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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descendants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Octavia the Younger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%89" title="أوكتيفيا الصغرى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوكتيفيا الصغرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Октавия Младша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Октавия Младша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oct%C3%A0via_Menor" title="Octàvia Menor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Octàvia Menor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Minor" title="Octavia Minor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Octavia Minor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_den_Yngre" title="Octavia den Yngre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Octavia den Yngre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Minor" title="Octavia Minor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Octavia Minor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B7_%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Οκταβία η Νεότερη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οκταβία η Νεότερη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_la_Menor" title="Octavia la Menor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Octavia la Menor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktavia_Minor" title="Oktavia Minor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oktavia Minor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktavia_Gaztea" title="Oktavia Gaztea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oktavia Gaztea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="اکتاویای کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکتاویای کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavie_la_Jeune" title="Octavie la Jeune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Octavie la Jeune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C_%EC%98%A5%ED%83%80%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="소 옥타비아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소 옥타비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktavija_Mla%C4%91a" title="Oktavija Mlađa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oktavija Mlađa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Minor" title="Octavia Minor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Octavia Minor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottavia_minore" title="Ottavia minore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ottavia minore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוקטביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקטביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ოქტავია უმცროსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქტავია უმცროსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_minor" title="Octavia minor – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Octavia minor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia" title="Octavia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Octavia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%89" title="اوكتيفيا الصغرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوكتيفيا الصغرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_Thurina_minor" title="Octavia Thurina minor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Octavia Thurina minor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="小オクタウィア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小オクタウィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_den_yngre" title="Octavia den yngre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Octavia den yngre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichik_Oktaviya" title="Kichik Oktaviya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kichik Oktaviya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktawia_M%C5%82odsza" title="Oktawia Młodsza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oktawia Młodsza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oct%C3%A1via" title="Octávia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Octávia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Октавия Младшая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Октавия Младшая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktavija" title="Oktavija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oktavija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktavija_Mla%C4%91a" title="Oktavija Mlađa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oktavija Mlađa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_minor" title="Octavia minor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Octavia minor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_den_yngre" title="Octavia den yngre – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Octavia den yngre" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Octavia" title="Küçük Octavia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Küçük Octavia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Октавія Молодша – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Октавія Молодша" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آکیٹویا صغری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آکیٹویا صغری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Octavia Minor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg/225px-8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg/338px-8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg/450px-8106_-_Roma_-_Ara_Pacis_-_Ottavia_Minore_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_30-Mar-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 69 BC</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 BC (aged c. 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus" title="Mausoleum of Augustus">Mausoleum of Augustus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Claudius_Marcellus_(consul_50_BC)" title="Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)">Gaius Claudius Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Major" title="Claudia Marcella Major">Claudia Marcella Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Minor" title="Claudia Marcella Minor">Claudia Marcella Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_(nephew_of_Augustus)" title="Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_the_Elder" title="Antonia the Elder">Antonia the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Minor" title="Antonia Minor">Antonia Minor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julio-Claudian_dynasty" title="Julio-Claudian dynasty">Julio-Claudian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_(praetor_61_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC)">Gaius Octavius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atia_(mother_of_Augustus)" title="Atia (mother of Augustus)">Atia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Octavia the Younger</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Octavia Minor</i> ; 69 BC – 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (known also as Octavian), the half-sister of <a href="/wiki/Octavia_the_Elder" title="Octavia the Elder">Octavia the Elder</a>, and the fourth wife of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>. She was also the great-grandmother of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> and Empress <a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Agrippina the Younger</a>, maternal grandmother of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, and paternal great-grandmother and maternal great-great-grandmother of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>. </p><p>One of the most prominent women in Roman history, Octavia was respected and admired by contemporaries for her loyalty, nobility and humanity, as well as for maintaining traditional Roman feminine virtues. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octavia was born around 69 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full sister to <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, Octavia was the only daughter born of <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_(proconsul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Octavius (proconsul)">Gaius Octavius</a>' second marriage to <a href="/wiki/Atia_(mother_of_Augustus)" title="Atia (mother of Augustus)">Atia</a>, niece of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavia was born in <a href="/wiki/Nola" title="Nola">Nola</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Her mother later remarried, to the consul <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Marcius_Philippus_(consul_56_BC)" title="Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 BC)">Lucius Marcius Philippus</a>. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. Marcius was in charge of educating Octavia and her brother Octavian, later known as Augustus.<sup id="cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_marriage">First marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some time before 54 BC, her stepfather arranged for her to marry <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Claudius_Marcellus_(consul_50_BC)" title="Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)">Gaius Claudius Marcellus</a>. He was a member of the influential plebeian branch of the <a href="/wiki/Claudia_gens" title="Claudia gens">Claudian</a> family and descended from <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a>, a famous general in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>. In 54 BC, Octavia's great-uncle Julius Caesar is said to have been anxious for her to divorce her husband so that she could marry <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>, who had just lost his wife <a href="/wiki/Julia_(wife_of_Pompey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia (wife of Pompey)">Julia</a> (Caesar's daughter, and thus Octavia's cousin once removed). The couple did not want to get a divorce, so instead<sup id="cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pompey declined the proposal<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and married <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Metella" title="Cornelia Metella">Cornelia Metella</a>. Thus, Octavia's husband continued to oppose Julius Caesar, including in the crucial year of his consulship, 50 BC. Civil war broke out when Caesar invaded Italy from Gaul in 49 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marcellus, a friend of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, was an initial opponent of Julius Caesar when Caesar invaded Italy, but did not take up arms against his wife's great uncle at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus" title="Battle of Pharsalus">Battle of Pharsalus</a>, and was eventually pardoned by him. In 47 BC he was able to intercede with Caesar for his cousin and namesake, also a former consul, then living in exile. Presumably, Octavia continued to live with her husband from the time of their marriage (she would have been between 12 and 15 when they married)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore201728_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore201728-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to her husband's death. They had three surviving children: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Major" title="Claudia Marcella Major">Claudia Marcella Major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Minor" title="Claudia Marcella Minor">Claudia Marcella Minor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus_(nephew_of_Augustus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three were born in Italy. However, according to the anonymous <i>Περὶ τοῦ καισαρείου γένους</i> Octavia bore Marcellus four sons and four daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her husband Marcellus died in May 40 BC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg/220px-Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg/330px-Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg/440px-Mark_Antony_and_Octavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Mark Antony and Octavia</figcaption></figure> <p>By a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senatorial</a> decree, Octavia married <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> in October 40 BC, as his fourth wife (his third wife <a href="/wiki/Fulvia" title="Fulvia">Fulvia</a> having died shortly before). This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 40 and 36 BC, she travelled with Antony to various provinces and lived with him in his <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> mansion.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There she raised her children by Marcellus as well as Antony's two sons; <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Antonius_Antyllus" title="Marcus Antonius Antyllus">Antyllus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iullus_Antonius" title="Iullus Antonius">Iullus</a>, as well as the two daughters of her marriage to Antony, <a href="/wiki/Antonia_the_Elder" title="Antonia the Elder">Antonia Major</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Minor" title="Antonia Minor">Antonia Minor</a> who were born there. During this period, she became the first (or second) Roman woman to have coins minted bearing her image; only Antony's previous wife Fulvia may have pre-empted her.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakdown">Breakdown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Breakdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The alliance was severely tested by Antony's abandonment of Octavia and their children in favor of his former lover Queen <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII</a> of Egypt (Antony and Cleopatra had met in 41 BC, an interaction that resulted in Cleopatra bearing twins, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Helios" title="Alexander Helios">Alexander Helios</a>, a boy, and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene</a>, a girl). After 36 BC, Octavia returned to Rome with the daughters of her second marriage. On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the spring of 37 BC, while pregnant with her daughter Antonia Minor, she was considered essential to an arms deal held at Tarentum, in which Antony and Augustus agreed to aid each other in their Parthian and Sicilian campaigns. She had won over her brother's advisers Agrippa and Maecenas and convinced him to renew their alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was hailed as a "marvel of womankind".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 35 BC, after Antony suffered a disastrous campaign in Parthia, she brought fresh troops, provisions, and funds to Athens. There Antony had left a letter for her, instructing her to go no further.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark Antony divorced Octavia in late 33 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 33, Antony sent men to eject her from his house in Rome. She became sole caretaker of their children,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for Antyllus who was already with his father in the East. After Antony's suicide in 30 BC, her brother executed Antyllus but allowed Octavia to raise Antony's younger son Iullus by Fulvia as well as his children by Cleopatra (the two sons Alexander Helios and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus_(son_of_Cleopatra)" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)">Ptolemy Philadelphus</a>, and one daughter, Cleopatra Selene II). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VirgilAeneidVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/VirgilAeneidVI.jpg/250px-VirgilAeneidVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/VirgilAeneidVI.jpg/375px-VirgilAeneidVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/VirgilAeneidVI.jpg/500px-VirgilAeneidVI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4613" data-file-height="4231" /></a><figcaption>Virgil reading <i>Aeneid</i>, Book VI, to Augustus and Octavia, by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Taillasson" title="Jean-Joseph Taillasson">Taillasson</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 35 BC, Augustus accorded a number of honours and privileges to Octavia, and also to his wife, <a href="/wiki/Livia" title="Livia">Livia</a> – previously unheard of for women in Rome. They were granted <i>sacrosanctitas</i>, meaning it was illegal to verbally insult them. Previously, this had only been granted to tribunes. Livia and Octavia were made immune from <i>tutela</i>, the male guardianship which all women in Rome except for the <a href="/wiki/Vestal_Virgin" title="Vestal Virgin">Vestal Virgins</a> were required to have. This meant they could freely manage their own finances. Finally, they were the first women in Rome to have statues and portraits displayed en masse in public places. Previously, only one woman, Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, had been part of the public statues displayed in Rome. In Augustus' rebuilding of Rome as a city of marble, Octavia was featured. In all her representations, she wore the "nodus" hairstyle, which at the time was considered conservative and dignified, and worn by women from many classes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augustus adored, but never adopted, her son <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus_(nephew_of_Augustus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)">Marcellus</a>. When Marcellus died of illness in 23 BC unexpectedly, Augustus was thunderstruck and Octavia disconsolate almost beyond recovery. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aelius_Donatus" title="Aelius Donatus">Aelius Donatus</a>, in his Life of Vergil, states that <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> </p> <blockquote><p>recited three whole books [of his <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>] for Augustus: the second, fourth, and sixth—this last out of his well-known affection for Octavia, who (being present at the recitation) is said to have fainted at the lines about her son, "... You shall be Marcellus" [<i>Aen</i>. 6.884]. Revived only with difficulty, she sent Virgil ten thousand <a href="/wiki/Sesterce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesterce">sesterces</a> for each of the verses."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>She may have never fully recovered from the death of her son, and retired from public life,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except on important occasions. The major source that Octavia never recovered is <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/De_Consolatione_ad_Marciam" class="mw-redirect" title="De Consolatione ad Marciam">De Consolatione ad Marciam</a></i>, II.) but Seneca may wish to show off his rhetorical skill with hyperbole, rather than adhere to fact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2016)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> dispute Seneca's version, as Octavia publicly opened the Library of Marcellus, dedicated in his memory, while her brother completed the building of <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Marcellus" title="Theatre of Marcellus">Marcellus's theatre</a> in his honor. Undoubtedly<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Octavia attended both ceremonies, as well as the Ara Pacis ceremony to welcome her brother's return in 13BC from the provinces. She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Augustus's daughter <a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Elder" title="Julia the Elder">Julia</a> marry <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Agrippa</a> after her mourning for Marcellus ended. Agrippa had to divorce Octavia's daughter <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Major" title="Claudia Marcella Major">Claudia Marcella Major</a> in order to marry Julia, so Augustus wanted Octavia's endorsement very much. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma-PorticodiOttavia_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Roma-PorticodiOttavia_02.JPG/250px-Roma-PorticodiOttavia_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Roma-PorticodiOttavia_02.JPG/500px-Roma-PorticodiOttavia_02.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Today's appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Octavia died of natural causes. Suetonius says she died in Augustus' 54th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her funeral was a public one, with her sons-in-law (Drusus, Ahenobarbus, Iullus Antonius, and possibly Paullus Aemillius Lepidus) carrying her to the grave in the Mausoleum of Augustus. Drusus delivered one funeral oration from the rostra and Augustus gave her the highest posthumous honors (building the Gate of Octavia and <a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a> in her memory).<sup id="cite_ref-Dio_54.35.5_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dio_54.35.5-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augustus also had the Roman senate declare his sister to be a goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augustus declined some other honors decreed to her by the senate, for reasons unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Dio_54.35.5_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dio_54.35.5-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Children with Marcellus</dt></dl> <p>Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus_(nephew_of_Augustus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Major" title="Claudia Marcella Major">Claudia Marcella Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Minor" title="Claudia Marcella Minor">Claudia Marcella Minor</a></li></ol> <dl><dt>Children with Mark Antony</dt></dl> <p>Octavia and Mark Antony had two surviving daughters by their marriage (her second, his fourth), and both were the ancestors of later <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a>. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_the_Elder" title="Antonia the Elder">Antonia Major</a>: grandmother to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Minor" title="Antonia Minor">Antonia Minor</a>: mother to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, grandmother to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, and great-grandmother to Emperor Nero.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descendants">Descendants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">emperors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, were amongst the most famous of her descendants. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Octavia the Younger</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus_(nephew_of_Augustus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus (nephew of Augustus)">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a> (42 BC – 23 BC), no issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Major" title="Claudia Marcella Major">Claudia Marcella Major</a> (born 41 BC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vipsania_(wife_of_Varus)" title="Vipsania (wife of Varus)">Vipsania Marcella Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipsania_(wife_of_Lepidus)" title="Vipsania (wife of Lepidus)">Vipsania Marcella Minor</a></li> <li>Iullus Antonius (? – ?), issue unknown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Antonius_(grandson_of_Mark_Antony)" title="Lucius Antonius (grandson of Mark Antony)">Lucius Antonius</a> (20 BC – AD 25), issue unknown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iulla_Antonia" title="Iulla Antonia">Iulla Antonia</a> (? – ?), issue unknown</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Marcella_Minor" title="Claudia Marcella Minor">Claudia Marcella Minor</a> (born 40 BC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paullus_Aemilius_Regulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paullus Aemilius Regulus">Paullus Aemilius Regulus</a> (? – ?), issue unknown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Pulchra" title="Claudia Pulchra">Claudia Pulchra</a> (14 BC–26)</li> <li><span id="Valerius_Messalla_Barbatus"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Messala_Barbatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Valerius Messala Barbatus">Marcus Valerius Messala Barbatus</a></span> (11 BC – 20/21) <ul><li><span id="Valerius_Messalla_Corvinus"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Messalla_Corvinus_(consul_58)" title="Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (consul 58)">Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus</a></span> (? – ?), possibly son of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Cotta_Maximus_Messalinus" title="Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus">Aurelius Messalinus</a></li> <li><span id="Valeria_Messalina"><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messalina">Valeria Messalina</a></span> (17 AD or 20 AD – 48 AD) <ul><li><span id="Claudia_Octavia"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Octavia" title="Claudia Octavia">Claudia Octavia</a></span> (39 AD or 40 AD – 62 AD), no issue</li> <li><span id="Britannicus"><a href="/wiki/Britannicus" title="Britannicus">Tiberius Claudius Caesar <i>Britannicus</i></a></span> (41 AD – 55 AD), no issue</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_Messallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria Messallia">Valeria Messallia</a> (c. 10 BC – ?) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Vipstanus_Poplicola" title="Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola">Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola</a> (c. 10 – after 59) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Valerius_Poplicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Valerius Poplicola (page does not exist)">Gaius Valerius Poplicola</a> (? – ?), issue unknown</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Vipstanus_Messalla_Gallus" title="Gaius Vipstanus Messalla Gallus">Gaius Vipstanus Messalla Gallus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Syme242_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syme242-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (c. 10 BC – after 60) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Vipstanus_Messalla_(orator)" title="Lucius Vipstanus Messalla (orator)">Lucius Vipstanus Messalla</a><sup id="cite_ref-Syme242_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syme242-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (c. 45 – c. 80) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Vipstanus_Messalla_(consul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Vipstanus Messalla (consul)">Lucius Vipstanus Messalla</a><sup id="cite_ref-Syme242_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syme242-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (c. 75 – after 115), according to some authors, this man may be one of Saint <a href="/wiki/Melania_the_Younger" title="Melania the Younger">Melania</a>'s ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-Mennen_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mennen-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Settipani_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Settipani-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_the_Elder" title="Antonia the Elder">Antonia Major</a> (39 BC – before 25 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domitia_Lepida_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Domitia Lepida the Elder">Domitia Lepida the Elder</a> (c. 19 BC – 59 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Haterius_Antoninus" title="Quintus Haterius Antoninus">Quintus Haterius Antoninus</a> (? – ?)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_32)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32)">Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus</a> (17 BC – 40 AD) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/15px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/23px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <span id="Nero"><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero"><b>Nero</b> Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus</a></span> (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) (37 AD – 68 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Augusta" title="Claudia Augusta">Claudia Augusta</a> (January 63 AD – April 63 AD), died young</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitia_Lepida_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Domitia Lepida the Younger">Domitia Lepida the Younger</a> (10 BC – 54 AD) <ul><li>Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (same man as <a href="#Valerius_Messalla_Corvinus">above</a>), possibly son of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Cotta_Maximus_Messalinus" title="Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus">Aurelius Messalinus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Messalla_Barbatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus">Valerius Barbatus</a> (same man as <a href="#Valerius_Messalla_Barbatus">above</a>)</li> <li>Valeria Messalina (same woman as <a href="#Valeria_Messalina">above</a>) <ul><li><i>See her line <a href="#Valeria_Messalina">above</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustus_Cornelius_Sulla_Felix" title="Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix">Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix</a> (22 AD – 62 AD) <ul><li><span id="Cornelius">A son</span>, died young</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Minor" title="Antonia Minor">Antonia Minor</a> (36 BC – 37 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanicus" title="Germanicus"><i>Germanicus</i> Julius Caesar</a> (15 BC – 19 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nero_Julius_Caesar" title="Nero Julius Caesar">Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus</a> (6 AD – 30 AD), no issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drusus_Caesar" title="Drusus Caesar">Drusus Julius Caesar Germanicus</a> (8 AD – 33 AD), no issue</li> <li>Tiberius Julius Caesar Germanicus (born between 7 and 12 AD), died as an infant</li> <li><i>Ignotus</i> (born between 7 and 12 AD), died as an infant</li> <li>Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus Major (born between 7 and 12 AD), died in childhood</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/15px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/23px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula"><b>Gaius</b> Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (<i>Caligula</i>)</a> (12 AD – 41 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Drusilla_(daughter_of_Caligula)" title="Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula)">Julia Drusilla</a> (39 AD – 41 AD), died young</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger" title="Agrippina the Younger">Julia <i>Agrippina</i> (Agrippina Minor)</a> (15 AD – 59) <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/15px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/23px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b>Nero</b> Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) (same man as <a href="#Nero">above</a>) <ul><li><i>See his line <a href="#Nero">above</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Drusilla" title="Julia Drusilla">Julia Drusilla</a> (16 AD – 38 AD), no issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Livilla" title="Julia Livilla">Julia Livilla</a> (18 AD – 42 AD), no issue</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livilla" title="Livilla">Claudia Livia Julia (Livilla)</a> (13 BC – 31 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Livia" title="Julia Livia">Julia Livia</a> (7 AD – 43 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Rubellius_Plautus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Rubellius Plautus">Gaius Rubellius Plautus</a> (33 AD – 62 AD), had several children<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gaius Rubellius Blandus (? – ?), issue unknown</li> <li>Rubellius Drusus (? – ?), issue unknown</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Gemellus" title="Tiberius Gemellus">Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus</a> (19AD – 37 AD or 38 AD), no issue</li> <li>Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus II Gemellus (19 AD – 23 AD), died young</li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_gold_crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/15px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/23px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Simple_gold_crown.svg/30px-Simple_gold_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Tiberius <b>Claudius</b> Caesar Augustus Germanicus</a> (10 BC – 54 AD) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Drusus" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Drusus">Tiberius Claudius Drusus</a>, died young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Antonia" title="Claudia Antonia">Claudia Antonia</a> (c. 30 AD – 66 AD) <ul><li>A son (same individual as <a href="#Cornelius">above</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Claudia Octavia (same woman as <a href="#Claudia_Octavia">above</a>)</li> <li>Tiberius Claudius Caesar <i>Britannicus</i> (same man as <a href="#Britannicus">above</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A famous anecdote, recorded in the late fourth-century <i><a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">vita</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aelius_Donatus" title="Aelius Donatus">Aelius Donatus</a>, in which the poet read the passage in Book VI in praise of Octavia's late son Marcellus and Octavia fainted with grief, has inspired several works of art. The most famous example is <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a>'s 1812 painting <i><a href="/wiki/Virgil_reading_The_Aeneid_before_Augustus,_Livia_and_Octavia" title="Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia">Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia</a></i> but other artists, including <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Taillasson" title="Jean-Joseph Taillasson">Jean-Joseph Taillasson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Zucchi" title="Antonio Zucchi">Antonio Zucchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Wicar" title="Jean-Baptiste Wicar">Jean-Baptiste Wicar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Bruno_Gassies" title="Jean-Bruno Gassies">Jean-Bruno Gassies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angelica_Kaufmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelica Kaufmann">Angelica Kaufmann</a>, have also been inspired to depict this scene. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Rojas_Zorrilla" title="Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla">Rojas Zorilla</a>'s 17th century Spanish play, <i>Cleopatra's Asps</i> (<i>Los Aspides de Cleopatra</i> in Spanish) <i>,</i> wherein she is given the name Irene, Octavia is depicted as the slighted and vengeful wife of Marc Antony. In <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play, <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>, Octavia is described as a homely and frumpish woman. </p><p>Octavia's later life, around the time of the death of Marcellus, is depicted in the 1976 television adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius">I, Claudius</a></i>. The role was played by Angela Morant, and should not be confused with her great-granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Octavia" title="Claudia Octavia">Claudia Octavia</a> (also referred to as "Octavia" in the series), <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>'s daughter and wife of the future emperor <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, who was played by Cheryl Johnson. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">1963 film <i>Cleopatra</i></a>, she is played by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marsh" title="Jean Marsh">Jean Marsh</a> in an uncredited role.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A highly fictionalized version of Octavia's early life is depicted in the 2005 television series <i><a href="/wiki/Rome_(TV_series)" title="Rome (TV series)">Rome</a></i>, in which Octavia of the Julii (<a href="/wiki/Kerry_Condon" title="Kerry Condon">Kerry Condon</a>) seduces and sleeps with her younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Octavian_(Rome_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Octavian (Rome character)">Gaius Octavian</a>, has a lesbian affair with <a href="/wiki/Servilia_of_the_Junii" class="mw-redirect" title="Servilia of the Junii">Servilia of the Junii</a> (the series' version of <a href="/wiki/Servilia_(mother_of_Brutus)" title="Servilia (mother of Brutus)">Servilia</a>) and a romantic relationship with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rome_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Rome characters">Marcus Agrippa</a> (based on the historical <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a>), none of which has any historical basis. </p><p>In the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Domina_(TV_Series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Domina (TV Series)">Domina</a></i> (2021), Octavia was played by Alexandra Moloney and <a href="/wiki/Claire_Forlani" title="Claire Forlani">Claire Forlani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Their names are unknown, but it is known that all of them were killed by Nero, thus descent from this line is extinct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Octavia-wife-of-Mark-Antony">"Octavia | Roman, Queen, Cleopatra | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Octavia+%7C+Roman%2C+Queen%2C+Cleopatra+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FOctavia-wife-of-Mark-Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i>Augustus</i> 4.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Octavia_Minor_-_Livius_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/octavia-minor/">"Octavia Minor - Livius"</a>. <i>www.livius.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livius.org&rft.atitle=Octavia+Minor+-+Livius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Farticles%2Fperson%2Foctavia-minor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, <i>Caesar</i> 27.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore201728-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore201728_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2017">Moore 2017</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius, <i>Augustus</i> 63.1; <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Antony</i> 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Lambros" title="Spyridon Lambros">Spyridon Lambros</a>, <i>Ἀνέκδοτον ἀπόσπασμα συγγραΦῆς <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%E1%BD%B6_%CF%84%CE%BF%E1%BF%A6_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Περὶ τοῦ Καισαρείου γένους (page does not exist)">περὶ τοῦ Καισαρείου γένους</a></i>, Νέος Ἑλληνομνήμων 1 (1904), p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTansey2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tansey, Patrick (May 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/abs/marcia-catonis-and-the-fulmen-clarum/786E542AA13E96391FB133D4AB8B369E">"Marcia Catonis and the Fulmen Clarum"</a>. <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>63</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">423–</span>426. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000983881200081X">10.1017/S000983881200081X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170989205">170989205</a> – via Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Marcia+Catonis+and+the+Fulmen+Clarum&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E423-%3C%2Fspan%3E426&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000983881200081X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170989205%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tansey&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fclassical-quarterly%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fmarcia-catonis-and-the-fulmen-clarum%2F786E542AA13E96391FB133D4AB8B369E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 31; <a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a>, <i>Civil Wars</i> 5.64 and 5.66; <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>, <i>Roman History</i> 48.31.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 33; Appian, <i>Civil Wars</i> 5.76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleiner2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kleiner, Fred S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.27/">"Review of <i>Tracene Harvey, Julia Augusta: images of Rome's first empress on the coins of the Roman Empire. London; New York: Routledge, 2019. 264 p.. ISBN 9781472478689. $112.00.</i>"</a>. <i>Bryn Mawr Classical Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bryn+Mawr+Classical+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+Tracene+Harvey%2C+Julia+Augusta%3A+images+of+Rome%27s+first+empress+on+the+coins+of+the+Roman+Empire.+London%3B+New+York%3A+Routledge%2C+2019.+264+p..+ISBN+9781472478689.+%24112.00.&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Kleiner&rft.aufirst=Fred+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmcr.brynmawr.edu%2F2020%2F2020.07.27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldsworthy, Adrian (2014) <i>Augustus</i>, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 156: "Octavia appeared alongside her husband on coins - the first woman to appear on Roman currency".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">So at the treaty of <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> in 37 BC: Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 35; Appian, <i>Civil Wars</i> 5.93-95; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> 48.54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFantham2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fantham" title="Elaine Fantham">Fantham, Elaine</a> (2006). <i>Julia Augusti</i>. Vol. Women of the Ancient World (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134323449" title="Special:BookSources/9781134323449"><bdi>9781134323449</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Julia+Augusti&rft.pages=25&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781134323449&rft.aulast=Fantham&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreisenbruch2010" class="citation book cs1">Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010). <i>The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars</i>. London: Jonathan Cape.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Ladies+of+Rome%3A+The+Women+behind+the+Caesars&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Freisenbruch&rft.aufirst=Annelise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 53; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> 49.33.3-4. See also a modern source,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreisenbruch2010" class="citation book cs1">Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010). <i>The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars</i>. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. <span class="nowrap">30–</span>37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Ladies+of+Rome%3A+The+Women+behind+the+Caesars&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Freisenbruch&rft.aufirst=Annelise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 57.4-5; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> 50.3.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Antony</i> 87; Cassius Dio, <i>Roman History</i> 51.15.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreisenbruch2010" class="citation book cs1">Freisenbruch, Annelise (2010). <i>The First Ladies of Rome: The Women behind the Caesars</i>. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Ladies+of+Rome%3A+The+Women+behind+the+Caesars&rft.place=London&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Freisenbruch&rft.aufirst=Annelise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virgil.org/vitae/">"Aelius Donatus, "Life of Virgil"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>virgil.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=virgil.org&rft.atitle=Aelius+Donatus%2C+%22Life+of+Virgil%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvirgil.org%2Fvitae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Octavia-wife-of-Mark-Antony">"Octavia"</a>. <i>Britannica Online</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Octavia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FOctavia-wife-of-Mark-Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suet. <i>Div. Aug.</i> 61. A Roman child is 1 year old until its 365th day, when it becomes 2. Thus Augustus' 54th year = 10 BC, since he was born in 63. Note that Dio 54.35.4-5 is not datable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dio_54.35.5-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dio_54.35.5_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dio_54.35.5_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dio 54.35.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/octavia.html">"Octavia"</a>. <i>virtualreligion.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=virtualreligion.net&rft.atitle=Octavia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvirtualreligion.net%2Fiho%2Foctavia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syme242-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syme242_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syme242_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syme242_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Syme" title="Ronald Syme">Syme, Ronald</a>. <i>The Augustan Aristocracy</i> (1986), pg. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mennen-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mennen_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mennen, Inge. <i>Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284</i> (2011), pg. 123-124-125-127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Settipani-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Settipani_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Settipani, Christian. <i>Continuité gentilice et continuité sénatoriale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale</i> (2000), pgs. 227-228-229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Potter, David S., The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395 (2004), pg. 389</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlitz, Carl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10154a.htm">"St. Melania (the Younger)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 Mar. 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310124921/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b701ea47f">"Cleopatra (1963)"</a>. <i>BFI</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b701ea47f">the original</a> on March 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFI&rft.atitle=Cleopatra+%281963%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b701ea47f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tg24.sky.it/spettacolo/serie-tv/2021/05/06/domina-ottavia-claire-forlani-alexandra-moloney-video">"Domina, il cast: Claire Forlani e Alexandra Moloney presentano Ottavia. VIDEO"</a>. <i>sky.it</i> (in Italian). 6 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sky.it&rft.atitle=Domina%2C+il+cast%3A+Claire+Forlani+e+Alexandra+Moloney+presentano+Ottavia.+VIDEO&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftg24.sky.it%2Fspettacolo%2Fserie-tv%2F2021%2F05%2F06%2Fdomina-ottavia-claire-forlani-alexandra-moloney-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore2017" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Katrina (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268659771.pdf">"Octavia Minor and the Transition from Republic to Empire"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Clemson University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Octavia+Minor+and+the+Transition+from+Republic+to+Empire&rft.pub=Clemson+University&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F268659771.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOctavia+the+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Life and virtues</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060511145759/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2336.html">Details on Octavia pt 1</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> <i>"Octavian was much attached to his sister, and she possessed all the charms, accomplishments and virtues likely to fascinate the affections and secure a lasting influence over the mind of a husband. Her beauty was universally allowed to be superior to that of Cleopatra and her virtue was such as to excite even admiration in an age of growing licentiousness and corruption."</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060511145802/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2337.html">Details on Octavia pt 2</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/o/octavia.html">Nuttall Encyclopedia profile</a> says merely that she was "distinguished for her beauty and her virtue"</li></ul> <dl><dt>Discussion</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/657712">Octavia's birth and life discussed briefly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/657609">Octavia's marriage discussed briefly</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Family and descendants</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606010201/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2042.html">Marcellus, Octavia's only son who died aged 20</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/jo-jz/julia/julia03.html">Julia, Octavia's daughter-in-law and niece</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Print sources</dt></dl> <ul><li>Cluett, Ronald. "Roman women and triumviral politics, 43-37 B.C." <i>Echos du monde classique. Classical views</i> 17, no. 1 (1998), 67–84.</li> <li>Erhart, K. P. "A new portrait type of Octavia Minor (?)." <i>The J. Paul Getty Museum journal</i> 8 (1980), 117–28.</li> <li>Fischer. <i>Fulvia und Octavia: die beiden Ehefrauen des Marcus Antonius in den politischen Kämpfen der Umbruchszeit zwischen Republik und Principat</i>. Berlin: Logos-Verl., 1999.</li> <li>Foubert, Lien. "Vesta and Julio-Claudian women in imperial propaganda." <i>Ancient society</i> 45 (2015), 187–204.</li> <li>Freisenbruch, Annelise. 2010. <i>The First ladies of Rome: the women behind the Caesars</i>. London: Jonathan Cape.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octavia_the_Younger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Octavia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Octavia">Octavia</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/octavia-minor/"><i>Octavia Minor</i></a> on livius.org</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Octavia_Minor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Octavia Minor">Octavia Minor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Octavia the Younger</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Octavia+the+Younger&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Octavia+the+Younger">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Octavia+the+Younger&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/octavia.html">Octavia</a> entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. 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