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How do I recognise | CCCS
<!DOCTYPE html><html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><title> How do I recognise | CCCS </title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="CCCS" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@CompetitionSG" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/Cwp/CCS/assets/styles/main.css" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:200,300,400,600,700,900" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="canonical" href="http://www.cccs.gov.sg/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/how-do-i-recognise" /><script src="https://assets.wogaa.sg/scripts/wogaa.js"></script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QPKZTNCQR1></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-QPKZTNCQR1'); </script> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/how-do-i-recognise" id="ctl01" autocomplete="off"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="NJcOIJirctzRzP4gpO23K6HQ/dhaW0W+sbXKu9+fJvlZQL4A9dpW9dRiNyP3+bi5D0YcCXUTItEKbjYTg//UpUIpgDT/fvVTvlgrbMlqFtBeV09HCnvVZJ6zPZkdPg4wXIEgZx2YLh8eRgjDre2npg==" /> </div> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="A5E15A0D" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED" id="__VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED" value="" /> </div> <!--[if lt IE 11]> <p class='browsehappy'>You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. 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<div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/legislation/consumer-protection-fair-trading-act/fair-trading-practices-for-beauty-industry"><span>Fair Trading Practices for Beauty Industry</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/legislation/consumer-protection-fair-trading-act/fair-trading-practices-for-the-renovation-industry"><span>Fair Trading Practices for the Renovation Industry</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/legislation/consumer-protection-fair-trading-act/price-transparency-guidelines"><span>Guidelines on Price Transparency</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/legislation/consumer-protection-fair-trading-act/what-happens-if-you-are-misled-into-making-a-purchase"><span>What happens if you are misled into making a purchase?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a class="nav__link" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour"> Anti-competitive Behaviour <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl1 mobileOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu scrollbar-inner"> <div class="nav-megamenu-wrap"> <div class="container"> <ul class="nav__lvl2"> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/anti-competitive-agreements"> <span>Anti-Competitive Agreements</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/anti-competitive-agreements/how-do-i-recognise"><span>How do I recognise an anti-competitive agreement?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/anti-competitive-agreements/more-information"><span>Where can I find more information?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/anti-competitive-agreements/what-can-cccs-do"><span>What can CCCS do?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/anti-competitive-agreements/what-can-i-do"><span>What can I do?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance"> <span>Abuse of Dominance</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/how-do-i-recognise"><span>How do I recognise an abuse of dominance?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/more-information"><span>Where can I find more information?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/what-can-cccs-do"><span>What can CCCS do?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/abuse-of-dominance/what-can-i-do"><span>What can I do?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/mergers"> <span>Anti-Competitive Mergers</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/mergers/how-do-i-recognise"><span>How do I recognise an anti-competitive merger?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/mergers/more-information"><span>Where can I find more information?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/mergers/what-can-cccs-do"><span>What can CCCS do?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/mergers/what-can-i-do"><span>What can I do?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/exclusions-and-exemptions"> <span>Exclusions & Exemptions</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/exclusions-and-exemptions/more-information"><span>Where can I find more information?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/anti-competitive-behaviour/exclusions-and-exemptions/specific-areas"><span>What are the specific areas of exclusion and exemption?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <a class="nav__link" href="/approach-cccs"> Approach Us <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl1 mobileOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu scrollbar-inner"> <div class="nav-megamenu-wrap"> <div class="container"> <ul class="nav__lvl2"> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/making-complaints"> <span>Feedback / Complaints</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/making-complaints/make-a-complaint"><span>Make a Complaint</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/reward-whistle-blowing-scheme"> <span>Reward / Whistle-Blowing Scheme</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger"> <span>Notify a Merger</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger/discussing-a-merger-with-cccs"><span>Discuss a merger with CCCS</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger/how-are-mergers-assessed"><span>How are mergers assessed?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger/how-much-does-its-it-cost"><span>How much does it cost?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger/filing-a-merger-notification-with-cccs"><span>File a merger notification with CCCS</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/notifying-a-merger/format-of-documents-to-submit-to-cccs"><span>Format of documents to submit to CCCS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/seeking-guidance-and-decision"> <span>Seek Guidance and Decision</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/seeking-guidance-and-decision/benefit-from-getting-guidance-or-decision"><span>Benefit from getting guidance or decision</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/seeking-guidance-and-decision/difference-between-guidance-and-decision"><span>Difference between guidance and decision</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/seeking-guidance-and-decision/how-much-does-it-cost"><span>How much does it cost?</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/seeking-guidance-and-decision/ask-for-guidance-or-a-decision"><span>Apply for guidance or a decision</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/file-under-block-exemption-order"> <span>File under Block Exemption Order</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/applying-for-leniency"> <span>Apply for Leniency</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/applying-for-leniency/eligibility"><span>Eligibility for leniency application</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/applying-for-leniency/procedures"><span>Procedures under the leniency programme</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/applying-for-leniency/submit-a-leniency-application"><span>Submit a leniency application</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/cooperating-with-cccs-investigation"> <span>Cooperate with CCCS</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/cooperating-with-cccs-investigation/entry-with-or-without-warrant"><span>Entry With or Without Warrant</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/cooperating-with-cccs-investigation/investigation-procedures"><span>Investigation Procedures</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/cooperating-with-cccs-investigation/notices-for-information-and-documents"><span>Notices for Information and Documents</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/cooperating-with-cccs-investigation/offences-and-sanctions"><span>Offences and Sanctions</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav__lvl2--list"> <a class="lvl2-name" href="/approach-cccs/for-government-agencies"> <span>For Government Agencies</span> <i class="icon-chevron-down js-next-menu-lvl2 mobileOnly"></i> <i class="icon-circle-down js-next-menu-lvl2 desktopOnly"></i> </a> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns"> <div class="nav-megamenu__columns--first"> <ul class="nav-megamenu__listing"> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/for-government-agencies/seeking-advice-by-government-agencies"><span>Seek Advice</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/for-government-agencies/competition-impact-of-government-initiative"><span>Competition Impact of Government Initiatives</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" href="/approach-cccs/for-government-agencies/cccs-past-advices"><span>CCCS's Past Advisories</span></a></li> <li class="lvl3-list"><a class="lvl3-name" 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abuse of dominance?</h1> <div class="text parbase section"> <div class="text"> <p>A two-step test is used to assess whether there is abuse of dominance:</p> <p><strong>Test 1: Whether the undertaking is dominant. A market leader is likely to be dominant when one or more of these factors are satisfied:</strong></p> <ul> <li>It has a market share of 60% and above</li> <li>There are few or no competitors that its customers can go to</li> <li>Its customers do not have significant bargaining power</li> <li>Newcomers find it difficult to enter the market for instance, because of high capital cost or technological barriers</li> </ul> <p><strong>Test 2: If it is dominant, whether it is abusing that dominant position in a market. Being dominant is not against the law. But some dominant undertakings may either block rivals from competing against it or stop rivals from entering the market. Abusive tactics may include:<br> </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Exclusive dealing:</strong> When the dominant undertaking binds other businesses into working exclusively with itself</li> <li><strong>Predatory pricing:</strong> When it sets extremely low prices to drive competitors out of the market</li> <li><strong>Discount schemes:</strong> When it ties its discounts with the purchase of other products and services</li> <li><strong>Refusal to supply:</strong> When it withholds key products or services essential to other businesses.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="social-sharing-widget"> <div class="social-sharing-widget__left"> <p>Last Updated on 14 March 2019</p> </div> <div class="social-sharing-widget__right"> <span class="share-page">Share this page</span> <div class="social-sharing-widget__right--medias"> <ul class="links sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col10-md-2"> <div class="side-nav"> <ul 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