To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia (English)

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://documents.worldbank.org:80/curated/en/700631494941118323/To-sew-or-not-to-sew-assessing-the-welfare-effects-of-the-garment-industry-in-Cambodia","20190427222727","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1556404047"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20190427222727js_/http://assets.adobedtm.com/572ee9d70241b5c796ae15c773eaaee4365408ec/satelliteLib-efd6120a6f6ed94da49cf49e2ba626ac110c7e3c.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta name="keywords" content="total amount of remittance;Poverty & Inequality;Poverty and Equity;productive use of remittance;remittance on poverty reduction;access to sanitation facility;propensity score matching;consumption per capita;labor market outcome;Migration and Remittances;per capita consumption;Access to Electricity;garment industry;gender wage gap;improved water source;poverty gap index;foreign direct investment;assignment to treatment;human capital investment;manufacturing labor force;informal economic activity;labor market policy;expansion of export;children attending schools;unpaid overtime work;national poverty line;number of migrants;spatial price index;measures of welfare;investments in agriculture;age at marriage;distribution of consumption;level of consumption;human capital characteristics;source of income;high wage premium;expenditure in education;expenditure education;test of equality;access to water;source income;per capita term;types of migrants;child in school;median bias;apparel sector;asset index;apparel industry;durable good;Durable goods;school enrollment;rural area;descriptive statistic;extreme poverty;working condition;unemployed migrants;urban household;dependency ratio;garment worker;household head;poor household;children of ages;aggregate consumption;poverty incidence;remittance channel;labor participation;monthly consumption;welfare indicator;household level;labor outcomes;standard error;food component;summary statistic;apparel export;low-skilled worker;instrumental variable;recipient household;low-skilled job;minimum wage;construction material;asset accumulation;consumption distribution;job opportunities;job opportunity;laptop computer;consumption aggregate;garment factories;apparel worker;gas stove;total employment;selection model;send remittance;average distance;household consumption;migrant transfer;employment status;solid line;household fall;econometric approach;selection bias;migrant household;total sample;consumption estimate;geographical location;poverty status;Agricultural Investment;caloric intake;productive investment;machine operator;urban residence;leather products;methodological approach;empirical result;high probability;male worker;female labor;housing condition;dimensional vector;apparel manufacturing;rural counterpart;qualitative study;wage equation;unskilled worker;sensitivity analysis;early marriage;dry season;measure of use;household participation;wage income;technological progress;socio-economic advantage;hazard model;food cost;Learning and Innovation Credit;agricultural sector;construction sector;quota system;privileged access;labor standard;wage increase;development policy;Labor Law;household welfare;household budget;children's education;household survey;open access;living condition;trade union;human rights;safety standard;international community;social relevance;functional form;poverty estimate;positive externality;socio-economic status;young woman;young females;missing value;point estimate;map display;economic sector;welfare implication;Gender Gap;household characteristic;"/> <meta name="description" content="To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia (English)"/> <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"/> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache,no-store"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2017/05/16 09:21:05"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_number" content="WPS8061"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/05/16 09:25:01"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP//"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_institution" content="The World Bank"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"/> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="total amount of remittance;Poverty & Inequality;Poverty and Equity;productive use of remittance;remittance on poverty reduction;access to sanitation facility;propensity score matching;consumption per capita;labor market outcome;Migration and Remittances;per capita consumption;Access to Electricity;garment industry;gender wage gap;improved water source;poverty gap index;foreign direct investment;assignment to treatment;human capital investment;manufacturing labor force;informal economic activity;labor market policy;expansion of export;children attending schools;unpaid overtime work;national poverty line;number of migrants;spatial price index;measures of welfare;investments in agriculture;age at marriage;distribution of consumption;level of consumption;human capital characteristics;source of income;high wage premium;expenditure in education;expenditure education;test of equality;access to water;source income;per capita term;types of migrants;child in school;median bias;apparel sector;asset index;apparel industry;durable good;Durable goods;school enrollment;rural area;descriptive statistic;extreme poverty;working condition;unemployed migrants;urban household;dependency ratio;garment worker;household head;poor household;children of ages;aggregate consumption;poverty incidence;remittance channel;labor participation;monthly consumption;welfare indicator;household level;labor outcomes;standard error;food component;summary statistic;apparel export;low-skilled worker;instrumental variable;recipient household;low-skilled job;minimum wage;construction material;asset accumulation;consumption distribution;job opportunities;job opportunity;laptop computer;consumption aggregate;garment factories;apparel worker;gas stove;total employment;selection model;send remittance;average distance;household consumption;migrant transfer;employment status;solid line;household fall;econometric approach;selection bias;migrant household;total sample;consumption estimate;geographical location;poverty status;Agricultural Investment;caloric intake;productive investment;machine operator;urban residence;leather products;methodological approach;empirical result;high probability;male worker;female labor;housing condition;dimensional vector;apparel manufacturing;rural counterpart;qualitative study;wage equation;unskilled worker;sensitivity analysis;early marriage;dry season;measure of use;household participation;wage income;technological progress;socio-economic advantage;hazard model;food cost;Learning and Innovation Credit;agricultural sector;construction sector;quota system;privileged access;labor standard;wage increase;development policy;Labor Law;household welfare;household budget;children's education;household survey;open access;living condition;trade union;human rights;safety standard;international community;social relevance;functional form;poverty estimate;positive externality;socio-economic status;young woman;young females;missing value;point estimate;map display;economic sector;welfare implication;Gender Gap;household characteristic;"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="42"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mejia-Mantilla,Carolina"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Woldemichae,Martha Tesfaye"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_series_title " content="no. WPS 8061"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="This paper uses the 2011 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey to analyze the relationship between participation in the garment industry and household welfare. The analysis relies on propensity score matching estimators to investigate whether households that have at least one member employed in the textile and apparel sector are better off than those who do not participate in the garment industry, in terms of several monetary and non-monetary welfare indicators. The findings show that garment households are less likely to experience self-reported food insufficiency, and their children are more likely to be enrolled in school. Yet, the positive effect of the treatment is restricted to the bottom 40 percent of the consumption distribution, possibly due to the nature of garment jobs, and the fact that they represent an attractive alternative for the poorest households but not necessarily for the better-off. Using instrumental-variables, the analysis also shows that remittances originating from the textile and apparel sector relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health, and investments in agricultural activities."/> <title>To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia (English) | The World Bank</title> <link href="/web/20190427222727cs_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/css/style.css?version=9.4" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <style> #survey { HEIGHT: 55px; WIDTH: 100%; BACKGROUND: #2da2d5; COLOR: #555; FONT: 16px Arial; LEFT: 0px; Z-INDEX: 999; TOP: 0px; } #survey_title { COLOR: #fff } #survey INPUT { CURSOR: pointer;width:99px; FONT-SIZE: 16px; BORDER-TOP: #e6e6e6 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #e6e6e6 1px solid; BACKGROUND: #ffffff; BORDER-BOTTOM: #e6e6e6 1px solid; COLOR: #696869; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; PADDING-TOP: 1px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN: 0px 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #e6e6e6 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; border-radius: 3px; moz-border-radius: 3px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px rgba(0,0,0,1.0); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px rgba(0,0,0,1.0); box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px rgba(0,0,0,1.0) } #survey_containier { MARGIN: 0px auto; padding-left: 10px; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> if (top.frames.length!=0) top.location=self.document.location; if(navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Mac")!=-1) { document.write('<link href="/resources/css/mac.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />'); } </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727js_/https://apis.google.com/js/client.js"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/jquery-1.6.2.min.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/jquery.ui.core.min.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/jquery.ui.datepicker.min.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/header_footer.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/fontdetect.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/script.js?version=27.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190427222727js_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/js/wds.js?version=27.0"></script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20190427222727cs_/http://documents.worldbank.org/resources/css/print.css?version=1.0" media="print"/>  </head> <body> <div class="doc-container"> <div class="doc-inner-container"> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write(header("en"));activeNavigation("nav_publications"); var lang="en"; var nodeIdEnglish1=24482729; var nodeIdEnglish2=24486171; var nodeIdSpanish=24486170; var nodeIdfromurl=''; if(lang=='en' || lang=='es') { var browserUrl=document.URL; var lastSlash = browserUrl.lastIndexOf("/"); var value=(browserUrl.substring(0,lastSlash)); lastSlash = value.lastIndexOf("/"); value=(value.substring(lastSlash)); if(value!=null && value!=''){ nodeId=value.substring(1); } } if(lang=='en'){ if((nodeId!=null && nodeId!='') && (nodeId==nodeIdEnglish1 || nodeId==nodeIdEnglish2)){ var wben_note = document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)wb_enwds2\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/, '$1'); if(wben_note != 1 ) { $('#root').before('<div id="survey"><div id="survey_containier"><div style="color: #fff;width:150%;padding-top:5px;">We want to hear from you! 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The analysis relies on propensity score matching estimators to investigate whether households that...<a href="javascript:toggleExpand('abstract');"> See More +</a></span> <span id="detail_abstract" style="display: none;">This paper uses the 2011 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey to analyze the relationship between participation in the garment industry and household welfare. The analysis relies on propensity score matching estimators to investigate whether households that have at least one member employed in the textile and apparel sector are better off than those who do not participate in the garment industry, in terms of several monetary and non-monetary welfare indicators. The findings show that garment households are less likely to experience self-reported food insufficiency, and their children are more likely to be enrolled in school. Yet, the positive effect of the treatment is restricted to the bottom 40 percent of the consumption distribution, possibly due to the nature of garment jobs, and the fact that they represent an attractive alternative for the poorest households but not necessarily for the better-off. Using instrumental-variables, the analysis also shows that remittances originating from the textile and apparel sector relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health, and investments in agricultural activities. <a href="javascript:toggleExpand('abstract');"> See Less -</a></span></p> </div> <input type="hidden" id="hiddenbkp" value="PUBDOCISENABLED"></input> <div class="details-download"> <div class="details-download-left"> <div class="detailBox withBg"> <h3>Details</h3> <div class="content"> <ul class="detail"> <li> <label>Author</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/author/m1278227">Mejia-Mantilla, Carolina</a>; Woldemichae, Martha Tesfaye; </span> </li> <li> <label>Document Date</label> <span>2017/05/16 09:25:01</span> </li> <li> <label>Document Type</label> <span>Policy Research Working Paper</span> </li> <li> <label>Report Number</label> <span>WPS8061</span> </li> <li> <label>Volume No</label> <span> 1 </span> </li> <li> <label>Total Volume(s)</label> <span> 1 </span> </li> <li> <label>Country</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/country/82560">Cambodia</a>;  </span> </li> <li> <label>Region</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/region/119225">East Asia and Pacific</a>;  </span> </li> <li> <label>Disclosure Date</label> <span> 2017/05/16 09:21:05 </span> </li> <li> <label>Disclosure Status</label> <span> Disclosed </span> </li> <li> <label>Doc Name</label> <span>To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia</span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Keywords</label> <span> <p id="showless">total amount of remittance;Poverty & Inequality;Poverty and Equity;productive use of remittance;remittance on poverty reduction;access to sanitation facility;propensity <span id="summary_keywords" class="keywords">...<a href="javascript:toggleExpand('keywords');">  See More +</a></span> <span id="detail_keywords" style="display: none;" class="keywords"> score matching;consumption per capita;labor market outcome;Migration and Remittances;per capita consumption;Access to Electricity;garment industry;gender wage gap;improved water source;poverty gap index;foreign direct investment;assignment to treatment;human capital investment;manufacturing labor force;informal economic activity;labor market policy;expansion of export;children attending schools;unpaid overtime work;national poverty line;number of migrants;spatial price index;measures of welfare;investments in agriculture;age at marriage;distribution of consumption;level of consumption;human capital characteristics;source of income;high wage premium;expenditure in education;expenditure education;test of equality;access to water;source income;per capita term;types of migrants;child in school;median bias;apparel sector;asset index;apparel industry;durable good;Durable goods;school enrollment;rural area;descriptive statistic;extreme poverty;working condition;unemployed migrants;urban household;dependency ratio;garment worker;household head;poor household;children of ages;aggregate consumption;poverty incidence;remittance channel;labor participation;monthly consumption;welfare indicator;household level;labor outcomes;standard error;food component;summary statistic;apparel export;low-skilled worker;instrumental variable;recipient household;low-skilled job;minimum wage;construction material;asset accumulation;consumption distribution;job opportunities;job opportunity;laptop computer;consumption aggregate;garment factories;apparel worker;gas stove;total employment;selection model;send remittance;average distance;household consumption;migrant transfer;employment status;solid line;household fall;econometric approach;selection bias;migrant household;total sample;consumption estimate;geographical location;poverty status;Agricultural Investment;caloric intake;productive investment;machine operator;urban residence;leather products;methodological approach;empirical result;high probability;male worker;female labor;housing condition;dimensional vector;apparel manufacturing;rural counterpart;qualitative study;wage equation;unskilled worker;sensitivity analysis;early marriage;dry season;measure of use;household participation;wage income;technological progress;socio-economic advantage;hazard model;food cost;Learning and Innovation Credit;agricultural sector;construction sector;quota system;privileged access;labor standard;wage increase;development policy;Labor Law;household welfare;household budget;children's education;household survey;open access;living condition;trade union;human rights;safety standard;international community;social relevance;functional form;poverty estimate;positive externality;socio-economic status;young woman;young females;missing value;point estimate;map display;economic sector;welfare implication;Gender Gap;household characteristic;  <a href="javascript:toggleExpand('keywords');"> See Less -</a></span></p> </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Language</label> <span>English</span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Topics</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/newtopic/Tertiary Education">Tertiary Education</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/newtopic/Poverty">Poverty</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/newtopic/Education">Education</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/newtopic/Working Conditions">Working Conditions</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/newtopic/Jobs">Jobs</a>;  </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Historic Topics</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/teratopic/644302">Poverty Reduction</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/teratopic/644298">International Economics and Trade</a>;  </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Historic SubTopics</label> <span> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/topic/672802">Work & Working Conditions</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/topic/672803">Labor Markets</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/topic/672928">Tertiary Education</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/topic/672941">Educational Sciences</a>;  <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/topic/792188">Inequality</a>;  </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Unit Owning</label> <span> Off of Sr VP Dev Econ/Chief Econ (DECVP) </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Series Name</label> <span> <a href="" id="collectionId" onclick="callFunction(this,'Policy Research working paper')">Policy Research working paper</a> <script> function callFunction(elem,title) { var link = elem; var collection = decodeAmpersands(title); collection = removeSpecialChars(collection); var urlpart = 'curated' + '/' + 'en' var url = '/' + urlpart + '/docsearch/collection-title/' + collection+'?colT='+collection; link.setAttribute( "href", url); } function removeSpecialChars( value) { value = encodeURIComponent(value); value = escape(value); return value; } function decodeAmpersands( str) { if (str != null && str != 'undefined' && str != '') { str = str.replace( /&/g, "&"); str = str.replace( /</g, "<"); str = str.replace(/>/g, ">"); str = str.replace( /"/g, '"'); str = str.replace( /'/g, "'"); return str; } else { return ''; } } </script> ;  no. WPS 8061 </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails"> <label>Version Type</label> <span> Final </span> </li> <li style="display: none;" class="moredetails last"> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="seemore" href="javascript:;">See More +</a> <a class="seeless" style="display:none" href="javascript:;">See Less -</a> </div> </div>  <div class="details-download-right"> <div class="detailBox"> <h3>Downloads</h3> <div class="content"> <h4> Complete Report in English </h4> <p>Official version of document (may contain signatures, etc)</p> <ul class="documentLnks"> <li class="pdfdoc"> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/700631494941118323/pdf/WPS8061.pdf">Official PDF , 42 pages </a> <span>1.65 mb</span> </li> <h4 id="downLoadCount1" style="display:none"></h4> <p id="downLoadCount2" style="display:none">(All language versions and volumes across World Bank Repositories)</p> <p id="downLoadCount"></p>  <li class="textdoc"> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/700631494941118323/text/WPS8061.txt">TXT </a>* </li> </ul> <p>*The text version is uncorrected OCR text and is included solely to benefit users with slow connectivity.</p> <p style="display:none" id="statisticsDate">**Download statistics measured since January 1st, 2014</p>         </div> </div> <div class="detailBox"> <h3>Citation</h3> <div class="content"> <p id="CitationPara"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="template-d-right"> <div class="template-d-right-inner-noline"> <div class="template-d-right-inner"> <div class="s01v1-related first"> <h4>SUBSCRIBE TO EMAIL ALERTS</h4> <ul class="spacing"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/https://alerts.worldbank.org/" title="Daily Updates of the Latest Projects & Documents">Daily Updates of the Latest Projects & Documents</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="CitationHidDiv" style="display:none"> Mejia-Mantilla, Carolina; Woldemichae, Martha Tesfaye. 2017. <i>To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment industry in Cambodia (English)</i>. Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 8061. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/700631494941118323/To-sew-or-not-to-sew-assessing-the-welfare-effects-of-the-garment-industry-in-Cambodia </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#CitationPara').html($('#CitationHidDiv').html()); /*$(".detailbox a.showmore").toggle(function(){ $(this).siblings("ul").children('li:gt(4)').show(); $(this).html("See Less -"); $(this).attr("title","See less"); }, function(){ $(this).siblings("ul").children('li:gt(4)').hide(); $(this).html("See More +"); $(this).attr("title","See more"); });*/ $(".seemore").click(function(event) { $(".moredetails").toggle(); $(".seemore, .seeless").toggle(); }); $(".seeless").click(function(event) { $(".moredetails").toggle(); $(".seemore, .seeless").toggle(); }); var guid = '700631494941118323'; var docFormat='RENDEREDPDF'; var applicationContext='/curated/getOverallDocumentDownloadsCount/'; var url ='http://' + window.location.host + applicationContext+docFormat+'/'+guid+'?&pseudoParam='+new Date().getTime(); $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: url, contentType: 'text/plain', success: function(data) { var dataArr=data.split("~"); if(dataArr[1] && dataArr[1]=="Y"){ $("#downLoadCount").html("D&R Total Downloads**"+' : '+dataArr[0]); $("#downLoadCount1").html("<b>Overall Total Downloads"+' : '+dataArr[2]+"</b>"); $("#downLoadCount1").css("display", "block" ); $("#downLoadCount2").css("display", "block" ); $("#downLoadCount3").css("display", "block" ); }else{ $("#downLoadCount").html("Total Downloads**"+' : '+dataArr[0]); } $("#statisticsDate").css("display", "block" ); }, error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) { //alert('error'); } }); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> footer("en"); //footerBreadCrumbNew("Home",'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/'); //footerBreadCrumbNew("Publications",'https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/'); footerBreadCrumbNew("Documents & Reports",'/curated/en/home'); footerBreadCrumbNew("Documents List",'javascript:goBack();'); footerBreadCrumbNew("To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment in ...","noLink"); var pageContext = "Documents & Reports > Documents List > To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment in ..."; </script> <noscript>  <div class="g02v1-global-footer"> <div class="footer-breadcrumb"> <div class="breadcrumb-home"><h4>You are here</h4></div> <div class="breadcrumb-sep"> </div> <div class="breadcrumb-slash">/</div> <div class="breadcrumb-link"> <a href="/web/20190427222727/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home">Documents & Reports</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb-slash">/</div> <div class="breadcrumb-link">To sew or not to sew ? assessing the welfare effects of the garment in ...</div> <div title="Expand" id="footer_ec" class="breadcrumb-expand"> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bottom"> <div class="footerlogo"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/"></a></div> <div class="footer-bottom-left"> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/legalinfo">Legal</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://go.worldbank.org/TRCDVYJ440">Access to Information</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://go.worldbank.org/NLCQMY3UZ0">Jobs</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/sitemap">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/contacts">Contact</a> </p> <p> <span>© 2011 </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://www.worldbank.org/">The World Bank Group</a><span>, All Rights Reserved</span>. </p> </div> <div class="footer-bottom-right"> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/ORGUNITS/EXTDOII/0,,contentMDK:20659616~menuPK:1702202~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:588921,00.html"><strong>Fraud & Corruption Hotline</strong><br/>1-202-458-7677</a> </p> </div> </div> </div>  </noscript> </div> <div class="doc-bottom-bg"></div> </div>   <script language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727js_/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SITEMGR/Resources/WebStatsUtil.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427222727js_/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/scripts/s_code_remote.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript">_satellite.pageBottom();</script> </body> </html>

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