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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-문화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#문화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>문화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-문화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">구걸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 28개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95" title="ভিক্ষুক – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্ষুক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasker-bara" title="Klasker-bara – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klasker-bara" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3k-si%C4%83h" title="Ké̤ṳk-siăh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké̤ṳk-siăh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDebr%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Žebrání – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žebrání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardota" title="Cardota – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cardota" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettler" title="Bettler – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bettler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parseci" title="Parseci – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Parseci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%C3%B4c" title="Pitôc – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pitôc" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggar" title="Beggar – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Beggar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almozpetulo" title="Almozpetulo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Almozpetulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendiant" title="Mendiant – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mendiant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%8E%E9%A3%AF%E6%95%99%E5%AD%90" title="討飯教子 – 간어" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="討飯教子" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="간어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiet-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-%C3%A9" title="Khiet-sṳ̍t-é – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khiet-sṳ̍t-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קבצנות – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבצנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մուրացկանություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուրացկանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peminta-minta" title="Peminta-minta – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peminta-minta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E9%A3%9F" title="乞食 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="乞食" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngemis" title="Ngemis – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ngemis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigger" title="Tigger – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tigger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendigo" title="Mendigo – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mendigo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limusinanti" title="Limusinanti – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Limusinanti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Просјачење – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Просјачење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/miaamay" title="miaamay – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="miaamay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ขอทาน – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขอทาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilencilik" title="Dilencilik – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilencilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B9%9E" title="行乞 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="行乞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3-chia%CC%8Dh" title="Thó-chia̍h – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó-chia̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E9%A3%9F" title="乞食 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乞食" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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못하고 사람 들에게 무능하고 모자란 인간으로 인식되어 천대와 멸시를 받는 경우가 많다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Afghan_girl_begging.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Afghan_girl_begging.jpg/220px-Afghan_girl_begging.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Afghan_girl_begging.jpg/330px-Afghan_girl_begging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Afghan_girl_begging.jpg/440px-Afghan_girl_begging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>2008년 아프가니스탄 카불에서 구걸하는 여자 아이</figcaption></figure><p> 그러나 의외로 대부분 사람들이 가난했던 시절은 주변 사람들의 가족일 수도 있는 거지가 친근함의 대상이기도 했으며 때때로 무시할 수 없는 존재로 표현되기도 했다. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="문화"><span id=".EB.AC.B8.ED.99.94"></span>문화</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="이슬람">이슬람</a>에서는 노동 능력이 있는 사람이 노동을 하지 않고 구걸을 하는 것을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%9E%8C" title="하람">하람</a>으로 보고 있으나 절박한 상황에서의 구걸은 정부나 타인에게 도움을 요청하는 것은 있을 수 있다고 본다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EA%B3%A4" title="빈곤">빈곤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99_%EB%B9%88%EA%B3%A4%EC%B8%B5" title="노동 빈곤층">노동 빈곤층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%88%99%EC%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="노숙자">노숙자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%B6%98%EC%82%BC" title="김춘삼">김춘삼</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">윤길남 (2003). 학위논문(석사) 2013년 3월 19일 확인함.. “거지 설화 연구”. 《전북대학교 교육대학원》.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%A0%84%EB%B6%81%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90+%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EC%9B%90&rft.atitle=%EA%B1%B0%EC%A7%80+%EC%84%A4%ED%99%94+%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC&rft.date=2003&rft.au=%EC%9C%A4%EA%B8%B8%EB%82%A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B5%AC%EA%B1%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yusuf, Al-Qardawi (2011년 7월). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823204148/https://books.google.co.kr/books/about/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%88%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%9D%B4.html?id=JDuDygAACAAJ&redir_esc=y">《이슬람의 허용과 금기》</a> 1판. 서울: 세창출판사. 148쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9788984113374" title="특수:책찾기/9788984113374"><bdi>9788984113374</bdi></a>. 2017년 8월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.kr/books/about/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%88%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B8%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D%EC%9D%B4.html?id=JDuDygAACAAJ&redir_esc=y">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 5월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%9D%98+%ED%97%88%EC%9A%A9%EA%B3%BC+%EA%B8%88%EA%B8%B0&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pages=148&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=%EC%84%B8%EC%B0%BD%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EC%82%AC&rft.date=2011-07&rft.isbn=9788984113374&rft.aulast=Yusuf&rft.aufirst=Al-Qardawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.kr%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2F%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%258A%25AC%25EB%259E%258C%25EC%259D%2598_%25ED%2597%2588%25EC%259A%25A9%25EA%25B3%25BC_%25EA%25B8%2588%25EA%25B8%25B0_%25EC%2595%2584%25EB%259E%258D%25EC%259D%25B4.html%3Fid%3DJDuDygAACAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B5%AC%EA%B1%B8" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283144505171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012880">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566905">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="žebráci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph481725&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016095">스위스 역사 사전</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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