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href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee-pels.org%2Fpels-magazine%2F&format=xml" /> <style id="ubermenu-custom-generated-css"> /** Font Awesome 4 Compatibility **/ .fa{font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-family:FontAwesome;} /** UberMenu Responsive Styles (Breakpoint Setting) **/ @media screen and (min-width: 1025px){ .ubermenu{ display:block !important; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-hide-desktop{ display:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-retractors-responsive .ubermenu-retractor-mobile{ display:none; } /* Top level items full height */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-nav{ display:flex; align-items:stretch; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target{ flex:1; display:flex; align-items:center; flex-wrap:wrap; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-target-divider{ position:static; flex-basis:100%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-item-layout-image_left > .ubermenu-target-text{ padding-left:1em; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-item-layout-image_right > .ubermenu-target-text{ padding-right:1em; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-item-layout-image_above, .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-item-layout-image_below{ flex-direction:column; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ top:100%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item-level-0:not(.ubermenu-align-right) + .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-align-right{ margin-left:auto; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-content-align-left{ justify-content:flex-start; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-content-align-center{ justify-content:center; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target.ubermenu-content-align-right{ justify-content:flex-end; } /* Force current submenu always open but below others */ .ubermenu-force-current-submenu .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu-force-current-submenu .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-ancestor > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { display: block!important; opacity: 1!important; visibility: visible!important; margin: 0!important; top: auto!important; height: auto; z-index:19; } /* Invert Horizontal menu to make subs go up */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-items-vstretch .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0>.ubermenu-submenu-drop{ top:auto; bottom:100%; } .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(180deg); } /* Make second level flyouts fly up */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout{ top:auto; bottom:0; } /* Clip the submenus properly when inverted */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ clip: rect(-5000px,5000px,auto,-5000px); } /* Invert Vertical menu to make subs go left */ .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ right:100%; left:auto; } .ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-has-children > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ right:auto; left:10px; transform:rotate(90deg); } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { clip: rect(-5000px,5000px,5000px,-5000px); } /* Vertical Flyout > Flyout */ .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:25px; } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator { right:auto; left:10px; transform:rotate(90deg); } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout, .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-invert .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout > .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { right: 100%; left: auto; } .ubermenu-responsive-toggle{ display:none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1024px){ .ubermenu-responsive-toggle, .ubermenu-sticky-toggle-wrapper { display: block; } .ubermenu-responsive{ width:100%; max-height:600px; visibility:visible; overflow:visible; -webkit-transition:max-height 1s ease-in; transition:max-height .3s ease-in; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-mobile-accordion:not(.ubermenu-mobile-modal):not(.ubermenu-in-transition):not(.ubermenu-responsive-collapse){ max-height:none; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-items-align-center{ text-align:left; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu{ margin:0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu .ubermenu-nav{ display:block; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-nocollapse, .ubermenu-repsonsive.ubermenu-no-transitions{ display:block; max-height:none; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse{ max-height:none; visibility:visible; overflow:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse{ max-height:0; overflow:hidden !important; visibility:hidden; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-in-transition, .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-in-transition .ubermenu-nav{ overflow:hidden !important; visibility:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse:not(.ubermenu-in-transition){ border-top-width:0; border-bottom-width:0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-collapse .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu{ display:none; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:50%; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-responsive-single-column .ubermenu-item-level-0{ float:none; clear:both; width:100%; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target{ border:none; box-shadow:none; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-has-submenu-flyout{ position:static; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout .ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(0); right:10px; left:auto; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop{ width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:100%; top:auto; left:0 !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-has-border .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop{ left: -1px !important; /* For borders */ } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-type-mega > .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-column{ min-height:0; border-left:none; float:left; /* override left/center/right content alignment */ display:block; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-type-mega{ max-height:none; height:auto;/*prevent overflow scrolling since android is still finicky*/ overflow:visible; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-transition-slide .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-in-transition > .ubermenu-submenu-drop{ max-height:1000px; /* because of slide transition */ } .ubermenu .ubermenu-submenu-type-flyout .ubermenu-submenu-type-mega{ min-height:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column-auto{ min-width:50%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-autoclear > .ubermenu-column{ clear:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+1){ clear:both; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top:not(.ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top-2) .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+1){ clear:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top:not(.ubermenu-submenu-retractor-top-2) .ubermenu-column:nth-of-type(2n+2){ clear:both; } .ubermenu-responsive-single-column-subs .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item { float: none; clear: both; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; } /* Submenu footer content */ .ubermenu .ubermenu-submenu-footer{ position:relative; clear:both; bottom:auto; right:auto; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs-group, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ /** TABS SHOULD BE 100% ACCORDION */ width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:100%; left:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ min-height:0 !important;/* Override Inline Style from JS */ } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs{ z-index:15; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ z-index:20; } /* Tab Layering */ .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab{ position:relative; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-active{ position:relative; z-index:20; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-target{ border-width:0 0 1px 0; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-tabs > .ubermenu-tabs-group > .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ transform:rotate(0); right:10px; left:auto; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs > .ubermenu-tabs-group > .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ top:auto; border-width:1px; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tab-layout-bottom > .ubermenu-tabs-group{ /*position:relative;*/ } .ubermenu-reponsive .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ /* Top Level Stack Columns */ position:relative; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack .ubermenu-column-auto{ /* Stack Columns */ width:100%; max-width:100%; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-mini{ /* Mini items */ min-width:0; width:auto; float:left; clear:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-mini > a.ubermenu-target{ padding-left:20px; padding-right:20px; } .ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-hide-mobile{ /* Hiding items */ display:none !important; } .ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-hide-bkgs .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-bkg-img{ /** Hide Background Images in Submenu */ background-image:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-mini{ min-width:0; width:auto; } .ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:100%; } .ubermenu-vertical.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-item-has-children > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ right:10px; left:auto; transform:rotate(0); } .ubermenu-vertical .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-relative.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-align-vertical_parent_item{ top:auto; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-tabs{ position:static; } /* Tabs on Mobile with mouse (but not click) - leave space to hover off */ .ubermenu:not(.ubermenu-is-mobile):not(.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes) .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-tab[data-ubermenu-trigger="mouseover"] .ubermenu-tab-content-panel, .ubermenu:not(.ubermenu-is-mobile):not(.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes) .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-tab[data-ubermenu-trigger="hover_intent"] .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ margin-left:6%; width:94%; min-width:94%; } /* Sub indicator close visibility */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes .ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator-close{ display:block; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-submenu-indicator-closes .ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-target > .ubermenu-sub-indicator{ display:none; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-tabs .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.075); } /* When submenus and items go full width, move items back to appropriate positioning */ .ubermenu .ubermenu-submenu-rtl { direction: ltr; } /* Fixed position mobile menu */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal{ position:fixed; z-index:9999999; opacity:1; top:0; left:0; width:100%; width:100vw; max-width:100%; max-width:100vw; height:100%; height:calc(100vh - calc(100vh - 100%)); height:-webkit-fill-available; max-height:calc(100vh - calc(100vh - 100%)); max-height:-webkit-fill-available; border:none; box-sizing:border-box; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:flex-start; overflow-y:auto !important; /* for non-accordion mode */ overflow-x:hidden !important; overscroll-behavior: contain; transform:scale(1); transition-duration:.1s; transition-property: all; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press{ overflow-y:hidden !important; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal.ubermenu-responsive-collapse{ overflow:hidden !important; opacity:0; transform:scale(.9); visibility:hidden; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-nav{ flex:1; overflow-y:auto !important; overscroll-behavior: contain; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-item-level-0{ margin:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-mobile-close-button{ border:none; background:none; border-radius:0; padding:1em; color:inherit; display:inline-block; text-align:center; font-size:14px; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-mobile-footer .ubermenu-mobile-close-button{ width: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-mobile-footer .ubermenu-mobile-close-button .ubermenu-icon-essential, .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-modal .ubermenu-mobile-footer .ubermenu-mobile-close-button .fas.fa-times{ margin-right:.2em; } /* Header/Footer Mobile content */ .ubermenu .ubermenu-mobile-header, .ubermenu .ubermenu-mobile-footer{ display:block; text-align:center; color:inherit; } /* Accordion submenus mobile (single column tablet) */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive-single-column.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive-single-column.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ box-sizing:border-box; border-left:none; border-right:none; box-shadow:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive-single-column.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive-single-column.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ position:static; } /* Accordion indented - remove borders and extra spacing from headers */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item-header.ubermenu-has-submenu-stack > .ubermenu-target{ border:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-item-header.ubermenu-has-submenu-stack > .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ padding-top:0; } /* Accordion dropdown indentation padding */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 2 ); } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 3 ); } .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 4 ); } /* Reverse Accordion dropdown indentation padding */ .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:0; padding-right:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 2 ); } .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:0; padding-right:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 3 ); } .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target, .rtl .ubermenu.ubermenu-mobile-accordion-indent .ubermenu-submenu-drop .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-tab-content-panel .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-target{ padding-left:0; padding-right:calc( var(--ubermenu-accordion-indent) * 4 ); } .ubermenu-responsive-toggle{ display:block; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-item-level-0{ width:100%; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive .ubermenu-column-auto{ min-width:100%; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:first-child), .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:first-child) .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ padding-top:0; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:last-child), .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn:not(:last-child) .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack{ padding-bottom:0; } .ubermenu .ubermenu-autocolumn > .ubermenu-submenu-type-stack > .ubermenu-item-normal:first-child{ margin-top:0; } /* Accordion submenus mobile */ .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-item > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-tab > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ box-shadow:none; box-sizing:border-box; border-left:none; border-right:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-responsive.ubermenu-mobile-accordion.ubermenu-interaction-press .ubermenu-tab.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-tab-content-panel{ position:static; } } /** UberMenu Custom Menu Styles (Customizer) **/ /* main */ .ubermenu-main.ubermenu-mobile-modal.ubermenu-mobile-view { background:#ffffff; } .ubermenu-main { background:#ffffff; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main { background:none; border:none; box-shadow:none; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target { border:none; box-shadow:none; background:#ffffff; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-align-left_edge_bar, .ubermenu.ubermenu-main.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-submenu-drop.ubermenu-submenu-align-full_width { left:0; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main.ubermenu-horizontal .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-submenu-drop, .ubermenu.ubermenu-main.ubermenu-horizontal:not(.ubermenu-transition-shift) .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-submenu-drop { margin-top:0; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target { font-size:16px; color:#000000; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-nav .ubermenu-item.ubermenu-item-level-0 > .ubermenu-target { font-weight:700; } .ubermenu.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0:hover > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-active > .ubermenu-target { color:#ba0c2f; background:#ffffff; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-item > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-parent > .ubermenu-target, .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-level-0.ubermenu-current-menu-ancestor > .ubermenu-target { color:#494949; background:#ffffff; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-drop { background-color:#ffffff; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-highlight { color:#ba0c2f; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-item-normal > .ubermenu-target,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-target,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-nonlink,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-widget,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-custom-content-padded,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-retractor,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu .ubermenu-colgroup .ubermenu-column,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-type-stack > .ubermenu-item-normal > .ubermenu-target,.ubermenu-main .ubermenu-submenu.ubermenu-submenu-padded { padding:5px 15px; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-grid-row { padding-right:5px 15px; } .ubermenu-main .ubermenu-grid-row .ubermenu-target { padding-right:0; } .ubermenu-main.ubermenu-sub-indicators .ubermenu-submenu :not(.ubermenu-tabs-layout-right) .ubermenu-has-submenu-drop > 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</i></span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-1374" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1374 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Digital Media</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1374 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-4198" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4198 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/pelstube/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">PELSTube</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-4199" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4199 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/webinars/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Webinars</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-4200" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4200 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/podcasts/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Podcasts</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-3962" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-3962 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Student Opportunities</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-3962 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-4571" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4571 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/awards/pels-ph-d-thesis-talk-p3-talk/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">PELS Ph.D. Thesis Talk (P3 Talk)</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-4572" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4572 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/membership/international-future-energy-challenge/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">International Energy Challenge</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-4565" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4565 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/phd-schools/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Ph.D. Schools</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-4133" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4133 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/membership/student-travel-grants/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Student Travel Grants</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-4052" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-4052 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Resources</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-4052 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-4047" class="menuCTA ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-ubermenu-custom ubermenu-item-4047 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><div class="ubermenu-content-block ubermenu-custom-content"><div class="navigation-cta" style="margin: 10px 0 10px 0;"> <img alt="award icon" class="nav-icon" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/teamwork-1.png"/> <p>Visit the PELS Resource Center to view past webinars and much more.</p> <a class="nav-cta-btn" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pels.org/" target="_blank">View Resource Center</a> </div></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-22" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-22 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-mega" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Activities</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-22 ubermenu-submenu-type-mega ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-full_width ubermenu-autoclear" aria-hidden="true"><li id="menu-item-1457" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1457 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Programs & Roadmaps</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1457 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-1557" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1557 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/programs-and-projects/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Overview</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1820" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1820 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/global-energy-access/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Global Energy Access</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1587" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1587 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/international-technology-roadmap-of-power-electronics-for-distributed-energy-resources/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Power Electronics for Distributed Energy Resources (ITRD)</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-26676" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-26676 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/international-technology-roadmap-for-high-power-electronics-for-modern-energy-grids-itrg/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">High-Power Electronics for Modern Energy Grids (ITRG)</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1586" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1586 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/the-international-technology-roadmap-for-wide-bandgap-power-semiconductors/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Wide Bandgap Power Semiconductors (ITRW)</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-1401" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1401 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Committees</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1401 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-autocolumn menu-item-1401-col-0 ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-full ubermenu-has-submenu-stack ubermenu-item-type-column ubermenu-column-id-1401-col-0"><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1401-col-0 ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-1552" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1552 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/technical-committees/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Overview</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1389" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1389 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-1-control-and-modeling-of-power-electronics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">1: Control and Modeling of Power Electronics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1393" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1393 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-2-power-components-integration-and-power-ics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">2: Power Components, Integration, and Power ICs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1394" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1394 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-3-electrical-machines-drives-and-automation/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">3: Electrical Machines, Drives and Automation</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1395" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1395 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-4-electrified-transportation-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">4: Electrified Transportation Systems</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1396" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1396 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-5-sustainable-energy-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">5: Sustainable Energy Systems</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-1558" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1558 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Committees 2</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1558 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-1397" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1397 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-6-emerging-power-electronic-technologies/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">6: Emerging Power Electronic Technologies</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1398" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1398 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-7-critical-power-and-energy-storage-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">7: Critical Power and Energy Storage Systems</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1399" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1399 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-8-electronic-power-grid-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">8: Electronic Power Grid Systems</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1400" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1400 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-9-wireless-power-transfer-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">9: Wireless Power Transfer Systems</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1390" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1390 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-10-design-methodologies/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">10: Design Methodologies</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1391" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1391 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-11-aerospace-power/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">11: Aerospace Power</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1392" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1392 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-12-energy-access-and-off-grid-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">12: Energy Access and Off-Grid Systems</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-1681" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1681 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/standards/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Standards</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1681 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li id="menu-item-1745" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1745 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/standards/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Standards Development</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1746" class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1746 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column 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</div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-current-menu-ancestor ubermenu-current_page_ancestor ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-23 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-mega" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/publications/" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Publications</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-23 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-mega ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-full_width ubermenu-autoclear" aria-hidden="true"><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1361 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column 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ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/publications/open-journal-of-power-electronics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Open Journal of Power Electronics</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1368 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/publications/journal-of-emerging-and-selected-topics-in-power-electronics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1362 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/publications/transactions-on-transportation-electrification/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Transactions on Transportation Electrification</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1364 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Co-Sponsored Journals</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1364 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-1516 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" target="_blank" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5165411"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Transactions on Smart Grid <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-1517 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" target="_blank" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5165391"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Transactions on Sustainable Energy <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-1518 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" target="_blank" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5503869"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Journal of Photovoltaics <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-current-menu-ancestor ubermenu-current-menu-parent ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1370 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Magazines</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1370 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto 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ubermenu-target-text">Electrification Magazine <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1373 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Information for Authors</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1373 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1515 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/publications/"><span 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fa-external-link-alt"></i></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1200 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-mega" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Education</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1200 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-mega ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-full_width ubermenu-autoclear" aria-hidden="true"><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1375 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 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class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Resource Center <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"> </i></span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-1606 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" target="_blank" href="https://tees.catalog.instructure.com/courses/ieee-power-electronics"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Crossword Puzzles <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"> </i></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1374 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Digital Media</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1374 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4198 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/pelstube/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">PELSTube</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4199 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/webinars/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Webinars</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4200 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/podcasts/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Podcasts</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-3962 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Student Opportunities</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-3962 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4571 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/awards/pels-ph-d-thesis-talk-p3-talk/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">PELS Ph.D. Thesis Talk (P3 Talk)</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4572 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/membership/international-future-energy-challenge/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">International Energy Challenge</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4565 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/education/phd-schools/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Ph.D. Schools</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-4133 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/membership/student-travel-grants/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Student Travel Grants</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-4052 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Resources</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-4052 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="menuCTA ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-ubermenu-custom ubermenu-item-4047 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><div class="ubermenu-content-block ubermenu-custom-content"><div class="navigation-cta" style="margin: 10px 0 10px 0;"> <img alt="award icon" class="nav-icon" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/teamwork-1.png"/> <p>Visit the PELS Resource Center to view past webinars and much more.</p> <a class="nav-cta-btn" href="https://resourcecenter.ieee-pels.org/" target="_blank">View Resource Center</a> </div></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-22 ubermenu-item-level-0 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto ubermenu-has-submenu-drop ubermenu-has-submenu-mega" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/" tabindex="0"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Activities</span><i class='ubermenu-sub-indicator fas fa-angle-down'></i></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-22 ubermenu-submenu-type-mega ubermenu-submenu-drop ubermenu-submenu-align-full_width ubermenu-autoclear" aria-hidden="true"><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1457 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Programs & Roadmaps</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1457 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1557 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/programs-and-projects/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Overview</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1820 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/global-energy-access/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Global Energy Access</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1587 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/international-technology-roadmap-of-power-electronics-for-distributed-energy-resources/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Power Electronics for Distributed Energy Resources (ITRD)</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-26676 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/international-technology-roadmap-for-high-power-electronics-for-modern-energy-grids-itrg/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">High-Power Electronics for Modern Energy Grids (ITRG)</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1586 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/the-international-technology-roadmap-for-wide-bandgap-power-semiconductors/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Wide Bandgap Power Semiconductors (ITRW)</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1401 ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><span class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Committees</span></span><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1401 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-autocolumn menu-item-1401-col-0 ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-full ubermenu-has-submenu-stack ubermenu-item-type-column ubermenu-column-id-1401-col-0"><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1401-col-0 ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1552 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/technical-committees/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Overview</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1389 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-1-control-and-modeling-of-power-electronics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">1: Control and Modeling of Power Electronics</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1393 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-2-power-components-integration-and-power-ics/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">2: Power Components, Integration, and Power ICs</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1394 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-3-electrical-machines-drives-and-automation/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">3: Electrical Machines, Drives and Automation</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1395 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-4-electrified-transportation-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">4: Electrified Transportation Systems</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1396 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-3 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-5-sustainable-energy-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">5: Sustainable Energy Systems</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-custom ubermenu-item-object-custom ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1558 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="#"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Technical Committees 2</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1558 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1397 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-6-emerging-power-electronic-technologies/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">6: Emerging Power Electronic Technologies</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1398 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-7-critical-power-and-energy-storage-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">7: Critical Power and Energy Storage Systems</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1399 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-8-electronic-power-grid-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">8: Electronic Power Grid Systems</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1400 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-9-wireless-power-transfer-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">9: Wireless Power Transfer Systems</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1390 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-10-design-methodologies/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">10: Design Methodologies</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1391 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-11-aerospace-power/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">11: Aerospace Power</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1392 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/tc-12-energy-access-and-off-grid-systems/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">12: Energy Access and Off-Grid Systems</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-has-children ubermenu-item-1681 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-header ubermenu-item-level-1 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-1-4 ubermenu-has-submenu-stack" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/standards/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Standards</span></a><ul class="ubermenu-submenu ubermenu-submenu-id-1681 ubermenu-submenu-type-auto ubermenu-submenu-type-stack" ><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1745 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a class="ubermenu-target ubermenu-item-layout-default ubermenu-item-layout-text_only" href="https://www.ieee-pels.org/technical-activities/standards/"><span class="ubermenu-target-title ubermenu-target-text">Standards Development</span></a></li><li class="ubermenu-item ubermenu-item-type-post_type ubermenu-item-object-page ubermenu-item-1746 ubermenu-item-auto ubermenu-item-normal ubermenu-item-level-2 ubermenu-column ubermenu-column-auto" ><a 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