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French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Châssis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="תובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷാസിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷാസിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casis" title="Casis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Load-bearing framework</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For computer chassis, see <a href="/wiki/Computer_case" title="Computer case">Computer case</a>.</div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG/220px-CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG/330px-CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG/440px-CT-100_with_CTC-2_chassis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The CTC-2 chassis of an <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> <a href="/wiki/CT-100" title="CT-100">CT-100</a> television</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>chassis</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plural <i>chassis</i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> from French <b>châssis</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʃɑsi]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Structural_load" title="Structural load">load</a>-bearing <a href="/wiki/Structural_frame" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural frame">framework</a> of a manufactured object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame" title="Vehicle frame">vehicle frame</a>, the underpart of a <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a>, on which the body is mounted; if the <a href="/wiki/Running_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Running gear">running gear</a> such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a <a href="/wiki/Rolling_chassis" title="Rolling chassis">rolling chassis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_use">Examples of use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples of use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg/220px-Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg/330px-Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg/440px-Chassis_with_suspension_and_exhaust_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Motor vehicle chassis with its suspension, exhaust system, and steering box</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabinete99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gabinete99.jpg/220px-Gabinete99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gabinete99.jpg/330px-Gabinete99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gabinete99.jpg/440px-Gabinete99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="2353" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/ATX" title="ATX">ATX</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_case" title="Computer case">computer case</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rolling_chassis" title="Rolling chassis">Rolling chassis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame" title="Vehicle frame">Vehicle frame</a></div> <p>In the case of vehicles, the term <i>rolling chassis</i> means the <a href="/wiki/Frame_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame (vehicle)">frame</a> plus the "running <a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">gear</a>" like <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drive_shaft" title="Drive shaft">drive shaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)" title="Differential (mechanical device)">differential</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">suspension</a>. The "rolling chassis" description originated from assembly production when an integrated chassis "rolled on its own tires" just before <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">truck</a> bodies were bolted to the frames near the end of the line.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An underbody (sometimes referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Coachwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachwork">coachwork</a>"), which is usually not necessary for the integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the vehicle. </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicles</a>, a rolling chassis consists of an assembly of all the essential parts of a truck without the body to be ready for operation on the road.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A car chassis will be different from one for commercial vehicles because of the heavier loads and constant work use.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial vehicle manufacturers sell "chassis only", "cowl and chassis", as well as "<a href="/wiki/Chassis_cab" title="Chassis cab">chassis cab</a>" versions that can be outfitted with specialized bodies. These include <a href="/wiki/Recreational_vehicle" title="Recreational vehicle">motor homes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_apparatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire apparatus">fire engines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Box_truck" title="Box truck">box trucks</a>, etc. </p><p>In particular applications, such as <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a>, a government agency like <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a> (NHTSA) in the U.S. defines the design standards of chassis and body conversions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicle</a>'s hull<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serves as the chassis and comprises the bottom part of the AFV that includes the <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">tracks</a>, engine, driver's seat, and crew compartment. This describes the lower hull, although common usage might include the upper hull to mean the AFV without the <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turret</a>. The hull serves as a basis for <a href="/wiki/Car_platform" title="Car platform">platforms</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_engineering_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Military engineering vehicles">combat engineering vehicles</a>, etc. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">intermodal</a> trucking industry, a <a href="/wiki/Container_chassis" title="Container chassis">chassis</a> is a type of semi-trailer onto which a <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">cargo container</a> can be mounted for road transport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics">Electronics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electronics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic device</a> (such as a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>), the chassis consists of a frame or other internal supporting structure on which the <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">circuit boards</a> and other electronics are mounted.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some designs, such as older <a href="/wiki/ENIAC" title="ENIAC">ENIAC</a> sets, the chassis is mounted inside a heavy, rigid cabinet, while in other designs such as modern <a href="/wiki/Computer_case" title="Computer case">computer cases</a>, lightweight covers or panels are attached to the chassis. </p><p>The combination of chassis and outer covering is sometimes called an <i>enclosure</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firearms">Firearms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Firearms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rifle_bedding" title="Rifle bedding">Rifle bedding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XM2010_November_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/XM2010_November_2010.jpg/220px-XM2010_November_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/XM2010_November_2010.jpg/330px-XM2010_November_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/XM2010_November_2010.jpg/440px-XM2010_November_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4756" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M2010_Enhanced_Sniper_Rifle" title="M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle">M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a> <a href="/wiki/Remington_700" class="mw-redirect" title="Remington 700">Remington 700</a> design but <a href="/wiki/Rifle_bedding" title="Rifle bedding">bedded</a> inside an <a href="/wiki/Accurizing" title="Accurizing">accurizing</a> chassis.</figcaption></figure> <p>In firearms, the chassis is a <a href="/wiki/Rifle_bedding" title="Rifle bedding">bedding</a> frame on <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long guns</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a> to replace the traditionally wooden <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">stock</a>, for the purpose of better <a href="/wiki/Accurizing" title="Accurizing">accurizing</a> the gun. The chassis is usually made from hard <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metallic</a> material such as <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_alloy" title="Aluminium alloy">aluminium alloy</a> (and less frequently <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titanium_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanium alloy">titanium alloy</a> or recently <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_alloy" title="Magnesium alloy">magnesium alloy</a>) due to metals having superior <a href="/wiki/Stiffness" title="Stiffness">stiffness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compressive_strength" title="Compressive strength">compressive strength</a> compared with wood or synthetic <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a>, which are commonly used in conventional <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifle</a> stocks. </p><p>The chassis essentially functions as a more extensive pillar bedding, providing a metal-on-metal <a href="/wiki/Bearing_surface" title="Bearing surface">bearing surface</a> that has reduced shifting potential under the stress of <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">recoil</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barreled</a> <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">action</a> bedded into a metal chassis would theoretically operate more consistently during repeated firing, resulting in better <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">precision</a>. With the increasing availability of <a href="/wiki/CNC_machining" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC machining">CNC machining</a>, chassis have become more affordable and sophisticated as well as gained increasing popularity as these types of chassis can be expanded to accommodate customizable "furniture" (<a href="/wiki/Buttstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttstock">buttstock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">pistol grip</a>, etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Rail_interface_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail interface system">rail interface systems</a> that provide mounting points for various accessories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">Airframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">Backbone chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">Body-on-frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">Bogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">Coachbuilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_frame" title="Locomotive frame">Locomotive frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">Monocoque</a>, construction from a structural shell instead of a structural frame</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercarriage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Undercarriage (disambiguation)">Undercarriage (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underframe" title="Underframe">Underframe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chassis">"The American Heritage Dictionary entry: chassis"</a>. <i>Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt+Publishing&rft.atitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+entry%3A+chassis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dchassis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/chassis">"Chassis definition and meaning"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Chassis+definition+and+meaning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fchassis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlierRubenstein2008" class="citation book cs1">Klier, Thomas H.; Rubenstein, James M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERZMbFjLM2UC&dq=Rolling+chassis+jeep&pg=PA273"><i>Who Really Made Your Car?: Restructuring and Geographic Change in the Auto Industry</i></a>. W.E. Upjohn Institute. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780880993333" title="Special:BookSources/9780880993333"><bdi>9780880993333</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Really+Made+Your+Car%3F%3A+Restructuring+and+Geographic+Change+in+the+Auto+Industry&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=W.E.+Upjohn+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780880993333&rft.aulast=Klier&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft.au=Rubenstein%2C+James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERZMbFjLM2UC%26dq%3DRolling%2Bchassis%2Bjeep%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation_of_Licensed_Automobile_Manufacturers_(U.S.)1922" class="citation book cs1">Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (U.S.) (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pjRuEBUi9f0C&q=NACC+definition+of+standard+chassis+commercial&pg=PA180"><i>Official Handbook of Automobiles</i></a>. National Automobile Association. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6360726">6360726</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Handbook+of+Automobiles&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=National+Automobile+Association&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6360726&rft.au=Association+of+Licensed+Automobile+Manufacturers+%28U.S.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpjRuEBUi9f0C%26q%3DNACC%2Bdefinition%2Bof%2Bstandard%2Bchassis%2Bcommercial%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturmey1908" class="citation magazine cs1">Sturmey, Henry (2 April 1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8oDnAAAAMAAJ&q=Chassis+only+commercial+vehicle&pg=PA146">"The Use of Unsuitable Vehicles"</a>. <i>Commercial Motor</i>. Vol. 7, no. 160. pp. 146–147<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commercial+Motor&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Unsuitable+Vehicles&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=160&rft.pages=146-147&rft.date=1908-04-02&rft.aulast=Sturmey&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8oDnAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DChassis%2Bonly%2Bcommercial%2Bvehicle%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenzebackLinMeunier2005" class="citation book cs1">Grenzeback, Lance R.; Lin, Sandi; Meunier, Jacob (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BdzIVGZASxAC&q=cowl+and+chassis+commercial+vehicle&pg=PA13"><i>Operational Differences and Similarities among the Motorcoach, School Bus, and Trucking Industries</i></a>. Transportation Research Board. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309088213" title="Special:BookSources/9780309088213"><bdi>9780309088213</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operational+Differences+and+Similarities+among+the+Motorcoach%2C+School+Bus%2C+and+Trucking+Industries&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Transportation+Research+Board&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780309088213&rft.aulast=Grenzeback&rft.aufirst=Lance+R.&rft.au=Lin%2C+Sandi&rft.au=Meunier%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBdzIVGZASxAC%26q%3Dcowl%2Band%2Bchassis%2Bcommercial%2Bvehicle%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starry p. 45, 79, 129, 143, 153, etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhandpur2006" class="citation book cs1">Khandpur, Raghbir Singh (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vzynnyINF20C&q=electronic+chassis&pg=PA45"><i>Troubleshooting Electronic Equipment</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071477314" title="Special:BookSources/9780071477314"><bdi>9780071477314</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troubleshooting+Electronic+Equipment&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780071477314&rft.aulast=Khandpur&rft.aufirst=Raghbir+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvzynnyINF20C%26q%3Delectronic%2Bchassis%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarry2002" class="citation web cs1">Starry, Donn A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-17-1/CMH_Pub_90-17-1.pdf">"Mounted Combat in Vietnam (Vietnam Studies)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Department of the Army</i>. Washington, D.C<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Army&rft.atitle=Mounted+Combat+in+Vietnam+%28Vietnam+Studies%29&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Starry&rft.aufirst=Donn+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F090%2F90-17-1%2FCMH_Pub_90-17-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChassis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chassis_control_systems" title="Template talk:Chassis control systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chassis_control_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chassis control systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chassis_control_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rolling_chassis" title="Rolling chassis">Chassis</a> control system</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> series</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspension (vehicle)">Suspension</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-roll_bar" title="Anti-roll bar">Anti-roll bar (sway bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">Axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axle_track" title="Axle track">Axle track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">Beam axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_angle" title="Camber angle">Camber angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_handling" title="Automobile handling">Car handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coil_spring" title="Coil spring">Coil spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Dion_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="De Dion tube">De Dion tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_wishbone_suspension" title="Double wishbone suspension">Double wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrolastic" title="Hydrolastic">Hydrolastic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrolastic#Hydragas" title="Hydrolastic">Hydragas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropneumatic_suspension" title="Hydropneumatic suspension">Hydropneumatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">Independent suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_spring" title="Leaf spring">Leaf spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">Live axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacPherson_strut" title="MacPherson strut">MacPherson strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-link_suspension" title="Multi-link suspension">Multi-link suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_rod" title="Panhard rod">Panhard rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_absorber" title="Shock absorber">Shock absorber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_axle" title="Swing axle">Swing axle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_(automotive)" title="Toe (automotive)">Toe angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_bar_suspension" title="Torsion bar suspension">Torsion bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailing_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Trailing arm">Trailing arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsprung_mass" title="Unsprung mass">Unsprung mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt%27s_linkage" title="Watt's linkage">Watt's linkage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_alignment" title="Wheel alignment">Wheel alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steering" title="Steering">Steering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ackermann_steering_geometry" title="Ackermann steering geometry">Ackermann steering geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_angle" title="Caster angle">Caster angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(automotive_part)" title="Kingpin (automotive part)">Kingpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understeer_and_oversteer" title="Understeer and oversteer">Oversteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_steering" title="Power steering">Power steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">Rack and pinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque_steering" class="mw-redirect" title="Torque steering">Torque steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understeer_and_oversteer" title="Understeer and oversteer">Understeer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collision_avoidance_system" title="Collision avoidance system">Automatic braking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system" title="Anti-lock braking system">Anti-lock braking system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_rollover_protection" title="Active rollover protection">Active rollover protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_bleeding" title="Brake bleeding">Brake bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_fade" title="Brake fade">Brake fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_fluid" title="Brake fluid">Brake fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_lining" title="Brake lining">Brake lining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_braking_system" title="Combined braking system">Combined braking system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_brake" title="Disc brake">Disc brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_brake" title="Drum brake">Drum brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_park_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric park brake">Electric park brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_brakeforce_distribution" title="Electronic brakeforce distribution">Electronic brakeforce distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_stability_control" title="Electronic stability control">Electronic stability control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_braking" title="Engine braking">Engine braking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_brake" title="Hydraulic brake">Hydraulic brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid" title="Hydraulic fluid">Hydraulic fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inboard_brake" title="Inboard brake">Inboard brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking_brake" title="Parking brake">Parking brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative brake">Regenerative brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_servo" title="Vacuum servo">Vacuum servo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Roadwheels</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tires (Tyres)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alloy_wheel" title="Alloy wheel">Alloy wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_wheel" title="Custom wheel">Custom wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubcap" title="Hubcap">Hubcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires" title="Outline of tires">Outline of tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostyle_wheel" title="Rostyle wheel">Rostyle wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_(wheel)" title="Spinner (wheel)">Spinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewall_tire" title="Whitewall tire">Whitewall tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wheel" title="Wire wheel">Wire wheels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CarDesign_nav" title="Template:CarDesign nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CarDesign_nav" title="Template talk:CarDesign nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CarDesign_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CarDesign nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Part of a series of articles on <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">cars</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame" title="Vehicle frame">Framework</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">Backbone chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltline_(automotive)" title="Beltline (automotive)">Beltline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">Body-on-frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_(car)" title="Bumper (car)">Bumper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagmar_bumper" title="Dagmar bumper">Dagmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_tire" title="Continental tire">Continental tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumple_zone" title="Crumple zone">Crumple zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_(vehicle)" title="Fender (vehicle)">Fender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponton_(car)" title="Ponton (car)">ponton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_skirts" title="Fender skirts">skirts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(car)" title="Grille (car)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_scoop" title="Hood scoop">scoop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_scoop" title="Shaker scoop">shaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">Monocoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_(car)" title="Pillar (car)">Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_platform" title="Car platform">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_panel" title="Quarter panel">Quarter panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_roof" title="Automobile roof">Roof</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roof_rack" title="Roof rack">rack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(car)" title="Spoiler (car)">Spoiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stressed_member_engine" title="Stressed member engine">Stressed member engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subframe" title="Subframe">Subframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonneau" title="Tonneau">Tonneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk lid">Trunk lid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Compartments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood/bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_(car)" title="Trunk (car)">Trunk/boot/dickie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Car_door" title="Car door">Doors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_doors" title="Butterfly doors">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_canopy" title="Vehicle canopy">Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull-wing_door" title="Gull-wing door">Gull-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_doors" title="Scissor doors">Scissor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliding_door_(car)" title="Sliding door (car)">Sliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_door" title="Suicide door">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_doors" title="Swan doors">Swan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_glass" title="Vehicle glass">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_run_channel" title="Glass run channel">Glass run channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_(car)" title="Greenhouse (car)">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_window" title="Opera window">Opera window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">Power window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_glass" title="Quarter glass">Quarter glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroof" title="Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">Windshield/windscreen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">washer fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windscreen_wiper" title="Windscreen wiper">wiper</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_sticker" title="Bumper sticker">Bumper sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curb_feeler" title="Curb feeler">Curb feeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-end_bra" title="Front-end bra">Front-end bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_ornament" title="Hood ornament">Hood ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_instruments" title="List of vehicle instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_black" title="Japan black">Japan black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerf_bar" title="Nerf bar">Nerf bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniview_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Omniview technology">Omniview technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tire/tyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run-flat_tire" title="Run-flat tire">run-flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_tire" title="Spare tire">spare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_departure_angles" title="Approach and departure angles">Approach and departure angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakover_angle" title="Breakover angle">Breakover angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_height" title="Ride height">Ride height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_center" title="Roll center">Roll center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_radius" title="Turning radius">Turning radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_distribution" title="Weight distribution">Weight distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Exterior<br />equipment</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_lighting" title="Automotive lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automotive_light_bulb_types" title="List of automotive light bulb types">Automotive light bulb types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp" title="Daytime running lamp">Daytime running lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlamp" title="Headlamp">Headlamp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_headlamp" title="Hidden headlamp">hidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">high-intensity discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolic_aluminized_reflector" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">sealed beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafficators" title="Trafficators">trafficators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_horn" title="Vehicle horn">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-view_mirror" title="Side-view mirror">Side-view mirror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_side-view_mirror" title="Power side-view mirror">power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_hitch" title="Tow hitch">Tow hitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_deflector" title="Window deflector">Window deflector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Registration plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_plate" title="Vanity plate">vanity plate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number" title="Vehicle identification number">Vehicle identification number (VIN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobiles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automobiles">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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