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The majority are [[benign]], but some can be [[malignant]].<ref name="pmid16758686">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marwah N, Mathur SK, Marwah S, Singh S, Karwasra RK, Arora B | title = Malignant Brenner tumour--a case report | journal = Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 251–252 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 16758686 }}</ref> They are most frequently found incidentally on [[pelvic examination]] or at [[laparotomy]].<ref name="pmid16998096">{{cite journal | vauthors = Green GE, Mortele KJ, Glickman JN, Benson CB | title = Brenner tumors of the ovary: sonographic and computed tomographic imaging features | journal = Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine | volume = 25 | issue = 10 | pages = 1245–51; quiz 1252–4 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 16998096 | doi = 10.7863/jum.2006.25.10.1245 | doi-access = }}</ref> Brenner tumours very rarely can occur in other locations, including the [[testes]].<ref name="pmid2021324">{{cite journal | vauthors = Caccamo D, Socias M, Truchet C | title = Malignant Brenner tumor of the testis and epididymis | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 115 | issue = 5 | pages = 524–527 | date = May 1991 | pmid = 2021324 }}</ref> ==Presentation== On gross [[pathology|pathological]] examination, they are solid, sharply circumscribed and pale yellow-tan in colour. 90% are unilateral (arising in one ovary, the other is unaffected). The tumours can vary in size from less than {{convert|1|cm|in}} to {{convert|30|cm|in}}. Borderline and malignant Brenner tumours are possible but each are rare. ==Diagnosis== [[File:Brenner tumour intermed mag.jpg|thumb|right|[[Micrograph]] of a Brenner tumour. [[H&E stain]].]] [[File:Brenner tumor with annotated coffee bean nuclei.jpg|thumb|right|High magnification micrograph of a '''Brenner tumour''' showing the characteristic ''[[coffee bean]]'' nuclei. [[H&E stain]].]] [[Histology|Histologically]], there are nests of [[transitional epithelial]] ([[urothelial]]) cells with longitudinal nuclear grooves ([[coffee bean]] nuclei) lying in abundant fibrous stroma. The coffee bean nuclei are the nuclear grooves exceptionally pathognomonic to the sex cord stromal tumour, the ovarian granulosa cell tumour, with the fluid-filled spaces [[Call–Exner bodies]] between the granulosa cells.<ref>{{Cite web | work = University of Virginia Medical School | url=https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/gyn/ovary3.cfm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060204142045/https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/gyn/ovary3.cfm | archive-date = 4 February 2006 | title=Pathology Thread}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ahr A, Arnold G, Göhring UJ, Costa S, Scharl A, Gauwerky JF | title = Cytology of ascitic fluid in a patient with metastasizing malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary. A case report | journal = Acta Cytologica | volume = 41 | issue = 4 Suppl | pages = 1299–1304 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9990262 | doi = 10.1159/000333524 }}</ref> ==Similar conditions== Transitional cell carcinoma is an even rarer entity, in which neoplastic transitional epithelial cells similar to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are seen in the ovary, without the characteristic stromal/epithelial pattern of a Brenner tumour. Histologically, [[Leydig cell tumour|Leydig cell tumours]] of the testes and ovarian stromal Leydig cell tumours (ovarian hyperandrogenism and virilization) both have characteristic [[Reinke crystals]]. The same crystals were also noted under high-power view in Brenner tumours.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuno Y, Baba T, Kuroda T, Teramoto M, Hirokawa N, Endo T, Saito T | title = Rare case of occult testosterone-producing ovarian tumor that was diagnosed by selective venous hormone sampling | journal = Reproductive Medicine and Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 504–508 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 30377407 | pmc = 6194242 | doi = 10.1002/rmb2.12213 }}</ref> ==Eponym== It is named for [[Fritz Brenner (pathologist)|Fritz Brenner]] (1877&ndash;1969), a German surgeon who characterized it in 1907.<ref name="pmid903146">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lamping JD, Blythe JG | title = Bilateral Brenner tumors: a case report and review of the literature | journal = Human Pathology | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 583–585 | date = September 1977 | pmid = 903146 | doi = 10.1016/S0046-8177(77)80117-2 }}</ref> The term "Brenner tumour" was first used by [[Robert Meyer (pathologist)|Robert Meyer]], in 1932.<ref name="isbn1-85070-040-0">{{cite book | vauthors = Philipp EE, O'Dowd MJ |title=The history of obstetrics and gynaecology |publisher=Parthenon |location=Carnforth, Lancs |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-85070-040-1 |page=586}}</ref> ==Additional images== <gallery> File:Walthard cell rest - very high mag.jpg|[[Micrograph]] of a [[Walthard cell nest]], the entity Brenner tumours are thought to arise from. [[H&E stain]]. </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 33431 | ICD10 = | ICD9 = {{ICD9|220}} | ICDO = 9000 | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D001948 }} * {{cite web|url=http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_iv_2/b/brenner_tumour.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120205102823/http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_iv_2/b/brenner_tumour.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-02-05|title=Brenner tumour|publisher=[[General Electric|GE]]|work=Medcyclopaedia}} *[http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/human_reprod/mml/hrovt_path_screenA57.html Histology] at [[University of Utah]] {{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}} {{Breast cancer/urogenital neoplasia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brenner Tumour}} [[Category:Ovarian cancer]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this 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