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Alexis II Comnène — Wikipédia

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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession_de_Manuel_Ier_Comnène"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Succession de Manuel <span>I</span><sup>er</sup> Comnène</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_de_Manuel_Ier_Comnène-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guerres_contre_Béla_III_de_Hongrie_et_Kılıç_Arslan_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guerres_contre_Béla_III_de_Hongrie_et_Kılıç_Arslan_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Guerres contre Béla <span>III</span> de Hongrie et Kılıç Arslan <span>II</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guerres_contre_Béla_III_de_Hongrie_et_Kılıç_Arslan_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usurpation_d&#039;Andronic_Ier_Comnène" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usurpation_d&#039;Andronic_Ier_Comnène"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usurpation d'Andronic <span>I</span><sup>er</sup> Comnène</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usurpation_d&#039;Andronic_Ier_Comnène-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_Pseudo-Alexis_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_Pseudo-Alexis_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Les Pseudo-Alexis <span>II</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_Pseudo-Alexis_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analyse_du_règne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analyse_du_règne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Analyse du règne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analyse_du_règne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ascendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 45 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleixo_II_Comneno" title="Aleixo II Comneno – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aleixo II Comneno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ألكسيوس الثاني كومنينوس – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسيوس الثاني كومنينوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="الكسيوس التانى كومنينوس – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسيوس التانى كومنينوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ایکینجی آلکسیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی آلکسیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_II_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алексий II Комнин – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алексий II Комнин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleix_II_Comn%C3%A8" title="Aleix II Comnè – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aleix II Comnè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II._Komnenos" title="Alexios II. Komnenos – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexios II. Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II._(Byzanz)" title="Alexios II. (Byzanz) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexios II. (Byzanz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksios_II" title="Aleksios II – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aleksios II" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αλέξιος Β΄ Κομνηνός – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλέξιος Β΄ Κομνηνός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejo_II_Comneno" title="Alejo II Comneno – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alejo II Comneno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexio_II.a_Komneno" title="Alexio II.a Komneno – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexio II.a Komneno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="آلکسیوس دوم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلکسیوس دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksios_II_Komnenos" title="Aleksios II Komnenos – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleixo_II_Comneno" title="Aleixo II Comneno – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aleixo II Comneno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אלכסיוס השני, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסיוס השני, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksije_II._Komnen" title="Aleksije II. Komnen – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksije II. Komnen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Alexiosz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="II. Alexiosz bizánci császár – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Alexiosz bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexius_II_Komnenos" title="Alexius II Komnenos – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexius II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessio_II_Comneno" title="Alessio II Comneno – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alessio II Comneno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B92%E4%B8%96%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8D%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9" title="アレクシオス2世コムネノス – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクシオス2世コムネノス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_II_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ალექსი II (ბიზანტია) – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსი II (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_2%EC%84%B8_%EC%BD%A4%EB%8B%88%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="알렉시오스 2세 콤니노스 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉시오스 2세 콤니노스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexius_II_Comnenus" title="Alexius II Comnenus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexius II Comnenus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98_II_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алексиј II Комнин – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алексиј II Комнин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_II" title="അലക്സിയസ് II – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലക്സിയസ് II" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksy_II_Komnen" title="Aleksy II Komnen – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksy II Komnen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleixo_II_Comneno" title="Aleixo II Comneno – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aleixo II Comneno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexie_al_II-lea_Comnenul" title="Alexie al II-lea Comnenul – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexie al II-lea Comnenul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_II_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алексей II Комнин – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алексей II Комнин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksije_II_Komnin" title="Aleksije II Komnin – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aleksije II Komnin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksej_II._Komnen" title="Aleksej II. Komnen – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aleksej II. Komnen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_II_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алексије II Комнин – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алексије II Комнин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิอเล็กซิออสที่ 2 โคมเนนอส – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิอเล็กซิออสที่ 2 โคมเนนอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Aleksios" title="II. Aleksios – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Aleksios" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9_II_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Олексій II Комнін – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олексій II Комнін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="الیکسیوس دوم کومنینوس – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیکسیوس دوم کومنینوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexios II Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿历克塞二世 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿历克塞二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41849#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote bandeau-entete-label"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles"><img alt="Wikipédia:Bons articles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/23px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/30px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Vous lisez un «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a>&#160;» labellisé en 2015. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Alexis_II" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexis II">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> et <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Comn%C3%A8ne_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexis Comnène (homonymie)">Alexis Comnène (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#883A80;color:#FFFFFF;">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#e6b7e1; color:#000000">Empereur byzantin</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_(Mutinensis_-_color).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Alexis II Comnène" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/150px-142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/225px-142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/300px-142_-_Alexios_II_Komnenos_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="726" /></a></span> <br />Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène, manuscrit, <i><a href="/wiki/Jean_Zonaras" title="Jean Zonaras">Zonaras</a></i> (<span class="nowrap">gr. 122</span>, <span class="nowrap">fol. 293r</span>) de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Estense_(Mod%C3%A8ne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque Estense (Modène)">Bibliothèque Estense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8ne" title="Modène">Modène</a>, seconde moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#e6b7e1; color:#000000">Règne</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><time class="nowrap" datetime="1180-10-01" data-sort-value="1180-10-01">24 septembre 1180</time> - <time class="nowrap" datetime="1183-10" data-sort-value="1183-10">octobre 1183</time></b></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">Période </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Comn%C3%A8ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Comnène">Comnène</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Précédé par </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Suivi de </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#e6b7e1; color:#000000">Biographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Naissance </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1169-09-17" data-sort-value="1169-09-17"><a href="/wiki/10_septembre" title="10 septembre">10 septembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a></time><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Décès </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1183-10" data-sort-value="1183-10"><a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">octobre 1183</a></time> (à 14&#160;ans)<br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mère </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Épouse </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_de_France_(1171-1240)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnès de France (1171-1240)">Agnès de France</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #e6b7e1 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Empereur_romain" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Grec_byzantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Grec byzantin">grec byzantin</a>&#160;: <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Αλέξιος Βʹ Κομνηνός</span>), né le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1169-09-17" data-sort-value="1169-09-17">10 septembre 1169</time> et mort en <a href="/wiki/Octobre" title="Octobre">octobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a>, est un <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_empereurs_byzantins" title="Liste des empereurs byzantins">empereur</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_byzantin" title="Empire byzantin">byzantin</a> de <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a> à <a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a>. Fils de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a>, il épouse en 1180 <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_de_France_(1171-1240)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnès de France (1171-1240)">Agnès de France</a>, fille de <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_le_Jeune" title="Louis VII le Jeune">Louis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr> le Jeune</a> et d'<a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_Champagne" title="Adèle de Champagne">Adèle de Champagne</a> et rebaptisée Anna. </p><p>Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> est couronné co-empereur deux ans après sa naissance et succède à son père quelques mois après son mariage. Sa mère, Marie d'Antioche, assume la régence avec le <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9baste_(titre)" title="Sébaste (titre)"><i>protosébaste</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Comn%C3%A8ne_(protos%C3%A9baste)" title="Alexis Comnène (protosébaste)">Alexis Comnène</a>, neveu de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>. Leur régime favorise à tel point les marchands italiens et l'aristocratie du palais que le mécontentement populaire permet à <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic Comnène</a>, un autre membre de la <a href="/wiki/Maison_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Maison Comnène">maison Comnène</a>, de fomenter une révolution qui chasse la régence à la suite du <a href="/wiki/Massacre_des_Latins_de_Constantinople" title="Massacre des Latins de Constantinople">massacre des Latins de Constantinople</a>. Affectant la plus parfaite loyauté à l'endroit de l'empereur, Andronic fait couronner Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène une deuxième fois le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1182-05-23" data-sort-value="1182-05-23">16 mai 1182</time>. D'un caractère faible, surtout porté vers les plaisirs, l'adolescent est totalement sous la coupe d'Andronic, y compris en condamnant à mort sa propre mère l'année suivante. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1183-09" data-sort-value="1183-09">septembre 1183</time>, <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> se fait couronner co-empereur, puis, n'ayant plus besoin d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, fait étrangler celui-ci deux mois plus tard. Par la suite, plusieurs personnages prétendent être Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> pour revendiquer le trône. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sources"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Né une dizaine d'années avant Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> et membre de la petite noblesse, <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9tas_Choniat%C3%A8s" title="Nicétas Choniatès">Nicétas Choniatès</a> est la principale source de référence pour la période 1118-1206. D'abord fonctionnaire dans la région de la mer Noire, il revient par la suite à Constantinople. Retiré de la vie publique durant le règne d'<a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>, il reprend du service lors de l'avènement d'<a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Ange</a>. Après la chute de Constantinople aux mains des croisés, il s'enfuit à <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9e" title="Nicée">Nicée</a> à la suite de l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Ier_Lascaris" title="Théodore Ier Lascaris">Théodore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Lascaris</a>. C'est là qu'il complète son <i>Histoire des temps</i> (<i>Chronike diegesis</i>) en 21 volumes. Celle-ci commence là où s'achève le récit d'<a href="/wiki/Anne_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Anne Comnène">Anne Comnène</a> et retrace en détail l'histoire des troisième et quatrième croisades. Il y rédige également une autre œuvre, moins importante, «&#160;Sur les statues détruites par les Latins&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996374_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996374-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_de_Manuel_Ier_Comnène"><span id="Succession_de_Manuel_Ier_Comn.C3.A8ne"></span>Succession de Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Succession de Manuel Ier Comnène" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Succession de Manuel Ier Comnène"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>.</div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Empire-byzantin-1180.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carte de l&#39;Empire byzantin au moment de l&#39;arrivée au pouvoir d&#39;Alexis II." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Empire-byzantin-1180.svg/220px-Empire-byzantin-1180.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Empire-byzantin-1180.svg/330px-Empire-byzantin-1180.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Empire-byzantin-1180.svg/440px-Empire-byzantin-1180.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption>L'Empire byzantin en 1180.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le règne de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> (1143-1180) avait marqué l'apogée de la «&#160;restauration Comnène&#160;»<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan19911289_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan19911289-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1161, il avait épousé en secondes noces <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a>, sœur du prince <a href="/wiki/Boh%C3%A9mond_III_d%27Antioche" title="Bohémond III d&#39;Antioche">Bohémond&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Antioche</a> et fille de <a href="/wiki/Raymond_de_Poitiers" title="Raymond de Poitiers">Raymond de Poitiers</a>. Étrangère et première Latine à régner à Constantinople, celle-ci ne fut jamais acceptée ni par la <a href="/wiki/Maison_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Maison Comnène">famille Comnène</a> ni par le peuple de Constantinople<sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006273_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006273-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan19911288_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan19911288-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Manuel, alors au sommet de sa puissance, en paix avec les <a href="/wiki/Normands" title="Normands">Normands</a> et l'empereur du Saint-Empire <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">Frédéric Barberousse</a>, avait signé une trêve avec l'émir d'Alep <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din" title="Nur ad-Din">Nur ad-Din</a> et avec le sultan Seldjoukide <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7_Arslan_Ier" title="Kılıç Arslan Ier">Kılıç Arslan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a> qui s'étaient reconnus vassal de l'Empire. Il voulut profiter de la mort du roi <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Géza II de Hongrie">Géza&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a> pour mettre au pas ce pays qui, avec la <a href="/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie">Serbie</a>, constituaient une source constante d'agitation et les forcer à rendre à l'Empire la région de <a href="/wiki/Izmir" title="Izmir">Smyrne</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Dalmatie" title="Dalmatie">Dalmatie</a>. Deux prétendants au trône s'affrontaient&#160;: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_IV_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne IV de Hongrie">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a> qui, en tant que collatéral le plus âgé, était reconnu par la loi comme le prétendant légitime et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_III_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne III de Hongrie">Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a>, fils de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Géza II de Hongrie">Géza&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a>. Lorsqu'Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> l'emporta l'année suivante, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> conclut avec lui un traité en fonction duquel le jeune frère de celui-ci, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Béla III de Hongrie">Béla de Hongrie</a>, serait envoyé à <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> et fiancé à <a href="/wiki/Marie_Comn%C3%A8ne_(1152-1182)" title="Marie Comnène (1152-1182)">Marie Comnène</a>, fille du <i>basileus</i>. Ayant reçu le titre de <i>despote</i> et Manuel n'ayant pas d'héritier mâle, il serait appelé à lui succéder, réunissant ainsi la <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a> à l'Empire. Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> percevait les intentions de Manuel, et, s'il accepta d'envoyer Béla à Constantinople, il retint son apanage, c'est-à-dire Smyrne et la Dalmatie. Une guerre de six ans s'ensuivit au terme de laquelle Manuel parvint à reconquérir ces deux territoires<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995128-129_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995128-129-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Manuelcomnenus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manuel Ier." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Manuelcomnenus.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène, père d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène.</figcaption></figure> <p>Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> naquit le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1169-09-17" data-sort-value="1169-09-17">10 septembre 1169</time> et remplaça alors Béla comme héritier légitime. Ce dernier fut rétrogradé au rang de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_(titre)" title="César (titre)"><i>césar</i></a> et ses fiançailles avec Marie rompues. Il demeura cependant à la cour de Constantinople et épousa <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_d%27Antioche" title="Agnès d&#39;Antioche">Agnès d'Antioche</a>, demi-sœur de l'impératrice. Un nouveau conflit aurait pu éclater après qu'Alexis eut été couronné co-empereur en 1171. Cependant, Étienne&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> mourut en 1173, une délégation hongroise vint alors demander que Béla retourne à Budapest pour lui succéder. <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> accepta à condition que Béla lui jura de maintenir les intérêts de Constantinople, se comportant ainsi en véritable suzerain. Les relations avec la Hongrie devaient continuer à occuper une place importante pendant le court règne d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006274_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006274-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Angold1984178_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angold1984178-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-KazhdanEpstein1985102_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KazhdanEpstein1985102-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> mourut le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1180-10-01" data-sort-value="1180-10-01">24 septembre 1180</time> alors que son fils n'avait que onze ans. Quelques mois auparavant, afin de compléter sa réconciliation avec <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_le_Jeune" title="Louis VII le Jeune">Louis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr> le Jeune</a> roi des Francs, il avait marié le jeune Alexis à la fille de Louis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr> le Jeune, <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_de_France_(1171-1240)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnès de France (1171-1240)">Agnès de France</a>, elle-même âgée de neuf ans. En cas de minorité, il avait confié la régence à <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a> à condition que celle-ci prenne l'habit monastique. Obéissant aux volontés de son époux, Marie revêtit la <i>mandya</i> et prit le nom de «&#160;Xena&#160;», <i>l'étrangère</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996418_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996418-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold1997650_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold1997650-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ceci ne l'empêcha nullement toutefois de continuer à vivre au palais et de prendre un amant, le <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9baste_(titre)" title="Sébaste (titre)">protosébaste</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Comn%C3%A8ne_(protos%C3%A9baste)" title="Alexis Comnène (protosébaste)">Alexis Comnène</a>, neveu de Manuel et oncle de la reine de Jérusalem, avec qui elle continua à diriger les affaires de l'État. Si les succès militaires de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> compensaient aux yeux des Byzantins son penchant pour tout ce qui venait d'Occident, ils n'avaient pas la même tolérance pour son épouse qui, en plus d'être latine, avantageait les marchands italiens et francs lesquels, en vertu des privilèges qui leur avaient été accordés, menaient une concurrence jugée déloyale aux marchands locaux<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995140_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995140-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006104_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006104-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006280_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006280-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Rapidement, une conspiration ourdie par des membres de la famille Comnène se forma autour de la fille de Manuel, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Comn%C3%A8ne_(1152-1182)" title="Marie Comnène (1152-1182)">Marie Comnène</a> et de son mari <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9nier_de_Montferrat_(1162-1183)" title="Rénier de Montferrat (1162-1183)">Rénier de Montferrat</a>. Le but était probablement d'assassiner le <i>protosébaste</i> et de permettre aux membres de la famille d'exercer la régence au nom d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>. Dénoncés, Marie et Rénier se réfugièrent à <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Sophie_(Constantinople)" title="Sainte-Sophie (Constantinople)">Sainte-Sophie</a> sous la protection du patriarche <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_le_Boradiote" title="Théodose le Boradiote">Théodose le Boradiote</a>, de mercenaires géorgiens et italiens ainsi que de gens du peuple. Ils y demeurèrent deux mois marqués par une agitation toujours plus vive. Finalement, ils consentirent à se rendre moyennant une amnistie accordée par la régence. Le patriarche, pour sa part, fut envoyé en exil provoquant un nouveau soulèvement. Faisant à nouveau preuve de faiblesse, la régence lui permit de revenir en grande pompe à Constantinople<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold1997650-651-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006281_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006281-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995141_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995141-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guerres_contre_Béla_III_de_Hongrie_et_Kılıç_Arslan_II"><span id="Guerres_contre_B.C3.A9la_III_de_Hongrie_et_K.C4.B1l.C4.B1.C3.A7_Arslan_II"></span>Guerres contre Béla&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Hongrie et Kılıç Arslan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Guerres contre Béla III de Hongrie et Kılıç Arslan II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Guerres contre Béla III de Hongrie et Kılıç Arslan II"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bela_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Béla III de Hongrie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bela_3.jpg/170px-Bela_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bela_3.jpg/255px-Bela_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bela_3.jpg/340px-Bela_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Le roi <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Béla III de Hongrie">Béla&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a>, grand ami de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>, se hâta de reprendre la région de Smyrne et la Dalmatie à la mort de ce dernier.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pour sa part, Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> ne semblait montrer aucune disposition pour le pouvoir. <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9tas_Choniat%C3%A8s" title="Nicétas Choniatès">Nicétas Choniatès</a> le décrit comme&#160;: </p> <blockquote> <p>«&#160;Ce jeune prince si plein de vanité et d'orgueil et pourtant si démuni de tout talent et de toute capacité qu'il était incapable de faire la moindre chose… Il passait sa vie à jouer ou à chasser, tout en acquérant l'habitude de vices invétérés<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&#160;» </p> </blockquote> <p>Devant la faiblesse de la régence, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Béla III de Hongrie">Béla&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Hongrie</a> que ne retenait plus son amitié personnelle pour <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, se hâta de reprendre la <a href="/wiki/Dalmatie" title="Dalmatie">Dalmatie</a>, la plus grande partie de la <a href="/wiki/Croatie" title="Croatie">Croatie</a> et la région de <a href="/wiki/Izmir" title="Izmir">Smyrne</a> en 1181. En 1183, avec l'aide du grand <a href="/wiki/Joupan" title="Joupan">joupan</a> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a> de Serbie, il attaqua l'Empire&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devo_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Braničevo (région)">Braničevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> furent conquises et pillées. En <a href="/wiki/Anatolie" title="Anatolie">Asie mineure</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7_Arslan_II" title="Kılıç Arslan II">Kılıç Arslan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> réussit à couper le lien entre l'Empire et la côte en s'emparant de <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya" title="Kütahya">Cotyaeum</a> (aujourd’hui Kütaya) en <a href="/wiki/Phrygie" title="Phrygie">Phrygie</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Uluborlu" title="Uluborlu">Sozopolis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pisidie" title="Pisidie">Pisidie</a>, et se rendit jusqu'à <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, pendant que le roi d'Arménie, <a href="/wiki/Roupen_III_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" class="mw-redirect" title="Roupen III d&#39;Arménie">Roupen&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Arménie</a>, s'avançait en <a href="/wiki/Cilicie" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a> byzantine<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995144_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995144-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold1997650-651-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan1991278,_1128_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan1991278,_1128-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usurpation_d'Andronic_Ier_Comnène"><span id="Usurpation_d.27Andronic_Ier_Comn.C3.A8ne"></span>Usurpation d'Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Usurpation d&#039;Andronic Ier Comnène" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Usurpation d&#039;Andronic Ier Comnène"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>.</div></div> <p>Andronic Comnène entra alors en scène. Fils d'<a href="/wiki/Isaac_Comn%C3%A8ne_(fils_d%27Alexis_Ier)" title="Isaac Comnène (fils d&#39;Alexis Ier)">Isaac Comnène</a> le frère de <a href="/wiki/Jean_II_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Jean II Comnène">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène</a>, il avait été élevé à la cour du sultan d'<a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Iconium</a> en compagnie de son cousin germain, le futur empereur Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène avec qui il se brouilla à maintes reprises. Contrairement au futur empereur, il détestait autant la noblesse féodale que l'esprit pro-occidental régnant à la cour. Esprit cultivé, excellent soldat, fin courtisan, c'était aussi un homme dénué de tout scrupule, avide de pouvoir et fort ambitieux. Sa liaison avec la sœur de la maîtresse du <i>basileus</i> lui avait valu d'être écarté de Constantinople et envoyé comme duc de Cilicie en 1151. Convaincu de complot contre l'empereur, il avait abouti en prison en 1154 d'où il s'était échappé pour trouver refuge à la cour du grand prince <a href="/wiki/Iaroslav_II_de_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Iaroslav II de Kiev">Iaroslav&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> de Kiev</a>. Réconcilié une première fois avec Manuel, il retrouva son poste de gouverneur de Cilicie, mais ne tarda pas à le perdre à nouveau par son inconduite. Commença alors une vie errante qui le conduisit à <a href="/wiki/Beyrouth" title="Beyrouth">Beyrouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damas" title="Damas">Damas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a> puis <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzerum</a>. Réconcilié à nouveau avec <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a>, peu avant la mort de celui-ci, il revint à Constantinople, lui jurant fidélité éternelle ainsi qu'à son fils Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène. Autant par sagesse politique qu'en raison du scandale que représentait la liaison d'Andronic avec la cousine de celui-ci, la reine <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odora_Comn%C3%A8ne_(femme_de_Baudouin_III_de_J%C3%A9rusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Théodora Comnène (femme de Baudouin III de Jérusalem)">Théodora Comnène</a>, veuve du roi <a href="/wiki/Baudouin_III_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Baudouin III de Jérusalem">Baudouin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Jérusalem</a>, avec qui il avait eu deux enfants, Manuel l'éloigna de la capitale et en fit le gouverneur de la province du <a href="/wiki/Pont_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Pont (région)">Pont</a> sur la <a href="/wiki/Mer_Noire" title="Mer Noire">mer Noire</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006281-282_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006281-282-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995141-142_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995141-142-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Angold1984222_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angold1984222-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006116-117_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006116-117-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996418_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996418-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Death_of_andronic_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mort d&#39;Andronic Ier." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Death_of_andronic_I.png/220px-Death_of_andronic_I.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Death_of_andronic_I.png/330px-Death_of_andronic_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Death_of_andronic_I.png/440px-Death_of_andronic_I.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Au cours de son règne, Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène tenta de réformer l'administration en profondeur. Mais ne connaissant d'autre méthode que la violence, il sera rapidement renversé et littéralement mis en pièces par la population de Constantinople.</figcaption></figure> <p>C’est là qu'Andronic apprit le décès de Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> et l'hostilité grandissante dont la régence faisait l'objet. </p><p>Il commença par envoyer une lettre à l'empereur et au patriarche pour dénoncer les abus de la cour et les pouvoirs du <i>protosébaste</i>. Puis, en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1182-04" data-sort-value="1182-04">avril 1182</time>, sentant le moment venu d'entrer en action, il marcha sur Constantinople avec une petite armée. Les troupes envoyées par la régence et commandées par <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Doukas_Ange" title="Andronic Doukas Ange">Andronic Doukas Ange</a> pour lui barrer la route auraient dû s'avérer suffisantes pour arrêter sa marche. Toutefois, il parvint à les défaire près de <a href="/wiki/Nicom%C3%A9die" title="Nicomédie">Nicomédie</a>, à la suite de quoi les troupes d'Andronic Doukas Ange se rallièrent à lui tout comme l'amiral de la flotte impériale, Kontostephanos, en <a href="/wiki/Chalc%C3%A9doine" title="Chalcédoine">Chalcédoine</a>. Désormais en position de force, il rejeta le compromis offert par le <i>protosébaste</i>, fit arrêter celui-ci, le fit jeter en prison et quelque temps après le fit aveugler. Il exigea également l'entrée définitive de <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a> dans un couvent. En mai, le peuple de Constantinople qui s'était entre-temps rallié à Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> donna libre cours à la <a href="/wiki/Massacre_des_Latins_de_Constantinople" title="Massacre des Latins de Constantinople">fureur accumulée</a> depuis des années contre les <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nois" title="Génois">Génois</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Pisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisans">Pisans</a>. Nombre de ceux-ci s'étaient déjà enfuis à l'approche des troupes d'Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr>. Ceux qui restaient furent assassinés. Les rescapés qui réussirent à atteindre la <a href="/wiki/Syrie" title="Syrie">Syrie</a> répandirent des récits d'horreur, comme celui de l'hôpital des chevaliers de Saint-Jean où les malades furent tués dans leur lit, ou celui du légat papal décapité par la foule dont la tête fut attachée à la queue d’un chien, y mêlant les accusations habituelles de schisme et de collusion avec le monde musulman. Il n'en fallait pas moins pour unir contre Constantinople les cours européennes, la papauté et les royaumes latins détruisant ainsi le potentiel de bonne volonté accumulé par <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a><sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995142-143_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995142-143-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006116-119_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006116-119-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan199194_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan199194-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold1997650-651-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006282_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006282-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Angold1984264_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angold1984264-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Certain de pouvoir renverser la régence, Andronic fit son entrée à Constantinople en septembre et s'empressa de faire couronner Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène à <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Sophie_(Constantinople)" title="Sainte-Sophie (Constantinople)">Sainte-Sophie</a>. Ensuite, il fit empoisonner <a href="/wiki/Marie_Comn%C3%A8ne_(1152-1182)" title="Marie Comnène (1152-1182)">Marie Comnène</a> et <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9nier_de_Montferrat_(1162-1183)" title="Rénier de Montferrat (1162-1183)">Rénier de Montferrat</a> avant d'obliger le jeune Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> à signer l'arrêt de mort de sa mère, <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a>, accusée de collusion avec le roi de Hongrie. Elle fut étranglée dans sa cellule. Le patriarche <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_le_Boradiote" title="Théodose le Boradiote">Théodose le Boradiote</a>, sentant ce qui allait venir et sachant qu'il ne pourrait y résister préféra démissionner et fut remplacé par un fidèle d'Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr>, <a href="/wiki/Basile_II_Kamat%C3%A9ros" title="Basile II Kamatéros">Basile&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Kamatéros</a>. Enfin, la plupart des dignitaires du palais furent remplacés par des hommes dévoués à Alexis. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1183-09" data-sort-value="1183-09">septembre 1183</time>, après que deux des fils d'<a href="/wiki/Andronic_Doukas_Ange" title="Andronic Doukas Ange">Andronic Doukas Ange</a>, Théodore et Isaac, eurent quitté leur refuge en <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Palestine (région)">Palestine</a> pour fomenter une rébellion à <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9e" title="Nicée">Nicée</a>, Andronic Comnène jugea bon de se faire couronner co-empereur. Quelques semaines plus tard, Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène était étranglé dans son lit et son corps jeté dans le Bosphore. Seul empereur, <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> se hâta d'épouser la veuve d'Alexis, <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_de_France_(1171-1240)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnès de France (1171-1240)">Agnès de France</a>, de cinquante ans sa cadette. Par la suite, divers usurpateurs empruntèrent l'identité d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> et prétendirent à son héritage. L'un d'entre eux força même l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Alexis_III_Ange" title="Alexis III Ange">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> Ange</a> à négocier avec lui après avoir trouvé refuge chez le sultan d'Iconium<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich1995143_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich1995143-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2006118_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2006118-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Angold1984265_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angold1984265-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold1997653_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold1997653-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier2006283,_290_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier2006283,_290-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996419_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996419-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_Pseudo-Alexis_II">Les Pseudo-Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Les Pseudo-Alexis II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les Pseudo-Alexis II"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Une des originalités liées à Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> est la multiplicité des personnages ultérieurs qui se réclament de son identité, pour s'arroger un droit au trône impérial à la suite de l'usurpation d'Andronic mais aussi sous le règne d'<a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Ange</a> (1185-1195). Selon <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Cheynet" title="Jean-Claude Cheynet">Jean-Claude Cheynet</a>, ils sont les incarnations de la popularité de la dynastie des Comnènes alors en phase d'extinction. Dès 1184, un jeune paysan originaire de Bagénétia se fait passer pour l'empereur défunt, probablement à l'instigation d'un moine du nom d'Alexis Sikountènos, qui le fait voyager à travers les <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> avec un certain succès<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>CH 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/Normands" title="Normands">Normands</a> se servent même de lui pour prétendre agir en son nom et le rétablir sur le trône, justifiant par-là leur invasion de l'Empire byzantin en 1185<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par la suite, d'autres hommes s'emparent de cette identité en <a href="/wiki/Asie_Mineure" class="mw-redirect" title="Asie Mineure">Asie Mineure</a>. En 1192, l'un d'eux, surnommé <i>Kausalônès</i>, se rend auprès du <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Roum" title="Sultanat de Roum">sultanat de Roum</a> pour demander le soutien de <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7_Arslan_II" title="Kılıç Arslan II">Kılıç Arslan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a>. Ce dernier, probablement méfiant, ne lui octroie pas un soutien officiel mais lui permet de recruter plusieurs milliers de <a href="/wiki/Turkm%C3%A8nes" title="Turkmènes">Turcomans</a> et, avec cette armée, le Pseudo-Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> pénètre dans la vallée du <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9andre_(fleuve)" title="Méandre (fleuve)">Méandre</a> sans rencontrer trop d'oppositions. En effet, le frère d'Isaac&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, <a href="/wiki/Alexis_III_Ange" title="Alexis III Ange">Alexis Ange</a> se montre peu efficace. Finalement, il est tué par un prêtre au sein de son campement, lui reprochant probablement son alliance avec des Musulmans<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>CH 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon certains témoignages, sa ressemblance avec Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> est frappante. Peu après, un autre Pseudo-Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> se manifeste en <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonie" title="Paphlagonie">Paphlagonie</a> avant d'être arrêté et exécuté par <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Choumnos" title="Théodore Choumnos">Théodore Choumnos</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>CH 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> puis, en 1195-1196, c'est un homme originaire de <a href="/wiki/Cilicie" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a> qui se réclame de l'identité d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>. Soutenu par les Turcs de la région d'<a href="/wiki/Ancyre" title="Ancyre">Ancyre</a>, il sème le trouble sur la frontière avec l'Empire byzantin, désormais dirigé par <a href="/wiki/Alexis_III_Ange" title="Alexis III Ange">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> Ange</a> qui doit se déplacer en personne. L'empereur se rend notamment à <a href="/wiki/Malagina" title="Malagina">Malagina</a> pour convaincre la population, récemment approchée par le pseudo-Alexis, que celui-ci est un imposteur. Ce dernier est finalement tué à <a href="/wiki/Gangra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangra">Gangra</a> dans des circonstances mystérieuses<sup id="cite_ref-Choniatès1984253-254_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choniatès1984253-254-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>CH 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analyse_du_règne"><span id="Analyse_du_r.C3.A8gne"></span>Analyse du règne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Analyse du règne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Analyse du règne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De par la brièveté du règne et en raison du peu d'implications dans les affaires publiques d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, il est difficile de déterminer les réussites ou les échecs à mettre à l'actif de cet empereur. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Manuel_I,_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_(Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg/220px-Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg/330px-Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg/440px-Manuel_I%2C_Alexios_II_and_Agnes_%28Vat.gr.1851_folio_7r%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Enluminure d'un manuscrit représentant Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> au centre entouré d'Agnès de France et du jeune Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En revanche, la rapidité avec laquelle la situation intérieure de l'Empire byzantin se dégrade après la mort de <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> symbolise la faiblesse des fondations du pouvoir impérial sous la dynastie Comnène<sup id="cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996417-418_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996417-418-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Déjà durant les règnes des empereurs précédents, des membres de la famille Comnène ont tenté de mettre la main sur le trône, à l'image d'<a href="/wiki/Anne_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Anne Comnène">Anne Comnène</a> qui essaie d'évincer <a href="/wiki/Jean_II_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Jean II Comnène">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène</a> lors de la succession d'<a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Alexis Ier Comnène">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dès lors qu'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> n'est pas en mesure de prendre les rênes du pouvoir et qu'une régence se met en place, la puissance des liens familiaux sur laquelle est basée la légitimité des Comnène s'effondre, d'autant que <a href="/wiki/Marie_d%27Antioche_(1145-1182)" title="Marie d&#39;Antioche (1145-1182)">Marie d'Antioche</a> ne dispose guère d'un réseau d'influence étendu<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Angold" title="Michael Angold">Michael Angold</a> affirme que le choix de cette régente brise l'équilibre fragile sur lequel repose le pouvoir impérial&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;La vie politique byzantine reposait sur un équilibre délicat entre les intérêts que Manuel Comnène était parvenu à préserver. Maintenant qu'il avait disparu, les disputes politiques étaient prêtes à éclater au moindre prétexte.&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> Des contestations du pouvoir apparaissent alors rapidement, portées par Andronic, qui représente cette famille Comnène étendue qui aspire à accéder au pouvoir et qui s'appuie sur les membres de l'ancienne aristocratie mis de côté par le réseau familial impérial. Ainsi que l'exprime <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Malamut" title="Élisabeth Malamut">Élisabeth Malamut</a>&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;Les jalousies s'exacerbaient au sein de la proche famille jusqu'au point où Andronic avec la complicité du peuple et de l'aristocratie des fonctionnaires de Constantinople, qui se sentaient trahis dans leurs aspirations par le système Comnène, se hissa au faîte de l'Empire.&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Elisabeth_Malamut2007454_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elisabeth_Malamut2007454-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> La suite des événements avec le règne d'<a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> confirme ce constat de fragilité du système établi par les Comnène et en vingt ans seulement, l'œuvre restauratrice et refondatrice d'<a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Alexis Ier Comnène">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a> et de ses successeurs est mise à mal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascendance">Ascendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Ascendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ascendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:1.6em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);">Ascendance d'Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Comnène</div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <center><table style="border-spacing: 0px; font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="126" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="126"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="126"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Comn%C3%A8ne_(domestique_des_Scholes)" title="Jean Comnène (domestique des Scholes)">Jean Comnène</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="6" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; 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padding-bottom: 0;;">33. Marie</td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Alexis Ier Comnène">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="14" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">34. 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Adrienne (?) 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Doukas_(fils_du_c%C3%A9sar_Jean_Doukas)" title="Andronic Doukas (fils du césar Jean Doukas)">Andronic Doukas</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">38. <a href="/wiki/Trayan_de_Bulgarie" title="Trayan de Bulgarie">Trayan de Bulgarie</a></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">39. 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">59. <a href="/wiki/Berthe_de_Hollande" title="Berthe de Hollande">Berthe de Hollande</a></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">63.&#160;?</td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table></center> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Cheynet1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Claude_Cheynet1990">Jean-Claude Cheynet, <cite class="italique">Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210)</cite>, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, <time>1990</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/3837">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pouvoir+et+contestations+%C3%A0+Byzance+%28963-1210%29&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Publications+de+la+Sorbonne&amp;rft.aulast=Cheynet&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables."><img alt="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/10px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/15px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/20px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="860" /></span></span> «&#160;Des facteurs favorables à la cohésion […] soutiendraient le vainqueur&#160;» .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables."><img alt="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/10px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/15px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/20px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="860" /></span></span> «&#160;P. P. Le Pseudo-Alexis dit Kausalônès […] bib. Hoffmann, Rudimente, p. 40-41.&#160;» </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables."><img alt="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/10px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/15px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/20px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="860" /></span></span> «&#160;P. P. Un Pseudo-Alexis […] bib. Hoffmann, Rudimente, p. 41.&#160;» </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables."><img alt="Un ouvrage électronique étant parfois dépourvu de pagination, l&#39;emplacement de la référence est donné par ces membres de phrases, qui sont aisément recherchables." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/10px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/15px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%22Bookmark%22.svg/20px-%22Bookmark%22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="860" /></span></span> «&#160;P. P. Pseudo-Alexis, originaire de Cilicie […] Hoffmann, Rudimente, p. 41-43&#160;» .</span> </li> </ol> </div> <ul><li>Autre références</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996374-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996374_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ostrogorsky1996">Ostrogorsky 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;374. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan19911289-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan19911289_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;1289. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006273-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006273_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;273. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan19911288-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan19911288_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;1288. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995128-129-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995128-129_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;128-129. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006274-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006274_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;274. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angold1984178-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Angold1984178_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Angold1984">Angold 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;178. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KazhdanEpstein1985102-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-KazhdanEpstein1985102_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#KazhdanEpstein1985">Kazhdan et Epstein 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;102. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996418-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996418_9-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996418_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ostrogorsky1996">Ostrogorsky 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;418. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold1997650-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold1997650_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Treadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;650. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995140-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995140_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;140. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2006104-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006104_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris2006">Harris 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;104. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006280-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006280_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;280. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold1997650-651-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold1997650-651_14-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Treadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;650-651. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006281-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006281_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;281. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995141-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995141_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;141. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris2006">Harris 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;116-117&#160;: [Faisant remarquer que Marie était elle-même mariée à un Latin, Harris met en doute l’existence d’un véritable sentiment antilatin à Constantinople, soulignant davantage la haine de la famille Comnène à l’endroit des étrangers, jalousie que partageait sans doute Nicolas Choniatès dont le témoignage n’est pas toujours impartial].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Nicétas Choniatès, cité par <a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;140&#160;; toutefois Kazhdan et Epstein (<a href="#KazhdanEpstein1985">Kazhdan et Epstein 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;228) que vers la fin des Chroniques, Choniatès semble avoir développé un préjugé défavorable à la jeunesse qui trouve rarement grâce à ses yeux.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995144-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995144_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;144. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan1991278,_1128-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan1991278,_1128_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;278, 1128. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006281-282-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006281-282_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;281-282. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995141-142-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995141-142_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;141-142. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angold1984222-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Angold1984222_23-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Angold1984">Angold 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;222. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2006116-117-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006116-117_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris2006">Harris 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;116-117. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995142-143-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995142-143_25-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;142-143. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2006116-119-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006116-119_26-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris2006">Harris 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;116-119. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan199194-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan199194_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;94. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006282-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006282_28-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;282. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angold1984264-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Angold1984264_29-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Angold1984">Angold 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;264. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich1995143-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Norwich1995143_30-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Norwich1995">Norwich 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;143. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2006118-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2006118_31-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris2006">Harris 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;118. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angold1984265-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Angold1984265_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Angold1984">Angold 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;265. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold1997653-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold1997653_33-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Treadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;653. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier2006283,_290-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier2006283,_290_34-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bréhier2006">Bréhier 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;283, 290. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996419-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996419_35-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ostrogorsky1996">Ostrogorsky 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;419. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Angold2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Angold2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Angold" title="Michael Angold">Michael Angold</a>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The State of Research. The Road to 1204: The Byzantine Background to the Fourth Crusade</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of Medieval History</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;25/3,&#8206; <time>2004</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+State+of+Research.+The+Road+to+1204%3A+The+Byzantine+Background+to+the+Fourth+Crusade&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&amp;rft.aulast=Angold&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.volume=25%2F3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;271 (note 56).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Choniatès1984253-254-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Choniatès1984253-254_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Choniatès1984">Choniatès 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;253-254. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostrogorsky1996417-418-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrogorsky1996417-418_42-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ostrogorsky1996">Ostrogorsky 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;417-418. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Malamut2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elisabeth_Malamut2007">Elisabeth Malamut, <cite class="italique">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> Comnène</cite>, Ellipses Marketing, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Bio.Historique&#160;», <time>2007</time>, 526&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7298-3310-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7298-3310-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7298-3310-7</span></a>)</small>, p. 453-454<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Alexis%26nbsp%3BIer+Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;rft.pub=Ellipses+Marketing&amp;rft.aulast=Malamut&amp;rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pages=p.+453-454&amp;rft.tpages=526&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7298-3310-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cheynet2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Claude_Cheynet2006">Jean-Claude Cheynet, <cite class="italique">Le monde byzantin&#160;: tome 2, L'Empire byzantin 641-1204</cite>, Presses universitaires de France - PUF, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Nouvelle Clio&#160;», <time>2006</time>, 544&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-052007-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-052007-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-052007-8</span></a>)</small>, p. 61-62<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+monde+byzantin&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France+-+PUF&amp;rft.stitle=tome+2%2C+L%27Empire+byzantin+641-1204&amp;rft.aulast=Cheynet&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pages=p.+61-62&amp;rft.tpages=544&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-13-052007-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><span class="citation">«&#160;Byzantine Political life depended upon a delicate balance of interests, which Manuel Comnenus had managed to preserve. Now that he was gone, political rivalries were likely to flare up at the slightest pretext&#160;»</span></i> <a href="#Angold1984">Angold 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elisabeth_Malamut2007454-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Elisabeth_Malamut2007454_46-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Elisabeth_Malamut2007">Elisabeth Malamut 2007</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;454. </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">John Julius Norwich</a>: <span class="ouvrage" id="1999"><cite class="italique">Histoire de <a href="/wiki/Byzance" title="Byzance">Byzance</a></cite> (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr>&#160;de l'anglais), Paris, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Perrin" title="Éditions Perrin">Perrin</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Tempus&#160;», <time>1999</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="réimpression">réimpr.</abbr>&#160;2002), 506&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-262-01890-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-262-01890-1"><span class="nowrap">2-262-01890-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Byzance&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Perrin&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.tpages=506&amp;rft.isbn=2-262-01890-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Angold1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Angold1984"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael <span class="nom_auteur">Angold</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204&#160;: A Political History</cite>, New York, Longman, <time>1984</time>, 374&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-582-29468-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-582-29468-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-582-29468-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Empire%2C+1025-1204&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Longman&amp;rft.stitle=A+Political+History&amp;rft.aulast=Angold&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.tpages=374&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-582-29468-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bréhier2006"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Br%C3%A9hier" title="Louis Bréhier">Louis Bréhier</a>, <cite class="italique">Vie et mort de Byzance</cite>, Paris, Albin Michel, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Bibliothèque de l'évolution de l'humanité&#160;», <time>2006</time>, 632&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-226-17102-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-226-17102-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-226-17102-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vie+et+mort+de+Byzance&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Albin+Michel&amp;rft.au=Louis+Br%C3%A9hier&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=632&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-226-17102-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chalandon1900-1912"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ferdinand_Chalandon1900-1912">Ferdinand <span class="nom_auteur">Chalandon</span>, <cite class="italique">Les Comnène&#160;: Étude sur l'Empire byzantin aux <abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#32;et&#32;<abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècles</cite>, Paris, 1900-1912<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+Comn%C3%A8ne+%3A+%C3%89tude+sur+l%27Empire+byzantin+aux+XIe%26%2332%3Bet%26%2332%3BXIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cles&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.aulast=Chalandon&amp;rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&amp;rft.date=1912&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span> (3 volumes).</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Choniatès1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicétas_Choniatès1984"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicétas Choniatès (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr>&#160;Harry Magoulias), <cite class="italique" lang="en">O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs</cite>, Détroit, Wayne State University Press, <time>1984</time>, 441&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-8143-1764-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-8143-1764-2"><span class="nowrap">0-8143-1764-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O8arrZPM8moC&amp;printsec=frontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=O+City+of+Byzantium%2C+Annals+of+Niketas+Choniat%C4%93s&amp;rft.place=D%C3%A9troit&amp;rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Choniat%C3%A8s&amp;rft.aufirst=Nic%C3%A9tas&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.tpages=441&amp;rft.isbn=0-8143-1764-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Louis_van_Dieten1971"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jan_Louis_van_Dieten1971"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Jan Louis van Dieten, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Niketas Choniates&#160;: Erläuterungen zu den Reden und Briefen nebst einer Biographie</cite>, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, <time>1971</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Niketas+Choniates+%3A+Erl%C3%A4uterungen+zu+den+Reden+und+Briefen+nebst+einer+Biographie&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&amp;rft.au=Jan+Louis+van+Dieten&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Harris2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Harris2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jonathan <span class="nom_auteur">Harris</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Byzantium and The Crusades</cite>, Londres, Hambeldon Continuum, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Crusader Worlds&#160;», <time>2006</time>, 256&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85285-501-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85285-501-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85285-501-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+The+Crusades&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Hambeldon+Continuum&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=256&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85285-501-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span><span class="ouvrage" id="Kazhdan1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexander_Kazhdan1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Alexander <span class="nom_auteur">Kazhdan</span></a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></cite>, New York et Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1991</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr>&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 3 tom. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-504652-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-504652-6</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-504652-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-504652-8"><span class="nowrap">0-19-504652-8</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_de_contr%C3%B4le_de_la_Biblioth%C3%A8que_du_Congr%C3%A8s" title="Numéro de contrôle de la Bibliothèque du Congrès">LCCN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/90023208">90023208</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&amp;rft.place=New+York+et+Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.aulast=Kazhdan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="KazhdanEpstein1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexander_KazhdanAnn_Wharton_Epstein1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Alexander <span class="nom_auteur">Kazhdan</span> et Ann Wharton <span class="nom_auteur">Epstein</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries</cite>, Berkeley, University of California Press, <time>1985</time>, 312&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-520-06962-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-520-06962-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-520-06962-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Change+in+Byzantine+Culture+in+the+Eleventh+and+Twelfth+Centuries&amp;rft.place=Berkeley&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Kazhdan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.au=Epstein%2C+Ann+Wharton&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.tpages=312&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-06962-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Julius_Norwich1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Julius_Norwich1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Julius Norwich, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Byzantium&#160;: The Decline and Fall</cite>, Penguin, <time>1995</time>, 528&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-679-41650-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-679-41650-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-679-41650-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Byzantium&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.stitle=The+Decline+and+Fall&amp;rft.au=John+Julius+Norwich&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.tpages=528&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-679-41650-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ostrogorsky1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georg_Ostrogorsky1996">Georg Ostrogorsky, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'État byzantin</cite>, Paris, Payot, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&#160;«&#160;Histoire&#160;», <time>1996</time>, 647&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-228-89041-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-228-89041-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-228-89041-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27%C3%89tat+byzantin&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Payot&amp;rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&amp;rft.aufirst=Georg&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.tpages=647&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-228-89041-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Treadgold1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Warren_Treadgold1997"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Warren <span class="nom_auteur">Treadgold</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of the Byzantine State and Society</cite>, Stanford University Press, <time>1997</time>, 1044&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8047-2630-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8047-2630-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8047-2630-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Treadgold&amp;rft.aufirst=Warren&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.tpages=1044&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexis+II+Comn%C3%A8ne"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41849?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/261271826">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000038147754X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/18763503X">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2010010174">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118648063">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1381736">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nb2010-010174">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41849?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolex.ios-regensburg.de/BioLexViewview.php?ID=430"><i>Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexius-II-Comnenus"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118648063.html"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alessio-ii-comneno-imperatore-di-bisanzio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Al%C3%A8ssio%2BII%2B%28imperatore%2Bd%27Oriente%29.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0002208.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/wd/104775"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Aleksios_2._Komnenos"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alessio-ii-comneno-imperatore-d-oriente"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FAB1B1;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Histoire_byzantine" title="Modèle:Palette Histoire byzantine"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Histoire_byzantine&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Empire_byzantin" title="Histoire de l&#39;Empire byzantin">Histoire de l'Empire byzantin</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="background-color:white;text-align:center;;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crise_du_troisi%C3%A8me_si%C3%A8cle" title="Crise du troisième siècle">Crise du troisième siècle</a> (235-284)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9trarchie" title="Tétrarchie">Tétrarchie</a> (286–324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantiniens" title="Constantiniens">Constantiniens</a> (306-364)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_valentinienne" title="Dynastie valentinienne">Valentiniens</a> (364-392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Th%C3%A9odosiens" title="Dynastie des Théodosiens">Dynastie théodosienne</a> (378-455)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_thrace" title="Dynastie thrace">Dynastie thrace</a> (457-518)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Justiniens" title="Dynastie des Justiniens">Dynastie des Justiniens</a> (518-602)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_H%C3%A9raclides" title="Dynastie des Héraclides">Dynastie des Héraclides</a> (610-711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_de_chaos" title="Années de chaos">Années de chaos (695-717)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_sombre_de_l%27Empire_byzantin" title="Période sombre de l&#39;Empire byzantin">Période sombre de l'Empire byzantin</a> (717-867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_iconoclaste_de_l%27Empire_byzantin" title="Période iconoclaste de l&#39;Empire byzantin">Période iconoclaste de l'Empire byzantin</a> (726-843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_isaurienne" title="Dynastie isaurienne">Dynastie isaurienne</a> (717 - 802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_amorienne" title="Dynastie amorienne">Dynastie amorienne</a> (820 - 867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_mac%C3%A9donienne" title="Dynastie macédonienne">Dynastie macédonienne</a> (867 - 1057)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Comn%C3%A8nes" title="Dynastie des Comnènes">Dynastie des Comnènes</a> (1057–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Anges" title="Dynastie des Anges">Dynastie des Anges</a> (1185–1204)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_latin_de_Constantinople" title="Empire latin de Constantinople">Empire latin de Constantinople</a> (1204-1261) <small>(<a href="/wiki/Francocratie" title="Francocratie">Francocratie</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Pal%C3%A9ologues" title="Dynastie des Paléologues">Dynastie des Paléologues</a> (1261–1453)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAB1B1;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Empereurs_romains" title="Modèle:Palette Empereurs romains"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Empereurs_romains&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_empereurs_romains" title="Liste des empereurs romains">Empereurs romains</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m"><a href="/wiki/Principat" title="Principat">Principat</a><br /><small>(27 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> – 235)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auguste" title="Auguste">Auguste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A8re" title="Tibère">Tibère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_(empereur_romain)" title="Claude (empereur romain)">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ron" title="Néron">Néron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othon_(empereur_romain)" title="Othon (empereur romain)">Othon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasien" title="Vespasien">Vespasien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_(empereur_romain)" title="Titus (empereur romain)">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitien" title="Domitien">Domitien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrien" title="Hadrien">Hadrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_le_Pieux" title="Antonin le Pieux">Antonin</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Aur%C3%A8le" title="Marc Aurèle">Marc Aurèle</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aurelius_Verus" title="Lucius Aurelius Verus">Lucius Verus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commode_(empereur_romain)" title="Commode (empereur romain)">Commode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax_(empereur_romain)" title="Pertinax (empereur romain)">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septime_S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re" title="Septime Sévère">Septime Sévère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(empereur_romain)" title="Geta (empereur romain)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrin" title="Macrin">Macrin</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Diadum%C3%A9nien" title="Diaduménien">Diaduménien</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liogabale" title="Héliogabale">Héliogabale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re_Alexandre" title="Sévère Alexandre">Sévère Alexandre</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m"><a href="/wiki/Crise_du_troisi%C3%A8me_si%C3%A8cle" title="Crise du troisième siècle">Crise du troisième siècle</a><br /><small>(235-284)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#FFE5F9;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximin_Ier_le_Thrace" title="Maximin Ier le Thrace">Maximin le Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordien_Ier" title="Gordien Ier">Gordien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a> et <a href="/wiki/Gordien_II" title="Gordien II">Gordien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Pupien" title="Maxime Pupien">Maxime Pupien</a> et <a href="/wiki/Balbin" title="Balbin">Balbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordien_III" title="Gordien III">Gordien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_l%27Arabe" title="Philippe l&#39;Arabe">Philippe l'Arabe</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II_(empereur_romain)" title="Philippe II (empereur romain)">Philippe&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8ce" title="Dèce">Dèce</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9bonien_Galle" title="Trébonien Galle">Trébonien Galle</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Hostilien" title="Hostilien">Hostilien</a> puis <a href="/wiki/Volusien" title="Volusien">Volusien</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milien" title="Émilien">Émilien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rien" title="Valérien">Valérien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallien" title="Gallien">Gallien</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Salonin" title="Salonin">Salonin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_II_le_Gothique" title="Claude II le Gothique">Claude le Gothique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lien_(empereur_romain)" title="Aurélien (empereur romain)">Aurélien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Tacite" title="Marcus Claudius Tacite">Tacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florien" title="Florien">Florien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(empereur_romain)" title="Probus (empereur romain)">Probus</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carin" title="Carin">Carin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9rien" title="Numérien">Numérien</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m"><a href="/wiki/Dominat" title="Dominat">Dominat</a><br /><small>(284-395)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocl%C3%A9tien" title="Dioclétien">Dioclétien</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maximien_Hercule" title="Maximien Hercule">Maximien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Chlore" title="Constance Chlore">Constance Chlore</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8re_(empereur_romain)" title="Galère (empereur romain)">Galère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re" title="Sévère">Sévère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxence_(empereur_romain)" title="Maxence (empereur romain)">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximin_II_Da%C3%AFa" title="Maximin II Daïa">Maximin Daïa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a> et <a href="/wiki/Martinien_(empereur_romain)" title="Martinien (empereur romain)">Martinien</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_II_(empereur_romain)" title="Constantin II (empereur romain)">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Ier" title="Constant Ier">Constant&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constance_II" title="Constance II">Constance&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (avec <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9tranion" title="Vétranion">Vétranion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovien" title="Jovien">Jovien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinien_Ier" title="Valentinien Ier">Valentinien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratien" title="Gratien">Gratien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinien_II" title="Valentinien II">Valentinien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_Ier" title="Théodose Ier">Théodose&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m"><a href="/wiki/Empire_romain_d%27Occident" title="Empire romain d&#39;Occident">Empire d'Occident</a><br /><small>(395-476)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#FFE5F9;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavius_Honorius" title="Flavius Honorius">Honorius</a> (avec <a href="/wiki/Constance_III" title="Constance III">Constance&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinien_III" title="Valentinien III">Valentinien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trone_Maxime" title="Pétrone Maxime">Pétrone Maxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avitus_(empereur_romain)" title="Avitus (empereur romain)">Avitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorien" title="Majorien">Majorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Libius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anth%C3%A9mius" title="Anthémius">Anthémius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olybrius_(empereur)" title="Olybrius (empereur)">Olybrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyc%C3%A9rius" title="Glycérius">Glycérius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustule" title="Romulus Augustule">Romulus Augustule</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m"><a href="/wiki/Empire_byzantin" title="Empire byzantin">Empire d'Orient</a><br /><small>(395-1204)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius_(empereur_romain)" title="Arcadius (empereur romain)">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_II" title="Théodose II">Théodose&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marcien" title="Marcien">Marcien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Ier_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Léon Ier (empereur byzantin)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_II_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Léon II (empereur byzantin)">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9non_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Zénon (empereur byzantin)">Zénon</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anastase_Ier_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Anastase Ier (empereur byzantin)">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Ier" title="Justin Ier">Justin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Justinien_Ier" title="Justinien Ier">Justinien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A8re_II_Constantin" title="Tibère II Constantin">Tibère&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> Constantin</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(empereur)" title="Maurice (empereur)">Maurice</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9raclius" title="Héraclius">Héraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_III_H%C3%A9raclius" title="Constantin III Héraclius">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9raclonas" title="Héraclonas">Héraclonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_II_H%C3%A9raclius" title="Constant II Héraclius">Constant&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_IV" title="Constantin IV">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinien_II" title="Justinien II">Justinien&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Léonce (empereur byzantin)">Léonce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tib%C3%A8re_III_Apsimar" title="Tibère III Apsimar">Tibère&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicos" title="Philippicos">Philippicos</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anastase_II_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Anastase II (empereur byzantin)">Anastase&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_III" title="Théodose III">Théodose&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_III_l%27Isaurien" title="Léon III l&#39;Isaurien">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_V" title="Constantin V">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabasde" title="Artabasde">Artabasde</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_IV_le_Khazar" title="Léon IV le Khazar">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_VI" title="Constantin VI">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_l%27Ath%C3%A9nienne" title="Irène l&#39;Athénienne">Irène</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ier" title="Nicéphore Ier">Nicéphore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Staurakios (empereur byzantin)">Staurakios</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ier_Rhangab%C3%A9" title="Michel Ier Rhangabé">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_V_l%27Arm%C3%A9nien" title="Léon V l&#39;Arménien">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_II_l%27Amorien" title="Michel II l&#39;Amorien">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Théophile (empereur byzantin)">Théophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_III_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Michel III (empereur byzantin)">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basile_Ier_le_Mac%C3%A9donien" title="Basile Ier le Macédonien">Basile&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_VI_le_Sage" title="Léon VI le Sage">Léon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Alexandre (empereur byzantin)">Alexandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_VII_Porphyrog%C3%A9n%C3%A8te" title="Constantin VII Porphyrogénète">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Ier_L%C3%A9cap%C3%A8ne" title="Romain Ier Lécapène">Romain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_II" title="Romain II">Romain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_II_Phocas" title="Nicéphore II Phocas">Nicéphore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ier_Tzimisk%C3%A8s" title="Jean Ier Tzimiskès">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basile_II" title="Basile II">Basile&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> et <a href="/wiki/Constantin_VIII" title="Constantin VIII">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_Porphyrog%C3%A9n%C3%A8te" title="Zoé Porphyrogénète">Zoé</a> avec <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romain_III_Argyre" title="Romain III Argyre">Romain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> puis <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_IV_le_Paphlagonien" title="Michel IV le Paphlagonien">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> puis <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_V" title="Michel V">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> puis <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_IX_Monomaque" title="Constantin IX Monomaque">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odora_Porphyrog%C3%A9n%C3%A8te" title="Théodora Porphyrogénète">Théodora</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_VI_Bringas" title="Michel VI Bringas">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Isaac Ier Comnène">Isaac&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_X_Doukas" title="Constantin X Doukas">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="10"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">X</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romain_IV_Diog%C3%A8ne" title="Romain IV Diogène">Romain&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_VII_Doukas" title="Michel VII Doukas">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_III_Botaniat%C3%A8s" title="Nicéphore III Botaniatès">Nicéphore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Alexis Ier Comnène">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_II_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Jean II Comnène">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Manuel Ier Comnène">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andronic_Ier_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Andronic Ier Comnène">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_III_Ange" title="Alexis III Ange">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_IV_Ange" title="Alexis IV Ange">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Kanabos" title="Nicolas Kanabos">Nicolas Kanabos</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_V_Doukas_Murzuphle" title="Alexis V Doukas Murzuphle">Alexis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m">Empire de Nicée <br /><small>(1204-1261)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#FFE5F9;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Lascaris_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Constantin Lascaris (empereur byzantin)">Constantin Lascaris</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Ier_Lascaris" title="Théodore Ier Lascaris">Théodore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_III_Doukas_Vatatz%C3%A8s" title="Jean III Doukas Vatatzès">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_II_Lascaris" title="Théodore II Lascaris">Théodore&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_IV_Lascaris" title="Jean IV Lascaris">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m">Empire d'Orient restauré<br /><small>(1261-1453)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Michel VIII Paléologue">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/12px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/18px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/24px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andronic_II_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Andronic II Paléologue">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_IX_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Michel IX Paléologue">Michel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronic_III_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Andronic III Paléologue">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_V_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Jean V Paléologue">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VI_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne" title="Jean VI Cantacuzène">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Cantacuz%C3%A8ne" title="Mathieu Cantacuzène">Mathieu Cantacuzène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronic_IV_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Andronic IV Paléologue">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Jean VII Paléologue">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Manuel II Paléologue">Manuel&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronic_V_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Andronic V Paléologue">Andronic&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VIII_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Jean VIII Paléologue">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/12px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/18px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/24px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_XI_Pal%C3%A9ologue" title="Constantin XI Paléologue">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="11"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XI</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDDDD;m">Voir aussi</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#FFE5F9;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_imp%C3%A9ratrices_romaines_et_byzantines" title="Liste des impératrices romaines et byzantines">Impératrices romaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usurpateur_romain" title="Usurpateur romain">Usurpateurs romains</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background:#FFDDDD;" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"><b>Portails</b>&#160;: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique/Empire_romain" title="Portail:Rome antique/Empire romain">Portail de l'Empire romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique" title="Portail:Rome antique">Portail de la Rome antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_byzantin" title="Portail:Monde byzantin">Portail du monde byzantin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monarchie" title="Portail de la monarchie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/48px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/65px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monarchie" title="Portail:Monarchie">Portail de la monarchie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_byzantin" title="Portail du monde byzantin"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Justinien_small.png/20px-Justinien_small.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Justinien_small.png/30px-Justinien_small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Justinien_small.png/40px-Justinien_small.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_byzantin" title="Portail:Monde byzantin">Portail du monde byzantin</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail du Moyen Âge central"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/22px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/33px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/44px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail:Moyen Âge central">Portail du Moyen Âge central</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <div id="article_de_qualite" class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-simple bandeau-niveau-neutre" style="background-color:#FFFBFB;"><div class="bandeau-centrer"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css grosse-icone etoile-argent" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="noprint">Cet article est reconnu comme «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a>&#160;» depuis sa <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;oldid=121250761">version du 11 décembre 2015</a><small> (<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne&amp;oldid=121250761&amp;diff=cur">comparer avec la version actuelle</a>)</small>. <br />Pour toute information complémentaire, consulter sa <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Discussion:Alexis II Comnène">page de discussion</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Alexis_II_Comn%C3%A8ne/Bon_article" title="Discussion:Alexis II Comnène/Bon article">vote l'ayant promu</a>.</div><div class="printcssonly">La version du 11 décembre 2015 de cet article a été reconnue comme «&#160;<b>bon article</b>&#160;», c'est-à-dire qu'elle répond à des critères de qualité concernant le style, la clarté, la pertinence, la citation des sources et l'illustration.</div> </div></div></div> <!-- NewPP 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