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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ӗҫ_принципӗ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ӗҫ_принципӗ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ӗҫ принципӗ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ӗҫ_принципӗ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асăрхавсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асăрхавсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Асăрхавсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асăрхавсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Тупмалли" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Радио</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 154 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rfunk" title="Hörfunk — швейцари нимӗҫ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hörfunk" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцари нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%AE" title="ራዲዮ — амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ራዲዮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (medio de comunicación) — арагон" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Radio (medio de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAtweorp" title="Ūtweorp — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ūtweorp" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="اتصال راديوي — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتصال راديوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A3_%DC%A9%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܦܪܣ ܩܠܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܣ ܩܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88" title="بت د الراديو — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بت د الراديو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অনাতাঁৰ প্ৰযুক্তি — ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অনাতাঁৰ প্ৰযুক্তি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(mediu_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (mediu de comunicación) — астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radio (mediu de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो — авадхи" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — азербайджан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88" title="رادیو — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رادیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — пушкӑрт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="пушкӑрт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C4%97js" title="Radėjs — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Radėjs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91" title="Радыё — белорусси" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Радыё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91" title="Радыё — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Радыё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — пӑлхар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="пӑлхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="বেতার — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেতার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skingomz" title="Skingomz — бретань" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skingomz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0dio" title="Ràdio — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ràdio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86" title="ڕادیۆ — вăтаçĕр курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕادیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="вăтаçĕр курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiokomunikace" title="Radiokomunikace — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Radiokomunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — кашубский" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — валлий" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — датчан" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ραδιόφωνο — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραδιόφωνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2dio" title="Râdio — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Râdio" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiofonio" title="Radiofonio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radiofonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocomunicaci%C3%B3n" title="Radiocomunicación — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radiocomunicación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadio" title="Raadio — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raadio" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrati-komunikazio" title="Irrati-komunikazio — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irrati-komunikazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88" title="رادیو — фарси" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadio" title="Raadio — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Raadio" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atvarp" title="Útvarp — фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Útvarp" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocommunication" title="Radiocommunication — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radiocommunication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — хӗвеланӑҫ фриз" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="хӗвеланӑҫ фриз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3" title="Raidió — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Raidió" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8idio" title="Rèidio — гэль" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rèidio" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэль" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Radio (medio de comunicación) — галис" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radio (medio de comunicación)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галис" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDas%C3%A3i" title="Ñe'ẽasãi — гуаран" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽasãi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаран" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — мэн" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэн" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rediyo" title="Rediyo — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rediyo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/La-chi-yok" title="La-chi-yok — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="La-chi-yok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95" title="רדיו — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רדיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1di%C3%B3z%C3%A1s" title="Rádiózás — венгер" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rádiózás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8" title="Ռադիո — армян" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռադիո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atvarp" title="Útvarp — исланди" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Útvarp" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_(elettronica)" title="Radio (elettronica) — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radio (elettronica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA" title="ラジオ — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラジオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riedio" title="Riedio — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Riedio" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhio" title="Radhio — яван" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Radhio" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яван" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="რადიო — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რადიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — каракалпак" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimasi_f%C9%9By%C9%A9_ka%C5%8Bgalafu_heyinau" title="Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nimasi fɛyɩ kaŋgalafu heyinau" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BB" title="វិទ្យុ — кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិទ្យុ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B" title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4" title="라디오 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라디오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo — курд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiophonia" title="Radiophonia — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radiophonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%9B%CC%81ni_ya_lad%C3%AD%C3%B3" title="Sɛ́ni ya ladíó — лингал" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sɛ́ni ya ladíó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radijas" title="Radijas — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Radijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onjam-peo" title="Onjam-peo — малагас" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Onjam-peo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагас" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B" title="റേഡിയോ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റേഡിയോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93" title="रेडिओ — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेडिओ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(quemunica%C3%A7on)" title="Rádio (quemunicaçon) — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rádio (quemunicaçon)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ရေဒီယို — бирман" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေဒီယို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — аялти нимĕç" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="аялти нимĕç" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो — непал" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेदियो — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रेदियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — норвег нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвег нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — норвег букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвег букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0dio" title="Ràdio — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ràdio" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raadiyoo" title="Raadiyoo — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raadiyoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93" title="ਰੇਡੀਓ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਡੀਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — пангасинан" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reedio" title="Reedio — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Reedio" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ریڈیو — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریڈیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%88" title="راډيو — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="راډيو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio" title="Rádio — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rádio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankichina" title="Ankichina — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ankichina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Радіо — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Радіо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="रेडियो — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रेडियो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Араадьыйа — якут" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Араадьыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2_(%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B3)" title="ᱨᱚᱲᱭᱚᱢ (ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ) — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱲᱭᱚᱢ (ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ගුවන්විදුලිය — сингал" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුවන්විදුලිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozhlas_(zvuk)" title="Rozhlas (zvuk) — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rozhlas (zvuk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%8D" title="Letiō — самоанский" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Letiō" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redio" title="Redio — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Redio" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வானொலி — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானொலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B" title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರೇಡಿಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B" title="రేడియో — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రేడియో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — таджик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8" title="การกระจายเสียงวิทยุ — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกระจายเสียงวิทยุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99dio" title="Rədio — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rədio" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — тутар" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тутар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Радіо — украина" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Радіо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украина" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ریڈیو نشریات — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڈیو نشریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — венециан" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венециан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Radio" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_thanh_radio" title="Truyền thanh radio — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Truyền thanh radio" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Radyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce%C3%B1%C3%B1eer-mbej" title="Ceññeer-mbej — волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ceññeer-mbej" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио — калмыцкий" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Радио" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="რადიო — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რადიო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90" title="ראדיא — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראדיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="无线电" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/La-j%C3%AD-oh_h%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A0ng" title="La-jí-oh hòng-sàng — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="La-jí-oh hòng-sàng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB" title="無線電 — кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="無線電" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umsakazo" title="Umsakazo — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umsakazo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q872#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&oldid=804249" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&id=804249&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Radio" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q872" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/40px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> Ку терминăн урăх пĕлтерĕшсем пур, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радио (пĕлтерĕшсем) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Радио (пĕлтерĕшсем)</a> пăхăр.</div> <p><b>Ра́дио</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Латтин чĕлхи">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">radio</span></i> — пайăрка саратăп ← <i>radius</i> — луч) — пăралуксăр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çыхăну (техника) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">çыхăнун</a> урăхла тĕсĕ. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Информацие куçаракан (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">сигнала куçаракан</a> вырăнĕнче уçлăхра ирĕклĕ саралакан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Радиохум">радиохумсемпе</a> усă кураççĕ. </p><p>"Радио" Термин акӑлчан физик-химикне Уильям Крук 1873 ҫулта, урӑхла каласан, электромагнит хумӗсемпе усӑ курса телеграф ҫыхӑнӑвӗн пӗрремӗш опычӗсене электромагнит хумӗсемпе усӑ курса 20 ҫул маларах тата ҫак терминпа техника енӗпе усӑ курмалли пӗтӗм тӗнчери рекомендацисем киличчен пӗрремӗш хут хута янӑ. </p><p>Подкастинг-сасӑ е видеофайлсем тӑвас тата сарӑлас ӗҫ. Кӑтарту формипе радио - е телепередачӑсем евӗрлех, анчах та файлсем е юхӑм мультимедиа евӗр пур, вӗсем итлекеншӗн меллӗ вӑхӑтра тата кирек хӑш вырӑнта та интернет пулӑшнипе выляса яма пулать<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ӗҫ_принципӗ"><span id=".D3.96.D2.AB_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BF.D3.97"></span>Ӗҫ принципӗ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Ӗҫ принципӗ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ӗҫ принципӗ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Mobili%C3%A1rio_(7.1),_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_(Santa_Leopoldina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg/220px-Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg/330px-Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg/440px-Mobili%C3%A1rio_%287.1%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_do_Colono_%28Santa_Leopoldina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Малти енче (радиопередатчикра) пысӑк хӑвӑртлӑхпа паллӑ сигнал йӗркеленет (йӑтса пыракан сигнал, "хальхи хӑвӑртлӑх"). Ун ҫине информаци сигналне ҫырса хумалла (сасӑ, ӳкерчӗк тата ытти те) — информаци сигналӗпе тӑтӑшах усӑ куракан модуляци пулса иртет. Модулированиллӗ сигнал радио хумӗсем евӗр антина антралине тухса тӑрать. </p><p>Радиоприемник ӑҫтан килнине приемнӑй антеннӑра модулировани сигналне тӑратаҫҫӗ. Кунта фильтрсен системи тӗрлӗ радиопередатчиксенчен тата радиопередатчиксенчен тӗрлӗ радиопередатчиксенчен килекен сигналпа палӑрать, детектор ун ӑшӗнчен информаци (усӑллӑ) сигналне юсать. Ҫак сигнал илнӗ радиопередатчик тӗрлӗ чӑрмавсем витӗм кӳнипе уйрӑлса тӑма пултарать. </p><p>Чи малтан радио хумӗсемпе сас-чӗв кӑлармашкӑн усӑ курман. Сасӑсен сигналне продукцилеме тавҫӑракансенчен пӗрремӗшӗ канадри реджинальдденден пулнӑ, вӑл кӑмрӑк микрофонне хӗмлӗ передатчик антенна пралукне взрыва кӗртнӗ. Ҫапла Вара Раштавӑн 23-мӗшӗнче 1900 ҫулхи декабрӗн 23-мӗшӗнче 1 миля чухлӗ сасӑ сигналне панӑ. </p><p>Сасса пӑснӑ тата практикӑра усӑ курма юрӑхсӑр пулнӑ пулин те ҫак эксперимент сасӑ сигналӗн передачине лайӑхлатма пултарнине кӑтартса панӑ. Малалла экспериментсенче Улӑштарнӑ токӑн Электромашина генераторӗпе Эрнс Александерсона (альтернатор Александерсона) час-часах 50 пгса яхӑн усӑ курнӑ. Унччен Брант-Рокра (массачусетс штатӗнчи атлантика ҫыранӗнчи пысӑках мар поселение) туса лартнӑ 128 ҫулхи декабрӗн 24-мӗшӗ, 1906 ҫулхи декабрӗн 24-мӗшӗнче вӑл тӗнчери радиовеществӑллӑ сигнал пӗрремӗш передачине пурнӑҫланӑ. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:5tubes-radio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/5tubes-radio.jpg/200px-5tubes-radio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/5tubes-radio.jpg/300px-5tubes-radio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/5tubes-radio.jpg/400px-5tubes-radio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> çулхи япон радиоприемникĕ.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85_.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D1.80"></span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Çавăн пекех пăхăр пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çавăн пекех пăхăр»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95_(%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B2)" title="Радио кунĕ (уяв)">Радио кунĕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радио (журнал) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Радио (журнал)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радиопередатчик (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Радиопередатчик</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радиоприёмник (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Радиоприёмник</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Раци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Раци</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Радио хронологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Радио хронологийĕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тетел-радио (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тетел-радио</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асăрхавсем"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Асăрхавсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Асăрхавсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Асăрхавсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scanteam.pro/will-clubhouse-kill-podcasts-and-radio/">Клуб ҫуртне подкастсемпе радио улӑштарма пултарӗ-ши?</a> <small>2021 ҫулхи Пуш уйӑхӗн 24-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324071153/https://scanteam.pro/will-clubhouse-kill-podcasts-and-radio/">архивланӑ</a>.</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://r150asp.ru/">Сайт, посвящённый изобретателю радио — А. С. Попову</a> <small>2009 ҫулхи Ҫу уйӑхӗн 11-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511175416/http://www.r150asp.ru/">архивланӑ</a>.</small>, ИТАР-ТАСС при поддержке Министерства связи и массовых коммуникаций РФ</li> <li>Л. Н. Никольский. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldradioclub.ru/raznoe/hystory/hystory_041.html">Кто «изобрел» радио</a> <small>2008 ҫулхи Кӑрлач уйӑхӗн 22-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080122064647/http://www.oldradioclub.ru/raznoe/hystory/hystory_041.html">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li> <li>В. Меркулов. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer-museum.ru/connect/marconi_1.htm">Какое радио изобретал Маркони?</a></li> <li>В. Меркулов. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer-museum.ru/connect/marconi_2.htm">Когда и кем было изобретено радио</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aragul.com/gl3.htm">Отец-основатель. Человек системы или системный человек</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiation-hiend.narod.ru/Popov.htm">Александр Степанович Попов</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/tionline/menuitem.130a3558587d56e8fb2275875bac26c8/index.jsp?&pName=institute_level1_article&TheCat=1008&article=tionline/legacy/inst2005/may05/5w.fhistory.xml&">Электротехнический институт IEEE. Первая демонстрация радиоприема А. С. Поповым отмечена как историческое достижение</a> <span class="ref-info" title="акăлчан" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(акăлч.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imm.uran.ru/RUS/WIN/PUBLIC/MISC/RADIO/RADIO.HTM">Что такое радио и кто его изобрел?</a> <small>2007 ҫулхи Раштав уйӑхӗн 26-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226002554/http://www.imm.uran.ru/RUS/WIN/PUBLIC/MISC/RADIO/RADIO.HTM">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcverdier.museum.online.fr/nouvellepage3.htm">Аппараты Эжена Дюкретэ</a> <span class="ref-info" title="акăлчан" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(акăлч.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer-museum.ru/connect/histra13.htm">Радиоприемник Гульельмо Маркони</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computer-museum.ru/connect/popovpr.htm">Производство радиостанций и грозоотметчика системы Попова</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cqham.ru/articles/detail.phtml?id=738">Приемники Н. 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