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012199–200-159">[150]</a> Kirkpatrick stated they "showed rock fans and media alike that Springsteen was no creation of industry hype; he was the real deal".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200740-163">[154]</a> Rolling Stone later included the shows in a 1987 list chronicling 20 concerts that changed rock and roll.<a href="#cite_note-Fricke1987-161">[152]</a> Born to Run was accompanied by a $250,000 promotional campaign by Columbia/CBS,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200739-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070–71-164">[155]</a> directed at both consumers and the music industry, led by the executive Glen Brunman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012199–200-159">[150]</a> In the buildup to the album's release, CBS spent $40,000 on advertisements that utilized Springsteen's first two albums and Landau's "I saw rock and roll future and its name is Bruce Springsteen" quote, which had been published in The Real Paper after Landau witnessed Springsteen perform "Born to Run" for the first time live in May 1975.<a href="#cite_note-166">[j]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201648–49-34">[32]</a> The ads increased sales of both albums significantly enough to chart on the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart, barely above number 60, two years after their original releases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012124–125-84">[80]</a> Preorders for Born to Run were upwards of 350,000 units, more than twice the sales of Greetings and Wild combined.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012127-167">[157]</a> Released on August 25, 1975,<a href="#cite_note-release_date-1">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSMaking-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[160]</a> Born to Run peaked at number 3 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs & Tape</a> chart,<a href="#cite_note-bbchart-171">[161]</a> topped the <a href="/wiki/Record_World" title="Record World">Record World</a> chart<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070–71-164">[155]</a> and reached number 36 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">U.K. Albums Chart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UKchart-173">[k]</a><a href="#cite_note-ukchart-174">[163]</a> Elsewhere, Born to Run reached number 7 in Australia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent1993289-175">[164]</a> the Netherlands,<a href="#cite_note-NETHchart-176">[165]</a> and Sweden,<a href="#cite_note-SWEchart-177">[166]</a> 20 in Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-IREchart-178">[167]</a> 26 in Norway,<a href="#cite_note-NORchart-179">[168]</a> 28 in New Zealand,<a href="#cite_note-NZchart-180">[169]</a> and 31 in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-CANchart-181">[170]</a> By the end of 1975, it had sold 700,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012210-182">[171]</a> By 2022, Born to Run was certified <a href="/wiki/RIAA_certification" title="RIAA certification">seven times platinum</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA) in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-169">[159]</a> The album was supported by two singles. The first, "Born to Run" with "Meeting Across the River" as the <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B-side</a>, was released on August 25, 1975,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-28">[26]</a> reached number 23 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012128-183">[172]</a> and proved popular with radio stations and live audiences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012210-182">[171]</a> The second, "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" backed by "She's the One",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-71">[67]</a> appeared in January 1976<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012132-184">[173]</a> and reached number 83.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_hype_and_backlash">Media hype and backlash</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media hype and backlash">edit</a>]</div> The album was highly anticipated and publicized. In October 1975,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010129-185">[174]</a> Springsteen became the first artist to appear on the covers of the magazines <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-UCRMags-186">[175]</a> Time's <a href="/wiki/Jay_Cocks" title="Jay Cocks">Jay Cocks</a> focused on him as an artist,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200745–46-187">[176]</a> while Newsweek's <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Orth" title="Maureen Orth">Maureen Orth</a> focused on Columbia's promotional campaign<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012128-183">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCRMags-186">[175]</a> and the hype surrounding Springsteen,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200745–46-187">[176]</a> insisting that he was an industry-made pop star.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012206-188">[177]</a> The question of hype became a story in itself, as critics wondered if Springsteen was legitimate or the product of record company promotion.<a href="#cite_note-EdwardsNYT-189">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-RockwellNYT-190">[179]</a> The journalist <a href="/wiki/John_Sinclair_(poet)" title="John Sinclair (poet)">John Sinclair</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor_Sun" title="Ann Arbor Sun">Ann Arbor Sun</a> claimed that Dave Marsh and Jon Landau were "co-conspirators on a massive Springsteen hype".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012131-191">[180]</a> Examinations on the hype continued after the album's release with articles by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">BusinessWeek</a> and England's <a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a>, the latter arguing that Springsteen was "no hype" at all because he "is really good", and "'hype' only services artists who do not deserve the attention".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010133-192">[181]</a> In retrospect, Masur stated: "Most of the backlash against Springsteen came in the form of disgust with the hype, not the music, even though writing about the hype only fed the publicity machine."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010132-193">[182]</a> Springsteen was hurt by the media backlash, particularly an article by Henry Edwards in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that slandered both himself and Born to Run.<a href="#cite_note-EdwardsNYT-189">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010133-192">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012129–130-194">[183]</a> He felt that the publicity got out of his control<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012207-195">[184]</a> and Columbia's campaign that labeled him the future of rock and roll was a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010134–135-196">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012130-197">[186]</a> He also reportedly felt a loss of innocence after the album's release, claiming to have reached a low point in the immediate months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010134–135-196">[185]</a> When the backlash subsided, sales tapered off and Born to Run was off the chart after 29 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke19901109-198">[187]</a> In his 1999 book Flowers in the Dustbin, former Rolling Stone and Newsweek writer James Miller wrote that the "mass-marketing" of Springsteen in the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ziggy_Stardust_(character)" title="Ziggy Stardust (character)">Ziggy Stardust</a> in the U.K. led to the notion that "the age of innocence in rock was well and truly over—probably forever".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1999325-199">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Critical reception">edit</a>]</div> Born to Run received highly positive reviews from <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music critics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[189]</a> particularly for its cinematic storytelling and Wall of Sound production.<a href="#cite_note-UCRGuide-13">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> that Springsteen enhances romanticized American themes with his majestic sound, ideal style of rock and roll, evocative lyrics, and an impassioned delivery that defines a "magnificent" album.<a href="#cite_note-MarcusRS-201">[190]</a> In The New York Times, <a href="/wiki/John_Rockwell" title="John Rockwell">John Rockwell</a> described Born to Run as a masterpiece of "punk poetry" and "one of the great records of recent years".<a href="#cite_note-RockwellNYT-190">[179]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> felt that Springsteen condenses a significant amount of American myth into songs, and often succeeds in spite of his tendency for histrionics and "pseudotragic beautiful loser fatalism".<a href="#cite_note-Christgau-202">[191]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:303px;max-width:303px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_(17159078256)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A close-up of man older man with glasses speaking at a conference" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-John_Rockwell_-_Pop_Conference_2015_-_03_%2817159078256%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="2148" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0855_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of an older man smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_0855_copy.jpg/155px-DSC_0855_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_0855_copy.jpg/233px-DSC_0855_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/DSC_0855_copy.jpg/310px-DSC_0855_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="1434" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Born to Run was praised by many <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music critics</a>, including <a href="/wiki/John_Rockwell" title="John Rockwell">John Rockwell</a> (left, 2015) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilburn" title="Robert Hilburn">Robert Hilburn</a> (right, 2012).</div></div></div></div> Several critics expected Born to Run to lead to Springsteen crossing over into mainstream success.<a href="#cite_note-RockwellNYT-190">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-Billboard-203">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pareles-204">[193]</a> Reviewers praised the vocal performances,<a href="#cite_note-Circus-205">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_9-1-75-206">[195]</a> music,<a href="#cite_note-211">[l]</a> and production.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-203">[192]</a> Compared to Springsteen's earlier albums, critics felt the lyrics were more accessible and possessed a "universal quality that transcends the sources and myths he drew upon".<a href="#cite_note-RockwellNYT-190">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-RW-212">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Bangs" title="Lester Bangs">Lester Bangs</a> remarked in <a href="/wiki/Creem" title="Creem">Creem</a> that he is "no longer cramming as many syllables as possible into every line".<a href="#cite_note-Creem-208">[197]</a> The performances of the E Street Band were also highlighted, particularly Clemons.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-203">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sounds-213">[201]</a> Some critics, including Bangs and Cocks,<a href="#cite_note-Creem-208">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010129:_Jay_Cocks,_''Time''-214">[202]</a> hailed Springsteen as a visionary destined to save the rock genre<a href="#cite_note-215">[203]</a> from, in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holden" title="Stephen Holden">Stephen Holden</a>'s words, "its present state of enervation".<a href="#cite_note-Circus-205">[194]</a> Bangs said Springsteen "reminds us what it's like to love rock 'n' roll like you just discovered it, and then seize it and make it your own with certainty and precision".<a href="#cite_note-Creem-208">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilburn" title="Robert Hilburn">Robert Hilburn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> called Born to Run an "essential" album, stating: "It has been a long time since anyone in rock has put so much passion and ambition in an album."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-216">[204]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Circus_(magazine)" title="Circus (magazine)">Circus Raves</a>, Holden placed Born to Run amongst the decade's great albums with <a href="/wiki/Layla_and_Other_Assorted_Love_Songs" title="Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs">Layla</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Next" title="Who's Next">Who's Next</a> (1971), and <a href="/wiki/Exile_on_Main_St." title="Exile on Main St.">Exile on Main St.</a> (1972),<a href="#cite_note-Circus-205">[194]</a> and David McGee placed Springsteen amongst rock greats such as Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>, and Bob Dylan.<a href="#cite_note-McGee-207">[196]</a> Born to Run received negative reviews from a few critics, who found the production excessive and "heavy-handed",<a href="#cite_note-Pareles-204">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aquarian-217">[205]</a> the songs "formulaic",<a href="#cite_note-Aquarian-217">[205]</a> "an effusive jumble" and "undistinguished",<a href="#cite_note-EdwardsNYT-189">[178]</a> and felt Springsteen himself lacked a definitive vocal personality.<a href="#cite_note-NME-218">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Langdon_Winner" title="Langdon Winner">Langdon Winner</a> argued in The Real Paper that, because Springsteen consciously adheres to traditions and standards extolled in <a href="/wiki/Rockism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockism">rock criticism</a>, Born to Run is "the complete monument to rock and roll orthodoxy".<a href="#cite_note-ChristgauBadforRock-219">[207]</a> Mike Jahn of <a href="/wiki/High_Fidelity_(magazine)" title="High Fidelity (magazine)">High Fidelity</a> complained about the songwriting, believing Springsteen was becoming typecast as a "character composer" after three albums.<a href="#cite_note-HF-220">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Carr" title="Roy Carr">Roy Carr</a> of the NME unfavorably compared Springsteen to David Bowie, believing he lacked the latter's "breath of vision".<a href="#cite_note-NME-218">[206]</a> Carr also found the music uninspired and argued Springsteen himself "often tries too hard, going right over the top on many occasions as a result".<a href="#cite_note-NME-218">[206]</a> More moderately, Jerry Gilbert of <a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a> believed Born to Run was not as "essential" as Greetings and Wild, but had enough "distinction" from the two albums to stand on its own: "I have grown to love it but newcomers to Bruce's music would be better advised to check out what the critics have been raving about in the past. Old fans will need to persevere."<a href="#cite_note-Sounds-213">[201]</a> Born to Run was voted the third best album of 1975 in the <a href="/wiki/Pazz_%26_Jop" title="Pazz & Jop">Pazz & Jop</a>, an annual critics poll run by <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">the Band</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Basement_Tapes" title="The Basement Tapes">The Basement Tapes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Horses_(album)" title="Horses (album)">Horses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[209]</a> Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it 12th on his own year-end list.<a href="#cite_note-222">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tours_and_Appel_lawsuit">Tours and Appel lawsuit</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tours and Appel lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_tours" title="Born to Run tours">Born to Run tours</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photograph of seven men standing in a hallway. One is kneeling in the center while three stand on his left and three on his right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg/200px-Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg/300px-Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg/400px-Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>Springsteen (center, kneeling) and the <a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a> in February 1977</figcaption></figure> Springsteen and the E Street Band—Bittan, Clemons, Federici, Tallent, Weinberg, and Van Zandt—continued touring the U.S. throughout the remainder of 1975 to promote Born to Run, performing to larger audiences following the album's success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012210–211-223">[211]</a> In mid-November, the band traveled to Europe to perform their first shows outside North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012211–212-224">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201661-225">[213]</a> The first gigs were two performances at the <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammersmith Odeon">Hammersmith Odeon</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012211–212-224">[212]</a> Springsteen was displeased with the venue's advertisements, personally tearing down the lobby posters and ordered the buttons with Landau's "future of rock and roll" quote printed on them not be given out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012130–131-226">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012212–213-227">[215]</a> The first show drew mixed reviews from British reviewers. While his stage presence was positively received, others noted the difference in British and American cultures equated to poor audience responses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010136–138-228">[216]</a> Springsteen thought the show was a disaster.<a href="#cite_note-231">[m]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201661-225">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012212–213-227">[215]</a> Upon their return to the U.S., the band played five sold-out shows at the <a href="/wiki/Tower_Theater_(Pennsylvania)" title="Tower Theater (Pennsylvania)">Tower Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> at the end of December.<a href="#cite_note-233">[n]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012213-234">[220]</a> By 1976, Springsteen had disagreements with Appel over the direction of his career; Appel wanted to capitalize on Born to Run's success with a <a href="/wiki/Live_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Live album">live album</a>, while Springsteen wanted to return to the studio with Landau.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012144-235">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200749–51-236">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201660-237">[223]</a> Springsteen was also concerned with the lack of personal revenue given the album's success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201661–62-238">[224]</a> Realizing that the terms of his record contract were unfavorable, he sued Appel in July 1976 for ownership of his work. The resulting legal proceedings prevented him from recording in a studio for almost a year,<a href="#cite_note-240">[o]</a> during which he continued touring with the E Street Band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-CameronGuardian-241">[226]</a> The second leg of the Born to Run Tour, nicknamed the Chicken Scratch tour, ran from March to May throughout the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012223-242">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012137-243">[228]</a> Springsteen wrote new material on the road and at his farm home in <a href="/wiki/Holmdel_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Holmdel Township, New Jersey">Holmdel, New Jersey</a>, reportedly amassing between 40 and 70 songs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-CameronGuardian-241">[226]</a> He continued performing for nine months between August 1976 and May 1977, dubbed the Lawsuit tour, debuting new songs such as "Something in the Night" and "The Promise" that became live favorites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012226-244">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012146–149-245">[230]</a> The lawsuit reached a settlement on May 28, 1977; Springsteen bought out his contract with Appel, who received a lump sum and a share of <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalties</a> from the first three albums.<a href="#cite_note-246">[p]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200749–51-236">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201668–70-247">[231]</a> Springsteen and the band immediately entered the studio to record the follow-up to Born to Run at the start of June, with Landau co-producing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012149–150-248">[232]</a> The recording sessions lasted nine months<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012245-249">[233]</a> as Springsteen demanded perfection from the musicians and moved between different studios.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a> The album, <a href="/wiki/Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a>, was finally released in June 1978, three years after Born to Run.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201671-250">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> The success of Born to Run saved Springsteen's career<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-251">[235]</a> and launched him to stardom.<a href="#cite_note-UCR-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012133–134-252">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCRRockAlbums-253">[237]</a> The album established a solid national fan base for Springsteen, which he built on with each subsequent release.<a href="#cite_note-mtv-254">[238]</a> According to Kirkpatrick, it "not only gave Springsteen his first hit record, it transformed seventies rock music while pushing the boundaries of what a singer-songwriter could achieve within the rock genre".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200745-255">[239]</a> Hilburn and Carlin compare Born to Run to albums that "established a sound and identity powerful enough to permanently alter the perceptions of those who heard it", including Elvis Presley's <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley_(album)" title="Elvis Presley (album)">first album</a> (1956) and <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Sessions" title="The Sun Sessions">The Sun Sessions</a> (1976), the Beatles' American debut <a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Beatles!" title="Meet the Beatles!">Meet the Beatles!</a> (1964), Bob Dylan's <a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Revisited" title="Highway 61 Revisited">Highway 61 Revisited</a> (1965) and <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a> (1966), and <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nevermind" title="Nevermind">Nevermind</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHilburn198568:_''The_Sun_Sessions''_and_''Highway_61_Revisited''-256">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012203-257">[241]</a> Some critics argued Born to Run represented an amalgamation of the previous two decades of rock and roll that would push the next two decades of rock and beyond forward.<a href="#cite_note-UCRBest-258">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012203-257">[241]</a> In a 2005 article in Treble, Hubert Vigilla referred to the album as "the Great American Rock and Roll Record".<a href="#cite_note-Treble-110">[106]</a> Springsteen and the E Street Band have performed Born to Run in its entirety on several occasions,<a href="#cite_note-CRR-95">[91]</a> including at the <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Count Basie Center for the Arts">Count Basie Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Red_Bank,_New_Jersey" title="Red Bank, New Jersey">Red Bank, New Jersey</a>, on May 7, 2008,<a href="#cite_note-259">[243]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Center" title="United Center">United Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, on September 20, 2009,<a href="#cite_note-260">[244]</a> and other shows on the fall 2009 leg of the <a href="/wiki/Working_on_a_Dream_Tour" title="Working on a Dream Tour">Working on a Dream Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[245]</a> It was also partly or entirely performed on certain shows of the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_World_Tour" title="Wrecking Ball World Tour">Wrecking Ball World Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-njcom-262">[246]</a> The full album was again performed on June 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Building_Society_Arena" title="Coventry Building Society Arena">Ricoh Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, England, and dedicated to the memory of the actor <a href="/wiki/James_Gandolfini" title="James Gandolfini">James Gandolfini</a>, who had died of a heart attack the previous day.<a href="#cite_note-264">[q]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gandolfini-263">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> The success of Born to Run was tied to the fears of growing old held by a generation of late teenagers. Having missed the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat</a> era and 1960s <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">anti-war</a> movements, teenagers in the mid-1970s felt disconnected in an era of political turmoil with the Vietnam War and the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_resignation_speech" title="Richard Nixon's resignation speech">resignation</a> of president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010111–112-265">[248]</a> The decade was also plagued by <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a> that affected <a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class Americans</a>, resulting in the loss of the American dream for many.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-266">[249]</a> Commentators note that Born to Run collectively captured the ideals of an entire generation of American youths<a href="#cite_note-week-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paste70s-267">[250]</a> and "spoke to the cultural shift" between the 1960s and 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010111–112-265">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Zeitz" title="Joshua Zeitz">Joshua Zeitz</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> summarized: "Springsteen embodied the lost '70s—the tense, political, working-class rejection of America's limitations."<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-266">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Far_Out_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Out (magazine)">Far Out</a>'s Tim Coffman argued that Springsteen effectively embodied what it meant to be "a down-and-out working-class kid in America, dreaming of a better life".<a href="#cite_note-FarOut-145">[138]</a> Springsteen himself stated in 2005:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010112–113-268">[251]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The thing people tend to forget about Born to Run is that it was post-Watergate, post-Vietnam. People just didn't feel that young anymore, and that is part of what made that record present because I was dealing with a lot of classic rock imagery and classic rock sounds but I was writing in a particular moment when people had sort of their legs cut out from underneath them.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrospective_reviews">Retrospective reviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Retrospective reviews">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;font-size:100%">Retrospective reviews</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/17px-Star_half.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/22px-Star_half.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-Kot-269">[252]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Christgau%27s_Record_Guide:_Rock_Albums_of_the_Seventies" title="Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies">Christgau's Record Guide</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">A<a href="#cite_note-CG-270">[253]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" title="The Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Encyclopedia of Popular Music</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarkin20111,957-271">[254]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/MusicHound" title="MusicHound">MusicHound Rock</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraff1996638–639-272">[255]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/New_Musical_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="New Musical Express">New Musical Express</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">9/10<a href="#cite_note-273">[256]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-274">[257]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stone_Album_Guide" title="The Rolling Stone Album Guide">The Rolling Stone Album Guide</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffield2004771–773-275">[258]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">Sputnikmusic</td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">5/5<a href="#cite_note-276">[259]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hull_(critic)" title="Tom Hull (critic)">Tom Hull – on the Web</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">B+<a href="#cite_note-277">[260]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Retrospective reviewers consider Born to Run a masterpiece<a href="#cite_note-279">[r]</a> and one of Springsteen's best works.<a href="#cite_note-286">[s]</a> It has been described as a timeless record<a href="#cite_note-Slate-287">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoS45Reasons-105">[101]</a> that set the stage for a career marked by a signature, distinctive sound and lyrics detailing aspirations towards the American dream.<a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCRRockAlbums-253">[237]</a> Further praise was given to the instrumentation between Springsteen and the E Street Band,<a href="#cite_note-Paste70s-267">[250]</a> and for its improvements over its predecessor, Wild.<a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoS45Reasons-105">[101]</a> Lou Thomas of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Music" title="BBC Music">BBC Music</a> described the album as "a classic, honest musical expression of hope, dreams and survival".<a href="#cite_note-bbcrev-288">[269]</a> Another writer from <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, Michael Hann, said Born to Run was "the album where Springsteen starts to make the transition from a musician to an idea, a representation of a set of personal and musical values".<a href="#cite_note-GuardBest-282">[264]</a> Despite its acclaim, Born to Run has attracted negative attention from writers who feel the production is "too overblown",<a href="#cite_note-PMK&M-289">[270]</a> and presents Springsteen as "more of a synthesist than an innovator".<a href="#cite_note-Kot-269">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>'s William Ruhlmann conversely argues that "to call [the album] overblown is to miss the point", as doing so was Springsteen's intention, concluding that "it declared its own greatness with songs and a sound that lived up to Springsteen's promise".<a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a> In a later piece for <a href="/wiki/Blender_(magazine)" title="Blender (magazine)">Blender</a> magazine, Christgau wrote that the record's major flaw was its pompous declaration of greatness, typified by elements such as the "wall-of-sound, <a href="/wiki/White_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="White soul">white-soul</a>-at-the-opera-house" aesthetic and an "unresolved quest narrative". Nonetheless, he maintained Born to Run was important for how "its class-conscious songcraft provided a relief from the emptier pretensions of late-hippie <a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">arena-rock</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Blender-290">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/PopMatters" title="PopMatters">PopMatters</a> writer Christopher John Stephens argued the album's strengths can be viewed as its weaknesses.<a href="#cite_note-PopMatters-291">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rankings">edit</a>]</div> Born to Run has frequently appeared on lists of the greatest albums of the 1970s<a href="#cite_note-UCRRockAlbums-253">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paste70s-267">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-AS70s-292">[273]</a> and of all time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010147-293">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-251">[235]</a> NME's Matthew Taub argued that Born to Run is "probably the single best rock album of the 1970s, and easily one of the finest ever recorded".<a href="#cite_note-NMEBest-280">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Songwriter" title="American Songwriter">American Songwriter</a> included it in a 2023 list compiling 10 albums that shaped the 1970s music landscape.<a href="#cite_note-AS70s-292">[273]</a> In 1987, Rolling Stone ranked it number 8 in a list of the "100 Best Albums of the Last Twenty Years"<a href="#cite_note-RS1987-294">[275]</a> and in 2003, the magazine ranked it 18th on its list of <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a>,<a href="#cite_note-295">[276]</a> maintaining the rating in a 2012 revision and dropping a few slots to number 21 in the 2020 reboot of the list.<a href="#cite_note-296">[277]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> included Born to Run in a list compiling the 100 most important albums in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010147-293">[274]</a> A year later, the TV network <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a> named it the 27th-greatest album of all time,<a href="#cite_note-297">[278]</a> and in 2003, it was ranked as the most popular album of all time in the first <a href="/wiki/Zagat_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagat Survey">Zagat Survey</a> Music Guide.<a href="#cite_note-298">[279]</a> The album was also voted number 20 in the third edition of <a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin" title="Colin Larkin">Colin Larkin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/All_Time_Top_1000_Albums" title="All Time Top 1000 Albums">All Time Top 1000 Albums</a> (2000),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarkin200043-299">[280]</a> and was included in the book <a href="/wiki/1001_Albums_You_Must_Hear_Before_You_Die" title="1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die">1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die</a> (2006).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimeryLydon2006343-300">[281]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a>'s 2024 list of the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_100_Best_Albums" title="Apple Music 100 Best Albums">100 Best Albums</a>, the album ranked number 22.<a href="#cite_note-301">[282]</a> In 2003, Born to Run was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<a href="#cite_note-302">[283]</a> In December 2005, U.S. New Jersey representative <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pallone" title="Frank Pallone">Frank Pallone</a> and 21 co-sponsors sponsored H.Res. 628, a bill that would have celebrated the 30th anniversary of Born to Run and Springsteen's overall career. In general, resolutions honoring native sons are passed with a simple voice vote. The bill failed upon referral to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce">House Committee on Education and the Workforce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reissues">Reissues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reissues">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;font-size:100%">30th Anniversary Edition</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Blender_(magazine)" title="Blender (magazine)">Blender</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-Blender-290">[271]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">A−<a href="#cite_note-EW30-304">[285]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-Guardian30-229">[217]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">10/10<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-115">[111]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">A<a href="#cite_note-Stylus30-305">[286]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Born to Run was reissued in 1977, 1980, and 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar2016198-168">[158]</a> On November 15, 2005,<a href="#cite_note-Jurek30th-306">[287]</a> Columbia reissued the album as an expanded <a href="/wiki/Box_set" title="Box set">box set</a> to mark the album's 30th anniversary. Titled the 30th Anniversary Edition, the package included a remastered <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> version of the original album, and a <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> containing a documentary on the making of the album called Wings for Wheels, and a <a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">concert film</a> of Springsteen and the E Street Band at the Hammersmith Odeon in London on November 18, 1975.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian30-229">[217]</a> Wings for Wheels features interviews with Springsteen and the E Street Band members, with a bonus film of a 1973 performance in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-EW30-304">[285]</a> The 30th Anniversary Edition received critical acclaim, with several praising the remastered sound.<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stylus30-305">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jurek30th-306">[287]</a> Wings for Wheels won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Grammy Award for Best Music Film">Best Long Form Music Video</a> at the <a href="/wiki/49th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="49th Annual Grammy Awards">49th Annual Grammy Awards</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-307">[288]</a> In 2014, a new remaster by the engineer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ludwig" title="Bob Ludwig">Bob Ludwig</a> was included in <a href="/wiki/The_Album_Collection_Vol._1_1973%E2%80%931984" title="The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984">The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984</a>, a box set composed of remastered editions of Springsteen's first seven albums.<a href="#cite_note-308">[289]</a> All seven albums were released separately as single discs for <a href="/wiki/Record_Store_Day" title="Record Store Day">Record Store Day</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-309">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[291]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Track listing">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236635009">.mw-parser-output .tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist td,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tracklist .tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0}</style><div class="track-listing">All tracks are written by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-liner_notes-311">[292]</a><table class="tracklist"><caption>Side one</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_(song)" title="Thunder Road (song)">Thunder Road</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:49</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:11</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Night_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Night (Bruce Springsteen song)">Night</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:00</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Backstreets" title="Backstreets">Backstreets</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">6:30</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Side two</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">Born to Run</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:30</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/She%27s_the_One_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="She's the One (Bruce Springsteen song)">She's the One</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:30</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Meeting_Across_the_River" title="Meeting Across the River">Meeting Across the River</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:18</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Jungleland" title="Jungleland">Jungleland</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">9:34</td></tr><tr class="tracklist-total-length"><th colspan="2" scope="row">Total length:</th><td>39:23</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> Adapted from the liner notes,<a href="#cite_note-liner_notes-311">[292]</a> and Margotin and Guesdon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202076-94-312">[293]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> – vocals, guitar (1–6, 8), harmonica (1), horn arrangement (2)</li></ul> The E Street Band <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bittan" title="Roy Bittan">Roy Bittan</a> – piano (tracks 1–4, 6–8), <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a> (1, 3), <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> (3, 6), organ (4, 6, 8), backing vocals (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a> – saxophones (1–3, 5, 6, 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Tallent" title="Garry Tallent">Garry Tallent</a> – bass guitar (1–6, 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weinberg" title="Max Weinberg">Max Weinberg</a> – drums (1–4, 6, 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Carter_(drummer)" title="Ernest Carter (drummer)">Ernest Carter</a> – drums (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a> – organ (5), glockenspiel (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sancious" title="David Sancious">David Sancious</a> – piano (5), <a href="/wiki/Fender_Rhodes_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Fender Rhodes piano">Fender Rhodes piano</a> (5), synthesizer (5)</li></ul> Additional musicians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a> – backing vocals (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a> – backing vocals (1), horn arrangement (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brecker" title="Randy Brecker">Randy Brecker</a> – trumpet (2, 7), <a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">flugel horn</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael Brecker</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">tenor saxophone</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sanborn" title="David Sanborn">David Sanborn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baritone_saxophone" title="Baritone saxophone">baritone saxophone</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Andre" title="Wayne Andre">Wayne Andre</a> – trombone (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davis_(bassist)" title="Richard Davis (bassist)">Richard Davis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suki_Lahav" title="Suki Lahav">Suki Lahav</a> – violin (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Calello" title="Charles Calello">Charles Calello</a> – string arrangements and conductor (8)</li></ul> Technical <ul><li>Bruce Springsteen – production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a> – production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a> – production (1–4, 6–8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Iovine" title="Jimmy Iovine">Jimmy Iovine</a> – engineering and mixing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Panunzio" title="Thom Panunzio">Thom Panunzio</a>, Corky Stasiak, Dave Thoener, Ricke Delena, Angie Arcuri, Andy Abrams – engineering assistants</li> <li>Louis Lahav – engineering (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Calbi" title="Greg Calbi">Greg Calbi</a> – mastering</li> <li>Paul Prestopino – maintenance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Berg_(art_director)" title="John Berg (art director)">John Berg</a>, Andy Engel – album design</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Meola" title="Eric Meola">Eric Meola</a> – photography</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Charts">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>1975–76 chart performance for Born to Run </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Chart (1975–76) </th> <th scope="col">Peak position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Australian Albums (<a href="/wiki/Kent_Music_Report" title="Kent Music Report">Kent Music Report</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent1993289-175">[164]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Canadian Top Albums (<a href="/wiki/RPM_(magazine)" title="RPM (magazine)">RPM</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CANchart-181">[170]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">31 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Irish Albums (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Recorded_Music_Association" title="Irish Recorded Music Association">IRMA</a>)<a href="#cite_note-IREchart-178">[167]</a> </th> <td align="center">20 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dutch Albums (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Album_Top_100" title="Dutch Album Top 100">Album Top 100</a>)<a href="#cite_note-NETHchart-176">[165]</a> </th> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">New Zealand Albums (<a href="/wiki/Official_New_Zealand_Music_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Official New Zealand Music Chart">RMNZ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-NZchart-180">[169]</a> </th> <td align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Norwegian Albums (<a href="/wiki/VG-lista" title="VG-lista">VG-lista</a>)<a href="#cite_note-NORchart-179">[168]</a> </th> <td align="center">26 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Swedish Albums (<a href="/wiki/Sverigetopplistan" title="Sverigetopplistan">Sverigetopplistan</a>)<a href="#cite_note-SWEchart-177">[166]</a> </th> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">U.K. Albums Chart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<a href="#cite_note-ukchart-174">[163]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">36 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">U.S. (<a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs & Tape</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bbchart-171">[161]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">U.S. (<a href="/wiki/Record_World" title="Record World">Record World</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070–71-164">[155]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>1985 chart performance for Born to Run </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Chart (1985) </th> <th scope="col">Peak position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">U.K. Albums Chart (OCC)<a href="#cite_note-UK2-172">[162]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">17 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>2005 chart performance for Born to Run </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Chart (2005) </th> <th scope="col">Peak position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Italian Albums (<a href="/wiki/Musica_e_Dischi" class="mw-redirect" title="Musica e Dischi">Musica e Dischi</a>)<a href="#cite_note-313">[294]</a> 30th anniversary edition </th> <td style="text-align:center;">41 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">U.S. (<a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bbchart-171">[161]</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">18 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Certifications_and_sales">Certifications and sales</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Certifications and sales">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Certifications and sales for Born to Run </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Region </th> <th scope="col">Certification</th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_recording_certifications" title="List of music recording certifications">Certified units</a>/sales </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Australia (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">ARIA</a>)<a href="#cite_note-AustraliaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-314">[295]</a> </th> <td>2× Platinum </td> <td>140,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Canada (<a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CanadaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-315">[296]</a> </th> <td>2× Platinum </td> <td>200,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Finland (<a href="/wiki/Musiikkituottajat" title="Musiikkituottajat">Musiikkituottajat</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FinlandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-316">[297]</a> </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>25,000<a href="#cite_note-FinlandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-316">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">France (<a href="/wiki/Syndicat_National_de_l%27%C3%89dition_Phonographique" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique">SNEP</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FranceBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-317">[298]</a> </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>100,000* </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ireland (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Recorded_Music_Association" title="Irish Recorded Music Association">IRMA</a>)<a href="#cite_note-IrelandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-318">[299]</a> 30th Anniversary </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>7,500^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Italy (<a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">FIMI</a>)<a href="#cite_note-ItalyBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-319">[300]</a> sales since 2009 </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>25,000* </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Netherlands (<a href="/wiki/NVPI" title="NVPI">NVPI</a>)<a href="#cite_note-NetherlandsBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-320">[301]</a> </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>50,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">New Zealand (<a href="/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ" title="Recorded Music NZ">RMNZ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScapolo2007-321">[302]</a> </th> <td>Platinum </td> <td>15,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Spain (<a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">PROMUSICAE</a>)<a href="#cite_note-SpainBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-322">[303]</a> </th> <td>Gold </td> <td>50,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a>)<a href="#cite_note-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-323">[304]</a> </th> <td>Platinum </td> <td>300,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a>)<a href="#cite_note-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunvideoCertRef-324">[305]</a> Video – 30th Anniversary Edition </th> <td>Platinum </td> <td>50,000^ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United States (<a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a>)<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-169">[159]</a> </th> <td>7× Platinum </td> <td>7,000,000‡ </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align: center;"> <td colspan="3"> * Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(autobiography)" title="Born to Run (autobiography)">Born to Run (autobiography)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-release_date-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-release_date_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-release_date_1-1">b</a> Other sources, including the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>, cite a release date of September 1, 1975.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200740-163">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar2016198-168">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-RIAA-169">[159]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> CBS was the international distributor of Columbia outside of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202020-8">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Most sources say March 1975,<a href="#cite_note-UCR-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012194-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201652-54">[52]</a> while others say February<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202068-55">[53]</a> and April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201054-53">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Randy Brecker also plays the intro on "Meeting Across the River".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202092–93-68">[65]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Springsteen further explored the themes of "Night" on Darkness on the Edge of Town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202082–83-69">[66]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> The writer William Ruhlmann has argued that Springsteen later explored a platonic but powerful friendship between two men in the <a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a> track "<a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jean" title="Bobby Jean">Bobby Jean</a>" (1984).<a href="#cite_note-AMBack-118">[114]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Masur argues that live performances of the song in the late 1970s clarify that Terry is a woman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201080-134">[128]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> These photos were compiled and published in Meola's book Born to Run: The Unseen Photos (2006).<a href="#cite_note-148">[141]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Another shot was later used for the 2024 compilation album <a href="/wiki/Best_of_Bruce_Springsteen" title="Best of Bruce Springsteen">Best of Bruce Springsteen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[142]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> CBS and Columbia reignited promotion for Springsteen after seeing the quote; one executive used the quote on posters for record stores.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012180–181-165">[156]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKchart-173"><a href="#cite_ref-UKchart_173-0">^</a> Born to Run achieved a new peak of number 17 in the U.K. in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-UK2-172">[162]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-McGee-207">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Creem-208">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-MelodyMaker-209">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[199]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> The November 18 performance was filmed and later released on the 30th Anniversary Edition of Born to Run in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian30-229">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-115">[111]</a> The performance appeared as a separate <a href="/wiki/Live_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Live album">live album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon,_London_%2775" title="Hammersmith Odeon, London '75">Hammersmith Odeon, London '75</a>, in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-230">[218]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> The December 31 show was later released as a live album, <a href="/wiki/Tower_Theater,_Philadelphia_1975" title="Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975">Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975</a>, in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-232">[219]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> Springsteen could not record in a studio without a producer approved by Appel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> In 1983, Appel sold his share back to Springsteen, giving Springsteen full ownership of his own music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-239">[225]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt had acted alongside Gandolfini in the television series <a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a> (1999–2007).<a href="#cite_note-Gandolfini-263">[247]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-week-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruhlmann-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBGuide-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FarOut-145">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200745-255">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-Observer-278">[261]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-NMEBest-280">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-UpRBest-281">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCRBest-258">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardBest-282">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-SpinBest-283">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-TelegraphBest-284">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[267]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070_2-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020">Margotin & Guesdon 2020</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200731-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200731_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick2007">Kirkpatrick 2007</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72_4-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020">Margotin & Guesdon 2020</a>, pp. 71–72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolan2012108_5-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFDolan2012">Dolan 2012</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200732_6-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKirkpatrick2007">Kirkpatrick 2007</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016194-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016194_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpringsteen2016">Springsteen 2016</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202020-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202020_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020">Margotin & Guesdon 2020</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliot1992116-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliot1992116_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEliot1992">Eliot 1992</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012102-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolan2012102_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDolan2012">Dolan 2012</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016203-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016203_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpringsteen2016">Springsteen 2016</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-UCRGuide-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCRGuide_13-6">g</a> <a 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Retrieved January 31, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Library+Today&rft.atitle=Librarian+of+Congress+Names+50+New+Recordings+to+the+National+Recording+Registry&rft.date=2004-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ftoday%2Fpr%2F2004%2F04-061.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Ryan, Joal (November 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611152231/http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=32521e2b-a367-4e2e-a196-c9caf59a59d3">"Senate Shows the Boss Who's Boss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=32521e2b-a367-4e2e-a196-c9caf59a59d3">the original</a> on June 11, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Senate+Shows+the+Boss+Who%27s+Boss&rft.date=2005-11-15&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Joal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eonline.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Findex.jsp%3Fuuid%3D32521e2b-a367-4e2e-a196-c9caf59a59d3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EW30-304">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EW30_304-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EW30_304-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Sinclair, Tom (November 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130725184949/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1128504,00.html">"Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1128504,00.html">the original</a> on July 25, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Born+to+Run%3A+30th+Anniversary+Edition+Review&rft.date=2005-11-15&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Few%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C1128504%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stylus30-305">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus30_305-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stylus30_305-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2006" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Barry (January 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510093511/http://stylusmagazine.com/reviews/bruce-springsteen/born-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition.htm">"Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition – Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/bruce-springsteen/born-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stylus+Magazine&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run%3A+30th+Anniversary+Edition+%E2%80%93+Review&rft.date=2006-01-18&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stylusmagazine.com%2Freviews%2Fbruce-springsteen%2Fborn-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jurek30th-306">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jurek30th_306-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jurek30th_306-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurek" class="citation web cs1">Jurek, Thom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/born-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition--mr0001435116">"Born to Run [30th Anniversary Edition] – Bruce Springsteen"</a>. AllMusic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819185819/https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/born-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition--mr0001435116">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2023. Retrieved August 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Born+to+Run+%5B30th+Anniversary+Edition%5D+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.aulast=Jurek&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Frelease%2Fborn-to-run-30th-anniversary-edition--mr0001435116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/awards/49th-annual-grammy-awards">"49th Annual Grammy Awards"</a>. Grammy.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116184654/https://www.grammy.com/awards/49th-annual-grammy-awards">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grammy.com&rft.atitle=49th+Annual+Grammy+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fawards%2F49th-annual-grammy-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Greene, Andy (September 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bruce-springsteen-to-release-remastered-album-box-set-83571/">"Bruce Springsteen to Release Remastered Album Box Set"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606131925/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bruce-springsteen-to-release-remastered-album-box-set-83571/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen+to+Release+Remastered+Album+Box+Set&rft.date=2014-09-14&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fbruce-springsteen-to-release-remastered-album-box-set-83571%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayGeist2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Murray, Nick; Geist, Brandon (April 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/record-store-day-2015-the-ultimate-guide-174279/rock-3-153089/">"Record Store Day 2015: The Ultimate Guide"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226114046/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/record-store-day-2015-the-ultimate-guide-174279/rock-3-153089/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Record+Store+Day+2015%3A+The+Ultimate+Guide&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Geist%2C+Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Frecord-store-day-2015-the-ultimate-guide-174279%2Frock-3-153089%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdiriwira2015" class="citation web cs1">Ediriwira, Amar (March 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thevinylfactory.com/news/record-store-day-2015-the-full-list-of-releases/">"Record Store Day 2015: The full list of releases"</a>. The Vinyl Factory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209060426/https://thevinylfactory.com/news/record-store-day-2015-the-full-list-of-releases/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vinyl+Factory&rft.atitle=Record+Store+Day+2015%3A+The+full+list+of+releases&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Ediriwira&rft.aufirst=Amar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthevinylfactory.com%2Fnews%2Frecord-store-day-2015-the-full-list-of-releases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-liner_notes-311">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liner_notes_311-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-liner_notes_311-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Born to Run (liner notes). Bruce Springsteen. US: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. 1975. PC 33795.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Born+to+Run&rft.place=US&rft.pub=Columbia+Records&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media_notes" title="Template:Cite AV media notes">cite AV media notes</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others_in_cite_AV_media_(notes)" title="Category:CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202076-94-312"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202076-94_312-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020">Margotin & Guesdon 2020</a>, p. 76-94. </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php">"Classifiche"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Musica_e_dischi" title="Musica e dischi">Musica e dischi</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306073547/http://www.musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musica+e+dischi&rft.atitle=Classifiche&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicaedischi.it%2Fclassifiche_archivio.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Titolo" field, search "Born to run". </li> <li id="cite_note-AustraliaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-314"><a href="#cite_ref-AustraliaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_314-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/k9o2q7p7o4awhqx/AACIy6L0vRyXEayNcbS-HgDKa/2008%20Accreds.pdf">"ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2008 Albums"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association" title="Australian Recording Industry Association">Australian Recording Industry Association</a>. Retrieved April 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARIA+Charts+%E2%80%93+Accreditations+%E2%80%93+2008+Albums&rft.pub=Australian+Recording+Industry+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fsh%2Fk9o2q7p7o4awhqx%2FAACIy6L0vRyXEayNcbS-HgDKa%2F2008%2520Accreds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanadaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-315"><a href="#cite_ref-CanadaBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?_gp_search=Born+to+Run%20Bruce+Springsteen">"Canadian album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a>. Retrieved April 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=Music+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusiccanada.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3F_gp_search%3DBorn%2Bto%2BRun%2520Bruce%2BSpringsteen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FinlandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-316">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FinlandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_316-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FinlandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_316-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifpi.fi/tutkimukset-ja-tilastot/kulta-ja-platinalevyt/?ulkomaiset=1&q=Bruce+Springsteen">"Bruce Springsteen"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Musiikkituottajat" title="Musiikkituottajat">Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland</a>. Retrieved February 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruce+Springsteen&rft.pub=Musiikkituottajat+%E2%80%93+IFPI+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifpi.fi%2Ftutkimukset-ja-tilastot%2Fkulta-ja-platinalevyt%2F%3Fulkomaiset%3D1%26q%3DBruce%2BSpringsteen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FranceBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-317"><a href="#cite_ref-FranceBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infodisc.fr/Album_Certifications.php">"French album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a> (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved February 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=InfoDisc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infodisc.fr%2FAlbum_Certifications.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Select BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN and click OK.  </li> <li id="cite_note-IrelandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-318"><a href="#cite_ref-IrelandBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_318-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/gold.htm">"The Irish Charts - 2005 Certification Awards - Gold"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Recorded_Music_Association" title="Irish Recorded Music Association">Irish Recorded Music Association</a>. Retrieved February 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Irish+Charts+-+2005+Certification+Awards+-+Gold&rft.pub=Irish+Recorded+Music+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcharts.ie%2Fawards%2Fgold.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ItalyBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-319"><a href="#cite_ref-ItalyBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/certificazioni/certificazioni.kl#/certifications">"Italian album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana" title="Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana">Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana</a>. Retrieved December 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=Federazione+Industria+Musicale+Italiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fimi.it%2Ftop-of-the-music%2Fcertificazioni%2Fcertificazioni.kl%23%2Fcertifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Select "2016" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Type "Born to Run" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione". </li> <li id="cite_note-NetherlandsBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-320"><a href="#cite_ref-NetherlandsBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_320-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goudplatina.nl/database">"Dutch album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/NVPI" title="NVPI">Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dutch+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Vereniging+van+Producenten+en+Importeurs+van+beeld-+en+geluidsdragers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goudplatina.nl%2Fdatabase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Enter Born to Run in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1985 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScapolo2007-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScapolo2007_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScapolo2007">Scapolo 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-SpainBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-322"><a href="#cite_ref-SpainBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.promusicae.es/listas-semanales/">"Spanish album certifications"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Productores de Música de España">Productores de Música de España</a>. Retrieved August 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+album+certifications&rft.pub=Productores+de+M%C3%BAsica+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.promusicae.es%2Flistas-semanales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Select Álbumes under "Categoría", select 2006 under "Año". Select 1 under "Semana". Click on "BUSCAR LISTA". </li> <li id="cite_note-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef-323"><a href="#cite_ref-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunalbumCertRef_323-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/1020-3358-2">"British album certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=British+Phonographic+Industry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpi.co.uk%2Faward%2F1020-3358-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunvideoCertRef-324"><a href="#cite_ref-United_KingdomBruce_SpringsteenBorn_to_RunvideoCertRef_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/1020-3358-2">"British video certifications – Bruce Springsteen – Born to Run"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+video+certifications+%E2%80%93+Bruce+Springsteen+%E2%80%93+Born+to+Run&rft.pub=British+Phonographic+Industry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpi.co.uk%2Faward%2F1020-3358-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlin2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ames_Carlin" title="Peter Ames Carlin">Carlin, Peter Ames</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bruce0000carl_f9l2/mode/2up">Bruce</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-9182-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-9182-8"><bdi>978-1-4391-9182-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruce&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-9182-8&rft.aulast=Carlin&rft.aufirst=Peter+Ames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbruce0000carl_f9l2%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke1990" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Donald (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7FZAAAAYAAJ">The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14051-147-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14051-147-5"><bdi>978-0-14051-147-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14051-147-5&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7FZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimeryLydon2006" class="citation book cs1">Dimery, Robert; Lydon, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1001AlbumsYouMustHearBeforeYouDie/page/n169/mode/2up">1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die</a> (Revised and Updated ed.). London: Universe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-1371-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7893-1371-3"><bdi>978-0-7893-1371-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Albums+You+Must+Hear+Before+You+Die&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Revised+and+Updated&rft.pub=Universe&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7893-1371-3&rft.aulast=Dimery&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Lydon%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1001AlbumsYouMustHearBeforeYouDie%2Fpage%2Fn169%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolan2012" class="citation book cs1">Dolan, Marc (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brucespringsteen0000dola/mode/2up">Bruce Springsteen and the Promise of Rock 'n' Roll</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-39308-135-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-39308-135-0"><bdi>978-0-39308-135-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruce+Springsteen+and+the+Promise+of+Rock+%27n%27+Roll&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-39308-135-0&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrucespringsteen0000dola%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliot1992" class="citation book cs1">Eliot, Marc (1992). Down Thunder Road: The Making of Bruce Springsteen. New York City: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85965-174-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85965-174-5"><bdi>978-0-85965-174-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Down+Thunder+Road%3A+The+Making+of+Bruce+Springsteen&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85965-174-5&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaar2016" class="citation book cs1">Gaar, Gillian G. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bossbrucesprings0000gaar/mode/2up">Boss: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band – The Illustrated History</a>. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76034-972-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76034-972-4"><bdi>978-0-76034-972-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boss%3A+Bruce+Springsteen+and+the+E+Street+Band+%E2%80%93+The+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-76034-972-4&rft.aulast=Gaar&rft.aufirst=Gillian+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbossbrucesprings0000gaar%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Graff" title="Gary Graff">Graff, Gary</a> (1996). "Bruce Springsteen". In Graff, Gary (ed.). <a href="/wiki/MusicHound" title="MusicHound">MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide</a>. Detroit: <a href="/wiki/Visible_Ink_Press" title="Visible Ink Press">Visible Ink Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-1037-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-1037-1"><bdi>978-0-7876-1037-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen&rft.btitle=MusicHound+Rock%3A+The+Essential+Album+Guide&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Visible+Ink+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-1037-1&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuterman2005" class="citation book cs1">Guterman, Jimmy (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qy3POPU_evQC">Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81397-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81397-9"><bdi>978-0-306-81397-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Runaway+American+Dream%3A+Listening+to+Bruce+Springsteen&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81397-9&rft.aulast=Guterman&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqy3POPU_evQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilburn1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilburn" title="Robert Hilburn">Hilburn, Robert</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/springsteen00hilb/mode/2up">Springsteen</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-18456-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-18456-2"><bdi>978-0-684-18456-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Springsteen&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-684-18456-2&rft.aulast=Hilburn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspringsteen00hilb%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayeBrewer2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaye, Jessica; Brewer, Richard, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8uv4C6LBJ1wC&q=Original+pressings+of+meeting+across+the+river&pg=PR12">Meeting Across the River</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59691-829-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59691-829-0"><bdi>978-1-59691-829-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meeting+Across+the+River&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59691-829-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8uv4C6LBJ1wC%26q%3DOriginal%2Bpressings%2Bof%2Bmeeting%2Bacross%2Bthe%2Briver%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Kent_(historian)" title="David Kent (historian)">Kent, David</a> (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives: Australian Chart Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-11917-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-11917-5"><bdi>978-0-646-11917-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Chart+Book+1970%E2%80%931992&rft.place=St+Ives&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Australian+Chart+Book&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-646-11917-5&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Kirkpatrick" title="Rob Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, Rob</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wordsmusicofbruc00kirk/page/56">The Words and Music of Bruce Springsteen</a>. Santa Barbara: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-27598-938-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-27598-938-5"><bdi>978-0-27598-938-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Words+and+Music+of+Bruce+Springsteen&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-27598-938-5&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwordsmusicofbruc00kirk%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin" title="Colin Larkin">Larkin, Colin</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/All_Time_Top_1000_Albums" title="All Time Top 1000 Albums">All Time Top 1000 Albums</a> (3rd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0493-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0493-2"><bdi>978-0-7535-0493-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Time+Top+1000+Albums&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0493-2&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Larkin_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin Larkin (writer)">Larkin, Colin</a> (2011). "Bruce Springsteen". <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music" title="The Encyclopedia of Popular Music">The Encyclopedia of Popular Music</a> (5th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Press" title="Omnibus Press">Omnibus Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-595-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-595-8"><bdi>978-0-85712-595-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music&rft.place=London&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85712-595-8&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020" class="citation book cs1">Margotin, Philippe; Guesdon, Jean-Michel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nrlRzQEACAAJ">Bruce Springsteen All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell Illustrated</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78472-649-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78472-649-2"><bdi>978-1-78472-649-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruce+Springsteen+All+the+Songs%3A+The+Story+Behind+Every+Track&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+Illustrated&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-78472-649-2&rft.aulast=Margotin&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.au=Guesdon%2C+Jean-Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnrlRzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Marsh" title="Dave Marsh">Marsh, Dave</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/borntorunbrucesp00mars/">Born to Run: The Bruce Springsteen Story</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Dell_Publishing" title="Dell Publishing">Dell Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-440-10694-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-440-10694-4"><bdi>978-0-440-10694-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+to+Run%3A+The+Bruce+Springsteen+Story&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Dell+Publishing&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-440-10694-4&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fborntorunbrucesp00mars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasur2010" class="citation book cs1">Masur, Louis P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/runawaydreamborn00masu">Runaway Dream: Born to Run and Bruce Springsteen's American Vision</a>. New York City: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60819-101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60819-101-7"><bdi>978-1-60819-101-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Runaway+Dream%3A+Born+to+Run+and+Bruce+Springsteen%27s+American+Vision&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60819-101-7&rft.aulast=Masur&rft.aufirst=Louis+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frunawaydreamborn00masu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1999" class="citation book cs1">Miller, James (1999). Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock 'n' Roll, 1947–1977. New York City: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-68486-560-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-68486-560-7"><bdi>978-0-68486-560-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flowers+in+the+Dustbin%3A+The+Rise+of+Rock+%27n%27+Roll%2C+1947%E2%80%931977&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-68486-560-7&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegev2013" class="citation book cs1">Regev, Motti (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=daIRAAAAQBAJ">Pop-Rock Music: Aesthetic Cosmopolitanism in Late Modernity</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Polity_(publisher)" title="Polity (publisher)">Polity</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-74566-173-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-74566-173-5"><bdi>978-0-74566-173-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001143340/https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/daIRAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2023. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop-Rock+Music%3A+Aesthetic+Cosmopolitanism+in+Late+Modernity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-74566-173-5&rft.aulast=Regev&rft.aufirst=Motti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdaIRAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyers2004" class="citation book cs1">Sawyers, June Skinner, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJtWtt0b6vAC">Racing in the Street: A Bruce Springsteen Reader</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Random_House" title="Penguin Random House">Penguin Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200354-1"><bdi>978-0-14-200354-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racing+in+the+Street%3A+A+Bruce+Springsteen+Reader&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-14-200354-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJtWtt0b6vAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScapolo2007" class="citation book cs1">Scapolo, Dean (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wyU5AQAAIAAJ&q=x+platinum">The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006</a>. Wellington: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurienne_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurienne House (page does not exist)">Maurienne House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877443-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877443-00-8"><bdi>978-1-877443-00-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+New+Zealand+Music+Charts+1966%E2%80%932006&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Maurienne+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-877443-00-8&rft.aulast=Scapolo&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyU5AQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dx%2Bplatinum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheffield2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Sheffield" title="Rob Sheffield">Sheffield, Rob</a> (2004). "Bruce Springsteen". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Rolling_Stone_Album_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Rolling Stone Album Guide">The New Rolling Stone Album Guide</a>. London: Fireside. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/771">771–773</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-0169-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-0169-8"><bdi>0-7432-0169-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen&rft.btitle=The+New+Rolling+Stone+Album+Guide&rft.place=London&rft.pages=771-773&rft.pub=Fireside&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7432-0169-8&rft.aulast=Sheffield&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"> Portions posted at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/bruce-springsteen/albumguide">"Bruce Springsteen > Album Guide"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018213604/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/bruce-springsteen/albumguide">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Bruce+Springsteen+%3E+Album+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fartists%2Fbruce-springsteen%2Falbumguide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpringsteen2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Springsteen, Bruce</a> (2016). Born to Run. New York City: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-4151-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-4151-5"><bdi>978-1-5011-4151-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+to+Run&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-4151-5&rft.aulast=Springsteen&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpringsteen2003" class="citation book cs1">Springsteen, Bruce (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/songs0000spri">Songs</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Books" title="Virgin Books">Virgin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0862-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7535-0862-6"><bdi>978-0-7535-0862-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7535-0862-6&rft.aulast=Springsteen&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsongs0000spri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorn+to+Run" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Born_to_Run&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/master/26725">Born to Run</a> at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> (list of releases)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040204191424/http://www.brucespringsteen.net/albums/borntorun.html">Album lyrics and audio samples</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.superseventies.com/springsteen.html">Collection of album reviews</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bruce_Springsteen" title="Template:Bruce Springsteen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bruce_Springsteen" title="Template talk:Bruce Springsteen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bruce_Springsteen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bruce 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title="Soozie Tyrell">Soozie Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Giordano" title="Charles Giordano">Charles Giordano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Clemons" title="Jake Clemons">Jake Clemons</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vini_Lopez" title="Vini Lopez">Vini Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sancious" title="David Sancious">David Sancious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Carter_(drummer)" title="Ernest Carter (drummer)">Ernest Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suki_Lahav" title="Suki Lahav">Suki Lahav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greetings_from_Asbury_Park,_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wild,_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Born to Run</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The River (Bruce Springsteen album)">The River</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_(album)" title="Nebraska (album)">Nebraska</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Love_(album)" title="Tunnel of Love (album)">Tunnel of Love</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Town" title="Lucky Town">Lucky Town</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_of_Tom_Joad" title="The Ghost of Tom Joad">The Ghost of Tom Joad</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rising_(album)" title="The Rising (album)">The Rising</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_%26_Dust" title="Devils & Dust">Devils & Dust</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome:_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Magic (Bruce Springsteen album)">Magic</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_a_Dream" title="Working on a Dream">Working on a Dream</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Wrecking Ball (Bruce Springsteen album)">Wrecking Ball</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_(album)" title="High Hopes (album)">High Hopes</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stars" title="Western Stars">Western Stars</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Letter to You</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Only_the_Strong_Survive_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Only the Strong Survive (Bruce Springsteen album)">Only the Strong Survive</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_1975%E2%80%9385" title="Live 1975–85">Live 1975–85</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Concert/MTV_Plugged" title="In Concert/MTV Plugged">In Concert/MTV Plugged</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_%26_The_E_Street_Band:_Live_in_New_York_City" title="Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City">Live in New York City</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon,_London_%2775" title="Hammersmith Odeon, London '75">Hammersmith Odeon, London '75</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_with_The_Sessions_Band:_Live_in_Dublin" title="Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin">Live in Dublin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_on_Broadway_(album)" title="Springsteen on Broadway (album)">Springsteen on Broadway</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_1979_No_Nukes_Concerts" title="The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts">The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_Archives" title="Bruce Springsteen Archives">Bruce Springsteen Archives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater_3/09/12" title="Apollo Theater 3/09/12">Apollo Theater 3/09/12</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Agora,_Cleveland_1978" title="The Agora, Cleveland 1978">The Agora, Cleveland 1978</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Theater,_Philadelphia_1975" title="Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975">Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Coliseum,_New_York_1980" title="Nassau Coliseum, New York 1980">Nassau Coliseum, New York 1980</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Byrne_Arena,_New_Jersey_1984" title="Brendan Byrne Arena, New Jersey 1984">Brendan Byrne Arena, New Jersey 1984</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LA_Sports_Arena,_California_1988" title="LA Sports Arena, California 1988">LA Sports Arena, California 1988</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottenstein_Center,_Ohio_2005" title="Schottenstein Center, Ohio 2005">Schottenstein Center, Ohio 2005</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ippodromo_delle_Capannelle,_Rome_2013" title="Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013">Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University,_Tempe_1980" title="Arizona State University, Tempe 1980">Arizona State University, Tempe 1980</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Christic_Shows_1990" title="The Christic Shows 1990">The Christic Shows 1990</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Arena,_Buffalo,_NY,_11/22/09" title="HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09">HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottrade_Center,_St._Louis,_MO,_8/23/08" title="Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08">Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion,_Helsinki,_July_31,_2012" title="Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012">Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre,_Albany_1977" title="Palace Theatre, Albany 1977">Palace Theatre, Albany 1977</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Theatre,_Rochester,_NY_1977" title="Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977">Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Summit,_Houston,_TX_December_8,_1978" title="The Summit, Houston, TX December 8, 1978">The Summit, Houston, TX December 8, 1978</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blinded_by_the_Light_(2019_film)#Soundtrack" title="Blinded by the Light (2019 film)">Blinded by the Light: Music from the Motion Picture</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stars#Film" title="Western Stars">Western Stars: Songs from the Film</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Bruce Springsteen album)">Greatest Hits</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_Tracks" title="18 Tracks">18 Tracks</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Bruce_Springsteen" title="The Essential Bruce Springsteen">The Essential Bruce Springsteen</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Bruce_Springsteen_%26_The_E_Street_Band_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band album)">Greatest Hits</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Promise_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The Promise (Bruce Springsteen album)">The Promise</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection:_1973%E2%80%932012" title="Collection: 1973–2012">Collection: 1973–2012</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Verse_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Chapter and Verse (Bruce Springsteen album)">Chapter and Verse</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_of_Bruce_Springsteen" title="Best of Bruce Springsteen">Best of Bruce Springsteen</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Box sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Born_in_the_U.S.A._12%22_Single_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="The Born in the U.S.A. 12" Single Collection">The Born in the U.S.A. 12" Single Collection</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracks_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)">Tracks</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_discography#Box_sets" title="Bruce Springsteen discography">The Collection</a> (2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#30th_Anniversary_Edition">Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_discography#Box_sets" title="Bruce Springsteen discography">The Collection 1973–1984</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Promise:_The_Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story">The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Album_Collection_Vol._1_1973%E2%80%931984" title="The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984">The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ties_That_Bind:_The_River_Collection" title="The Ties That Bind: The River Collection">The Ties That Bind: The River Collection</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Collection" title="Live Collection">Live Collection</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimes_of_Freedom_(EP)" title="Chimes of Freedom (EP)">Chimes of Freedom</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Brothers_(EP)" title="Blood Brothers (EP)">Blood Brothers</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_with_The_Sessions_Band:_Live_in_Dublin" title="Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin">PBS Exclusive</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Tour_Highlights" title="Magic Tour Highlights">Magic Tour Highlights</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(EP)" title="American Beauty (EP)">American Beauty</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_Anthology_/_1978%E2%80%9388" title="Video Anthology / 1978–88">Video Anthology / 1978–88</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Concert/MTV_Plugged" title="In Concert/MTV Plugged">In Concert/MTV Plugged</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Brothers_(1996_film)" title="Blood Brothers (1996 film)">Blood Brothers</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Anthology_/_1978%E2%80%9388" title="Video Anthology / 1978–88">The Complete Video Anthology / 1978–2000</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_%26_The_E_Street_Band:_Live_in_New_York_City" title="Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City">Live in New York City</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Barcelona_(Bruce_Springsteen_video)" title="Live in Barcelona (Bruce Springsteen video)">Live in Barcelona</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_%26_Dust" title="Devils & Dust">Devils & Dust - DualDisc</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="VH1 Storytellers (Bruce Springsteen album)">VH1 Storytellers</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_for_Wheels" class="mw-redirect" title="Wings for Wheels">Wings for Wheels</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon,_London_%2775" title="Hammersmith Odeon, London '75">Hammersmith Odeon, London '75</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome:_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions - DualDisc / American Land Edition</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_with_The_Sessions_Band:_Live_in_Dublin" title="Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin">Live in Dublin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_a_Dream" title="Working on a Dream">Working on a Dream - Deluxe Edition</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Calling:_Live_in_Hyde_Park" title="London Calling: Live in Hyde Park">London Calling: Live in Hyde Park</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Promise:_The_Making_of_Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town">The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Promise:_The_Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story">The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_%26_I" title="Springsteen & I">Springsteen & I</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_U.S.A._Live:_London_2013" title="Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013">Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_MusiCares_Tribute_to_Bruce_Springsteen" title="A MusiCares Tribute to Bruce Springsteen">A MusiCares Tribute to Bruce Springsteen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen%27s_High_Hopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes">Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_in_South_Africa" title="High Hopes in South Africa">High Hopes in South Africa</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_of_Invisible_Game" title="Hunter of Invisible Game">Hunter of Invisible Game</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ties_That_Bind:_The_River_Collection" title="The Ties That Bind: The River Collection">The Ties That Bind</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ties_That_Bind:_The_River_Collection" title="The Ties That Bind: The River Collection">Thrill Hill Vault: The River Tour, Tempe 1980 Concert</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_on_Broadway" title="Springsteen on Broadway">Springsteen on Broadway</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Stars#Film" title="Western Stars">Western Stars</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_You#Bruce_Springsteen's_Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Bruce Springsteen's Letter to You</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legendary_1979_No_Nukes_Concerts" title="The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts">The Legendary 1979 No Nukes Concerts</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023_Tour#Road_Diary:_Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour">Road Diary</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concerts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_tours" title="Born to Run tours">Born to Run tours</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness_Tour" title="Darkness Tour">Darkness Tour</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Tour" title="The River Tour">The River Tour</a> (1980–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_U.S.A._Tour" title="Born in the U.S.A. Tour">Born in the U.S.A. Tour</a> (1984–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Love_Express_Tour" title="Tunnel of Love Express Tour">Tunnel of Love Express</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Now!" title="Human Rights Now!">Human Rights Now!</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_1992%E2%80%931993_World_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour">Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Tom_Joad_Tour" title="Ghost of Tom Joad Tour">Ghost of Tom Joad Tour</a> (1995–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_Reunion_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Reunion Tour">Reunion Tour</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rising_Tour" title="The Rising Tour">Rising Tour</a> (2002–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_for_Change" title="Vote for Change">Vote for Change</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_%26_Dust_Tour" title="Devils & Dust Tour">Devils & Dust Tour</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_with_the_Seeger_Sessions_Band_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen with the Seeger Sessions Band Tour">Seeger Sessions Band Tour</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Tour_(Bruce_Springsteen)" title="Magic Tour (Bruce Springsteen)">Magic Tour</a> (2007–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_a_Dream_Tour" title="Working on a Dream Tour">Working on a Dream Tour</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrecking_Ball_World_Tour" title="Wrecking Ball World Tour">Wrecking Ball World Tour</a> (2012–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_Tour" title="High Hopes Tour">High Hopes Tour</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Tour_(2016)" title="The River Tour (2016)">The River Tour</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_Tour_(2016)#Oceania_leg_/_Summer_'17_Tour" title="The River Tour (2016)">Summer '17</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_on_Broadway" title="Springsteen on Broadway">Springsteen on Broadway</a> (2017–18; 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023%E2%80%932025_Tour" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023–2025 Tour">Springsteen and E Street Band 2023–2025 Tour</a> (2023–25)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Springsteen" title="Jessica Springsteen">Jessica Springsteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Springsteen" title="Pamela Springsteen">Pamela Springsteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Petillo" title="Phil Petillo">Phil Petillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Castello" title="Marie Castello">Marie Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_Johnny" title="Southside Johnny">Southside Johnny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_O%27Brien_(record_producer)" title="Brendan O'Brien (record producer)">Brendan O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Aniello" title="Ron Aniello">Ron Aniello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Scott" title="Toby Scott">Toby Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clearmountain" title="Bob Clearmountain">Bob Clearmountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Plotkin" title="Chuck Plotkin">Chuck Plotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Iovine" title="Jimmy Iovine">Jimmy Iovine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Marsh" title="Dave Marsh">Dave Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Meola" title="Eric Meola">Eric Meola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stefanko" title="Frank Stefanko">Frank Stefanko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Goldsmith" title="Lynn Goldsmith">Lynn Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Clinch" title="Danny Clinch">Danny Clinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Zimny" title="Thom Zimny">Thom Zimny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen_discography" title="Bruce Springsteen discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of songs recorded by Bruce Springsteen">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of awards and nominations received by Bruce Springsteen">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Mill" title="Steel Mill">Steel Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sessions_Band" title="The Sessions Band">The Sessions Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Horns" title="The Miami Horns">The Miami Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(autobiography)" title="Born to Run (autobiography)">Born to Run autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_Street_Radio" title="E Street Radio">E Street Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Garage" title="Underground Garage">Little Steven's Underground Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_Pete" title="Outlaw Pete">Outlaw Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/914_Sound_Studios" title="914 Sound Studios">914 Sound Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_Plant" title="Record Plant">Record Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Station_(recording_studio)" title="Power Station (recording studio)">Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hit_Factory" title="The Hit Factory">The Hit Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Vivino_and_the_Basic_Cable_Band" title="Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band">The Max Weinberg 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlands:_A_Tribute_to_Bruce_Springsteen%27s_Nebraska" title="Badlands: A Tribute to Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska">Badlands: A Tribute to Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greetings_from_E_Street" title="Greetings from E Street">Greetings from E Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstreets_Magazine" title="Backstreets Magazine">Backstreets Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Upstage_Club" title="The Upstage Club">The Upstage Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Pony" title="The Stone Pony">The Stone Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_Telecaster" title="Fender Telecaster">Fender Telecaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Borough,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Borough, New Jersey">Freehold Borough, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park, New Jersey</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Because_the_Night" title="Because the Night">Because the Night</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jersey_Girl_(song)" title="Jersey Girl (song)">Jersey Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Springsteen_(song)" title="Springsteen (song)">Springsteen</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinded_by_the_Light_(2019_film)" title="Blinded by the Light (2019 film)">Blinded by the Light (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliver_Me_from_Nowhere" title="Deliver Me from Nowhere">Deliver Me from Nowhere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bruce_Springsteen" title="Category:Bruce Springsteen">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Music Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film" title="Grammy Award for Best Music Film">Grammy Award for Best Music Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1983–1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran_(1983_video)" title="Duran Duran (1983 video)">Duran Duran</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson%27s_Thriller_(music_video)" title="Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)">Making Michael Jackson's Thriller</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1984)</li> <li>Huey Lewis & The News: The Heart of Rock 'n Roll – <a href="/wiki/Huey_Lewis_and_the_News" title="Huey Lewis and the News">Huey Lewis and the News</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_On_the_Night" title="Bring On the Night">Bring On the Night</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Performance_Music_Video" title="Grammy Award for Best Performance Music Video">Best Performance Music Video</a> (1987−1988)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Prince's Trust All-Star Rock Concert – Various Artists (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_the_Streets_Have_No_Name" title="Where the Streets Have No Name">Where the Streets Have No Name</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1989–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_Nation_1814_(film)" title="Rhythm Nation 1814 (film)">Rhythm Nation 1814</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please_Hammer_Don%27t_Hurt_%27Em" title="Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em">Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie</a> – <a href="/wiki/MC_Hammer" title="MC Hammer">MC Hammer</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blond_Ambition_World_Tour_Live" title="Blond Ambition World Tour Live">Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_(Annie_Lennox_album)" title="Diva (Annie Lennox album)">Diva</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Summoner%27s_Tales" title="Ten Summoner's Tales">Ten Summoner's Tales</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_TV:_Live_from_Sydney" title="Zoo TV: Live from Sydney">Zoo TV: Live from Sydney</a> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_World_Live" title="Secret World Live">Secret World Live</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">The Beatles Anthology</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill,_Live" title="Jagged Little Pill, Live">Jagged Little Pill, Live</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a>: Lou Reed: Rock & Roll Heart – <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a> (1998)</li> <li>Band of Gypsys: Live at Fillmore East – <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a> (1999)</li> <li>Gimme Some Truth: The Making of John Lennon's Imagine Album – <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> (2000)</li> <li>Recording The Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks – <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clash:_Westway_to_the_World" title="The Clash: Westway to the World">Westway to the World</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a> (2002)</li> <li>Legend – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_George_(album)" title="Concert for George (album)">Concert for George</a> – Various Artists (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Direction_Home" title="No Direction Home">No Direction Home</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wings for Wheels: The Making of Born to Run</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_Tour_(album)" title="The Confessions Tour (album)">The Confessions Tour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnin%27_Down_a_Dream_(film)" title="Runnin' Down a Dream (film)">Runnin' Down a Dream</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Together_Now_(2008_film)" title="All Together Now (2008 film)">The Beatles Love – All Together Now</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/When_You%27re_Strange" title="When You're Strange">When You're Strange: A Film About The Doors</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters:_Back_and_Forth" title="Foo Fighters: Back and Forth">Back and Forth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sharpe_and_the_Magnetic_Zeros#Big_Easy_Express_and_second_studio_album_(Here)" title="Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros">Big Easy Express</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sharpe_and_the_Magnetic_Zeros" title="Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros">Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Crow_Medicine_Show" title="Old Crow Medicine Show">Old Crow Medicine Show</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Live_from_Capitol_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="ITunes Live from Capitol Studios">Live Kisses</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Feet_from_Stardom" title="20 Feet from Stardom">20 Feet from Stardom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Darlene_Love" title="Darlene Love">Darlene Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merry_Clayton" title="Merry Clayton">Merry Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Fischer" title="Lisa Fischer">Lisa Fischer</a> & <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hill" title="Judith Hill">Judith Hill</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_(2015_film)" title="Amy (2015 film)">Amy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Eight_Days_a_Week" title="The Beatles: Eight Days a Week">The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones_(TV_series)" title="The Defiant Ones (TV series)">The Defiant Ones</a> – Various Artists (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_(film)" title="Quincy (film)">Quincy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecoming:_A_Film_by_Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé">Homecoming: A Film by Beyoncé</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt:_The_Sound_of_My_Voice" title="Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice">Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Soul" title="Summer of Soul">Summer of Soul</a> – Various Artists (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Fest:_A_New_Orleans_Story" title="Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story">Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story</a> – Various Artists (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonage_Daydream_(film)" title="Moonage Daydream (film)">Moonage Daydream</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Symphony_(film)" title="American Symphony (film)">American Symphony</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-fzwz8","wgBackendResponseTime":196,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.264","walltime":"3.581","ppvisitednodes":{"value":44028,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":524852,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":58602,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":684522,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3128.390 1 -total"," 29.64% 927.394 325 Template:Sfn"," 23.60% 738.364 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.15% 473.922 68 Template:Cite_web"," 12.59% 393.931 12 Template:Certification_Table_Entry"," 8.64% 270.256 12 Template:Certification_Cite_Ref"," 7.41% 231.746 12 Template:Cite_certification"," 5.82% 182.197 33 Template:Cite_magazine"," 5.80% 181.547 1 Template:Infobox_album"," 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