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var ASSETS_VERSION = '20241112_00000'; // NOTE: AngularJS code relies on this var IBP_WS_ASSETS='https://www.ieee.org'; var IBP_WS_ENABLED_FLAG = true; var ENTERPRISE_CART_URL = 'https://www.ieee.org/cart/public/myCart/page.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE%20Xplore'; var IEEE_USER_INFO_COOKIE = 'ieeeUserInfoCookie'; var ACC_MGMT_NEW = true; if (! XPLORE_WEBSERV_YES_NO) { var ACC_MGMT_NEW = 'false'; } var ACC_MGMT_CREATE_URL = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/public/createwebaccount/showCreateAccount.html?ShowMGAMarkeatbilityOptIn=true&sourceCode=xplore&car=IEEE-Xplore&autoSignin=Y'; var ACC_MGMT_FORGOT_PASSWD_URL = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/public/forgotpassword/forgotUsernamePassword.html?sourceCode=xplore'; var SPECIAL_CHARACTER_MAPS = '&:.AND.,=:.EQ.,+:.PLS.,#:.HSH.'; var SPECIAL_CHARACTERS = new Array(); var SPECIAL_CHARACTER_REPLACEMENTS = new Array(); var characterMaps = SPECIAL_CHARACTER_MAPS.split(","); for (var i = 0; i < characterMaps.length; i++) { parts = characterMaps[i].split(":"); SPECIAL_CHARACTERS[i] = parts[0]; SPECIAL_CHARACTER_REPLACEMENTS[i] = parts[1]; } var MAX_WILDCARDS = '10'; var MAX_SEARCH_TERMS = '25'; var ALL_SEARCH_FIELDS = 'Search_Index_Terms:Index Terms,Search_All_Text:Full Text & Metadata,Search_All:All Metadata,fullText:Full Text Only,Search_Publication_Title:Search Publication Title,Search_Related_Terms:Search Related Terms,Search_Authors:Author Name,Search_Standard_Ics_Title:ICE Terms,promoTopic:Custom Search,id:Article Number,moduleNumber:Module Number,part_num:Part_Num,issn:ISSN,isbn:ISBN,eisbn:EISBN,issueId:IS Number,pubIssueId:Pub Issue Id,accessionNumber:Accession Number,copyrightHolder:Copyright Holder,copyrightYear:Copyright Year,license:License,documentAbstract:Abstract,publicationId:Publication Number,parentPublicationId:Parent Publication Number,parentId:Parent Id,standardArticleId:Standard Article Id,title:Document Title,parentTitle:Parent Publication Title,parentDisplayTitle:Parent Display Title,publicationTitle:Publication Title,publicationDisplayTitle:Publication Display Title,volume:Volume,issue:Issue,paddedIssueNumber:Padded Issue Number,part:Part,startPage:Start Page,endPage:End Page,filePath:File Path,publicationDate:Publication Date,PublicationYear:Publication Year,onlineDate:Online Date,month:Month,Author:Author Pref Names,authorNormNames:Author Norm Names,author:Authors,authorIds:Author Ids,firstName:First Name,middleName:Middle Name,lastName:Last Name,authorAffiliations:Author Affiliations,authorBio:Author Bio,authorImg:Author Img,referenceCount:Reference Count,citationCount:Citation Count,downloadCount:Download Count,patentCount:Patent Count,multimediaFlag:Multimedia Flag,biomedicalEngFlag:Biomedical Eng Flag,nonIeee:Non IEEE,stdsProductNumber:STDS Product Number,bmsProductNumber:Bms Product Number,status:Status,doi:DOI,articleDoi:Article DOI,publicationDoi:Publication DOI,pdfPath:Pdf Path,pdfSize:Pdf Size,contentSubtype:Content Subtype,Publisher:Publisher,inspecControlledTerms:INSPEC Controlled Terms,ieeeTerms:IEEE Terms,unsiloTerms:Unsilo Terms,authorTerms:Author Keywords,maiTerms:MAI Terms,meshTerms:Mesh_Terms,pacsTerms:PACS Terms,insertDate:Insert Date,ConferenceLocation:Conference Location,indexContent:Index Content,coden:CODEN,documentText:Document Text,standardNumber:Standard Number,preprintFlag:Preprint Flag,rapidPostFlag:Rapid Post Flag,lastUpdate:Last Update,newFlag:New Flag,openAccessFlag:Open Access Flag,publicationOpenAccess:Publication Open Access,promoFlag:Promo Flag,pubmedId:Pubmed Id,duration:Duration,society:Society,conference:Conference,ConferenceCountry:ConferenceCountry,conferenceStartDate:Conference Start Date,conferenceEndDate:Conference End Date,societyUrl:Society URL,idSubject:Id Subject,bookNumber:Book Number,pages:Pages,editionNumber:Edition Number,sequence:Sequence,relatedInfoType:Related Info Type,relatedInfo:Related Info,formatIsbn:Format ISBN,meetingDate:Meeting Date,courseLevel:Course level,courseParts:Course Parts,courseId:Course ID,aboutUrl:About Url,additionalUrl:Additional Url,authorsUrl:Authors Url,openAccessUrl:Open Access Url,openAccessFlag:Open Access flag,partnumVendorurlMediatype:Partnum VendorURL MediaType,brandingImageFile:Branding Image File,coverImageFile:Cover Image File,latestIssueCoverImage:Latest Issue Cover Image,frequency:Frequency,fieldOfInterest:Field Of Interest,gParentPublicationNumber:G Parent Publication Number,msUrl:Ms Url,publicationRelationship:Relationship,societyImage:Society Image,visitUrl:Visit Url,visitWebsite:Visit Website,startYear:Start Year,publicationInactive:Publication Inactive,recordType:Record Type,picCodeDescription:Pic Code Description,picCode:Pic Code,sponsors:Sponsors,issueNotes:Notes,conferenceDate:Conference Date,publicationContact:Publication Contact,isbuyable:isBuyable,standardRelationships:Standard Relationships,unavailableForSale:Unavailable for Sale,availableForSale:Available for Sale,standardFamily:Standard Family,standardGroup:Standard Group,productUrl:Product Url,isbnMediatype:ISBN MediaType,htmlFlag:Html Flag,rightslinkFlag:Rightslink Flag,pageCount:Page Count,name:Name,tableOfContents:Table of Contents,timeStamp:Time Stamp,subTitle:Sub Title,relatedItem:Related Item,referenceMaterial:Reference Material,latestIssueTime:Latest Issue Time,startYear:First Published Year,insertDate:Search Latest Date,pbdFlag:Pbd Flag,lmsUrl:Lms Url,currentVolume:Current Volume,graphicalFile:Graphical File,graphicalCoverImage:Graphical Cover Image,graphicalSummary:Graphical Summary,graphicalType:Graphical Type,graphicalAbstractFile:Graphical Abstract File,graphicalAbstractImage:Graphical Abstract Image,graphicalAbstractType:Graphical Abstract Type,graphicalAbstractSummary:Graphical Abstract Summary,authorNativeNames:Native Name,externalId:Article Page Number,standardBundles:Standard Bundles,standardBundleParts:Standard Bundle Parts,virtualTitle:Virtual Title,seriesName:Series Name,seriesId:Series Id,mlHtmlFlag:ML Html flag,promoDates:Promo Dates,promoStartDate:Promo Start Date,promoEndDate:Promo End Date,issueCompleteFlag:Issue Complete Flag,scope:Scope,purpose:Purpose,standardFamilyTitle:Standard Family Title,thumbnailImg:Thumbnail Img,supplementFile:Supplement File,courseFile:Course File,supplement:Supplement,courseAuthor:Course Author,pdhs:Pdhs,ceus:Ceus,courseFirstFrame:FirstFrame Img,idSubTopic:Id Sub Topic,certificateUrl:Certificate Url,standardRoot:Standard Root,icsTerms:Standards ICS Terms,impactStatement:Impact Statement,affirmedDate:Affirmed Date,sourcePdf:Source Pdf,orcid:Author ORCID,algorithmFlag:Algorithm Flag,fundingAgency:Funding Agency,funder:Funder,pricingKey:Map Pricing Key,publicationRollup:Rollup Key,collection:Collection,previewImage:Preview Image,regularDate:Regular Date,ContentType:Content Type,ringgoldIds:Ringgold ID,figure:Figure,imageCaption:Image Caption,mediaPath:Media Path,publicationVolumeOnly:Publication Volume Only,standardIsLatest:Standard Is Latest,standardHasVersions:Standard Has Versions,publicationDetails:Publication Details,Search_All:All Metadata,Search_All_Text:Full Text & Metadata,fullText:Full Text Only,TypeAheadTerms:Type Ahead Terms,ContentType:Content Type,Author:Author,Affiliation:Affiliation,Topic:Topic,PublicationTitle:Publication Title,PublicationYear:Year,Publisher:Publisher,ConferenceCountry:Conference Country,ConferenceLocation:Conference Location,StandardStatus:Standard Status,ConferenceYear:Conference Year,PublicationPackage:Subscribed Content,StandardPackage:Standard Package,ReadingRoom:Reading Room,StandardTitle:Standard Title,StdDictionaryTerms:Standards Dictionary Terms,TitleRange:Publication Range,StandardRange:Standard Range,RecordType:Record Type,MediaType:Media Type,BookType:Book Type,CourseType:Course Type,PublicationStandardRange:Publication Standard Range,PerpetualYear:Perpetual Year,OpacTitleRange:Opac Title Range,BookSeries:Book Series,SubjectCategory:Subject Category,Sessions:Sessions,TypeAheadPublication:Type Ahead Publication,SubTopic:Sub Topic,CourseDuration:Course Duration,CourseLevel:Course Level,StandardType:Standard Type,StandardSubtype:Standard SubType,StandardModifier:Standard Modifier,IcsTerms1:Ics Terms 1,IcsTerms2:Ics Terms 2,IcsTerms3:Ics Terms 3,SupplementalItem:Supplemental Items,CourseDuration:Course Duration,SpecialSection:Topics,SocietySection:Society Sections,PublicationTopics:Publication Topics,Keywords:Keywords'; var SEARCH_FIELD_REFERENCES = new Array(); var SEARCH_FIELD_DISPLAYS = new Array(); var searchFields = ALL_SEARCH_FIELDS.split(","); for (var j = 0; j < searchFields.length; j++) { parts = searchFields[j].split(":"); SEARCH_FIELD_REFERENCES[j] = parts[0]; SEARCH_FIELD_DISPLAYS[j] = parts[1]; } var refSite='https://ieeexplore.ieee.org'; var refSiteName="IEEE Xplore"; var applicationName = 'Xplore'; var MC_OPERATION_DELAY_TIMEOUT='5000'; var MC_ADDING_DELAY_MSG='Please wait.The selected item(s) is being added to the cart.'; var MC_TIMEOUT='60000'; var MC_OPERATION_DELAY_MSG_FLAG='true'; var MEMBER_PROFILE_CHANGE_USERNAMEPASS_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/changeusrpwd/showChangeUsrPwdPage.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_MY_PROFILE ='https://www.ieee.org/profile/myprofile/myprofile.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_PROFILE_ADDRESSINFO_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/address/getAddrInfoPage.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_PROFILE_PAYMENTINFO_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/payment/showPaymentHome.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_PROFILE_ORDER_HISTORY_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/vieworder/showOrderHistory.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_USER_COMMUNICATION_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/ieee-privacyportal/app/ibp?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_EDUCATIONAL_PROFILE_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/profedu/getProfEduInformation.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var MEMBER_TECHNICAL_INTERESTS_LINK = 'https://www.ieee.org/profile/tips/getTipsInfo.html?refSite=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org&refSiteName=IEEE Xplore'; var HELPFILE_RELATIVE_PATH = '/Xplorehelp'; //content types var CONTENT_TYPE_PARAM = 'contentType'; var CONTENT_TYPE_BOOKS = 'Books'; var CONTENT_TYPE_COURSES = 'Courses'; var CONTENT_TYPE_STANDARDS = 'Standards'; var CONTENT_TYPE_CONFERENCES = 'Conferences'; var CONTENT_TYPE_JOURNALS = 'Journals'; var CONTENT_TYPE_EARLY_ACCESS = 'Early Access Articles'; //User Preferences var citFormat = ""; var dlFormat = ""; var myProjectLimit = 15; var myProjectDocumentLimit = 1000; var myProjectDocumentTagLimit = 50; //Google ReCaptcha public Key var RECAPTCHA_PUBLIC_KEY = '6Ld6GEUUAAAAALdaAmeGUhZyz1KFFHnd5oCaTW-t'; var seamlessAccessPersistenceUrl = 'https://service.seamlessaccess.org/ps/'; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src='/assets/dist/js/cart/cartScroll.js?cv=20241112_00000' charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" 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