CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Israel Defense Forces - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0ada8a1a-025c-421f-87fe-2b25a5e987b1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Israel_Defense_Forces","wgTitle":"Israel Defense Forces","wgCurRevisionId":1257006202,"wgRevisionId":1257006202,"wgArticleId":39237,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from November 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL", "Articles with dead external links from June 2016","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with dead external links from August 2021","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Webarchive template other archives","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use dmy dates from May 2017","Use American English from September 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles needing additional references from January 2013","All articles needing additional references","Articles needing additional references from June 2017","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles needing additional references from March 2024","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2024","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009", "Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Israel Defense Forces","1948 establishments in Israel","Military units and formations established in 1948","Israel Prize in education recipients","Israel Prize recipients that are organizations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Israel_Defense_Forces","wgRelevantArticleId":39237,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline": false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q58967","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/1200px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1110"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/800px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="740"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/640px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="592"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Israel Defense Forces - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Israel_Defense_Forces rootpage-Israel_Defense_Forces skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Israel+Defense+Forces" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Israel+Defense+Forces" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Israel+Defense+Forces" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Israel+Defense+Forces" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Regional commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Administrative branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Other bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ranks, uniforms and insignia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ranks, uniforms and insignia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_service_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Military service routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_service_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_service_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Special service routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_service_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regular_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regular_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Regular service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regular_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permanent_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanent_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Permanent service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Reserve service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-IDF_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-IDF_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Non-IDF service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-IDF_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minorities_in_the_IDF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minorities_in_the_IDF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Minorities in the IDF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minorities_in_the_IDF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druze_and_Circassians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druze_and_Circassians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Druze and Circassians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druze_and_Circassians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bedouins_and_Israeli_Arabs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bedouins_and_Israeli_Arabs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Bedouins and Israeli Arabs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bedouins_and_Israeli_Arabs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopian_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Ethiopian Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haredim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haredim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Haredim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haredim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>LGBT people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaf_and_hard-of-hearing_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaf_and_hard-of-hearing_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Deaf and hard-of-hearing people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaf_and_hard-of-hearing_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Vegans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_volunteers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_volunteers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.13</span> <span>Overseas volunteers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_volunteers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Doctrine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Doctrine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Doctrine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IDF_Code_of_Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IDF_Code_of_Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>IDF Code of Ethics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IDF_Code_of_Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeted_killing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeted_killing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Targeted killing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targeted_killing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hannibal_Directive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hannibal_Directive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Hannibal Directive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hannibal_Directive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dahiya_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dahiya_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Dahiya doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dahiya_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment_and_weaponry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment_and_weaponry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Equipment and weaponry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment_and_weaponry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment and weaponry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment_and_weaponry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Military equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Main developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_rations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_rations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Field rations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_rations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Development plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_military_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_military_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Foreign military relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_military_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Foreign military relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_military_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.11</span> <span>Azerbaijan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.12</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commemoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Parades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Security forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_industry_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_industry_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Defense industry of Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_industry_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Strategic communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_subjects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_subjects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Related subjects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_subjects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References and footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_and_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Israel Defense Forces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliese_Verdedigingsmagte" title="Israeliese Verdedigingsmagte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Israeliese Verdedigingsmagte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="الجيش الإسرائيلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش الإسرائيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuercies_de_Defensa_d%27Israel" title="Fuercies de Defensa d'Israel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuercies de Defensa d'Israel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Silahl%C4%B1_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="İsrail Silahlı Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsrail Silahlı Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ইসরায়েলি প্রতিরক্ষা বাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসরায়েলি প্রতিরক্ষা বাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Израелски отбранителни сили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Израелски отбранителни сили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsahal" title="Tsahal – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tsahal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_de_Defensa_d%27Israel" title="Forces de Defensa d'Israel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forces de Defensa d'Israel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%97%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%B3%D1%82%D3%97%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D2%AB%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%97" title="Израилӗн хӳтӗлев ҫарӗ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Израилӗн хӳтӗлев ҫарӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelsk%C3%A9_obrann%C3%A9_s%C3%ADly" title="Izraelské obranné síly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izraelské obranné síly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu_Amddiffyn_Israel" title="Llu Amddiffyn Israel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llu Amddiffyn Israel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Israel Defense Forces" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelische_Verteidigungsstreitkr%C3%A4fte" title="Israelische Verteidigungsstreitkräfte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Israelische Verteidigungsstreitkräfte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisraeli_kaitsej%C3%B5ud" title="Iisraeli kaitsejõud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iisraeli kaitsejõud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%86%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB" title="Δυνάμεις Άμυνας του Ισραήλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυνάμεις Άμυνας του Ισραήλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_de_Defensa_de_Israel" title="Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelaj_Defendaj_Fortoj" title="Israelaj Defendaj Fortoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Israelaj Defendaj Fortoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelgo_Defentsa_Indarrak" title="Israelgo Defentsa Indarrak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israelgo Defentsa Indarrak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="نیروهای دفاعی اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای دفاعی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsahal" title="Tsahal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tsahal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rsa%C3%AD_Cosanta_Iosrael" title="Fórsaí Cosanta Iosrael – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fórsaí Cosanta Iosrael" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%B0" title="이스라엘 방위군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘 방위군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Իսրայելի պաշտպանության բանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսրայելի պաշտպանության բանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelske_obrambene_snage" title="Izraelske obrambene snage – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izraelske obrambene snage" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defens-armeo_di_Israel" title="Defens-armeo di Israel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Defens-armeo di Israel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasukan_Pertahanan_Israel" title="Pasukan Pertahanan Israel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pasukan Pertahanan Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsraelsher" title="Ísraelsher – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ísraelsher" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_di_difesa_israeliane" title="Forze di difesa israeliane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forze di difesa israeliane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="צבא הגנה לישראל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבא הגנה לישראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Pertahanan_Israel" title="Angkatan Pertahanan Israel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Angkatan Pertahanan Israel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ისრაელის თავდაცვის ძალები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისრაელის თავდაცვის ძალები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeshi_la_Ulinzi_la_Israeli" title="Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAz%C3%AAn_Parastina_%C3%8Esra%C3%AAl%C3%AA" title="Hêzên Parastina Îsraêlê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hêzên Parastina Îsraêlê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsahal" title="Tsahal – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tsahal" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izra%C4%93las_Aizsardz%C4%ABbas_armija" title="Izraēlas Aizsardzības armija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izraēlas Aizsardzības armija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelio_gynybos_paj%C4%97gos" title="Izraelio gynybos pajėgos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izraelio gynybos pajėgos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_de_Defesa_de_Israell" title="Forze de Defesa de Israell – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Forze de Defesa de Israell" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izrael_hadereje" title="Izrael hadereje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izrael hadereje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Израелски одбранбени сили – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Израелски одбранбени сили" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafi-Piarovan%27_i_Israely" title="Tafi-Piarovan' i Israely – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tafi-Piarovan' i Israely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Pertahanan_Israel" title="Angkatan Pertahanan Israel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan Pertahanan Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Израилын батлан хамгаалах хүчин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Израилын батлан хамгаалах хүчин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%C3%ABlisch_defensieleger" title="Israëlisch defensieleger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Israëlisch defensieleger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="イスラエル国防軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラエル国防軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_forsvar" title="Israels forsvar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Israels forsvar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="اسرائیلی دفاعی افواج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسرائیلی دفاعی افواج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82y_Obronne_Izraela" title="Siły Obronne Izraela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siły Obronne Izraela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_de_Defesa_de_Israel" title="Forças de Defesa de Israel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças de Defesa de Israel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armata_Israelian%C4%83" title="Armata Israeliană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armata Israeliană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Армия обороны Израиля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Армия обороны Израиля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_Mbrojtjes_t%C3%AB_Izraelit" title="Forcat e Mbrojtjes të Izraelit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e Mbrojtjes të Izraelit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F" title="ඊශ්‍රායල සන්නද්ධ හමුදා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඊශ්‍රායල සන්නද්ධ හමුදා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Israel Defense Forces" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelsk%C3%A9_obrann%C3%A9_sily" title="Izraelské obranné sily – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izraelské obranné sily" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelske_obrambne_sile" title="Izraelske obrambne sile – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izraelske obrambne sile" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ھێزەکانی بەرگریی ئیسرائیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێزەکانی بەرگریی ئیسرائیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Израелске одбрамбене снаге – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Израелске одбрамбене снаге" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelske_obrambene_snage" title="Izraelske obrambene snage – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izraelske obrambene snage" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelin_puolustusvoimat" title="Israelin puolustusvoimat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Israelin puolustusvoimat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_f%C3%B6rsvarsmakt" title="Israels försvarsmakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Israels försvarsmakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுரேலிய பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுரேலிய பாதுகாப்புப் படைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="กองกำลังป้องกันอิสราเอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองกำลังป้องกันอิสราเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="İsrail Savunma Kuvvetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsrail Savunma Kuvvetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Армія оборони Ізраїлю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Армія оборони Ізраїлю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="اسرائیلی دفاعی افواج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسرائیلی دفاعی افواج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Ph%C3%B2ng_v%E1%BB%87_Israel" title="Lực lượng Phòng vệ Israel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lực lượng Phòng vệ Israel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" title="以色列国防军 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="以色列国防军" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%94%22%D7%9C" title="צה"ל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צה"ל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="以色列國防軍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列國防軍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58967#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Israel_Defense_Forces" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Israel_Defense_Forces" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&oldid=1257006202" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Israel_Defense_Forces&id=1257006202&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsrael_Defense_Forces"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsrael_Defense_Forces"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Israel_Defense_Forces" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Israel_Defense_Forces" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58967" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Combined military forces of Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"IDF" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/IDF_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="IDF (disambiguation)">IDF (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Israel Defense Forces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><span class="noitalic"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">צבא ההגנה לישראל</span>‎</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/150px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/225px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg/300px-Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="1540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_Emblem" title="Israel Defense Forces Emblem">Emblem</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="1649" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Standard</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1948<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1948-05-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Israeli_Army_%28Land_Arm%29_Gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ground_Forces" title="Israeli Ground Forces">Israeli Ground Forces</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/45px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="486" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idf.il/en/">idf.il</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_leadership" title="Category:Military leadership">Leadership</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2551" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Defense_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Minister of Israel">Defense Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg/35px-Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Israel_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2268" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Israel)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Israel)">Chief of the General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg/23px-Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg/35px-Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg/45px-Flag_of_IDF_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2268" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Herzi_Halevi" title="Herzi Halevi">Herzi Halevi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Personnel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military age</th><td class="infobox-data">17</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24–34 months</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available for<br />military service</th><td class="infobox-data">1,554,186 males, age 17–49 (2016),<br />1,514,063 females, age 17–49 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fit for<br />military service</th><td class="infobox-data">1,499,998 males, age 17–49 (2016),<br />1,392,319 females, age 17–49 (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reaching military<br />age annually</th><td class="infobox-data">60,000 males (2016),<br />60,000 females (2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active personnel</th><td class="infobox-data">169,500<sup id="cite_ref-IISS1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Reserve personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data">465,000<sup id="cite_ref-IISS1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expenditure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Budget</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>24.3 billion</span> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">ranked 15th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Percent of GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.2% (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">Industry</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Military Industries">Israel Military Industries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Weapon_Industries" title="Israel Weapon Industries">Israel Weapon Industries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elbit_Systems" title="Elbit Systems">Elbit Systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elisra" title="Elisra">Elisra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elta_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Elta Systems">Elta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Shipyards" title="Israel Shipyards">Israel Shipyards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foreign suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Related articles</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> <small>(1948–1949)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a> <small>(1951–1956)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Sinai War</a> <small>(1956)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> <small>(1967)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <small>(1967–1970)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> <small>(1973)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Operation Litani</a> <small>(1978)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a> <small>(1982–1985)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1982%E2%80%932000)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> <small>(1985–2000)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> <small>(1987–1993)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> <small>(2000–2005)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a> <small>(2006)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War (2008–2009)</a> <small>(2008–2009)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012 Gaza War</a> <small>(2012)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a> <small>(2014)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a> <small>(2021)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> <small>(2023–present)</small><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_conducted_by_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations conducted by the Israel Defense Forces">Others</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_ranks" title="Israel Defense Forces ranks">Israel Defense Forces ranks</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Israel Defense Forces</b> (<b>IDF</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל</span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ee\/He-Israeli_Defense_Forces.ogg\/He-Israeli_Defense_Forces.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<i>Tsva ha-Hagana le-Yisra'el<\/i>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"He-Israeli Defense Forces.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/He-Israeli_Defense_Forces.ogg/He-Israeli_Defense_Forces.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><i>Tsva ha-Hagana le-Yisra'el</i></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:He-Israeli_Defense_Forces.ogg" title="File:He-Israeli Defense Forces.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Army for the Defense of Israel</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym <b><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tzahal</i></span></b> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">צה״ל</span></span>), is the national <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>. It consists of three service branches: the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ground_Forces" title="Israeli Ground Forces">Israeli Ground Forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the sole military wing of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_security_forces" title="Israeli security forces">Israeli security apparatus</a>. The IDF is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Israel)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Israel)">Chief of the General Staff</a>, who is subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Israeli Defense Minister</a>. </p><p>On the orders of first Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, the IDF was formed on 26 May 1948 and began to operate as a <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">conscript military</a>, drawing its initial recruits from the already-existing paramilitaries of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a>—namely <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a>. It was formed shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> and has participated in <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">every armed conflict involving Israel</a>. In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a>, the IDF underwent a significant strategic realignment. Previously spread across various fronts—<a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in the south—the IDF redirected its focus towards <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon" title="Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a> and its occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>). In 2000, the IDF withdrew from Southern Lebanon and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">in 2005 from Gaza</a>. Conflict between Israel and Islamist groups based in Gaza, notably <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, has continued since then. Moreover, notable <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian border incidents</a> have occurred frequently since 2011, due to regional instability caused by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>. </p><p>Since 1967, the IDF has maintained a <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">close security relationship with the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including in research and development cooperation, with joint efforts on the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow</a> defence system, among others. The IDF is believed to have maintained <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" title="Nuclear weapons and Israel">an operational nuclear weapons capability since 1967</a>, possibly possessing between 80 and 400 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear warheads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-israelcohen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israelcohen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF’s actions and policies in the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="Occupied Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> have faced widespread criticism, with accusations of <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">repression</a>, discrimination, and abuses of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Palestinian rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Israeli cabinet</a> ratified the name "Israel Defense Forces" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל</span>), <i>Tzva HaHagana LeYisra'el</i>, literally "the army for the defence of Israel," on 26 May 1948. The other main contender was <i>Tzva Yisra'el</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">צְבָא יִשְׂרָאֵל</span>). The name was chosen because it conveyed the idea that the army's role was defence and incorporated the name <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>, the pre-state defensive organization upon which the new army was based.<sup id="cite_ref-ostfeld-name_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostfeld-name-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the primary opponents of the name were Minister <a href="/wiki/Haim-Moshe_Shapira" title="Haim-Moshe Shapira">Haim-Moshe Shapira</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a> party, both in favor of <i>Tzva Yisra'el</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ostfeld-name_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostfeld-name-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="History of the Israel Defense Forces">History of the Israel Defense Forces</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zionism#Pre-state_self-defense" title="Zionism">Zionism § Pre-state self-defense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israeli war crimes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Israel Defense Forces operations">List of the Israel Defense Forces operations</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Israel Defense Forces">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharon_ageila.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Sharon_ageila.JPG/170px-Sharon_ageila.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Sharon_ageila.JPG/255px-Sharon_ageila.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Sharon_ageila.JPG/340px-Sharon_ageila.JPG 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Major-Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> (left), during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu-Ageila_(1967)" title="Battle of Abu-Ageila (1967)">Battle of Abu-Ageila</a>, June 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>The IDF traces its roots to Jewish paramilitary organizations in the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a>, starting with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Aliyah" title="Second Aliyah">Second Aliyah</a> (1904 to 1914).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There had been several such organizations, or in part even older date, such as the "Mahane Yehuda" mounted guards company founded by Michael Halperin in 1891<sup id="cite_ref-post_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona#History" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a>), <a href="/wiki/HaMagen" class="mw-redirect" title="HaMagen">HaMagen</a> (1915–17),<sup id="cite_ref-Oslo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oslo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HaNoter<sup id="cite_ref-Oslo_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oslo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1912–13; see <a href="/wiki/Zionism#Pre-state_self-defense" title="Zionism">Zionism: Pre-state self-defense</a>), and the much more consequential (but falsely-claimed "first" such organization), <a href="/wiki/Bar-Giora" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar-Giora">Bar-Giora</a>, founded in September 1907. Bar-Giora was transformed into <a href="/wiki/Hashomer" title="Hashomer">Hashomer</a> in April 1909, which operated until the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization with a narrow scope and was mainly created to protect against criminal gangs seeking to steal property. The <a href="/wiki/Zion_Mule_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Zion Mule Corps">Zion Mule Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion" title="Jewish Legion">Jewish Legion</a>, both part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, further bolstered the Yishuv with military experience and manpower, forming the basis for later paramilitary forces.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/1920_Palestine_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Palestine riots">1920 Palestine riots</a> against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuv leadership realized the need for a nationwide underground defence organization, and the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> was founded in June 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Haganah became a full-scale defence force after the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a> with an organized structure, consisting of three main units—the <a href="/wiki/Hish_(Haganah_corps)" title="Hish (Haganah corps)">Field Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guard_Corps_(Haganah)" title="Guard Corps (Haganah)">Guard Corps</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a>. During World War II, the Yishuv participated in the British war effort, culminating in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Brigade" title="Jewish Brigade">Jewish Brigade</a>. These would eventually form the backbone of the Israel Defense Forces, and provide it with its initial manpower and doctrine. </p><p>Following Israel's <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (Israel)">Declaration of Independence</a>, Prime Minister and Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> issued an order for the formation of the Israel Defense Forces on 26 May 1948. Although Ben-Gurion had no legal authority to issue such an order, the order was made legal by <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">the cabinet</a> on 31 May. The same order called for the disbandment of all other Jewish armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-ostfeld-legal_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostfeld-legal-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two other Jewish underground organizations, <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a>, agreed to join the IDF if they would be able to form independent units and agreed not to make independent arms purchases. This was the background for the <a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena Affair</a>, a confrontation surrounding weapons purchased by the Irgun resulting in a standoff between Irgun members and the newly created IDF. The affair came to an end when <i>Altalena</i>, the ship carrying the arms, was shelled by the IDF. Following the affair, all independent Irgun and Lehi units were either disbanded or merged into the IDF. The Palmach, a leading component of the Haganah, also joined the IDF <a href="/wiki/The_Generals%27_Revolt" title="The Generals' Revolt">with provisions</a>, and Ben Gurion responded by disbanding its staff in 1949, after which many senior Palmach officers retired, notably its first commander, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Sadeh" title="Yitzhak Sadeh">Yitzhak Sadeh</a>. </p><p>The new army organized itself when the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a> escalated into the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, which saw neighbouring Arab states attack. Twelve <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Corps_(Israel)" title="Infantry Corps (Israel)">infantry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armor_Corps_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Corps (Israel)">armoured</a> brigades formed: <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmeli_Brigade" title="Carmeli Brigade">Carmeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandroni_Brigade" title="Alexandroni Brigade">Alexandroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiryati_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryati Brigade">Kiryati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etzioni_Brigade" title="Etzioni Brigade">Etzioni</a>, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Armoured_Brigade_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Armoured Brigade (Israel)">7th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/8th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="8th Armored Brigade (Israel)">8th</a> armoured brigades, <a href="/wiki/Oded_Brigade" title="Oded Brigade">Oded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiftach_Brigade" title="Yiftach Brigade">Yiftach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Negev_Brigade" title="Negev Brigade">the Negev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-idf-enc-11-15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idf-enc-11-15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, some of the brigades were converted to reserve units, and others were disbanded. Directorates and corps were created from corps and services in the Haganah, and this basic structure in the IDF <a href="#Organization">still exists today</a>. </p><p>Immediately after the 1948 war, the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Palestinian conflict">Israel-Palestinian conflict</a> shifted to a <a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">low-intensity conflict</a> between the IDF and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Palestinian fedayeen</a>. In the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, the IDF's first serious test of strength after 1949, the new army captured the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> from Egypt, which was later returned. In the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Israel conquered the Sinai Peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> from the surrounding Arab states, changing the balance of power in the region as well as the role of the IDF. In the following years leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, the IDF fought in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> against Egypt in the Sinai and a border war against the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a>. </p><p>The surprise of the Yom Kippur War and its aftermath completely changed the IDF's procedures and approach to warfare. Organizational changes were made and more time was dedicated to training for <a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">conventional warfare</a>. However, in the following years the army's role slowly shifted again to low-intensity conflict, <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a>. An example of the latter was the successful 1976 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Entebbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Operation Entebbe</a> commando raid to free hijacked airline passengers being held captive in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. During this era, the IDF also mounted a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">successful bombing mission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> to destroy its nuclear reactor. It was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>, initiating <a href="/wiki/Operation_Litani" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Litani">Operation Litani</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>, where the IDF ousted Palestinian guerrilla organizations from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. </p><p>For twenty-five years the IDF maintained a <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_southern_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon">security zone</a> inside South Lebanon with their allies the <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a>. Palestinian militancy has been the main focus of the IDF ever since, especially during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifadas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Gaza War (2008–2009)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pillar_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Pillar of Defense">2012 Gaza War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Protective_Edge" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Protective Edge">2014 Gaza War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Guardian of the Walls">2021 Israel-Palestine crisis</a>, causing the IDF to change many of its values and publish the <a href="/wiki/IDF_Code_of_Ethics" title="IDF Code of Ethics">IDF Code of Ethics</a>. The Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> organization <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> has also been a growing threat,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against which the IDF fought an <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1982%E2%80%932000)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)">asymmetric conflict</a> between 1982 and 2000, as well as a <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">full-scale war</a> in 2006. </p><p>The Israel Defense Forces have been accused of committing various <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">war crimes</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">founding of Israel</a> in 1948. Israel ratified the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> on July 6, 1951,<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on January 2, 2015, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> acceded to the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>, granting the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> (ICC) jurisdiction over war crimes committed in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Occupied Palestinian Territories</a> (OPT).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2017 report by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> accused the IDF of <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_killing" title="Unlawful killing">unlawful killings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">using excessive force in policing situations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a>, excessive use of <a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" title="Detention (imprisonment)">detention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_freedom_of_movement" title="Palestinian freedom of movement">excessive restrictions on movement</a>, as well as criticized the IDF's support and protection for <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Palestinian territory">occupied Palestinian territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human rights experts argue that actions taken by the IDF during armed conflicts in the OPT fall under the rubric of war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various <a href="/wiki/UN_special_rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="UN special rapporteur">UN special rapporteurs</a>, alongside human rights and aid organizations including <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, have accused Israel of war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSF_war_crimes1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSF_war_crimes1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Honor_Guard_at_IDF_Headquarters_for_Outgoing_Chief_of_Staff_Lt._Gen._Gabi_Ashkenazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>IDF <a href="/wiki/HaKirya" title="HaKirya">Kirya Compound</a>, Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> <p>All branches of the IDF answer to a single <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff (Israel)">General Staff</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of General Staff (Israel)">Chief of the General Staff</a> is the only serving officer having the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> (<i>Rav Aluf</i>). He reports directly to the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Minister of Israel">Defense Minister</a> and indirectly to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> and the cabinet. Chiefs of Staff are formally appointed by the cabinet, based on the Defense Minister's recommendation, for three years. The government can vote to extend their service to four, and on rare occasions even five years. The current chief of staff is <a href="/wiki/Herzi_Halevi" title="Herzi Halevi">Herzi Halevi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3></div> <p>The IDF includes the following bodies. Those whose respective heads are members of the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff (Israel)">General Staff</a> are in bold: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_idf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Structure_idf.png/550px-Structure_idf.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Structure_idf.png/825px-Structure_idf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Structure_idf.png/1100px-Structure_idf.png 2x" data-file-width="4568" data-file-height="3503" /></a><figcaption>The structure of the Israel Defense Forces (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_commands">Regional commands</h4></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(Israel)" title="Northern Command (Israel)">Northern Command</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(Israel)" title="Central Command (Israel)">Central Command</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(Israel)" title="Southern Command (Israel)">Southern Command</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Home_Front_Command_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Front Command (Israel)">Home Front Command</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arms">Arms</h4></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ground_Forces" title="Israeli Ground Forces">Ground Arm</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Corps_(Israel)" title="Infantry Corps (Israel)">Infantry Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">1st "Golani" Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Paratroopers_Brigade_(Israel)" title="35th Paratroopers Brigade (Israel)">35th "Paratroopers" Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Brigade" title="Nahal Brigade">84th "Nahal" Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz_Brigade" title="Oz Brigade">89th "Oz" Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfir_Brigade" title="Kfir Brigade">900th "Kfir" Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">933rd "Givati" Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_Corps_(Israel)" title="Armored Corps (Israel)">Armored Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="7th Armored Brigade (Israel)">7th "Saar me-Golan" Armored Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barak_Armored_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Barak Armored Brigade">188th "Barak" Armored Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401st_Brigade_(Israel)" title="401st Brigade (Israel)">401st "Ikvot HaBarzel" Armored Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/460th_Brigade_(Israel)" title="460th Brigade (Israel)">460th "Bnei Or" Armored Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_Corps_(Israel)" title="Artillery Corps (Israel)">Artillery Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Engineering_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Engineering Corps">Combat Engineering Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Intelligence_Collection_Corps_(Israel)" title="Combat Intelligence Collection Corps (Israel)">Combat Intelligence Collection Corps</a></li></ul> <p><b>Air and Space Arm</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Defense_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Air Defense Network">Air Defense Network</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><b>Sea Arm</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_branches">Administrative branches</h4></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces">General Staff</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b>Multi-Branch Force Buildup Directorate</b></li></ul> <p>The IDF operates, as of 2024, a Multi-Domain Joint Operations Array, dealing with <a href="/wiki/Multi-domain_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-domain operations">multi-domain operations</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">joint warfare</a> branch. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third-Circle_Directorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third-Circle Directorate (page does not exist)">Third-Circle Directorate</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A3_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" class="extiw" title="he:אגף אסטרטגיה ומעגל שלישי">he</a>]</span></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Operations_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Operations Directorate">Operations Directorate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IDF_Spokesperson%27s_Unit" title="IDF Spokesperson's Unit">IDF Spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dado_Center_for_Interdisciplinary_Military_Studies" title="The Dado Center for Interdisciplinary Military Studies">The Dado Center for Interdisciplinary Military Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aman_(IDF)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aman (IDF)">Intelligence Directorate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Corps" title="Israeli Intelligence Corps">Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Censor" title="Israeli Military Censor">Military Censor</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Depth_Corps" title="Depth Corps">Depth Headquarters</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manpower_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Manpower Directorate">Manpower Directorate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Military Police">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Education_and_Youth_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Education and Youth Corps">Education and Youth Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Adjutant_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Adjutant Corps">Adjutant Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_General_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli General Corps">General Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Rabbinate" title="Military Rabbinate">Military Rabbinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Affairs_advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Affairs advisor">Women's Affairs advisor</a></li> <li>Manpower Planning and Administration brigade</li> <li>Individuals' Department</li> <li>Staff Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Chief_Reserve_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Chief Reserve Officer">Chief Reserve Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Military Courts / Tribunals Unit</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Military Court">Military Court / Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Advocate_General" title="Military Advocate General">Military Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Military Court of Appeals">Military Court of Appeals</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Computer_Service_Directorate" title="Computer Service Directorate">Computer Service Directorate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C4I_Corps" title="C4I Corps">Teleprocessing and Signal Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Logistics,_Medical,_and_the_Centers_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Logistics, Medical, and the Centers Directorate">Technological and Logistics Directorate</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ordnance_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Ordnance Corps">Ordnance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_Corps_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Logistics Corps (Israel)">Logistics Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Medical_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Medical Corps">Medical Corps</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_bodies">Other bodies</h4></div> <p><b>Military:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Military Academies</b> <ul><li>Tactical Command College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_and_Staff_College_(Israel)" title="Command and Staff College (Israel)">Command and Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_College_(Israel)" title="National Security College (Israel)">National Security College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Advisor_to_the_Chief_of_Staff" title="Financial Advisor to the Chief of Staff">Financial Advisor to the Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Military Secretary to the Prime Minister">Military Secretary to the Prime Minister</a></li></ul> <p><b>Civilian:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Director-general">Director-general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Establishment_Comptroller_Unit" title="Defense Establishment Comptroller Unit">Defense Establishment Comptroller Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_the_Development_of_Weapons_and_the_Technological_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration for the Development of Weapons and the Technological Industry">Administration for the Development of Weapons and the Technological Industry</a></li> <li>Engineering and Construction Department of the Ministry of Defense</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Units">Units</h3></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><b>Ground Forces</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Hebrew</th> <th>English</th> <th>Commander </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חֻלְיָה</span>‎<br /><i>Hulya</i></td> <td>Fire Team</td> <td><i>Mashak Hulya</i><br />("Fire Team Leader")<br />Corporal or Sergeant </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כִּתָּה</span>‎<br /><i>Kita</i></td> <td>Squad / Section</td> <td><i>Mashak Kita</i><br />("Squad / Section Leader")<br />Staff Sergeant </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מַחְלָקָה</span>‎<br /><i>Mahlaka</i></td> <td>Platoon</td> <td><i>Mefaked Mahlaka</i> ("Platoon Commander")<br />Lieutenant </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פְּלֻגָּה</span>‎<br /><i>Pluga</i></td> <td>Company</td> <td><i>Mefaked Pluga</i> ("Company Commander")<br />Captain </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">סוֹלְלָה</span>‎<br /><i>Solela</i></td> <td>Artillery Battery</td> <td>Captain or Major </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">סַיֶּרֶת</span>‎<br /><i>Sayeret</i></td> <td>Reconnaissance</td> <td>Captain or Major </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">גְּדוּד</span>‎<br /><i>Gdud</i></td> <td>Battalion</td> <td>Lieutenant-Colonel </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חֲטִיבָה</span>‎<br /><i>Hativa</i></td> <td>Brigade</td> <td>Colonel </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֻגְדָּה</span>‎<br /><i>Ugda</i></td> <td>Division</td> <td>(1948–1967) Major-General<br />(1968–Present) Brigadier-General </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">גַּיִס</span>‎<br /><i>Gayis</i> </td> <td>Army </td> <td>Major-General </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><b>Air Force</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Hebrew</th> <th>English</th> <th>Commander </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">טַיֶּסֶת</span>‎<br /><i>Tayeset</i></td> <td>Air Force Squadron</td> <td>Captain or Major </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">כָּנָף</span>‎<br /><i>Kanaf</i></td> <td>Air Forces Wing</td> <td>Lieutenant-Colonel </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">לַהַק</span>‎<br /><i>Lahak</i></td> <td>Air Force Command</td> <td>Colonel </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks,_uniforms_and_insignia"><span id="Ranks.2C_uniforms_and_insignia"></span>Ranks, uniforms and insignia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_ranks" title="Israel Defense Forces ranks">Israel Defense Forces ranks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg/220px-Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg/330px-Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg/440px-Dayan_w_Kuntila_Raid_comm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1606" /></a><figcaption>Israeli officers of the Paratrooper Battalion 890 in 1955 with <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a> (standing, third from the left). <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> is standing, second from the left and commando <a href="/wiki/Meir_Har_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Meir Har Zion">Meir Har Zion</a> is standing furthest left. Note the wearing of four pocket tunics by paratroopers and khaki uniforms being worn as a sort of dress uniform.</figcaption></figure><p> Unlike most militaries, the IDF uses the same rank names in all corps, including the air force and navy. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milhama1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Milhama1.jpg/220px-Milhama1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Milhama1.jpg/330px-Milhama1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Milhama1.jpg/440px-Milhama1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers coming back from the Second Lebanon war, armed with the <a href="/wiki/M4_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="M4 Carbine">M4 Carbine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IMI_Negev" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Negev">IMI Negev</a> light <a href="/wiki/Machinegun" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinegun">machinegun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the formation of the IDF until the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major" title="Sergeant major">sergeant major</a> was a particularly important <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">warrant officer</a> rank, in line with usage in other armies. In the 1980s and 1990s the proliferating ranks of sergeant major became devalued, and now all professional <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officer</a> ranks are a variation on sergeant major (<i>rav samal</i>) except for <i>rav nagad</i>. </p><p>All translations here are the official translations of the IDF's website.<sup id="cite_ref-IDF_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Conscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscript">Conscripts</a></b> (<i>Hogrim</i>) (Conscript ranks may be gained purely on time served) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> (<i>Turai</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> (<i>Rav Turai</i>) (also called <i>rabat</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> (<i>Samal</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sergeant">First Sergeant</a> (<i>Samal Rishon</i>)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Warrant Officers</a></b> (<i>Nagadim</i>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_First_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant First Class">Sergeant First Class</a> (<i>Rav Samal</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Sergeant">Master Sergeant</a> (<i>Rav Samal Rishon</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant Major">Sergeant Major</a> (<i>Rav Samal Mitkadem</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Warrant Officer</a> (<i>Rav Samal Bakhir</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Warrant Officer">Master Warrant Officer</a> (<i>Rav Nagad Mishneh</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Warrant Officer">Chief Warrant Officer</a> (<i>Rav Nagad</i>)</li></ul> <p><b>Academic officers</b> (<i>Ktzinim Akadema'im</i>) </p> <ul><li>Professional Academic Officer (<i>Katzin Miktzo'i Akadema'i</i>)</li> <li>Senior Academic Officer (<i>Katzin Akadema'i Bakhir</i>)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">Officers</a></b> (<i>Ktzinim</i>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> (<i>Segen Mishneh</i>) [1951–Present]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> (<i>Segen</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(OF-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (OF-2)">Captain</a> (<i>Seren</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> (<i>Rav Seren</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> (<i>Sgan Aluf</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> (<i>Aluf Mishneh</i>) [1950–Present]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> (<i>Tat Aluf</i>) [1968–Present]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Aluf" title="Aluf">Aluf</a></i>) [1948–Present]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> (<i>Rav Aluf</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idf-uniform-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Idf-uniform-en.png/220px-Idf-uniform-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Idf-uniform-en.png/330px-Idf-uniform-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Idf-uniform-en.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>IDF uniform colors</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg/220px-Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg/330px-Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg/440px-Israeli_Honor_Guards_stand_at_attention_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4701" data-file-height="3414" /></a><figcaption>IDF female Military Police wearing skirts with their white caps and belts</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spike_LR_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spike_LR_3.jpg/220px-Spike_LR_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spike_LR_3.jpg/330px-Spike_LR_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spike_LR_3.jpg/440px-Spike_LR_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Female IDF corporal with the <a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)" title="Spike (missile)">Spike missile</a> launcher, wearing the golden-olive Madei Alef uniform</figcaption></figure> <p>The Israel Defense Forces has several types of uniforms: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Service dress">Service dress</a> (מדי אלף <i>Madei Alef</i> – Uniform "A") – the everyday uniform, worn by everybody.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battledress" class="mw-redirect" title="Battledress">Field dress</a> (מדי ב <i>Madei Bet</i> – Uniform "B") – worn into combat, training, work on base.</li></ul> <p>The first two resemble each other but the Madei Alef is made of higher quality materials in a golden olive while the madei bet is in <a href="/wiki/Olive_drab" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive drab">olive drab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-historama.com_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historama.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dress uniforms may also exhibit a surface shine<sup id="cite_ref-historama.com_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historama.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Officers / Ceremonial dress (מדי שרד <i>madei srad</i>) – worn by officers, or during special events/ceremonies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Dress uniform">Dress uniform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Mess dress">mess dress</a> – worn only abroad. Several dress uniforms are depending on the season and the branch.</li></ul> <p>The service uniform for all ground forces personnel is <a href="/wiki/Olive_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive green">olive green</a>; navy and air force uniforms are <a href="/wiki/Beige" title="Beige">beige</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tan_(color)" title="Tan (color)">tan</a> (also once worn by the ground forces). The uniforms consist of a two-pocket shirt, <a href="/wiki/Combat_trousers" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat trousers">combat trousers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">sweater</a>, jacket or blouse, and shoes or boots. The navy also has an all-white dress uniform. The green fatigues are the same for winter and summer and heavy winter gear is issued as needed. Women's dress parallels the men's but may substitute a skirt for trousers and a blouse for a shirt. </p><p>Headgear included a service cap for dress and semi-dress and a <a href="/wiki/Field_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Field cap">field cap</a> or <a href="/wiki/Boonie_hat" title="Boonie hat">"Kova raful" bush hat</a> worn with fatigues. Many IDF personnel once wore the <a href="/wiki/Tembel_hat" title="Tembel hat">tembel</a> as a field hat. IDF personnel generally wear <a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">berets</a> instead of the service cap and there are many beret colours issued to IDF personnel. <a href="/wiki/Paratroopers_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers Brigade">Paratroopers</a> are issued a maroon beret, <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a> brown, <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati</a> purple, <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Brigade" title="Nahal Brigade">Nahal</a> lime green, <a href="/wiki/Kfir_Brigade" title="Kfir Brigade">Kfir</a> camouflage, Combat Engineers grey, navy blue for IDF Naval and dark grey for IDF Air Force personnel. </p><p>In combat uniforms, the <a href="/wiki/Orlite_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlite helmet">Orlite helmet</a> has replaced the British <a href="/wiki/Brodie_helmet" title="Brodie helmet">Brodie helmet Mark II/Mark III</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAC_helmet" title="RAC helmet">RAC Mk II modified helmet with chin web jump harness</a> (used by <a href="/wiki/Paratroopers_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers Brigade">paratroopers</a> and similar to the <a href="/wiki/Helmet_Steel_Airborne_Troop" title="Helmet Steel Airborne Troop">HSAT Mk II/Mk III paratrooper helmets</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US <a href="/wiki/M1_helmet" title="M1 helmet">M1 helmet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and French <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet" title="Modèle 1951 helmet">Modèle 1951 helmet</a> – previously worn by Israeli infantry and airborne troops from the late 1940s to the mid-1970s and early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some corps or units have small variations in their uniforms – for instance, <a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(Israel)" title="Military Police Corps (Israel)">military police</a> wear a white belt and <a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">police hat</a>, Naval personnel have dress whites for parades, paratroopers are issued a four pocket tunic (yarkit/yerkit) worn untucked with a pistol belt cinched tight around the waist over the shirt.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF Air Corps has a dress uniform consisting of a pale blue shirt with dark blue trousers. </p><p>Most IDF soldiers are issued black leather <a href="/wiki/Combat_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat boots">combat boots</a>, certain units issue <a href="/wiki/Russet_(color)" title="Russet (color)">reddish-brown</a> leather boots for historical reasons — the paratroopers,<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> combat medics, Nahal and Kfir Brigades, as well as some <a href="/wiki/Israeli_special_forces_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli special forces units">Special Forces units</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sayeret_Matkal" title="Sayeret Matkal">Sayeret Matkal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unit_Oketz" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit Oketz">Oketz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duvdevan_Unit" title="Duvdevan Unit">Duvdevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maglan" title="Maglan">Maglan</a>, and the Counter-Terror School). Women were also formerly issued <a href="/wiki/Sandal_(footwear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandal (footwear)">sandals</a>, but this practice has ceased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insignia">Insignia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_insignia" title="Israel Defense Forces insignia">Israel Defense Forces insignia</a></div> <p>IDF soldiers have three types of insignia (other than rank insignia) which identify their corps, specific unit, and position. A pin attached to the beret identifies a soldier's corps. Individual units are identified by a shoulder tag attached to the left <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_strap" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder strap">shoulder strap</a>. The position/job of a soldier can then be identified by an <a href="/wiki/Aiguillette" title="Aiguillette">aiguillette</a> attached to the left shoulder strap and shirt pocket, and a pin indicating the soldier's work type. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service_routes">Military service routes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_163rd_IAF_Flight_Course_Graduates_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>163rd IAF flight course graduates (2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>The military service is held in three different tracks: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">Regular service</a></b> (שירות חובה): mandatory military service which is held according to the Israeli security service law.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Permanent service</a></b> (שירות קבע): military service which is held as part of a contractual agreement between the IDF and the permanent position-holder.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reserve_duty_(Israel)" title="Reserve duty (Israel)">Reserve service</a></b> (שירות מילואים): a military service in which citizens are called for active duty of at most a month every year (in accordance with the Reserve Service Law), for training and ongoing military activities and especially to increase the military forces in case of a war.</li></ul> <p>Sometimes the IDF would also hold pre-military courses (קורס קדם צבאי or קד"צ) for soon-to-be regular service soldiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_service_routes">Special service routes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Israel Defense Forces">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Flight_School_Graduates_Receive_Their_New_Rankings_as_Air_Force_Officers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>IAF flight academy graduates receive their ranks as air force officers.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shoher" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoher">Shoher</a></b> (שוחר), a person enrolled in pre-military studies (high school, technical college up to engineering degree, some of the קד"ץ courses) – after completing the twelfth study year will do a two-month boot-camp and, if allowed, enter a program of education to qualify as a <a href="/wiki/Practical_engineer" title="Practical engineer">practical engineer</a>, with at least two weeks of training following each study year. Successful candidates will continue for an engineering <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor degree">bachelor degree</a>.</li> <li><b>Civilian working for the IDF</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אזרח עובד צה"ל</span>), a civilian working for the military.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Manpower_Directorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Manpower Directorate">Israeli Manpower Directorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אגף משאבי אנוש</span>) at the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff (Israel)">Israeli General Staff</a> is the body which coordinates and assembles activities related to the control over human resources and its placement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regular_service">Regular service</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Conscription in Israel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Trying_on_Uniforms_for_the_First_Time_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>IDF recruits trying on uniforms for the first time</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nahal-kumta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nahal-kumta.jpg/220px-Nahal-kumta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nahal-kumta.jpg/330px-Nahal-kumta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nahal-kumta.jpg/440px-Nahal-kumta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>IDF <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Brigade" title="Nahal Brigade">Nahal Brigade</a> soldiers on their regular service</figcaption></figure> <p>National military service is mandatory for all <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israeli</a> citizens over the age of 18, although <a href="/wiki/Arab-Israeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Israeli">Arab</a> (but not <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>) citizens are exempted if they so please, and other exceptions may be made on religious, physical or psychological grounds (see <a href="/wiki/Profile_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Profile 21">Profile 21</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Tal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Tal law">Tal law</a> exempted ultra-Orthodox Jews from service. In June 2024, <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's Supreme Court">Israel's Supreme Court</a> unanimously ruled that Haredi Jews were eligible for compulsory service, ending nearly eight decades of exemption.<sup id="cite_ref-APNews20240625_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNews20240625-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army began drafting Haredi men the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI20240718_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI20240718-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the draft of July 2015, men served three years in the IDF. Men drafted since July 2015 serve two years and eight months (32 months), with some roles requiring an additional four months of Permanent service. Women serve two years. The IDF women who volunteer for several combat positions often serve for three years, due to the longer period of training. Women in other positions, such as programmers, who also require lengthy training time, may also serve three years. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionist</a> men (and many <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox</a> who make <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a>) elect to do <a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a>, a five-year program envisioned by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Amital" title="Yehuda Amital">Yehuda Amital</a> which combines <a href="/wiki/Torah_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah learning">Torah learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some distinguished recruits are selected to be trained to eventually become members of <a href="/wiki/Sayeret" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayeret">special forces units</a>. Every brigade in the IDF has its special force branch. </p><p>Career soldiers are paid on average <a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">NIS</a> 23,000 a month, fifty times the NIS 460 paid to conscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998–2000, only about 9% of those who <a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Refusal to serve in the Israeli military">refused to serve in the Israeli military</a> were granted an exemption.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Permanent_service">Permanent service</h4></div> <p>Permanent service is designed for soldiers who choose to continue serving in the army after their regular service, for a short or long period, and in many cases making the military their career. Permanent service is based on a contractual agreement between the IDF and the permanent position holder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reserve_service">Reserve service</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reserve_duty_(Israel)" title="Reserve duty (Israel)">Reserve duty (Israel)</a></div> <p>After personnel complete their regular service, they are either granted permanent exemption from military service or assigned a position in the reserve forces. No distinction is made between the assignment of men and women to reserve service. </p><p>The IDF may call up reservists for: </p> <ul><li>reserve service of up to one month every three years, until the age of 40 (enlisted) or 45 (officers). Reservists may volunteer after this age, with the approval of the Manpower Directorate.</li> <li>immediate active duty in wartime.</li></ul> <p>All Israelis who served in the IDF and are under the age of 40, unless otherwise exempt, are eligible for reserve duty. Only those who completed at least 20 days of reserve duty within the past three years are considered active reservists.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-IDF_service">Non-IDF service</h3></div> <p>Other than the civil, i.e. non-military "National Service" (<i><a href="/wiki/Sherut_Leumi" title="Sherut Leumi">Sherut Leumi</a></i>), IDF conscripts may serve in bodies other than the IDF in several ways. </p><p>The combat option is <a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Israel Border Police</a> (<i>Magav</i> – the exact translation from Hebrew means "border guard") service, part of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a>. Some soldiers complete their IDF combat training and later undergo additional <a href="/wiki/Counter_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter terror">counter terror</a> and Border Police training. These are assigned to Border Police units. The Border Police units fight side by side with the regular IDF combat units though to a lower capacity. They are also responsible for security in heavy urban areas such as <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and security and crime fighting in rural areas. </p><p>Non-combat services include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandatrory_Police_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandatrory Police Service (page does not exist)">Mandatrory Police Service</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:שירות חובה במשטרה">he</a>]</span> (<i>Shaham</i>, שח"מ) program, where youth serve in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Police">Israeli Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Prison_Service" title="Israel Prison Service">Israel Prison Service</a>, or other wings of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Security_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Security Forces">Israeli Security Forces</a> instead of the regular army service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Women in the Israel Defense Forces">Women in the Israel Defense Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightshot3332214.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nightshot3332214.JPG/220px-Nightshot3332214.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nightshot3332214.JPG/330px-Nightshot3332214.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nightshot3332214.JPG/440px-Nightshot3332214.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="1074" /></a><figcaption>IDF Warrant Officers with the M16 and <a href="/wiki/IWI_X95" class="mw-redirect" title="IWI X95">IWI X95</a>; two common assault rifles of the IDF.</figcaption></figure> <p>Israel is one of only a few nations that conscript women or deploy them in combat roles, although in practice, women can avoid conscription through a religious exemption and over a third of Israeli women do so.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010, 88% of all roles in the IDF are open to female candidates, and women could be found in 69% of all IDF positions.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the IDF, 535 female Israeli soldiers were killed during service in the period 1962–2016,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dozens before then. The IDF says that fewer than 4 percent of women are in combat positions. Rather, they are concentrated in "combat-support" positions which command a lower compensation and status than combat positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Civilian pilot and aeronautical engineer Alice Miller successfully petitioned the High Court of Justice to take the Israeli Air Force pilot training exams, after being rejected on grounds of gender. Though president <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a>, a former IAF commander, told Miller that she would be better off staying home and darning socks, the court eventually ruled in 1996 that the IAF could not exclude qualified women from pilot training. Even though Miller would not pass the exams, the ruling was a watershed, opening doors for women in new IDF roles. Female legislators took advantage of the momentum to draft a bill allowing women to volunteer for any position if they could qualify.<sup id="cite_ref-feldinger_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feldinger-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, the Equality Amendment to the Military Service law stated that the right of women to serve in any role in the IDF is equal to the right of men.<sup id="cite_ref-mfaWomen_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mfaWomen-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women have served in the military since before the founding of the state of Israel in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-womenIDF_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-womenIDF-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women started to enter combat support and light combat roles in a few areas, including the Artillery Corps, infantry units and armoured divisions. A few platoons named Karakal were formed for men and women to serve together in light infantry. By 2000, Karakal became a <a href="/wiki/Caracal_Battalion" title="Caracal Battalion">full-fledged battalion</a>, with a second mixed-gender battalion, Lions of the Jordan (אריות הירדן, Arayot Ha-Yarden) formed in 2015. Many women also joined the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Border_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Border Police">Border Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-feldinger_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feldinger-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011, Maj. General <a href="/wiki/Orna_Barbivai" title="Orna Barbivai">Orna Barbivai</a> became the first female major general in the IDF, replacing the head of the directorate Maj. General Avi Zamir. Barbivai stated, "I am proud to be the first woman to become a major general and to be part of an organization in which equality is a central principle. Ninety percent of jobs in the IDF are open to women and I am sure that other women will continue to break down barriers."<sup id="cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Post_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yedioth_Ahronot_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yedioth_Ahronot-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the IDF announced they would, for the first time, allow a (MTF) transgender woman to serve in the army as a female soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elana Sztokman notes it would be "difficult to claim that women are equals in the IDF". "And tellingly, there is only one female general in the entire IDF," she adds.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, religious soldiers claimed they were promised they would not have to listen to women sing or lecture, but IAF Chief Rabbi Moshe Raved resigned because male religious soldiers were being required to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2015, three women IDF singers performed in one of the IDF's units. The performance was first disrupted by fifteen religious soldiers, who left in protest and then the Master Sergeant forced the women to end the performance because it was disturbing the religious soldiers. An IDF spokesperson announced an investigation of the incident: "We are aware of the incident and already begun examining it. The exclusion of women is not consistent with the values of the IDF."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a> has also arranged for women to be excluded from recruitment centres catering to religious males.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the IDF recruits more religious soldiers, the rights of male religious soldiers and women in the IDF come into conflict. Brig. Gen. Zeev Lehrer, who served on the chief of staff's panel of the integration of women, noted "There is a clear process of 'religionization' in the army, and the story of the women is a central piece of it. There are very strong pressures at work to halt the process of integrating women into the army, and they are coming from the direction of religion."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">Sex segregation</a> is allowed in the IDF, which reached what it considers a "new milestone" in 2006, creating the first company of soldiers segregated in an all-female unit, the Nachshol (Hebrew for "giant wave") Reconnaissance Company. "We are the only unit in the world made up entirely of female combat soldiers," said Nachshol Company Commander Cpt. Dana Ben-Ezra. "Our effectiveness and the dividends we earn are the factors by which we are measured, not our gender."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the rise of social media platforms such as <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, some critics claim that women in the IDF are frequently used as tools of propaganda, with official military accounts frequently posting attractive young women to create a sympathetic social media presence.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minorities_in_the_IDF">Minorities in the IDF</h3></div> <p>Non-Jewish minorities tended to serve in one of several special units: the <a href="/wiki/Sword_Battalion" title="Sword Battalion">Sword Battalion</a>, also known as Unit 300 or the Minorities Unit, until it was disbanded in 2015;<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Druze Reconnaissance Unit; and the Trackers Unit, composed mostly of <a href="/wiki/Negev_Bedouins" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev Bedouins">Negev Bedouins</a>. In 1982, the IDF general staff decided to integrate the armed forces by opening up other units to minorities, while placing some Jewish conscripts in the Minorities Unit. Until 1988, the Intelligence Corps and the Air Force remained closed to minorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Druze_and_Circassians">Druze and Circassians</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DruzeSoldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/DruzeSoldier.jpg/220px-DruzeSoldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/DruzeSoldier.jpg/330px-DruzeSoldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/DruzeSoldier.jpg/440px-DruzeSoldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> commander of the IDF Herev battalion</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Israel has a majority of Jewish soldiers, all citizens including large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Israel" title="Circassians in Israel">Circassian</a> men are subject to mandatory conscription.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, they served in the framework of a special unit called "The Minorities' Unit", which operated until 2015 in the form of the independent Herev Gdud <a href="/wiki/IDF_Sword_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF Sword Battalion">("Sword") battalion</a>. However, since the 1980s Druze soldiers have increasingly protested this practice, which they considered a means of segregating them and denying them access to elite units (like <a href="/wiki/Sayeret" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayeret">sayeret</a> units). The army has increasingly admitted Druze soldiers to regular combat units and promoted them to higher ranks from which they had been previously excluded. </p><p>In 2015, Rav Aluf <a href="/wiki/Gadi_Eizenkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadi Eizenkot">Gadi Eizenkot</a> ordered the unit's closure to assimilate the Druze soldiers no differently than Jewish soldiers, as part of an ongoing reorganization of the army. Several Druze officers reached ranks as high as Major General, and many received commendations for distinguished service. In proportion to their numbers, the Druze people achieve much higher—documented—levels in the Israeli army than other soldiers. Nevertheless, some Druze still charge that discrimination continues, such as exclusion from the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Air Force">Air Force</a>, although the official low-security classification for Druze has been abolished for some time. The first Druze aircraft navigator completed his training course in 2005. Like all Air Force pilots, his identity is not disclosed. During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, many Druze who had initially sided with the Arabs deserted their ranks to either return to their villages or side with Israel in various capacities.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 1970s, the Druze Initiative Committee, centred at the village of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Jan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Jan">Beit Jan</a> and linked to <a href="/wiki/Maki_(political_party)" title="Maki (political party)">Maki</a>, has campaigned to abolish Druze conscription. </p><p>Military service is a tradition among some of the Druze population, with most opposition in Druze communities of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>. 83 per cent of Druze boys serve in the army, according to the IDF's statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Israeli army in 2010, 369 Druze soldiers had been killed in combat operations since 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bedouins_and_Israeli_Arabs">Bedouins and Israeli Arabs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg/220px-Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg/330px-Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg/440px-Bedouin_IDF1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption>Bedouin soldiers in 1949</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg/220px-Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg/330px-Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg/440px-Israeli_soldiers_and_Arabs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Israeli Arab soldiers, serving in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> in 1978</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Bedouin_Soldier_with_Schoolchild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="1294" /></a><figcaption>Bedouin Desert Reconnaissance Battalion, visiting an Arab school</figcaption></figure> <p>By law, all Israeli citizens are subject to conscription. The Defense Minister has complete discretion to grant exemption to individual citizens or classes of citizens. A long-standing policy dating to Israel's early years extends an exemption to all other Israeli minorities (most notably <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Arab">Israeli Arabs</a>). However, there is a long-standing government policy of encouraging <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a> to volunteer and of offering them various inducements, and in some impoverished Bedouin communities a military career seems one of the few means of (relative) social mobility available. Also, Muslims and Christians are accepted as volunteers, even if older than 18.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From among non-Bedouin Arab citizens, the number of volunteers for military service—some <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians_and_Arabic-speaking_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christians and Arabic-speaking Christians">Christian Arabs</a> and even a few Muslim Arabs—is minute, and the government makes no special effort to increase it. Six Israeli Arabs have received orders of distinction as a result of their military service; of them the most famous is a Bedouin officer, Lieutenant Colonel Abd el-Majid Hidr (also known as <a href="/wiki/Amos_Yarkoni" title="Amos Yarkoni">Amos Yarkoni</a>), who received the Order of Distinction. Vahid el Huzil was the first Bedouin to be a battalion commander.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the second term of <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> as Prime Minister (1992–1995), social benefits given to families in which at least one member (including a grandfather, uncle, or cousin) had served at some time in the armed forces were significantly higher than to "non-military" families, which was considered a means of blatant discrimination between Jews and Arabs. Rabin led the abolition of the measure, in the teeth of strong opposition from the Right. At present, the only official advantage of military service is the attaining of security clearance and serving in some types of government positions (in most cases, security-related), as well as some indirect benefits. </p><p>Rather than perform army service, Israeli Arab youths have the option to volunteer to <a href="/wiki/Sherut_Leumi" title="Sherut Leumi">national service</a> and receive benefits similar to those received by discharged soldiers. The volunteers are generally allocated to Arab populations, where they assist with social and community matters. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 1,473 Arabs were volunteering for national service. According to sources in the national service administration, Arab leaders are counselling youths to refrain from performing services to the state. According to a National Service official, "For years the Arab leadership has demanded, justifiably, benefits for Arab youths similar to those received by discharged soldiers. Now, when this opportunity is available, it is precisely these leaders who reject the state's call to come and do the service, and receive these benefits."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Arabs are not obliged to serve in the IDF, any Arab can volunteer. In 2008, a Muslim Arab woman was serving as a medic with unit 669.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cpl. <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Joseph" title="Elinor Joseph">Elinor Joseph</a> from <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> became the first female Arab combat soldier for IDF.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Arab-Muslim officers who have served in the IDF are <a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> Hisham Abu Varia<sup id="cite_ref-ynetFirsftOff_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynetFirsftOff-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> Ala Wahib, the highest ranking Muslim officer in the IDF in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, the IDF promoted Mona Abdo to become the first female Christian Arab to the rank of combat commander. Abdo had voluntarily enlisted in the IDF, which her family had encouraged, and transferred from the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Corps_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Corps (Israel)">Ordnance Corps</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Caracal_Battalion" title="Caracal Battalion">Caracal Battalion</a>, a mixed-gender unit with both Jewish and Arab soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, an increase in Israeli Christian Arabs joining the army was reported.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falasha_makstyle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Falasha_makstyle.jpg/150px-Falasha_makstyle.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Falasha_makstyle.jpg/225px-Falasha_makstyle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Falasha_makstyle.jpg/300px-Falasha_makstyle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Ethiopian-Jewish</a> soldier</figcaption></figure> <p>Muslim Arabs have also been drafted into the Israel Defense Forces in increasing numbers in recent years. In 2020, 606 Muslim Arabs were drafted, compared to 489 in 2019 and 436 in 2018. More than half of those who have drafted have gone into combat roles.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greenger1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenger1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-motchan1_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motchan1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopian_Jews">Ethiopian Jews</h3></div> <p>The IDF carried out extended missions in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and neighbouring states, whose purpose was to protect <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Jews">Ethiopian Jews</a> (Beta Israel) and to help their immigration to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF adopted policies and special activities for the absorption and integration of Ethiopian immigrant soldiers, reported to have much improved the achievements and integration of those soldiers in the army, and Israeli society in general.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statistical research showed that the Ethiopian soldiers are esteemed as excellent soldiers and many aspire to be recruited to combat units.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haredim">Haredim</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NetzahYehudafield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NetzahYehudafield.jpg/220px-NetzahYehudafield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NetzahYehudafield.jpg/330px-NetzahYehudafield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NetzahYehudafield.jpg/440px-NetzahYehudafield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>IDF soldiers of the religious <a href="/wiki/Netzah_Yehuda_Battalion" title="Netzah Yehuda Battalion">97th "Netzah Yehuda" Infantry Battalion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under a special arrangement called <a href="/wiki/Torato_Umanuto" title="Torato Umanuto">Torato Umanuto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> men could choose to defer service while enrolled in <i><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivot</a></i> and many avoided conscription altogether. This has given rise <a href="/wiki/Religious_relations_in_Israel" title="Religious relations in Israel">to tensions</a> between the Israeli religious and secular communities. In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> unanimously ruled that Haredi men were eligible for compulsory service and the army began drafting them.<sup id="cite_ref-APNews20240625_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNews20240625-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TOI20240718_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI20240718-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haredi males have the option of serving in the <a href="/wiki/Netzah_Yehuda_Battalion" title="Netzah Yehuda Battalion">97th "Netzah Yehuda" Infantry Battalion</a>. This unit is a standard IDF infantry battalion focused on the <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> region. To facilitate Haredi soldiers to serve, the Netzah Yehuda military bases follow the standards of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dietary_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish dietary laws">Jewish dietary laws</a>. The only women permitted on these bases were wives of soldiers and officers. Some Haredim serve in the IDF via the <a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a> system, principally designed for the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionist</a> sector. It is a 5-year program which includes 2 years of religious studies, 1½ years of military service and 1½ years of religious studies during which the soldiers can be recalled to active duty at any moment. Haredi soldiers may join other units of the IDF but rarely do. Although the IDF claims it will not discriminate against women, it is offering Haredim "<a href="/wiki/Gender_apartheid#Judaism" title="Gender apartheid">women free</a> and secular free" recruitment centres. Defense Minister Moshe Ya'alon expressed his willingness to relax regulations to meet the demands of ultra-Orthodox rabbis. Regulations regarding <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> had already been relaxed so that Haredim could be assured that men would not receive physical exams from female medical staff.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_people">LGBT people</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service#Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">Sexual orientation and military service § Israel</a></div> <p>Since the early 1990s, sexual identity has presented no formal barrier in terms of soldiers' military specialization or eligibility for promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-eichner_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eichner-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1980s, the IDF tended to discharge soldiers who were openly gay. In 1983, the IDF permitted homosexuals to serve but banned them from intelligence and top-secret positions. A decade later, professor Uzi Even,<sup id="cite_ref-barbara_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barbara-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an IDF reserves officer and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>'s Chemistry Department, revealed that his rank had been revoked and that he had been barred from researching sensitive topics in military intelligence, solely because of his sexual orientation. His testimony to the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> in 1993 raised a political storm, forcing the IDF to remove such restrictions against gays.<sup id="cite_ref-eichner_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eichner-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chief of staff's policy states that it is strictly forbidden to harm or hurt anyone's dignity or feeling based on their gender or sexual orientation in any way, including signs, slogans, pictures, poems, lectures, any means of guidance, propaganda, publishing, voicing, and utterance. Moreover, gays in the IDF have additional rights, such as the right to take a shower alone if they want to. According to a <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> study,<sup id="cite_ref-barbara_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barbara-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brigadier general stated that Israelis show a "great tolerance" for gay soldiers. Consul <a href="/wiki/David_Saranga" title="David Saranga">David Saranga</a> at the Israeli Consulate in New York, who was interviewed by the <i>St. Petersburg Times</i>, said, "It's a non-issue. You can be a very good officer, a creative one, a brave one, and be gay at the same time."<sup id="cite_ref-eichner_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eichner-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study published by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Gay_Youth" title="Israel Gay Youth">Israel Gay Youth</a> (IGY) Movement in January 2012 found that half of the homosexual soldiers who serve in the IDF suffer from violence and homophobia, although the head of the group said "I am happy to say that the intention among the top brass is to change that."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deaf_and_hard-of-hearing_people">Deaf and hard-of-hearing people</h3></div> <p>Israel is the only country in the world that requires deaf and hard-of-hearing people to serve in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sign language interpreters are provided during training, and many of them serve in non-combat capacities such as mapping and office work. The major language spoken by the deaf and hard-of-hearing in Israel is <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli Sign Language</a> (also called Shassi)–a language related to <a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German Sign Language</a> but not Hebrew or any other local language–though Israel and Palestine are home to numerous sign languages spoken by various populations like Bedouins' <a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegans">Vegans</h3></div> <p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Care2" title="Care2">Care2</a> report, vegans in the IDF may refuse vaccination if they oppose animal testing.<sup id="cite_ref-C2-20121103_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-20121103-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are given artificial leather boots and a black fleece beret.<sup id="cite_ref-toi-vegans_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toi-vegans-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2014, vegan soldiers in the IDF received special allowances to buy their own food, when this policy was replaced with vegan food being provided in all bases, as well as vegan combat rations being offered to vegan combat soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_volunteers">Overseas volunteers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Israel Defense Forces">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Non-immigrating foreign volunteers typically serve with the IDF in one of five ways: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Mahal_(Israel)" title="Mahal (Israel)">Mahal</a> program targets young non-Israeli Jews or Israeli citizens who grew up abroad (men younger than 24 and women younger than 21). The program consists typically of 18 months of IDF service, including a lengthy training for those in combat units or (for 18 months) one month of non-combat training and an additional two months of learning <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> after enlisting, if necessary. There are two additional subcategories of Mahal, both geared solely for religious men: Mahal <a href="/wiki/Netzah_Yehuda_Battalion" title="Netzah Yehuda Battalion">Nahal Haredi</a> (18 months), and Mahal <a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a>, which combines yeshiva study of 5 months with IDF service of 16 months, for a total of 21 months. Similar IDF programs exist for Israeli overseas residents. To be accepted as a Mahal Volunteer, one must be of Jewish descent (at least one Jewish grandparent).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar-El" title="Sar-El">Sar-El</a>, an organization subordinate to the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Logistics_Corps" title="Logistics Corps">Logistics Corps</a>, provides a volunteer program for non-Israeli citizens who are 17 years or older (or 15 if accompanied by a parent). The program is also aimed at Israeli citizens, aged 30 years or older, living abroad who did not serve in the Israeli Army and who now wish to finalize their status with the military. The program usually consists of three weeks of volunteer service on different rear army bases, doing non-combative work.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garin_Tzabar" title="Garin Tzabar">Garin Tzabar</a> offers a program mainly for Israelis who emigrated with their parents to the United States at a young age. Although a basic knowledge of the Hebrew language is not mandatory, it is helpful. Of all the programs listed, only Garin Tzabar requires full-length service in the IDF. The program is set up in stages: first, the participants go through five seminars in their country of origin, then have an absorption period in Israel at a <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a>. Each delegation is adopted by a kibbutz in Israel and has living quarters designated for it. The delegation shares responsibilities in the kibbutz when on military leave. Participants start the program three months before being enlisted in the army at the beginning of August.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marva" title="Marva">Marva</a> is short-term basic training for two months.</li> <li>Lev LaChayal is a program based at <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Lev_Hatorah" title="Yeshivat Lev Hatorah">Yeshivat Lev Hatorah</a> which takes a holistic approach to preparation for service. Being as ready as possible to integrate into Israeli culture, handling the physical challenges of the military, and maintaining religious values require a multi-pronged approach. The beit midrash learning, classes, physical training, and even recreational activities are designed to allow for maximum readiness.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctrine">Doctrine</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IDF_Code_of_Ethics">IDF Code of Ethics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IDF_Code_of_Ethics" title="IDF Code of Ethics">IDF Code of Ethics</a></div> <p>In 1992, the IDF drafted a Code of Conduct that combines international law, Israeli law, Jewish heritage and the IDF's traditional ethical code—the <a href="/wiki/IDF_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF Spirit">IDF Spirit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">רוח צה"ל</span>, <i>Ru'ah Tzahal</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-idf-spirit_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idf-spirit-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The document defines four core values for all IDF soldiers to follow, including "defense of the state, its citizens and its residents", "love of the homeland and loyalty to the country", "human dignity" and "stateliness, as well as ten secondary values.<sup id="cite_ref-idf-spirit_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idf-spirit-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The Spirit of the IDF" (cf. supra) is still considered the only binding moral code that formally applies to the IDF troops. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Amos_Yadlin" title="Amos Yadlin">Amos Yadlin</a> (then head of <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Intelligence">Military Intelligence</a>) suggested that the article he co-authored with <a href="/wiki/Asa_Kasher" title="Asa Kasher">Asa Kasher</a> be ratified as a formal binding code, arguing that "the current code ['The Spirit of the IDF'] does not sufficiently address one of the army's most pressing challenges: <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a> against terrorist organizations that operate amid a civilian population".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Details of the IDF's <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">rules of engagement</a> remain classified.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-rabin-24_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-rabin-24-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Targeted_killing">Targeted killing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing_by_Israel" title="Targeted killing by Israel">Targeted killing by Israel</a></div> <p>Targeted killing, targeted prevention<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or assassination<sup id="cite_ref-Gross_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a tactic that has been repeatedly used by the IDF and other Israeli organisations in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> or other conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-Gross_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Asa_Kasher" title="Asa Kasher">Asa Kasher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amos_Yadlin" title="Amos Yadlin">Amos Yadlin</a> co-authored a noticed article published in the <i>Journal of Military Ethics</i> under the title: "Military Ethics of Fighting Terror: An Israeli Perspective". The article was meant as an "extension of the classical Just War Theory", and as a "[needed] third model" or missing paradigm besides which of "classical war (army) and law enforcement (police).", resulting in a "doctrine (...) on the background of the IDF fight against acts and activities of terror performed by Palestinian individuals and organizations."<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this article, Kasher and Yadlin concluded that <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">targeted killings</a> of terrorists were justifiable, even at the cost of hitting nearby civilians. In a 2009 interview to <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, Asa Kasher later confirmed, pointing to the fact that in an area in which the IDF does not have effective security control (e.g., Gaza, vs. East-Jerusalem), soldiers' lives protection takes priority over avoiding injury to enemy civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, along with <a href="/wiki/Avishai_Margalit" title="Avishai Margalit">Avishai Margalit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Michael Walzer</a>, have disputed this argument, arguing that such a position was "contrary to centuries of theorizing about the morality of war as well as international humanitarian law",<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since drawing "a sharp line between combatants and noncombatants" would be "the only morally relevant distinction that all those involved in a war can agree on."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hannibal_Directive">Hannibal Directive</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Directive" title="Hannibal Directive">Hannibal Directive</a></div> <p>The Hannibal Directive is a controversial procedure that the IDF has used to prevent the capture of Israeli soldiers by enemy forces. It was introduced in 1986, after some abductions of IDF soldiers in Lebanon and the subsequent controversial prisoner exchanges. The full text of the directive has never been published and until 2003 <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Israel" title="Censorship in Israel">Israeli military censorship</a> even forbade any discussion of the subject in the press. The directive has been changed several times. At one time the formulation was that "the kidnapping must be stopped by all means, even at the price of striking and harming our own forces."<sup id="cite_ref-Weiz_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiz-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hannibal directive has, at times, apparently existed in two different versions, one top-secret written version, accessible only to the upper echelon of the IDF, and one "oral law" version for division commanders and lower levels. In the latter versions, "by all means" was often interpreted literally, as in "an IDF soldier was better dead than abducted". In 2011, IDF Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a> stated the directive does not permit the killing of IDF soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dahiya_doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a></div> <p>The Dahiya doctrine<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a military strategy of <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a>, outlined by former IDF Chief of General Staff <a href="/wiki/Gadi_Eizenkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadi Eizenkot">Gadi Eizenkot</a>, which encompasses the use of aerial and artillery fire against civilian infrastructure used by terrorist organizations<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and endorses the employment of "disproportionate power" to secure that end.<sup id="cite_ref-harelEisenkot_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harelEisenkot-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FinallyRealizes_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinallyRealizes-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The doctrine is named after the <a href="/wiki/Dahieh" title="Dahieh">Dahieh</a> neighborhood of Beirut, where <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> was headquartered during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>, which were heavily damaged by the IDF.<sup id="cite_ref-Byman_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Byman-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During 1950–66, Israel spent an average of 9% of its GDP on defense. Defence expenditures increased dramatically after both the 1967 and 1973 wars. They reached a high of about 30% of GDP in 1975, but have since come down significantly, following the signing of peace agreements with Jordan and Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009, Defense Minister Ehud Barak, Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Yuval_Steinitz" title="Yuval Steinitz">Yuval Steinitz</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> endorsed an additional NIS 1.5 billion for the defense budget to help Israel address problems regarding Iran. The budget changes came two months after Israel had approved its two-year budget. The defence budget in 2009 stood at NIS 48.6 billion and NIS 53.2 billion for 2010 – the highest amount in Israel's history. The figure constituted 6.3% of expected gross domestic product and 15.1% of the overall budget, even before the planned NIS 1.5 billion addition.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz.com_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> reversed course and moved to make significant cuts in the defence budget to pay for social programs.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The General Staff concluded that the proposed cuts endangered the battle readiness of the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Israel spent $15.2 billion on its armed forces, one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP among developed countries ($1,900 per person). However, Israel's spending per capita is below that of the US.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment_and_weaponry">Equipment and weaponry</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_equipment_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Military equipment of Israel">Military equipment of Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Israel" title="Defense industry of Israel">Defense industry of Israel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_equipment">Military equipment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg/220px-IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg/330px-IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg/440px-IAF-F-35I-and-F-16I-nf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6173" data-file-height="4095" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-16I" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16I">F-16I</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-35I" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35I">F-35I</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg/220px-Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg/330px-Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg/440px-Merkava-Tanks-Wikipedia-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> ('Chariot') – Israeli main battle tank, with 4 generations</figcaption></figure> <p>The IDF possesses various foreign and domestically produced weapons and computer systems. Some gear comes from the US (with some equipment modified for IDF use) such as the <a href="/wiki/M4A1" class="mw-redirect" title="M4A1">M4A1</a> and <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M24_SWS" class="mw-redirect" title="M24 SWS">M24 SWS</a> 7.62 mm <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt action</a> <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/SR-25" title="SR-25">SR-25</a> 7.62 mm semi-automatic sniper rifle, the <a href="/wiki/F-15_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> <a href="/wiki/Warplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Warplane">fighter jets</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/AH-1_Cobra" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-1 Cobra">AH-1 Cobra</a> and <a href="/wiki/AH-64D_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64D Apache">AH-64D Apache</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">attack helicopters</a>. Israel has also developed its own independent weapons industry, which has developed weapons and vehicles such as the <a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> battle tank series, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Nesher" title="IAI Nesher">Nesher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kfir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kfir">Kfir</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a>, and various small arms such as the <a href="/wiki/IMI_Galil" title="IMI Galil">Galil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tavor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavor">Tavor</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a> <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a>. Israel has also installed a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Samson_RCWS" class="mw-redirect" title="Samson RCWS">Samson RCWS</a>, a remote controlled weapons platform, which can include machine guns, grenade launchers, and anti-tank missiles on a remotely operated turret, in <a href="/wiki/Bunker#Pillbox" title="Bunker">pillboxes</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Gaza–Israel barrier">Gaza–Israel barrier</a> intended to prevent <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_militant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian militant">Palestinian militants</a> from entering its territory.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel has developed observation <a href="/wiki/Military_ballooning" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ballooning">balloons</a> equipped with sophisticated cameras and surveillance systems used to thwart terror attacks from Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF also possesses advanced <a href="/wiki/Combat_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat engineering">combat engineering</a> equipment which includes the <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_bulldozer" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured bulldozer">armoured bulldozer</a>, <a href="/wiki/IDF_Puma" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF Puma">IDF Puma</a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_engineering_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat engineering vehicle">CEV</a>, Tzefa Shiryon and CARPET minefield breaching rockets, and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robots</a> and explosive devices. </p><p>The IDF has several large internal <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> departments, and it purchases many technologies produced by the Israeli security industries including <a href="/wiki/Israel_Aircraft_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Aircraft Industries">IAI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Military Industries">IMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Systems" title="Elbit Systems">Elbit Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael</a>, and dozens of smaller firms. Many of these developments have been battle-tested in Israel's numerous military engagements, making the relationship mutually beneficial, the IDF getting tailor-made solutions and the industries a good reputation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In response to the price overruns on the US <a href="/wiki/Littoral_Combat_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral Combat Ship">Littoral Combat Ship</a> program, Israel is considering producing their own <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a>, which would take a decade<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and depend on diverting US financing to the project.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_developments">Main developments</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Lahav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/INS_Lahav.jpg/220px-INS_Lahav.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/INS_Lahav.jpg/330px-INS_Lahav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/INS_Lahav.jpg/440px-INS_Lahav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_5-class_corvette" title="Sa'ar 5-class corvette">Sa'ar 5-class corvette</a> INS <i>Lahav</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg/220px-IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg/330px-IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg/440px-IDF-Ground-Forces-AFVs-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>IDF's current (2017) <a href="/wiki/Armored_fighting_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored fighting vehicle">armored fighting vehicles</a>, clockwise: <a href="/wiki/IDF_Namer" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF Namer">IDF Namer</a>, <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a>, <a href="/wiki/M270_MLRS" class="mw-redirect" title="M270 MLRS">M270 MLRS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava Mk 4M</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Israel's military technology is famous for its firearms,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured fighting vehicles">armoured fighting vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>, tank-converted <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a> (APCs), <a href="/wiki/Armoured_bulldozer" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured bulldozer">armoured bulldozers</a>, etc.),<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rocketry (missiles and rockets).<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel also has manufactured aircraft including the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Kfir" title="IAI Kfir">Kfir</a> (reserve), <a href="/wiki/IAI_Lavi" title="IAI Lavi">IAI Lavi</a> (cancelled), and the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Phalcon" class="mw-redirect" title="IAI Phalcon">IAI Phalcon</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne early warning">Airborne early warning</a> <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">System</a>, and naval systems (patrol and missile ships). Much of the IDF's electronic systems (intelligence, communication, command and control, navigation etc.) are Israeli-developed, including many systems installed on foreign platforms (esp. aircraft, tanks and submarines), as are many of its <a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_munition" title="Precision-guided munition">precision-guided munitions</a>. Israel is the world's largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Military Industries">Israel Military Industries</a> (IMI), as well as its former subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Israel_Weapon_Industries" title="Israel Weapon Industries">Israel Weapon Industries</a>, are known for their firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/IMI_Galil" title="IMI Galil">IMI Galil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IMI_Negev" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Negev">IMI Negev</a> light machine gun and the new <a href="/wiki/Tavor_TAR-21" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavor TAR-21">Tavor TAR-21</a> Bullpup assault rifle are used by the IDF. The <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems" title="Rafael Advanced Defense Systems">Rafael Advanced Defense Systems</a> <a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)" title="Spike (missile)">Spike missile</a> is one of the most widely exported <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank missile">ATGMs</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel's <a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow</a> anti-ballistic missile system, jointly funded and produced by Israel and the United States, has successfully conducted combat intercepts of incoming ballistic missile attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome">Iron Dome</a> system against short-range <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a> is operational and proved to be successful, intercepting hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam</a>, <a href="/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">122 mm Grad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fajr-5" title="Fajr-5">Fajr-5</a> artillery <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">rockets fire by Palestinian militants</a> from the Gaza Strip.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tory_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tory-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David%27s_Sling" title="David's Sling">David's Sling</a>, an anti-missile system designed to counter <a href="/wiki/Medium-range_ballistic_missile" title="Medium-range ballistic missile">medium range rockets</a>, became operational in 2017. Israel has also worked with the US on the development of a tactical high energy <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> system against medium-range rockets (called Nautilus or <a href="/wiki/THEL" class="mw-redirect" title="THEL">THEL</a>). <a href="/wiki/Iron_Beam" title="Iron Beam">Iron Beam</a> is a short-range laser beam air defence system, created to eliminate rockets, artillery, and mortar bombs. With a range of several kilometres, it complements the Iron Dome system, which is specifically designed for intercepting missiles launched from greater distances.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel has the independent capability of launching <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconnaissance satellites">reconnaissance satellites</a> into orbit, a capability shared with Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, South Korea, Italy, Germany, the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, Brazil and Ukraine. Israeli security industries developed both the satellites (<a href="/wiki/Ofeq" title="Ofeq">Ofeq</a>) and the launchers (<a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel is known to have developed <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" title="Nuclear weapons and Israel">nuclear weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fas-nuke_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas-nuke-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel <a href="/wiki/Policy_of_deliberate_ambiguity" title="Policy of deliberate ambiguity">does not officially acknowledge</a> its nuclear weapons program. It is thought Israel possesses between one hundred and four hundred nuclear warheads.<sup id="cite_ref-fas-nuke_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas-nuke-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that <a href="/wiki/Jericho_(missile)" title="Jericho (missile)">Jericho intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> are capable of delivering nuclear warheads with a superior degree of accuracy and a range of 11,500 km.<sup id="cite_ref-cns.miis.edu_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cns.miis.edu-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli <a href="/wiki/F-15I" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15I">F-15I</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a> fighter-bomber aircraft also have been cited as possible nuclear delivery systems (these aircraft types are nuclear capable in the <a href="/wiki/US_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="US Air Force">US Air Force</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OTA-ISC-559_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OTA-ISC-559-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-15E" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15E">F-15E</a> has <a href="/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon" title="Tactical nuclear weapon">tactical nuclear weapon</a> (B61 and B83 bombs) capability.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been asserted that <a href="/wiki/Dolphin-class_submarine" title="Dolphin-class submarine">Dolphin-class submarines</a> have been adapted to carry <a href="/wiki/Popeye_Turbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Popeye Turbo">Popeye Turbo</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_cruise_missile" title="Submarine-launched cruise missile">Submarine-launched cruise missiles</a> with nuclear warheads, so as to give Israel a <a href="/wiki/Second_strike" title="Second strike">second strike</a> capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2006, Israel deployed the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Armoured_Vehicle" title="Wolf Armoured Vehicle">Wolf Armoured Vehicle</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APC</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> and to protect <a href="/wiki/VIP" class="mw-redirect" title="VIP">VIPs</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 105px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M4A1_ACOG.png" class="mw-file-description" title="M4A1 carbine"><img alt="M4A1 carbine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/M4A1_ACOG.png/150px-M4A1_ACOG.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/M4A1_ACOG.png/225px-M4A1_ACOG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/M4A1_ACOG.png/300px-M4A1_ACOG.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4A1 carbine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 105px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tavor X95 flattop 380"><img alt="Tavor X95 flattop 380" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg/121px-IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg/183px-IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg/243px-IDF_Tavor_X95_Flattop_-_Zachi_Evenor_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5104" data-file-height="3159" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tavor_X95" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavor X95">Tavor X95</a> flattop 380</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 105px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IWI Negev LMG"><img alt="IWI Negev LMG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg/150px-IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg/225px-IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg/300px-IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5468" data-file-height="2274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IWI_Negev" title="IWI Negev">IWI Negev</a> LMG</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 105px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M24 Sniper Weapon System (2018)"><img alt="M24 Sniper Weapon System (2018)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/150px-IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/225px-IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/300px-IDF-M24-SWS-2018-Zachi-Evenor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5764" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M24_Sniper_Weapon_System" class="mw-redirect" title="M24 Sniper Weapon System">M24 Sniper Weapon System</a> (2018)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 105px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M2HQCB 0.5"><img alt="M2HQCB 0.5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg/150px-PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg/225px-PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg/300px-PEO_M2E2-QCB_HMG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="1620" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2HQCB</a> 0.5</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat"><img alt="Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG/120px-%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG/180px-%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG/240px-%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8_4.5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_4.5-class_missile_boat" title="Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat">Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermes 900 UAV"><img alt="Hermes 900 UAV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG/120px-Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG/180px-Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG/240px-Elbit_Hermes_900s.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_900" title="Elbit Hermes 900">Hermes 900</a> <a href="/wiki/UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UAV">UAV</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_(59).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soldier armed with the IWI Tavor assault rifle"><img alt="Soldier armed with the IWI Tavor assault rifle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg/180px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg/240px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Becoming_A_Soldier_of_the_Caracal_Battalion_%2859%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soldier armed with the <a href="/wiki/IWI_Tavor" title="IWI Tavor">IWI Tavor assault rifle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPIKE_ATGM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spike ATGM"><img alt="Spike ATGM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/120px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/180px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SPIKE_ATGM.jpg/240px-SPIKE_ATGM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)" title="Spike (missile)">Spike</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">ATGM</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arrow anti-ballistic missile"><img alt="Arrow anti-ballistic missile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg/96px-Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg/144px-Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg/192px-Arrow_anti-ballistic_missile_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_(Israeli_missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow (Israeli missile)">Arrow</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ballistic missile</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeev-jeep002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolf Armoured Vehicle"><img alt="Wolf Armoured Vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Zeev-jeep002.jpg/120px-Zeev-jeep002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Zeev-jeep002.jpg/180px-Zeev-jeep002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Zeev-jeep002.jpg/240px-Zeev-jeep002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="2184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Armoured_Vehicle" title="Wolf Armoured Vehicle">Wolf Armoured Vehicle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulfstream_5_(2669062652).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Israel Aerospace Industries EL/W-2085, a development of the EL/M-2075"><img alt="Israel Aerospace Industries EL/W-2085, a development of the EL/M-2075" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg/120px-Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg/180px-Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg/240px-Gulfstream_5_%282669062652%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a> <a href="/wiki/EL/W-2085" title="EL/W-2085">EL/W-2085</a>, a development of the <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">EL/M-2075</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ah-64d.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Saraph" AH-64D Apache Longbow"><img alt=""Saraph" AH-64D Apache Longbow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ah-64d.jpg/120px-Ah-64d.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ah-64d.jpg/180px-Ah-64d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ah-64d.jpg/240px-Ah-64d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Saraph" <a href="/wiki/AH-64D_Apache_Longbow" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64D Apache Longbow">AH-64D Apache Longbow</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer"><img alt="IDF Caterpillar D9 armored bulldozer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg/120px-D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg/180px-D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg/240px-D9-IDF-2018-Zachi-Evenor-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4436" data-file-height="3423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armored_bulldozer" title="Armored bulldozer">armored bulldozer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls,_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iron Dome anti-rocket system launcher"><img alt="Iron Dome anti-rocket system launcher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg/95px-Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg/143px-Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg/191px-Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._XVIII.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Iron_Dome" title="Iron Dome">Iron Dome</a> anti-rocket system launcher</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Typhoon25mm001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typhoon Weapon Station armed with 25 mm gun"><img alt="Typhoon Weapon Station armed with 25 mm gun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Typhoon25mm001.jpg/120px-Typhoon25mm001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Typhoon25mm001.jpg/180px-Typhoon25mm001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Typhoon25mm001.jpg/240px-Typhoon25mm001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Weapon_Station" title="Typhoon Weapon Station">Typhoon Weapon Station</a> armed with <a href="/wiki/25_mm_caliber" title="25 mm caliber">25 mm gun</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Python5-missile001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Python missile series"><img alt="The Python missile series" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Python5-missile001.jpg/120px-Python5-missile001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Python5-missile001.jpg/180px-Python5-missile001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Python5-missile001.jpg/240px-Python5-missile001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Python_(missile)" title="Python (missile)">Python missile</a> series</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IAI Harop"><img alt="IAI Harop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg/120px-IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg/180px-IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg/240px-IAI_Harop_PAS_2013_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2258" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IAI_Harop" title="IAI Harop">IAI Harop</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The LITENING targeting pod, which is today used by more than 20 international air forces [139]"><img alt="The LITENING targeting pod, which is today used by more than 20 international air forces [139]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg/86px-Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg/128px-Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg/171px-Litening_Pod_on_FA-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/LITENING" class="mw-redirect" title="LITENING">LITENING</a> targeting pod, which is today used by more than 20 international air forces <sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David-Sling-0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David's Sling Weapons System Stunner Missile"><img alt="David's Sling Weapons System Stunner Missile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/David-Sling-0001.jpg/120px-David-Sling-0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/David-Sling-0001.jpg/180px-David-Sling-0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/David-Sling-0001.jpg/240px-David-Sling-0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Sling" title="David's Sling">David's Sling</a> Weapons System Stunner Missile</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merkava Mk 4m with Trophy active protection system, the first operationally tested Active Protection System for tanks"><img alt="Merkava Mk 4m with Trophy active protection system, the first operationally tested Active Protection System for tanks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg/120px-Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg/180px-Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg/240px-Merkava4m-Windbreaker-0036a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> Mk 4m with <a href="/wiki/Trophy_active_protection_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy active protection system">Trophy active protection system</a>, the first operationally tested Active Protection System for tanks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M2-Catlanit002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M2 Browning on Catlanit RCWS"><img alt="M2 Browning on Catlanit RCWS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M2-Catlanit002.jpg/120px-M2-Catlanit002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M2-Catlanit002.jpg/180px-M2-Catlanit002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/M2-Catlanit002.jpg/240px-M2-Catlanit002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> on <a href="/wiki/Samson_RCWS" class="mw-redirect" title="Samson RCWS">Catlanit RCWS</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_rations">Field rations</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field rations</a>, called <i>manot krav</i>, usually consist of canned <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardines">sardines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">stuffed vine leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_cocktail" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit cocktail">fruit cocktail</a> and bars of <a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">halva</a>. Packets of fruit-flavoured drink powder are provided along with condiments like <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a>, chocolate spread and jam. Around 2010, the IDF announced that certain freeze-dried <a href="/wiki/MRE" class="mw-redirect" title="MRE">MREs</a> served in water-activated disposable heaters like <a href="/wiki/Goulash" title="Goulash">goulash</a>, turkey <a href="/wiki/Schwarma" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarma">schwarma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Meatballs">meatballs</a> would be introduced as field rations.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One staple of these rations was <i><a href="/wiki/Spam_(food)#Israel" title="Spam (food)">loof</a></i>, a type of Kosher <a href="/wiki/Spam_(food)" title="Spam (food)">spam</a> made from chicken or beef that was phased out around 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Food historian Gil Marks has written that: "Many Israeli soldiers insist that Loof uses all the parts of the cow that the hot dog manufacturers will not accept, but no one outside of the manufacturer and the kosher supervisors know what is inside."<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_plans">Development plans</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Israeli_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg/220px-Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg/330px-Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg/440px-Merkeva_Mk_4M_-_Israeli_Tanks_2019-04-21_IZE-42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5926" data-file-height="3960" /></a><figcaption>A profile of a Merkava Mk 4M tank, armed with an <a href="/wiki/IMI_120_mm_gun" title="IMI 120 mm gun">IMI 120 mm gun</a>, a <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> .50-cal, a <a href="/wiki/7.62x51_mm_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="7.62x51 mm NATO">7.62x51 mm NATO</a> commander's <a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">FN MAG</a>, and equipped with the <a href="/wiki/Trophy_(countermeasure)" title="Trophy (countermeasure)">Trophy active protection system</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-IAF-F-35I-2016-12-13_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Israeli_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement">F-35I Adir</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The IDF is planning several technological upgrades and structural reforms for the future of its land, air, and sea branches. Training has been increased, including cooperation between ground, air, and naval units.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli Army is phasing out the M-16 rifle from all ground units in favor of the <a href="/wiki/IMI_Tavor" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Tavor">IMI Tavor</a> variants, most recently the <a href="/wiki/IWI_X95" class="mw-redirect" title="IWI X95">IWI Tavor X95 flat-top</a> ("Micro-Tavor Dor Gimel").<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF is replacing its outdated <a href="/wiki/M113_armored_personnel_carrier" title="M113 armored personnel carrier">M113 armored personnel carriers</a> in favor of new <a href="/wiki/Namer" title="Namer">Namer</a> APCs, with 200 ordered in 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Eitan_AFV" title="Eitan AFV">Eitan AFV</a>, and is upgrading its <a href="/wiki/IDF_Achzarit" title="IDF Achzarit">IDF Achzarit</a> APCs.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF announced plans to streamline its military bureaucracy so as to better maintain its reserve force, which a 2014 State Comptroller report noted was under-trained and may not be able to fulfill wartime missions. As part of the plans, 100,000 reservists will be discharged, and training for the remainder will be improved. The officer corps will be slashed by 5,000. Infantry and light artillery brigades will be reduced to increase training standards among the rest.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IDF is planning a future tank to replace the Merkava. The new tank will be able to fire lasers and electromagnetic pulses, run on a hybrid engine, run with a crew as small as two, will be faster, and will be better protected, with emphasis on protection systems such as the Trophy over armour.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Combat_Engineering_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Engineering Corps">Combat Engineering Corps</a> assimilated new technologies, mainly in tunnel detection and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_ground_vehicle" title="Unmanned ground vehicle">unmanned ground vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">military robots</a>, such as remote-controlled <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a>T "Panda" armoured bulldozers, Sahar engineering scout robot and improved <a href="/wiki/Remotec_ANDROS" class="mw-redirect" title="Remotec ANDROS">Remotec ANDROS</a> robots. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> will purchase as many as 100 <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35 Lightning II</a> fighter jets from the United States. The aircraft will be modified and designated F-35I. They will use Israeli-built electronic warfare systems, outer wings, guided bombs, and air-to-air missiles.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of a 2013 arms deal, the IAF will purchase <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotanker</a> aerial refueling aircraft and <a href="/wiki/Bell_Boeing_V-22_Osprey" title="Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey">V-22 Osprey</a> multi-mission aircraft from the United States, as well as advanced radars for warplanes and missiles designed to take out radars.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2013, an Israeli official stated that within 40–50 years, piloted aircraft would be phased out of service by <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned aerial vehicles">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> capable of executing nearly any operation that can be performed by piloted combat aircraft. Israel's military industries are reportedly on the path to developing such technology in a few decades. Israel will also manufacture tactical satellites for military use.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> is currently expanding its submarine fleet, with a planned total of six <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphin class submarine">Dolphin class submarines</a>. Currently, five have been delivered, with the sixth, INS Drakon, expected to be delivered in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also upgrading and expanding its surface fleet. It is planning to upgrade the electronic warfare systems of its <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_5-class_corvette" title="Sa'ar 5-class corvette">Sa'ar 5-class corvettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_4.5_class_missile_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ar 4.5 class missile boat">Sa'ar 4.5 class missile boats</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has ordered two new classes of warship: the <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_6-class_corvette" title="Sa'ar 6-class corvette">Sa'ar 6-class corvette</a> (a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig-class_corvette" title="Braunschweig-class corvette">Braunschweig-class corvette</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_72-class_corvette" title="Sa'ar 72-class corvette">Sa'ar 72-class corvette</a>, an improved and enlarged version of the Sa'ar 4.5-class. It plans to acquire four Saar 6-class corvettes and three Sa'ar 72-class corvettes. Israel is also developing marine artillery, including a gun capable of firing satellite-guided 155mm rounds between 75 and 120 kilometres.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_military_relations">Foreign military relations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> <p>Starting on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), when Israel became a sovereign state, a strong military, commercial and political relationship was established between France and Israel, which lasted until 1969. Between 1956 and 1966, the two countries had the highest level of military collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">Israel–United States military relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg/220px-Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg/330px-Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg/440px-Gen._Martin_E._Dempsey_meets_with_Lt._Gen._Benny_Gantz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Former IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz (right) meets with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Martin Dempsey</a> (left), Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_050415-M-9114Y-008_Marines_assigned_to_the_26th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit_(special_operations_capable)_along_Israeli_Defense_Force_soldiers_fast_rope_from_a_CH-46E_Sea_Knight_helicopter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/US_Navy_050415-M-9114Y-008_Marines_assigned_to_the_26th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit_%28special_operations_capable%29_along_Israeli_Defense_Force_soldiers_fast_rope_from_a_CH-46E_Sea_Knight_helicopter.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/US_Navy_050415-M-9114Y-008_Marines_assigned_to_the_26th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit_%28special_operations_capable%29_along_Israeli_Defense_Force_soldiers_fast_rope_from_a_CH-46E_Sea_Knight_helicopter.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/US_Navy_050415-M-9114Y-008_Marines_assigned_to_the_26th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit_%28special_operations_capable%29_along_Israeli_Defense_Force_soldiers_fast_rope_from_a_CH-46E_Sea_Knight_helicopter.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers training alongside the <a href="/wiki/26th_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" title="26th Marine Expeditionary Unit">26th Marine Expeditionary Unit</a> on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Kearsarge_(LHD-3)" title="USS Kearsarge (LHD-3)">USS <i>Kearsarge</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1983, the United States and Israel established a <a href="/wiki/Joint_Political_Military_Group" title="Joint Political Military Group">Joint Political Military Group</a>, which convenes twice a year. Both the U.S. and Israel participate in joint military planning and combined exercises and have collaborated on military research and weapons development. Additionally the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">U.S. military</a> maintains two classified, pre-positioned <a href="/wiki/War_Reserve_Stock" class="mw-redirect" title="War Reserve Stock">War Reserve Stocks</a> in Israel valued at $493 million.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Israel has the official distinction of being an American <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a>. Since 1976, Israel had been the largest annual recipient of U.S. foreign assistance. In 2009, Israel received $2.55 billion in Foreign Military Financing (FMF) grants from the Department of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-fas2006-10_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas2006-10-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All but 26% of this military aid is for the purchase of military hardware from American companies only.<sup id="cite_ref-fas2006-10_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas2006-10-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, the United States and Israel began their biggest joint air and missile defence exercise, known as <a href="/wiki/2012_US-Israel_military_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 US-Israel military exercise">Austere Challenge 12</a>, involving around 3,500 U.S. troops in the region along with 1,000 IDF personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany and Britain also participated.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since mid-2017, the United States has operated an anti-missile system in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> region of Southern Israel, which is manned by 120 US Army personnel. It is a facility used by the U.S. inside a larger <a href="/wiki/Mashabei_Sadeh" title="Mashabei Sadeh">Mashabim</a> Israeli Air Force base.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">India–Israel relations</a></div> <p>India and Israel enjoy strong military and strategic ties.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli authorities consider Indian citizens to be the most pro-Israel people in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JINSA01_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JINSA01-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from being Israel's second-largest economic partner in Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India is also the largest customer of Israeli arms in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, annual military sales between India and Israel stood at US$900 million.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli defense firms had the largest exhibition at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Aero_India" title="Aero India">Aero India</a> show, during which Israel offered several state-of-the art weapons to India.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major military deal between the two countries was the sale of Israeli <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">Phalcon</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">airborne warning and control system</a> (AWACS) radars to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2009, India and Israel signed a US$1.4 billion deal under which Israel would sell India an advanced air-defense system.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India and Israel have also embarked on extensive space cooperation. In 2008, India's <a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a> launched Israel's most technologically advanced <a href="/wiki/Spy_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy satellite">spy satellite</a> <a href="/wiki/TecSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="TecSAR">TecSAR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost-tecsar_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-tecsar-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, India reportedly developed a high-tech spy satellite <a href="/wiki/RISAT-2" title="RISAT-2">RISAT-2</a> with significant assistance from Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The satellite was successfully launched by India in April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a Los Angeles Times news story, the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai attacks</a> were an attack on the growing India-Israel partnership. It quotes retired Indian Vice Admiral Premvir S. Das thus "Their aim was to... tell the Indians clearly that your growing linkage with Israel is not what you should be doing..."<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, India and Israel have held numerous joint anti-terror training exercises<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Germany–Israel relations">Germany–Israel relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG/220px-I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG/330px-I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG/440px-I.n.s._dolfin-03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>A German-made <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphin class submarine">Dolphin class submarine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Germany developed the <a href="/wiki/Dolphin-class_submarine" title="Dolphin-class submarine">Dolphin submarine</a> and supplied it to Israel. Two submarines were donated by Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military co-operation has been discreet but mutually profitable: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli intelligence">Israeli intelligence</a>, for example, sent captured <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> armor to West Germany to be analyzed. The results aided the German development of an <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">anti-tank system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel also trained members of <a href="/wiki/GSG_9" title="GSG 9">GSG 9</a>, a German counter-terrorism and special operations unit.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli <a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava MK IV</a> tank uses a German <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12 engine</a> produced under license.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the website DefenseNews revealed that Germany and Israel had been jointly developing a nuclear warning system, dubbed Operation Bluebird.<sup id="cite_ref-israel_germany_nukes1_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel_germany_nukes1-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-israel_germany_nukes2_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel_germany_nukes2-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg/220px-Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg/330px-Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg/440px-Israeli_Sea_Corps_Soldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1829" /></a><figcaption>Sailors of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel–United Kingdom relations</a></div> <p>United Kingdom has supplied equipment and spare parts for <a href="/wiki/Sa%27ar_4.5-class_missile_boat" title="Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat">Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boats</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-4_Phantom" class="mw-redirect" title="F-4 Phantom">F-4 Phantom</a> fighter-bombers, components for small-calibre artillery ammunition and air-to-surface missiles, and engines for <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_450" title="Elbit Hermes 450">Elbit Hermes 450</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned aerial vehicles</a>. British arms sales to Israel mainly consist of light weaponry, and ammunition and components for helicopters, tanks, armoured personnel carriers, and combat aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Russia_relations#Military_collaboration" title="Israel–Russia relations">Israel–Russia relations § Military collaboration</a></div> <p>On 19 October 1999, the Defense Minister of China, General <a href="/wiki/Chi_Haotian" title="Chi Haotian">Chi Haotian</a>, after meeting with Syrian Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tlass" title="Mustafa Tlass">Mustafa Tlass</a> in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, to discuss expanding military ties between Syria and China, then flew directly to Israel and met with <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, the then Prime Minister and Defense Minister of Israel where they discussed military relations. Among the military arrangements was a $1 billion Israeli–Russian sale of military aircraft to China, which were to be jointly produced by Russia and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russia has bought drones from Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">China–Israel relations</a></div> <p>Israel is the second-largest foreign supplier of arms to the People's Republic of China, only after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. China has purchased a wide array of military hardware from Israel, including <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned aerial vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">communications satellites</a>. China has become an extensive market for Israel's military industries and arms manufacturers, and trade with Israel has allowed it to obtain "dual-use" technology which the United States and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> were reluctant to provide.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 <a href="/wiki/Yair_Golan" title="Yair Golan">Yair Golan</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Home_Front_Command" title="Home Front Command">IDF Home Front Command</a> visited China to strengthen military ties.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of General Staff (Israel)">IDF Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a> visited China for high-level talks with the Chinese defence establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Cyprus–Israel relations">Cyprus–Israel relations</a></div> <p>As closely neighbouring countries, Israel and Cyprus have enjoyed greatly improving diplomatic relations since 2010. During the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_forest_fire_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Carmel forest fire (2010)">Mount Carmel Forest Fire</a>, Cyprus dispatched two aviation assets to assist fire-fighting operations in Israel – the first time Cypriot Government aircraft were permitted to operate from Israeli airfields in a non-civil capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel and Cyprus have closely cooperated in maritime activities relating to Gaza, since 2010, and have reportedly begun an extensive sharing program of regional intelligence to support mutual security concerns. In May 2012, it was widely reported that the Israeli Air Force had been granted unrestricted access to the Nicosia Flight Information Region of Cyprus and that Israeli aviation assets may have operated over the island itself.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Greece–Israel relations">Greece–Israel relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Apache_Helicopters_Overlooking_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Two IAF <a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache AH-64D Longbows</a> and one Greek AH-64A fly above the Greek countryside during a joint exercise, June 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2010, the Israeli and Greek air forces trained jointly in Greece, indicating a boost in ties due in large part to Israel's rift with Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent purchases include 100 million euro deal between Greece and Israel for the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Spice_(guidance_kit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice (guidance kit)">SPICE</a> 1000 and SPICE 2000 pound bomb kits.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> hosted Greece's <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Hellenic Air Force</a> in a joint exercise at the <a href="/wiki/Ovda_Airport" title="Ovda Airport">Uvda base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar training was held in 2012 by the IAF in cooperation with the Hellenic Air Force in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> and parts of southern Greece in a response to the need of the IAF training of pilots in unfamiliar areas.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 14, 2013, the navies of Israel, Greece and the US held a two-week joint military exercise for the third year in a row. The annual operation is nicknamed Noble Dina and was established in 2011. Similar to Noble Dina in 2012, the exercise in 2013 included defending offshore natural gas platforms and simulated air-to-air combat and anti-submarine warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2017, Israel participated in the large-scale "Iniochus 2017" military exercise, which is organized annually by Greece, along with USA, Italy and the United Arab Emirates.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Israel–Turkey relations">Israel–Turkey relations</a></div> <p>Israel has provided extensive military assistance to Turkey. Israel sold Turkey <a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">IAI Heron</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned aerial vehicles</a>, and modernized Turkey's <a href="/wiki/F-4_Phantom" class="mw-redirect" title="F-4 Phantom">F-4 Phantom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">Northrop F-5</a> aircraft at the cost of $900 million. Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a> is the Israeli-made <a href="/wiki/Sabra_(tank)" title="Sabra (tank)">Sabra</a> tank, of which Turkey has 170. Israel later upgraded them for $500 million. Israel has also supplied Turkey with Israeli-made missiles, and the two nations have engaged in naval cooperation. Turkey allowed Israeli pilots to practice long-range flying over mountainous terrain in Turkey's Konya firing range, while Israel trains Turkish pilots at Israel's computerized firing range at <a href="/wiki/Nevatim_Airbase" title="Nevatim Airbase">Nevatim Airbase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2009, the Turkish military was one of Israel's largest defence customers. Israel defence companies have sold unmanned aerial vehicles and long-range targeting pods.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, relations have been strained in recent times. SInce 2010 the Turkish military has declined to participate in the annual joint naval exercise with Israel and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exercise, known as "Reliant Mermaid" was started in 1998 and included the Israeli, Turkish and American navies.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The objective of the exercise is to practice search-and-rescue operations and to familiarize each navy with international partners who also operate in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Israel relations">Azerbaijan–Israel relations</a></div> <p>Azerbaijan and Israel have engaged in intense cooperation since 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli military have been a major provider of battlefield aviation, artillery, antitank, and anti-infantry weaponry to Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Israeli President <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> made a visit to Azerbaijan where military relations were expanded further, with the Israeli company <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics_Defense_Systems_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd">Aeronautics Defense Systems Ltd</a> announcing it was going to build a factory in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Israel and Azerbaijan signed an agreement according to which state-run <a href="/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries" title="Israel Aerospace Industries">Israel Aerospace Industries</a> would sell $1.6 billion in drones and anti-aircraft and missile defense systems to Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2012, the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i> reported that the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> may be preparing to use the <a href="/wiki/Sitalchay_Military_Airbase" title="Sitalchay Military Airbase">Sitalchay Military Airbase</a>, located 500 km (310 mi) from the Iranian border, for air strikes against the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">nuclear program of Iran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FP_2012_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP_2012-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later backed up by other media.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3></div> <p>Israel has also sold to or received supplies of military equipment from the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-amnesty_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amnesty-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Israel Defense Forces">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parades">Parades</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_parade" title="Israel Defense Forces parade">Israel Defense Forces parade</a></div> <p>Israel Defense Forces parades took place on Independence Day, during the first 25 years of the State of Israel's existence. They were cancelled after 1973 due to financial and security concerns. The Israel Defense Forces still have weapon exhibitions country-wide on Independence Day, but they are stationary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemoration_2">Commemoration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yom_Hazikaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Hazikaron">Yom Hazikaron</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Remembering_the_Fallen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>An IDF ceremony for Yom Hazikaron</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_12768_IDF_parade_in_Jerusalem_in_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>Israeli female soldiers on parade, Jerusalem, 1968</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Yom_Hazikaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Hazikaron">Yom Hazikaron</a>, Israel's day of remembrance for fallen soldiers, is observed on the 4th day of the month of <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, the day before the celebration of <a href="/wiki/Yom_Ha%27atzmaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Ha'atzmaut">Independence Day</a>. </p><p>The main museum for Israel's armoured corps is the <a href="/wiki/Yad_La-Shiryon" title="Yad La-Shiryon">Yad La-Shiryon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a>, which houses one of the largest tank museums in the world. Other significant military museums are the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_History_Museum" title="Israel Defense Forces History Museum">Israel Defense Forces History Museum</a> (Batei Ha-Osef) in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palmach_Museum" title="Palmach Museum">Palmach Museum</a>, and the Beit HaTotchan of artillery in <a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Ya%27akov" title="Zikhron Ya'akov">Zikhron Ya'akov</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force_Museum" title="Israeli Air Force Museum">Israeli Air Force Museum</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Hatzerim_Airbase" title="Hatzerim Airbase">Hatzerim Airbase</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev Desert">Negev Desert</a>, and the Israeli Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum, is in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. </p><p>Israel's National Military Cemetery is at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a>. Other Israeli military cemeteries include <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shaul_Military_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Shaul Military Cemetery">Kiryat Shaul Military Cemetery</a> in Tel Aviv, and Sgula military cemetery at <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_forces">Security forces</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">National Security Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli police">Israeli police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset_Guard" title="Knesset Guard">Knesset Guard</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_industry_of_Israel">Defense industry of Israel</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Israel" title="Defense industry of Israel">Defense industry of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasan" title="Plasan">Plasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltam" class="mw-redirect" title="Soltam">Soltam</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_communication">Strategic communication</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IDF_Spokesperson%27s_Unit" title="IDF Spokesperson's Unit">IDF Spokesperson's Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_diplomacy_of_Israel" title="Public diplomacy of Israel">Public diplomacy of Israel</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_subjects">Related subjects</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes" title="Israeli war crimes">Israeli war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Israel and weapons of mass destruction">Israel and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_casualties_of_war" title="Israeli casualties of war">Israeli casualties of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brigades_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="List of brigades of the Israel Defense Forces">List of brigades of the Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_equipment_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Military equipment of Israel">Military equipment of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Israel">Military history of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherut_Leumi" title="Sherut Leumi">Sherut Leumi</a>, the non-military (civil) national service</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_footnotes">References and footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IISS1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IISS1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IISS1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (15 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2023"><i>The Military Balance 2023</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781032508955" title="Special:BookSources/9781032508955"><bdi>9781032508955</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301074652/https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2023">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2023&rft.place=London&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft.isbn=9781032508955&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiss.org%2Fpublications%2Fthe-military-balance%2Fthe-military-balance-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTianFleurantKuimovaWezeman2022" class="citation web cs1">Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (24 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2022-04/fs_2204_milex_2021_0.pdf">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425064753/https://www.sipri.org/publications/2022/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2021&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2022-04-24&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft.au=Fleurant%2C+Aude&rft.au=Kuimova%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Pieter+D.&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Siemon+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022-04%2Ffs_2204_milex_2021_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/state/pages/the%20state-%20israel%20defense%20forces%20-idf-.aspx#:~:text=The%20IDF's%20three%20service%20branches,to%20the%20minister%20of%20defense.">"THE STATE: Israel Defense Forces (IDF)"</a>. <i>Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074136/https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/state/pages/the%20state-%20israel%20defense%20forces%20-idf-.aspx#:~:text=The%20IDF's%20three%20service%20branches,to%20the%20minister%20of%20defense.">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>The IDF's three service branches (ground forces, air force, and navy) function under a unified command, headed by the Chief of the General Staff, with the rank of lieutenant-general, who is responsible to the minister of defence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=THE+STATE%3A+Israel+Defense+Forces+%28IDF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Faboutisrael%2Fstate%2Fpages%2Fthe%2520state-%2520israel%2520defense%2520forces%2520-idf-.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520IDF%27s%2520three%2520service%2520branches%2Cto%2520the%2520minister%2520of%2520defense.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahler,_Gregory_S.1990" class="citation book cs1">Mahler, Gregory S. (1990). <i>Israel After Begin</i>. SUNY Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0367-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0367-9"><bdi>978-0-7914-0367-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+After+Begin&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0367-9&rft.au=Mahler%2C+Gregory+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israelcohen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israelcohen_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is a wide range of estimates as to the size of the Israeli nuclear arsenal. For a compiled list of estimates, see <a href="/wiki/Avner_Cohen" title="Avner Cohen">Avner Cohen</a>, <i>The Worst-Kept Secret: Israel's bargain with the Bomb</i> (Columbia University Press, 2010), Table 1, page xxvii and page 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/04/israel-50-years-occupation-abuses">"Israel: 50 Years of Occupation Abuses"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 4 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240409043702/https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/04/israel-50-years-occupation-abuses">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+50+Years+of+Occupation+Abuses&rft.date=2017-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2017%2F06%2F04%2Fisrael-50-years-occupation-abuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/israel-west-bank-and-gaza/">"Israel, West Bank and Gaza"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240306132629/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/israel-west-bank-and-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+West+Bank+and+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices%2Fisrael-west-bank-and-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/israels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity/">"Israel's apartheid against Palestinians: a cruel system of domination and a crime against humanity"</a>. <i>Amnesty International</i>. 1 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+apartheid+against+Palestinians%3A+a+cruel+system+of+domination+and+a+crime+against+humanity&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2022%2F02%2Fisraels-apartheid-against-palestinians-a-cruel-system-of-domination-and-a-crime-against-humanity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ostfeld-name-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ostfeld-name_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ostfeld-name_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstfeld,_Zehava1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ostfeld, Zehava (1994). Shoshana Shiftel (ed.). <i>An Army is Born</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Israel Ministry of Defense</a>. pp. 113–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7"><bdi>978-965-05-0695-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Army+is+Born&rft.pages=113-116&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Defense&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-965-05-0695-7&rft.au=Ostfeld%2C+Zehava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeedy2011" class="citation web cs1">Speedy (12 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thespeedymedia.blogspot.com/2011/09/idfs-history.html#.U4ei6F4ZffM">"The Speedy Media: IDF's History"</a>. Thespeedymedia.blogspot.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327205050/http://thespeedymedia.blogspot.com/2011/09/idfs-history.html#.U4ei6F4ZffM">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Speedy+Media%3A+IDF%27s+History&rft.pub=Thespeedymedia.blogspot.com&rft.date=2011-09-12&rft.au=Speedy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthespeedymedia.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F09%2Fidfs-history.html%23.U4ei6F4ZffM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-post-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-post_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://services.israelpost.co.il/PostBoolaee.nsf/Allbulim/25823662C6A509C6C22577D100379ECC/$File/Israeli%20Flag.pdf">"The Israeli Flag (definitive stamp), 11/2010. Four Milestones in the History of the Flag: Nezz Ziona, 1891"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Post" title="Israel Post">Israel Post</a>, The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_Philatelic_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel Philatelic Service (page does not exist)">Israel Philatelic Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Israeli+Flag+%28definitive+stamp%29%2C+11%2F2010.+Four+Milestones+in+the+History+of+the+Flag%3A+Nezz+Ziona%2C+1891&rft.pub=Israel+Post%2C+The+Israel+Philatelic+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fservices.israelpost.co.il%2FPostBoolaee.nsf%2FAllbulim%2F25823662C6A509C6C22577D100379ECC%2F%24File%2FIsraeli%2520Flag.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oslo-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hemmingby, Cato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-28597"><i>Conflict and Military Terminology: The Language of the Israel Defense Forces</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111181627/https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/24378">Archived</a> January 11, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Master's thesis, University of Oslo, 2011. Accessed January 8, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/israeli-history/haganah">"HAGANAH"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.com</i>. The Gale Group, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531185912/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/israeli-history/haganah">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2019</span>. <q>The Haganah ("defense") was founded in June 1920...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=HAGANAH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhistory%2Fasia-and-africa%2Fisraeli-history%2Fhaganah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ostfeld-legal-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ostfeld-legal_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstfeld,_Zehava1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ostfeld, Zehava (1994). Shoshana Shiftel (ed.). <i>An Army is Born</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Israel Ministry of Defense</a>. pp. 104–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7"><bdi>978-965-05-0695-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Army+is+Born&rft.pages=104-106&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Defense&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-965-05-0695-7&rft.au=Ostfeld%2C+Zehava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idf-enc-11-15-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idf-enc-11-15_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPa'il1982" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Meir_Pa%27il" title="Meir Pa'il">Pa'il, Meir</a> (1982). "The Infantry Brigades". In Yehuda Schiff (ed.). <i>IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 11. Revivim Publishing. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Infantry+Brigades&rft.btitle=IDF+in+Its+Corps%3A+Army+and+Security+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Revivim+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Pa%27il&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/hezbollah-hiding-100000-missiles-that-can-hit-north-army-says/">"Hezbollah hiding 100,000 missiles that can hit north, army says"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064112/http://www.timesofisrael.com/hezbollah-hiding-100000-missiles-that-can-hit-north-army-says/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+hiding+100%2C000+missiles+that+can+hit+north%2C+army+says&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fhezbollah-hiding-100000-missiles-that-can-hit-north-army-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/israel/hebron6-04.htm#:~:text=Israel%20ratified%20the%20Geneva%20Conventions%20on%20July%206%2C%201951.&text=Israel%20has%20not%20signed%20or,not%20party%20to%20the%20treaty.">"The Obligations of Israel and the Palestinian Authority Under International Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013105550/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/israel/hebron6-04.htm#:~:text=Israel%20ratified%20the%20Geneva%20Conventions%20on%20July%206%2C%201951.&text=Israel%20has%20not%20signed%20or,not%20party%20to%20the%20treaty.">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=The+Obligations+of+Israel+and+the+Palestinian+Authority+Under+International+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2001%2Fisrael%2Fhebron6-04.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIsrael%2520ratified%2520the%2520Geneva%2520Conventions%2520on%2520July%25206%252C%25201951.%26text%3DIsrael%2520has%2520not%2520signed%2520or%2Cnot%2520party%2520to%2520the%2520treaty.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccrjustice.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/accountability-international-crimes-palestine">"Accountability for International Crimes in Palestine"</a>. <i>ccrjustice.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107000440/https://ccrjustice.org/home/what-we-do/our-cases/accountability-international-crimes-palestine">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccrjustice.org&rft.atitle=Accountability+for+International+Crimes+in+Palestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fhome%2Fwhat-we-do%2Four-cases%2Faccountability-international-crimes-palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/">"Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011073839/https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Israel+and+Occupied+Palestinian+Territories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flocation%2Fmiddle-east-and-north-africa%2Fisrael-and-occupied-palestinian-territories%2Freport-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/27/gaza-apparent-war-crimes-during-may-fighting">"Gaza: Apparent War Crimes During May Fighting"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 27 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411105454/https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/27/gaza-apparent-war-crimes-during-may-fighting">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Apparent+War+Crimes+During+May+Fighting&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2F07%2F27%2Fgaza-apparent-war-crimes-during-may-fighting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSF_war_crimes1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSF_war_crimes1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msf.org/indiscriminate-violence-and-collective-punishment-gaza-must-cease">"Indiscriminate violence and the collective punishment of Gaza must cease"</a>. <i>Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International</i>. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022012057/https://www.msf.org/indiscriminate-violence-and-collective-punishment-gaza-must-cease">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9decins+Sans+Fronti%C3%A8res+%28MSF%29+International&rft.atitle=Indiscriminate+violence+and+the+collective+punishment+of+Gaza+must+cease&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msf.org%2Findiscriminate-violence-and-collective-punishment-gaza-must-cease&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-06/ty-article/.premium/israel-may-have-committed-war-crimes-in-jenin-raid-un-palestinian-rights-official-says/00000189-2a7b-dcb5-a5df-6f7f370a0000">"Israel May Have Committed War Crimes in Jenin Operation, UN Palestinian Rights Official Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707052148/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-06/ty-article/.premium/israel-may-have-committed-war-crimes-in-jenin-raid-un-palestinian-rights-official-says/00000189-2a7b-dcb5-a5df-6f7f370a0000">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+May+Have+Committed+War+Crimes+in+Jenin+Operation%2C+UN+Palestinian+Rights+Official+Says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-07-06%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisrael-may-have-committed-war-crimes-in-jenin-raid-un-palestinian-rights-official-says%2F00000189-2a7b-dcb5-a5df-6f7f370a0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/10/israel-opt-investigate-war-crimes-during-august-offensive-on-gaza/">"Israel/OPT: Investigate war crimes during August offensive on Gaza"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></i>. 25 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019203733/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/10/israel-opt-investigate-war-crimes-during-august-offensive-on-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Israel%2FOPT%3A+Investigate+war+crimes+during+August+offensive+on+Gaza&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2022%2F10%2Fisrael-opt-investigate-war-crimes-during-august-offensive-on-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/israeli-settlements-should-be-classified-as-war-crimes-says-special-rapporteur-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-opt-press-release/">"Israeli Settlements Should be Classified as War Crimes, Says Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in OPT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325220303/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/israeli-settlements-should-be-classified-as-war-crimes-says-special-rapporteur-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-opt-press-release/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Israeli+Settlements+Should+be+Classified+as+War+Crimes%2C+Says+Special+Rapporteur+on+the+Situation+of+Human+Rights+in+OPT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fisraeli-settlements-should-be-classified-as-war-crimes-says-special-rapporteur-on-the-situation-of-human-rights-in-opt-press-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabian" class="citation web cs1">Fabian, Emanuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/herzi-halevi-becomes-idfs-23rd-chief-of-staff-in-handover-ceremony/">"Herzi Halevi formally takes over as chief of staff, vows to keep politics out of IDF"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610100648/https://www.timesofisrael.com/herzi-halevi-becomes-idfs-23rd-chief-of-staff-in-handover-ceremony/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Herzi+Halevi+formally+takes+over+as+chief+of+staff%2C+vows+to+keep+politics+out+of+IDF&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fherzi-halevi-becomes-idfs-23rd-chief-of-staff-in-handover-ceremony%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDF-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IDF_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830070254/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/about/insignia/ranks.htm">"IDF Ranks"</a>. IDF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/about/insignia/ranks.htm">the original</a> on 30 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDF+Ranks&rft.pub=IDF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdover.idf.il%2FIDF%2FEnglish%2Fabout%2Finsignia%2Franks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pgs 10 & 59, Israeli Defense Forces since 1973, Osprey Elite 8, Samuel Katz, 1986, Osprey Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-687-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-687-5">978-0-85045-687-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israeli Defence Forces since 1973, Osprey – Elite Series #8, Sam Katz 1986, ISNC 0-85045-887-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historama.com-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historama.com_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historama.com_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historama.com/online-resources/history-collecting-resources/militaria/idf_israel_defense_forces_militaria_guide.html#Uniforms">"Guide to Israeli Militaria, Insignia, Badges, Uniforms & Unit Formations at Historama.com | The Online History Shop"</a>. Historama.com. 2 August 1945. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804024615/http://www.historama.com/online-resources/history-collecting-resources/militaria/idf_israel_defense_forces_militaria_guide.html#Uniforms">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Israeli+Militaria%2C+Insignia%2C+Badges%2C+Uniforms+%26+Unit+Formations+at+Historama.com+%26%23124%3B+The+Online+History+Shop&rft.pub=Historama.com&rft.date=1945-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historama.com%2Fonline-resources%2Fhistory-collecting-resources%2Fmilitaria%2Fidf_israel_defense_forces_militaria_guide.html%23Uniforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://garinmahal.com/your-first-day-in-the-idf">"GarinMahal – Your first day in the IDF"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116033711/http://garinmahal.com/your-first-day-in-the-idf">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GarinMahal+%E2%80%93+Your+first+day+in+the+IDF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgarinmahal.com%2Fyour-first-day-in-the-idf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz & Volstad, <i>Israeli Elite Units since 1948</i> (1988), pp. 53–54; 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz & Volstad, <i>Israeli Elite Units since 1948</i> (1988), pp. 54–55; 57–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz & Volstad, <i>Israeli Elite Units since 1948</i> (1988), p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/paratroopers-brigade/">"Paratroopers Brigade"</a>. Israeli Defense Forces. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706185711/https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/paratroopers-brigade/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paratroopers+Brigade&rft.pub=Israeli+Defense+Forces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idf.il%2Fen%2Fminisites%2Fparatroopers-brigade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APNews20240625-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APNews20240625_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APNews20240625_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-politics-ruling-military-service-orthodox-e2a8359bcea1bd833f71845ee6af780d">"Israel's high court orders the army to draft ultra-Orthodox men, rattling Netanyahu's government"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 25 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+high+court+orders+the+army+to+draft+ultra-Orthodox+men%2C+rattling+Netanyahu%27s+government&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-politics-ruling-military-service-orthodox-e2a8359bcea1bd833f71845ee6af780d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI20240718-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOI20240718_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI20240718_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabian2024" class="citation news cs1">Fabian, Emanuel (18 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-to-begin-drafting-3000-haredi-men-starting-sunday-in-three-waves/">"IDF to begin drafting 3,000 Haredi men starting Sunday, in three waves"</a>. <i>Times of Israel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=IDF+to+begin+drafting+3%2C000+Haredi+men+starting+Sunday%2C+in+three+waves&rft.date=2024-07-18&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fidf-to-begin-drafting-3000-haredi-men-starting-sunday-in-three-waves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-this-day-settler-rabbi-who-had-a-change-of-heart-is-born-1.5322317">"This Day in Jewish History / A Yeshiva Head and Settler Who Had a Change of Heart Is Born"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111145405/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-this-day-settler-rabbi-who-had-a-change-of-heart-is-born-1.5322317">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=This+Day+in+Jewish+History+%2F+A+Yeshiva+Head+and+Settler+Who+Had+a+Change+of+Heart+Is+Born&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2F.premium-this-day-settler-rabbi-who-had-a-change-of-heart-is-born-1.5322317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZrahiya2011" class="citation news cs1">Zrahiya, Zvi (6 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/business/barak-wants-to-pay-minimum-wage-to-idf-conscripts-1.393937">"Barak Wants to Pay Minimum Wage to IDF Conscripts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. Tel Aviv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120817232629/http://www.haaretz.com/business/barak-wants-to-pay-minimum-wage-to-idf-conscripts-1.393937">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Barak+Wants+to+Pay+Minimum+Wage+to+IDF+Conscripts&rft.date=2011-11-06&rft.aulast=Zrahiya&rft.aufirst=Zvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbarak-wants-to-pay-minimum-wage-to-idf-conscripts-1.393937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayan2002" class="citation news cs1">Dayan, Aryeh (3 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/pacifists-are-fighting-hard-against-the-draft-1.51499">"Pacifists are fighting hard against the draft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. Tel Aviv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304230627/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/pacifists-are-fighting-hard-against-the-draft-1.51499">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Pacifists+are+fighting+hard+against+the+draft&rft.date=2002-03-03&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Ffeatures%2Fpacifists-are-fighting-hard-against-the-draft-1.51499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/just-a-quarter-of-all-eligible-reservists-serve-in-the-idf/">"Just a quarter of all eligible reservists serve in the IDF"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829172504/http://www.timesofisrael.com/just-a-quarter-of-all-eligible-reservists-serve-in-the-idf/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Just+a+quarter+of+all+eligible+reservists+serve+in+the+IDF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fjust-a-quarter-of-all-eligible-reservists-serve-in-the-idf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/121173/abuse-of-idf-exemptions-questioned/">Abuse of IDF Exemptions Questioned</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150210075735/http://forward.com/articles/121173/abuse-of-idf-exemptions-questioned/">Archived</a> 10 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Jewish Daily Forward, 16 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2010/08/25/statistics-womens-service-in-the-idf-for-2010-25-aug-2010/">Statistics: Women's Service in the IDF for 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513215641/https://www.idfblog.com/blog/2010/08/25/statistics-womens-service-in-the-idf-for-2010-25-aug-2010/">Archived</a> 13 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IDF, 25 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.719038?v=BDD11CFC5DFD7E6A2F0CD56A63DF587A">"Israeli woman who broke barriers downed by Hezbollah rocket as 2006 combat volunteer – Israel News"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806094515/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.719038?v=BDD11CFC5DFD7E6A2F0CD56A63DF587A">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+woman+who+broke+barriers+downed+by+Hezbollah+rocket+as+2006+combat+volunteer+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F1.719038%3Fv%3DBDD11CFC5DFD7E6A2F0CD56A63DF587A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza:_It's_a_Man's_War_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/gaza-a-mans-war-israel-gender/375689/">Gaza: It's a Man's War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308050053/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/gaza-a-mans-war-israel-gender/375689/">Archived</a> 8 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Atlantic, 7 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feldinger-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-feldinger_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-feldinger_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauren_Gelfond_Feldinger2008" class="citation news cs1">Lauren Gelfond Feldinger (21 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=114834">"Skirting history"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221192954/https://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=114834">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Skirting+history&rft.date=2008-09-21&rft.au=Lauren+Gelfond+Feldinger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FHome%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D114834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mfaWomen-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mfaWomen_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel+beyond+politics/Integration_women_in_IDF-March_2009">"Integration of women in the IDF"</a>. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 8 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091114102140/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel%2Bbeyond%2Bpolitics/Integration_women_in_IDF-March_2009">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Integration+of+women+in+the+IDF&rft.pub=Israeli+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2009-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FIsrael%2Bbeyond%2Bpolitics%2FIntegration_women_in_IDF-March_2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-womenIDF-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-womenIDF_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110311125757/http://idfspokesperson.com/2011/03/07/women-in-the-idf/">"Women in the IDF"</a>. Israel Defense Forces. 7 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idfspokesperson.com/2011/03/07/women-in-the-idf/">the original</a> on 11 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+IDF&rft.pub=Israel+Defense+Forces&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidfspokesperson.com%2F2011%2F03%2F07%2Fwomen-in-the-idf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Post_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2011" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Yaakov (23 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=226336">"Orna Barbivai becomes first female IDF major general"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017072546/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=226336">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Orna+Barbivai+becomes+first+female+IDF+major+general&rft.date=2011-07-23&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D226336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yedioth_Ahronot-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yedioth_Ahronot_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2011" class="citation news cs1">Greenberg, Hanan (26 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4074563,00.html">"IDF names 1st female major-general"</a>. <i>Yedioth Ahronot</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411122055/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4074563,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yedioth+Ahronot&rft.atitle=IDF+names+1st+female+major-general&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Hanan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4074563%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306122521/http://awiderbridge.org/transgender-in-the-idf/#sthash.ZAUcxHOz.dpuf">"Transgender in the IDF"</a>. AWiderBridge. 7 August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awiderbridge.org/transgender-in-the-idf/#sthash.ZAUcxHOz.dpuf">the original</a> on 6 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transgender+in+the+IDF&rft.pub=AWiderBridge&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawiderbridge.org%2Ftransgender-in-the-idf%2F%23sthash.ZAUcxHOz.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4171199,00.html">Haredi soldier warns: We'll leave IDF over women's singing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223021953/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4171199,00.html">Archived</a> 23 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YNET, 4 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemonline.com/news/politics-and-military/military/female-soldiers-were-not-permitted-to-sing-the-national-anthem-10905">Female soldiers were not permitted to sing the national anthem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206060530/http://www.jerusalemonline.com/news/politics-and-military/military/female-soldiers-were-not-permitted-to-sing-the-national-anthem-10905">Archived</a> 6 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Jerusalem Online, 11 January 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4586197,00.html">IDF offers haredim 'women-free' recruitment centers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707025017/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4586197,00.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YNET, 31 October 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/10/women_in_israel_as_the_idf_becomes_more_religious_the_rights_of_female_soldiers.2.html">No Touching</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207205948/http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/10/women_in_israel_as_the_idf_becomes_more_religious_the_rights_of_female_soldiers.2.html">Archived</a> 7 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Slate, 11 October 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idf.il/1283-18166-en/Dover.aspx">Leading the way in gender equality</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207212614/http://www.idf.il/1283-18166-en/Dover.aspx">Archived</a> 7 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IDF, 27 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Dickson, Ej (27 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/israel-defense-force-idf-tiktok-thirst-trap-1174211/">"Why Are Israeli Defense Forces Soldiers Posting Thirst Traps on TikTok?"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Why+Are+Israeli+Defense+Forces+Soldiers+Posting+Thirst+Traps+on+TikTok%3F&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Ej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-features%2Fisrael-defense-force-idf-tiktok-thirst-trap-1174211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen,_Gili2015" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Gili (19 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.657084">"IDF to disband Druze battalion after more than 40 years' service"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002010404/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.657084">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=IDF+to+disband+Druze+battalion+after+more+than+40+years%27+service&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Gili&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2F.premium-1.657084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928071234/http://www.aka.idf.il/brothers/skira/default.asp?catId=57478&docId">"IDF human resources site"</a> (in Hebrew). IDF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aka.idf.il/brothers/skira/default.asp?catId=57478&docId">the original</a> on 28 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDF+human+resources+site&rft.pub=IDF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aka.idf.il%2Fbrothers%2Fskira%2Fdefault.asp%3FcatId%3D57478%26docId&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelber_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelber,_Yoav1995" class="citation news cs1">Gelber, Yoav (1 April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070528194735/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16921885.html">"Druze and Jews in the war of 1948. (Israel-Arab War of 1948–49)"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16921885.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Druze+and+Jews+in+the+war+of+1948.+%28Israel-Arab+War+of+1948%E2%80%9349%29&rft.date=1995-04-01&rft.au=Gelber%2C+Yoav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-16921885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarry_Derfner2009" class="citation news cs1">Larry Derfner (15 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=129391">"Covenant of blood"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101001060221/http://www.jpost.com/home/article.aspx?id=129391">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Covenant+of+blood&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft.au=Larry+Derfner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FHome%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D129391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324151019/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/Personal/10/10/1102.htm">"מוכנים לטייס הדרוזי הראשון?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dover.idf.il/IDF/News_Channels/Personal/10/10/1102.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1+%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdover.idf.il%2FIDF%2FNews_Channels%2FPersonal%2F10%2F10%2F1102.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018125909/http://www.aka.idf.il/brothers/skira/default.asp?catId=57479&docId=">"IDF Human Resources site"</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aka.idf.il/brothers/skira/default.asp?catId=57479&docId=">the original</a> on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDF+Human+Resources+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aka.idf.il%2Fbrothers%2Fskira%2Fdefault.asp%3FcatId%3D57479%26docId%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/271/121.html">"History in Tzahal the first Bedouin to be Battalion Commander"</a>. Nrg.co.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920223124/http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART2/271/121.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+in+Tzahal+the+first+Bedouin+to+be+Battalion+Commander&rft.pub=Nrg.co.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrg.co.il%2Fonline%2F1%2FART2%2F271%2F121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.walla.co.il/?w=/9/782336">"a Bedouin officer got the command on a battalion"</a>. <i>News.walla.co.il</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729073732/http://news.walla.co.il/?w=/9/782336">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.walla.co.il&rft.atitle=a+Bedouin+officer+got+the+command+on+a+battalion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.walla.co.il%2F%3Fw%3D%2F9%2F782336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3974580,00.html">Rise in Arab National Service volunteers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172222/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3974580,00.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Aviel Magnezi. YNet, 25 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYossi_Yehoshua2008" class="citation news cs1">Yossi Yehoshua (4 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3527584,00.html">"First female Arab soldier joins elite unit 669"</a>. <i>ynetnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010091257/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3527584,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynetnews.com&rft.atitle=First+female+Arab+soldier+joins+elite+unit+669&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.au=Yossi+Yehoshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3527584%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cpl. Elinor Joseph, first female Arab combat soldier in IDF: "proud to serve" ", <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "I treated all the people at the checkpoints in the same manner because we are all human. For this reason, no one negatively reacted to me, and to tell the truth, that surprised me." Elinor's presence also helped change people’s perceptions, "People knew I was there and that I wouldn't hold my tongue if need be, so they had a constant reminder to treat the Palestinians well. But really, their treatment was always full of respect."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynetFirsftOff-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ynetFirsftOff_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPevzner2010" class="citation news cs1">Pevzner, Yana (13 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3968706,00.html">"The lone Arab Soldier"</a>. <i>Ynet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031011711/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3968706,00.html?">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=The+lone+Arab+Soldier&rft.date=2010-10-13&rft.aulast=Pevzner&rft.aufirst=Yana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3968706%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichal_Yaakov_Yitzhaki2013" class="citation news cs1">Michal Yaakov Yitzhaki (7 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=5727">"An officer and a Muslim Zionist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_HaYom" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel HaYom">Israel HaYom</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207153526/http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_article.php?id=5727">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+HaYom&rft.atitle=An+officer+and+a+Muslim+Zionist&rft.date=2013-09-07&rft.au=Michal+Yaakov+Yitzhaki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelhayom.com%2Fsite%2Fnewsletter_article.php%3Fid%3D5727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/10/18/israel-promotes-first-female-christian-arab-to-combat-commander/">"Israel Promotes First Female Christian Arab to Combat Commander"</a>. The Algemeiner. 18 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022221124/http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/10/18/israel-promotes-first-female-christian-arab-to-combat-commander/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Promotes+First+Female+Christian+Arab+to+Combat+Commander&rft.pub=The+Algemeiner&rft.date=2012-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.algemeiner.com%2F2012%2F10%2F18%2Fisrael-promotes-first-female-christian-arab-to-combat-commander%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.573172">"Israeli army sees increase in Christian Arab recruits"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 9 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140211021329/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.573172">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+army+sees+increase+in+Christian+Arab+recruits&rft.date=2014-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2F.premium-1.573172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost1-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpost1_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLev2021" class="citation web cs1">Lev, Tal (18 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/exclusive-idf-sees-sharp-increase-in-muslim-draft-674227">"Exclusive: IDF sees sharp increase in Muslim draft"</a>. <i>JPost</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618154602/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/exclusive-idf-sees-sharp-increase-in-muslim-draft-674227">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPost&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+IDF+sees+sharp+increase+in+Muslim+draft&rft.date=2021-07-18&rft.aulast=Lev&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fexclusive-idf-sees-sharp-increase-in-muslim-draft-674227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenger1-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greenger1_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenger2017" class="citation web cs1">Greenger, Nuri (10 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/blogs/think-with-me/with-yahya-mahamid-an-arab-zionist-is-no-misnomer-517608">"With Yahya Mahamid, an Arab-Zionist is No Misnomer"</a>. <i>JPost</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620123736/https://www.jpost.com/blogs/think-with-me/with-yahya-mahamid-an-arab-zionist-is-no-misnomer-517608">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPost&rft.atitle=With+Yahya+Mahamid%2C+an+Arab-Zionist+is+No+Misnomer&rft.date=2017-12-10&rft.aulast=Greenger&rft.aufirst=Nuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fthink-with-me%2Fwith-yahya-mahamid-an-arab-zionist-is-no-misnomer-517608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motchan1-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-motchan1_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchan2022" class="citation web cs1">Mitchan, Bill (7 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stljewishlight.org/top-story/how-a-muslim-zionist-became-an-idf-officer-and-voice-of-peace/">"How a "Muslim Zionist" became an IDF officer and a voice of peace"</a>. <i>Jewish Light</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608235441/https://stljewishlight.org/top-story/how-a-muslim-zionist-became-an-idf-officer-and-voice-of-peace/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Light&rft.atitle=How+a+%22Muslim+Zionist%22+became+an+IDF+officer+and+a+voice+of+peace&rft.date=2022-06-07&rft.aulast=Mitchan&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstljewishlight.org%2Ftop-story%2Fhow-a-muslim-zionist-became-an-idf-officer-and-voice-of-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Jewish State: The Struggle for Israel's Soul</i>. Yoram Hazony. 2001. Page 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Beta Israel in Ethiopia and Israel: studies on Ethiopian Jews By Tudor Parfitt, Emanuela Trevisan Semi. p.170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Israel social science research, Volumes 10–11. Hubert H. Humphrey Center for Social Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1995. p.70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Becoming Ethiopian Israelis: An Appraisal of the Adjustment of the Ethiopian Jewish Community to Israeli Society</i>. Ami Steinberger, Pepperdine University. 2006. p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNachshoni2014" class="citation news cs1">Nachshoni, Kobi (31 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4586197,00.html">"IDF offers haredim 'women-free' recruitment centers"</a>. <i>ynet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707025017/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4586197,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynet&rft.atitle=IDF+offers+haredim+%27women-free%27+recruitment+centers&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.aulast=Nachshoni&rft.aufirst=Kobi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4586197%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eichner-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eichner_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eichner_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eichner_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichner2007" class="citation news cs1">Eichner, Itamar (8 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html">"Follow Israel's example on gays in the military, US study says"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727141804/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Follow+Israel%27s+example+on+gays+in+the+military%2C+US+study+says&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft.aulast=Eichner&rft.aufirst=Itamar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3362505%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzanne B. Goldberg, "Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces," <i>William & Mary Journal of Women & Law</i> (2011) v 17 pp 547–90 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol17/iss3/3">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913214209/http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol17/iss3/3/">Archived</a> 13 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barbara-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barbara_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barbara_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044435/http://www.filmforum.org/films/yossi/israelstudyafs.pdf">"Homosexuality and the Israel Defense Forces: Did Lifting the Gay Ban Undermine Military Performance?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmforum.org/films/yossi/israelstudyafs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homosexuality+and+the+Israel+Defense+Forces%3A+Did+Lifting+the+Gay+Ban+Undermine+Military+Performance%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmforum.org%2Ffilms%2Fyossi%2Fisraelstudyafs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov_Katz2012" class="citation news cs1">Yaakov Katz (12 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=273609">"Does viral IDF Gay Pride photo show full picture?"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613175207/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=273609">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Does+viral+IDF+Gay+Pride+photo+show+full+picture%3F&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.au=Yaakov+Katz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D273609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=11734">"IDF enables diabetes victims, deaf to be drafted"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. 31 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+enables+diabetes+victims%2C+deaf+to+be+drafted&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D11734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2-20121103-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-C2-20121103_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121219020026/http://www.care2.com/news/member/296771588/3479034">"Israel: Veganism promoted in defence forces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Care2" title="Care2">Care2</a>. 3 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.care2.com/news/member/296771588/3479034">the original</a> on 19 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Veganism+promoted+in+defence+forces&rft.pub=Care2&rft.date=2012-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.care2.com%2Fnews%2Fmember%2F296771588%2F3479034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi-vegans-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toi-vegans_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsburg,_Mitch2014" class="citation news cs1">Ginsburg, Mitch (28 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/army-to-begin-serving-vegan-food-in-mess-halls/">"Army to begin serving vegan food in mess halls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821125518/https://www.timesofisrael.com/army-to-begin-serving-vegan-food-in-mess-halls/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Army+to+begin+serving+vegan+food+in+mess+halls&rft.date=2014-12-28&rft.au=Ginsburg%2C+Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Farmy-to-begin-serving-vegan-food-in-mess-halls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenseworld.net/news/18929/Vegan_is_Kosher_For_Israeli_Defense_Forces">"Vegan is Kosher For Israeli Defense Forces"</a>. Defenseworld.net. 6 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922194125/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/18929/Vegan_is_Kosher_For_Israeli_Defense_Forces">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vegan+is+Kosher+For+Israeli+Defense+Forces&rft.pub=Defenseworld.net&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseworld.net%2Fnews%2F18929%2FVegan_is_Kosher_For_Israeli_Defense_Forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-idf-spirit-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idf-spirit_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-idf-spirit_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831080829/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/about/doctrine/ethics.htm">"Ethics – The IDF Spirit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IDF_Spokesperson%27s_Unit" title="IDF Spokesperson's Unit">IDF Spokesperson's Unit</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/about/doctrine/ethics.htm">the original</a> on 31 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethics+%E2%80%93+The+IDF+Spirit&rft.pub=IDF+Spokesperson%27s+Unit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdover.idf.il%2FIDF%2FEnglish%2Fabout%2Fdoctrine%2Fethics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhronheim2022" class="citation news cs1">Ahronheim, Anna (12 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israeli-news/article-711884">"IDF adds 'stateliness' as fourth military value in code of ethics"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105191903/https://www.jpost.com/israeli-news/article-711884">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+adds+%27stateliness%27+as+fourth+military+value+in+code+of+ethics&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft.aulast=Ahronheim&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisraeli-news%2Farticle-711884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idf.il/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D/2022/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97-%D7%A6%D7%94-%D7%9C-%D7%A6%D7%94%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9A-%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%9B-%D7%9C/">"ערך היסוד ממלכתיות יתווסף ל'רוח צה"ל'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Israel Defense Forces</i> (in Hebrew). 12 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009062550/https://www.idf.il/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D/2022/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97-%D7%A6%D7%94-%D7%9C-%D7%A6%D7%94%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9A-%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%9B-%D7%9C//">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Defense+Forces&rft.atitle=%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9A+%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3+%D7%9C%27%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97+%D7%A6%D7%94%22%D7%9C%27&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idf.il%2F%25D7%259B%25D7%25AA%25D7%2591%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%2593%25D7%259B%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%259D%2F2022%2F%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%2F%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%2597-%25D7%25A6%25D7%2594-%25D7%259C-%25D7%25A6%25D7%2594%25D7%259C-%25D7%259E%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%259B%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2%25D7%2595%25D7%2593-%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%259A-%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%2593-%25D7%25A8%25D7%259E%25D7%2598%25D7%259B-%25D7%259C%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeir_ElranAsa_Kasher2022" class="citation web cs1">Meir Elran; Asa Kasher (2 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inss.org.il/publication/stateliness/">"Stateliness, IDF style"</a>. The Institure for National Security Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106141206/https://www.inss.org.il/publication/stateliness/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stateliness%2C+IDF+style&rft.pub=The+Institure+for+National+Security+Studies&rft.date=2022-08-02&rft.au=Meir+Elran&rft.au=Asa+Kasher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inss.org.il%2Fpublication%2Fstateliness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.5394864">"MI: IDF Needs New Ethics Code for War on Terror"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 30 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516165000/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5394864">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=MI%3A+IDF+Needs+New+Ethics+Code+for+War+on+Terror&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.5394864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-rabin-24-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-rabin-24_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabin2024" class="citation news cs1">Rabin, Roni Caryn (4 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/04/world/middleeast/israel-hamas-rules-of-engagement-hostages.html">"Israelis Question Army's Rules of Engagement After Hostages Slain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <q>The details of the rules of engagement — the conditions under which soldiers are permitted to open fire — are classified because publicizing them would enable enemy forces to take advantage of them, said Mr.<span class="nowrap"> </span>Dinar, adding that they were consistent with international law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israelis+Question+Army%27s+Rules+of+Engagement+After+Hostages+Slain&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft.aulast=Rabin&rft.aufirst=Roni+Caryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F01%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-hamas-rules-of-engagement-hostages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/Files/02/690/007/a34/02007690.a34.HTM">"בג"ץ 769/02"</a> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111030011111/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files/02/690/007/a34/02007690.a34.HTM">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%91%D7%92%22%D7%A5+769%2F02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felyon1.court.gov.il%2FFiles%2F02%2F690%2F007%2Fa34%2F02007690.a34.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland_Otto2011" class="citation book cs1">Roland Otto (1 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gRuiNWNj_yEC&q=targeted+prevention+israel&pg=PA11"><i>Targeted Killings and International Law</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642248580" title="Special:BookSources/9783642248580"><bdi>9783642248580</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230220/https://books.google.com/books?id=gRuiNWNj_yEC&q=targeted+prevention+israel&pg=PA11#v=snippet&q=targeted%20prevention%20israel&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Targeted+Killings+and+International+Law&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.isbn=9783642248580&rft.au=Roland+Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgRuiNWNj_yEC%26q%3Dtargeted%2Bprevention%2Bisrael%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gross-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gross_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gross_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, Michael (August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2006.00347.x">"Assassination and Targeted Killing: Law Enforcement, Execution or Self-Defence?"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Philosophy</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 323–335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-5930.2006.00347.x">10.1111/j.1468-5930.2006.00347.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-3758">0264-3758</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230120/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2006.00347.x">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Assassination+and+Targeted+Killing%3A+Law+Enforcement%2C+Execution+or+Self-Defence%3F&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-335&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5930.2006.00347.x&rft.issn=0264-3758&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5930.2006.00347.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasherYadlin2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kasher, A.; Yadlin, A. (April 2005). "Military Ethics of Fighting Terror: An Israeli Perspective (abstract)". <i>Journal of Military Ethics</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 3–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15027570510014642">10.1080/15027570510014642</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144060204">144060204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+Ethics&rft.atitle=Military+Ethics+of+Fighting+Terror%3A+An+Israeli+Perspective+%28abstract%29&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-32&rft.date=2005-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15027570510014642&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144060204%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kasher&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Yadlin%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/the-philosopher-who-gave-the-idf-moral-justification-in-gaza-1.269527">"The Philosopher Who Gave the IDF Moral Justification in Gaza"</a>. <i>Haaretz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029095058/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/the-philosopher-who-gave-the-idf-moral-justification-in-gaza-1.269527">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=The+Philosopher+Who+Gave+the+IDF+Moral+Justification+in+Gaza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fthe-philosopher-who-gave-the-idf-moral-justification-in-gaza-1.269527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103123507/http://www.palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=10705&jid=1&href=fulltext">"Khalidi,<i>The Most Moral Army in the World?</i>, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol 39, no. 3 (Spring 2010), p. 6"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=10705&jid=1&href=fulltext">the original</a> on 3 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khalidi%2CThe+Most+Moral+Army+in+the+World%3F%2C+Journal+of+Palestine+Studies%2C+Vol+39%2C+no.+3+%28Spring+2010%29%2C+p.+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-studies.org%2Fjournals.aspx%3Fid%3D10705%26jid%3D1%26href%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalzerMargalit2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Walzer, Michael; Margalit, Avishai (14 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2009/05/14/israel-civilians-combatants/">"Israel: Civilians & Combatants"</a>. <i>The New York Review of Books</i>. Vol. 56, no. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616053634/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2009/05/14/israel-civilians-combatants/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span> – via www.nybooks.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Civilians+%26+Combatants&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=8&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft.aulast=Walzer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Margalit%2C+Avishai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F05%2F14%2Fisrael-civilians-combatants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiz-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weiz_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeizman,_Eyal2017" class="citation book cs1">Weizman, Eyal (2017). <i>Forensic Architecture, VIOLENCE AT THE THRESHOLD OF DETECTABILITY</i>. New York: Zone Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935408864" title="Special:BookSources/9781935408864"><bdi>9781935408864</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forensic+Architecture%2C+VIOLENCE+AT+THE+THRESHOLD+OF+DETECTABILITY&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Zone+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781935408864&rft.au=Weizman%2C+Eyal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span>, page 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos_Harel2011" class="citation news cs1">Amos Harel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2011-11-01/ty-article/0000017f-ed21-d0f7-a9ff-efe591e30000">"Haaretz, Chief of Staff to Military Commanders: Hannibal Directive Does Not Permit Killing of Soldiers to Prevent Abduction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230222151328/https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/2011-11-01/ty-article/0000017f-ed21-d0f7-a9ff-efe591e30000">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Haaretz%2C+Chief+of+Staff+to+Military+Commanders%3A+Hannibal+Directive+Does+Not+Permit+Killing+of+Soldiers+to+Prevent+Abduction&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Amos+Harel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2011-11-01%2Fty-article%2F0000017f-ed21-d0f7-a9ff-efe591e30000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112235445/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1198">"From War to Deterrence? Israel-Hezbollah Conflict Since 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1198">the original</a> on 12 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+War+to+Deterrence%3F+Israel-Hezbollah+Conflict+Since+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil%2Fpubs%2Fdisplay.cfm%3FpubID%3D1198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byman-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byman_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">'the threat to destroy the civilian infrastructure of hostile regimes, as Israel did to the Dahiya neighbourhood of Beirut, where Hizbollah was headquartered in 2006' Daniel Byman , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/highpricetriumph0000byma/page/364"><i>A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism</i></a>, Oxford University Press, 2011 p.364</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harelEisenkot-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harelEisenkot_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos_Harel2008" class="citation web cs1">Amos Harel (5 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/analysis-idf-plans-to-use-disproportionate-force-in-next-war-1.254954">"ANALYSIS / IDF plans to use disproportionate force in next war"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006212036/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/analysis-idf-plans-to-use-disproportionate-force-in-next-war-1.254954">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=ANALYSIS+%2F+IDF+plans+to+use+disproportionate+force+in+next+war&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.au=Amos+Harel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fanalysis-idf-plans-to-use-disproportionate-force-in-next-war-1.254954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FinallyRealizes-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FinallyRealizes_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3605863,00.html">"The Dahya Strategy: Israel finally realizes that Arabs should be accountable for their leaders’ acts"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224014903/http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3605863,00.html">Archived</a> 24 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Dahya strategy, according to IDF Northern Command Chief Gadi Eisenkot. Interview in Yedioth Ahronoth. 10.06.08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications16/1651/pdf/e_print.pdf"><i>DEFENCE EXPENDITURE IN ISRAEL 1950–2014 </i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521104221/http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications16/1651/pdf/e_print.pdf">Archived</a> 21 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Central Bureau of Statistics, August 2016, page 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz.com-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoti_Bassok2009" class="citation news cs1">Moti Bassok (30 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/defense-budget-to-grow-education-spending-to-shrink-1.6974">"Defense budget to grow, education spending to shrink"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708200607/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/defense-budget-to-grow-education-spending-to-shrink-1.6974">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Defense+budget+to+grow%2C+education+spending+to+shrink&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.au=Moti+Bassok&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fbusiness%2Fdefense-budget-to-grow-education-spending-to-shrink-1.6974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/10/10/Israel-Generals-say-defense-cuts-perilous/UPI-60991318262603/">"Israel: Generals say defence cuts perilous."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011211115/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/10/10/Israel-Generals-say-defense-cuts-perilous/UPI-60991318262603/">Archived</a> 11 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> UPI, 10 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harel, Amos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/idf-battle-readiness-to-suffer-if-budget-cut-senior-officers-warn-1.389238?localLinksEnabled=false">"IDF battle readiness to suffer if budget cut, senior officers warn."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127081051/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/idf-battle-readiness-to-suffer-if-budget-cut-senior-officers-warn-1.389238?localLinksEnabled=false">Archived</a> 27 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Haaretz</i>, 11 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">List of countries by military expenditures</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogscript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A344244b3-3fee-4dfc-be03-992bf38a6f19">"Weaponized Sentry-Tech Towers Protecting Hot Borders"</a>. Aviationweek.com. 4 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429010118/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogscript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A344244b3-3fee-4dfc-be03-992bf38a6f19">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weaponized+Sentry-Tech+Towers+Protecting+Hot+Borders&rft.pub=Aviationweek.com&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviationweek.com%2Faw%2Fblogs%2Fdefense%2Findex.jsp%3FplckController%3DBlog%26plckScript%3Dblogscript%26plckElementId%3DblogDest%26plckBlogPage%3DBlogViewPost%26plckPostId%3DBlog%253A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%253A344244b3-3fee-4dfc-be03-992bf38a6f19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalestine_Chronicle2010" class="citation news cs1">Palestine Chronicle (13 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasiareview.com/201007134943/israels-new-video-game-executions.html">"Israel's New 'Video Game' Executions"</a>. <i>Eurasia Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasia+Review&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+New+%27Video+Game%27+Executions&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.au=Palestine+Chronicle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F201007134943%2Fisraels-new-video-game-executions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4224907,00.html">"IDF observation balloon crashes near Gaza"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506164058/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4224907,00.html">Archived</a> 6 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ynet News 5 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov_Katz2009" class="citation news cs1">Yaakov Katz (1 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429030607/http://www.trcb.com/news/israel/general/israel-navy-mulls-building-larger-scale-missile-ships-locally-12305.htm">"Israel Navy mulls building larger-scale missile ships locally"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trcb.com/news/israel/general/israel-navy-mulls-building-larger-scale-missile-ships-locally-12305.htm">the original</a> on 29 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Israel+Navy+mulls+building+larger-scale+missile+ships+locally&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.au=Yaakov+Katz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trcb.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2Fgeneral%2Fisrael-navy-mulls-building-larger-scale-missile-ships-locally-12305.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehudah_Lev_Kay2009" class="citation web cs1">Yehudah Lev Kay (29 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/132104">"Navy Drops US Warship for Made-in-Israel Option"</a>. IsraelNationalNews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530042110/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/132104">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navy+Drops+US+Warship+for+Made-in-Israel+Option&rft.pub=IsraelNationalNews.com&rft.date=2009-06-29&rft.au=Yehudah+Lev+Kay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F132104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandboxx.us/news/the-tavor-rifle-was-made-for-the-israeli-militarys-unique-situation-service-rifles-from-around-the-world/">"The Tavor rifle was made for the Israeli military's unique situation - Service rifles from around the world"</a>. <i>Sandboxx</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandboxx&rft.atitle=The+Tavor+rifle+was+made+for+the+Israeli+military%27s+unique+situation+-+Service+rifles+from+around+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandboxx.us%2Fnews%2Fthe-tavor-rifle-was-made-for-the-israeli-militarys-unique-situation-service-rifles-from-around-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>www.israelhayom.com</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/12/16/idfs-tavor-is-foreign-armies-favorite-rifle-magazine-says/">https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/12/16/idfs-tavor-is-foreign-armies-favorite-rifle-magazine-says/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.israelhayom.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelhayom.com%2F2019%2F12%2F16%2Fidfs-tavor-is-foreign-armies-favorite-rifle-magazine-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlin2024" class="citation web cs1">Carlin, Maya (29 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/merkava-israel-just-might-have-one-best-tanks-earth-210290">"Merkava: Israel Just Might Have One of the Best Tanks on Earth"</a>. <i>The National Interest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Interest&rft.atitle=Merkava%3A+Israel+Just+Might+Have+One+of+the+Best+Tanks+on+Earth&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft.aulast=Carlin&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Fblog%2Fbuzz%2Fmerkava-israel-just-might-have-one-best-tanks-earth-210290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2023" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Dan (2 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-drones-use-free-falling-bombs-can-carry-up-tonne-2023-02-02/">"Israel's pioneering drones use free-falling bombs, can carry a tonne"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+pioneering+drones+use+free-falling+bombs%2C+can+carry+a+tonne&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisraeli-drones-use-free-falling-bombs-can-carry-up-tonne-2023-02-02%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinogradBigg2024" class="citation news cs1">Vinograd, Cassandra; Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (14 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/14/world/europe/israel-iron-dome-defense.html">"What Weapons Did Israel Use to Block Iran's Attack?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Weapons+Did+Israel+Use+to+Block+Iran%27s+Attack%3F&rft.date=2024-04-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Vinograd&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft.au=Bigg%2C+Matthew+Mpoke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fisrael-iron-dome-defense.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-is-world-s-largest-exporter-of-drones-study-finds.premium-1.524771">Israel is world's largest exporter of drones, study finds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304230631/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-is-world-s-largest-exporter-of-drones-study-finds.premium-1.524771">Archived</a> 4 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Haaretz</i>, Gili Cohen Published: 19 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto3_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/projects/gill">Spike Anti-Tank Missile, Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020325015701/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/gill/">Archived</a> 25 March 2002 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> army-technology.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrantzman2023" class="citation web cs1">Frantzman, Seth J. (9 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2023/11/arrow-3-air-defense-system-notches-first-successful-intercept/">"Arrow 3 air defense system notches first successful intercept"</a>. <i>Breaking Defense</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Defense&rft.atitle=Arrow+3+air+defense+system+notches+first+successful+intercept&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft.aulast=Frantzman&rft.aufirst=Seth+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com%2F2023%2F11%2Farrow-3-air-defense-system-notches-first-successful-intercept%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Johnson2012" class="citation news cs1">Robert Johnson (19 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-israel-developed-the-iron-dome-2012-11?op=1#ixzz2Cme6aQn5">"How Israel Developed Such A Shockingly Effective Rocket Defense System"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033231/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-israel-developed-the-iron-dome-2012-11?op=1#ixzz2Cme6aQn5">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+Israel+Developed+Such+A+Shockingly+Effective+Rocket+Defense+System&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.au=Robert+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhow-israel-developed-the-iron-dome-2012-11%3Fop%3D1%23ixzz2Cme6aQn5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tory-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tory_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Tory2012" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Tory (19 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/11/israel_iron_dome_defense_how_has_missile_defense_changed_battle_in_gaza.html">"A Missile-Defense System That Actually Works?"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120092129/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2012/11/israel_iron_dome_defense_how_has_missile_defense_changed_battle_in_gaza.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=A+Missile-Defense+System+That+Actually+Works%3F&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft.au=Sarah+Tory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2012%2F11%2Fisrael_iron_dome_defense_how_has_missile_defense_changed_battle_in_gaza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/video/series/news-explainers/iron-beam-how-israels-new-laser-weapon-works/7FEDC20F-B080-4E7E-B3C7-832702D5F191">"Iron Beam: How Israel's New Laser Weapon Works"</a>. <i>WSJ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Iron+Beam%3A+How+Israel%27s+New+Laser+Weapon+Works&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fvideo%2Fseries%2Fnews-explainers%2Firon-beam-how-israels-new-laser-weapon-works%2F7FEDC20F-B080-4E7E-B3C7-832702D5F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorn2007" class="citation web cs1">Zorn, E. L. (8 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100426215752/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol44no5/html/v44i5a04p.htm">"Israel's Quest for Satellite Intelligence"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol44no5/html/v44i5a04p.htm">the original</a> on 26 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Quest+for+Satellite+Intelligence&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2007-05-08&rft.aulast=Zorn&rft.aufirst=E.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fcenter-for-the-study-of-intelligence%2Fkent-csi%2Fvol44no5%2Fhtml%2Fv44i5a04p.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2007" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Yaakov (11 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=64499">"Analysis: Eyes in the sky"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114031411/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=64499">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+Eyes+in+the+sky&rft.date=2007-06-11&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D64499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fas-nuke-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fas-nuke_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fas-nuke_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/nuke/">"Nuclear Weapons – Israel"</a>. Federation of American Scientists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912071921/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/nuke/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Weapons+%E2%80%93+Israel&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Fisrael%2Fnuke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brower, Kenneth S., "A Propensity for Conflict: Potential Scenarios and Outcomes of War in the Middle East," <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Intelligence_Review" title="Jane's Intelligence Review">Jane's Intelligence Review</a>, Special Report no. 14, (February 1997), 14–15. Brower notes that he is making a high estimate of the number of weapons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cns.miis.edu-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cns.miis.edu_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cns.miis.edu/opapers/op7/op7.pdf">Missile Proliferation and Defences: Problems and Prospects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611081741/http://cns.miis.edu/opapers/op7/op7.pdf">Archived</a> 11 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdi.org/nuclear/database/isnukes.html#f16">F-16 Falcon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603233606/http://www.cdi.org/nuclear/database/isnukes.html">Archived</a> 3 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cdi.org. Retrieved 4 June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200208/20/eng20020820_101736.shtml">Israel's F-16 Warplanes Likely to Carry Nuclear Weapons: Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605162511/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200208/20/eng20020820_101736.shtml">Archived</a> 5 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. English.peopledaily.com.cn (20 August 2002). Retrieved 4 June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OTA-ISC-559-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OTA-ISC-559_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1993/9341/9341.PDF"><i>Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Assessing the Risks</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Office of Technology Assessment</a>. August 1993. OTA-ISC-559. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk1/1993/9341/9341.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proliferation+of+Weapons+of+Mass+Destruction%3A+Assessing+the+Risks&rft.pub=U.S.+Congress+Office+of+Technology+Assessment&rft.date=1993-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~ota%2Fdisk1%2F1993%2F9341%2F9341.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_S._Norris_and_Hans_M._Kristensen2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen (November–December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/82558p4j65585158/fulltext.pdf"><i>U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe, 1954–2004</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521144312/http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/82558p4j65585158/fulltext.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+nuclear+weapons+in+Europe%2C+1954%E2%80%932004&rft.pub=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.date=2004-11%2F2004-12&rft.au=Robert+S.+Norris+and+Hans+M.+Kristensen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.metapress.com%2Fcontent%2F82558p4j65585158%2Ffulltext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlushnick2006" class="citation web cs1">Plushnick, Ramit (25 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/25/israel_buys_2_nuclear_capable_submarines_from_germany/">"Israel buys 2 nuclear-capable submarines from Germany"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103101901/http://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/25/israel_buys_2_nuclear_capable_submarines_from_germany/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Israel+buys+2+nuclear-capable+submarines+from+Germany&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.aulast=Plushnick&rft.aufirst=Ramit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farticles%2F2006%2F08%2F25%2Fisrael_buys_2_nuclear_capable_submarines_from_germany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=256494">"J'lem and Berlin sign contract for sixth submarine"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. 5 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205114828/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=256494">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=J%27lem+and+Berlin+sign+contract+for+sixth+submarine&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D256494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Israeli-targeting-pod-leading-bombings-in-Libya">ISRAELI TARGETING POD LEADING BOMBINGS IN LIBYA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118201807/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Israeli-targeting-pod-leading-bombings-in-Libya">Archived</a> 18 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BY YAAKOV KATZ Jerusalem Post, 1 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg" class="citation web cs1">Steinberg, Jessica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-rationale-behind-the-rations/">"The rationale behind the rations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.timesofisrael.com/the-rationale-behind-the-rations/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=The+rationale+behind+the+rations&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fthe-rationale-behind-the-rations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/6-things-you-never-knew-about-spam/">"6 things you never knew about Spam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Text.Article)</span>. <i>The Daily Meal</i>. 28 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920122557/http://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2016/09/28/6-things-never-knew-about-spam.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Meal&rft.atitle=6+things+you+never+knew+about+Spam&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Ffood-drink%2F6-things-you-never-knew-about-spam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2011/11/20/the-archive-blog/kosher-spam-a-breef-history">"Kosher Spam: a Breef history"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 20 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705063334/https://www.jta.org/2011/11/20/the-archive-blog/kosher-spam-a-breef-history">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Kosher+Spam%3A+a+Breef+history&rft.date=2011-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2011%2F11%2F20%2Fthe-archive-blog%2Fkosher-spam-a-breef-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.659849">"Analysis The Israeli Army's New Target: Itself"</a>. <i>Haaretz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404020438/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.659849">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=Analysis+The+Israeli+Army%27s+New+Target%3A+Itself&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-1.659849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem Post: <i>IDF phasing out M-16 in favor of Israeli-made Tavor</i> (19 December 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/article/51098/israel-to-upgrade-more-achzarit-apcs">"Israel to upgrade more Achzarit APCs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220065011/http://www.janes.com/article/51098/israel-to-upgrade-more-achzarit-apcs">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+to+upgrade+more+Achzarit+APCs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F51098%2Fisrael-to-upgrade-more-achzarit-apcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehoshua2014" class="citation news cs1">Yehoshua, Yossi (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4573814,00.html">"Ya'alon approves addition of 200 advanced APCs for the IDF"</a>. <i>ynet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224543/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4573814,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynet&rft.atitle=Ya%27alon+approves+addition+of+200+advanced+APCs+for+the+IDF&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=Yehoshua&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4573814%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehoshua2015" class="citation news cs1">Yehoshua, Yossi (22 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4639799,00.html">"IDF to create smaller, better-trained reserve force"</a>. <i>ynet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308021851/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4639799,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynet&rft.atitle=IDF+to+create+smaller%2C+better-trained+reserve+force&rft.date=2015-03-22&rft.aulast=Yehoshua&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4639799%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem Post: <i>The IDF's future tank: Electromagnetic cannon</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-to-discharge-100000-reservists-slash-officer-corps/">"IDF to discharge 100,000 reservists, slash officer corps"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221210606/http://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-to-discharge-100000-reservists-slash-officer-corps/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=IDF+to+discharge+100%2C000+reservists%2C+slash+officer+corps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fidf-to-discharge-100000-reservists-slash-officer-corps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/lockheed-awarded-207-million-contract-to-incorporate-israeli-specific-f-35-systems-375899/">"Lockheed awarded $207 million contract to incorporate Israeli-specific F-35 systems"</a>. Flightglobal.com. 29 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729083010/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/lockheed-awarded-207-million-contract-to-incorporate-israeli-specific-f-35-systems-375899/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lockheed+awarded+%24207+million+contract+to+incorporate+Israeli-specific+F-35+systems&rft.pub=Flightglobal.com&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Flockheed-awarded-207-million-contract-to-incorporate-israeli-specific-f-35-systems-375899%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/awst/2010/08/23/AW_08_23_2010_p32-249396.xml">http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/awst/2010/08/23/AW_08_23_2010_p32-249396.xml</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/158594#.UTPFZzCG0j4">"Panetta's Visit Sealed F-35 Jet Sale to Israel"</a>. Israel National News. 5 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625005530/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/158594#.UTPFZzCG0j4">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panetta%27s+Visit+Sealed+F-35+Jet+Sale+to+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+National+News&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F158594%23.UTPFZzCG0j4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenhorin2013" class="citation news cs1">Benhorin, Yitzhak (19 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4369684,00.html">"Israel to buy new missiles, refuelling planes from US"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i>. Ynetnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621094559/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4369684,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Israel+to+buy+new+missiles%2C+refuelling+planes+from+US&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft.aulast=Benhorin&rft.aufirst=Yitzhak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4369684%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4370514,00.html">"Israel says drones to eventually replace manned aircraft"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i>. Ynetnews.com. 21 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130716043058/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4370514,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Israel+says+drones+to+eventually+replace+manned+aircraft&rft.date=2013-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4370514%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/maritime-security-world/naval/submersibles-naval/name-of-newest-israeli-submarine-changed-amid-criticism/">"Name of newest Israeli submarine changed amid criticism"</a>. <i>Baird Maritime</i>. 10 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802014652/https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/maritime-security-world/naval/submersibles-naval/name-of-newest-israeli-submarine-changed-amid-criticism/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baird+Maritime&rft.atitle=Name+of+newest+Israeli+submarine+changed+amid+criticism&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bairdmaritime.com%2Fwork-boat-world%2Fmaritime-security-world%2Fnaval%2Fsubmersibles-naval%2Fname-of-newest-israeli-submarine-changed-amid-criticism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/naval/ships/2015/06/28/israel-navy-to-upgrade-combat-surface-fleet-saar/29277241/">"Israel Navy To Upgrade Combat Surface Fleet"</a>. <i>Defense News</i>. 28 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230648/https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2015/06/28/israel-navy-to-upgrade-combat-surface-fleet/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+News&rft.atitle=Israel+Navy+To+Upgrade+Combat+Surface+Fleet&rft.date=2015-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fstory%2Fdefense%2Fnaval%2Fships%2F2015%2F06%2F28%2Fisrael-navy-to-upgrade-combat-surface-fleet-saar%2F29277241%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724200000/http://gantdaily.com/2012/04/02/israel-navy-mulling-purchasing-south-korean-ships-built-by-hyundai/">"Israel Navy Mulling Purchasing South Korean Ships built by Hyundai"</a>. GantDaily.com. 2 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gantdaily.com/2012/04/02/israel-navy-mulling-purchasing-south-korean-ships-built-by-hyundai/">the original</a> on 24 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Navy+Mulling+Purchasing+South+Korean+Ships+built+by+Hyundai&rft.pub=GantDaily.com&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgantdaily.com%2F2012%2F04%2F02%2Fisrael-navy-mulling-purchasing-south-korean-ships-built-by-hyundai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarpin2007" class="citation book cs1">Karpin, Michael (2007). <i>The Bomb in the Basement: How Israel Went Nuclear and What That Means for the World</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6595-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6595-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-6595-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bomb+in+the+Basement%3A+How+Israel+Went+Nuclear+and+What+That+Means+for+the+World&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-6595-9&rft.aulast=Karpin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fas2006-10-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fas2006-10_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fas2006-10_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp2009" class="citation web cs1">Sharp, Jeremy M. (4 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150731092044/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf">"CRS report for Congress: U.S. foreign aid to Israel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRS+report+for+Congress%3A+U.S.+foreign+aid+to+Israel&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmideast%2FRL33222.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/10/2012102195738284839.html">US and Israel launch joint military drill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208205129/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/10/2012102195738284839.html">Archived</a> 8 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Al Jazeera 21 October 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapaccio2012" class="citation web cs1">Capaccio, Tony (15 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017063145/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-15/u-dot-s-dot-israeli-military-exercise-sending-message-to-iran">"U.S.-Israeli Military Exercise Sending Message to Iran"</a>. <i>BusinessWeek</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-10-15/u-dot-s-dot-israeli-military-exercise-sending-message-to-iran">the original</a> on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=U.S.-Israeli+Military+Exercise+Sending+Message+to+Iran&rft.date=2012-10-15&rft.aulast=Capaccio&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2012-10-15%2Fu-dot-s-dot-israeli-military-exercise-sending-message-to-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Judah Ari. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-us-establishes-permanent-military-base-in-israel/">"In first, US establishes permanent military base in Israel"</a>. <i>www.timesofisrael.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510023119/http://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-us-establishes-permanent-military-base-in-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=In+first%2C+US+establishes+permanent+military+base+in+Israel&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Judah+Ari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-first-us-establishes-permanent-military-base-in-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel,_Bruce2008" class="citation web cs1">Riedel, Bruce (21 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608082333/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/0321_india_riedel.aspx">"Israel & India: New Allies"</a>. Brookings.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/0321_india_riedel.aspx">the original</a> on 8 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+%26+India%3A+New+Allies&rft.pub=Brookings.edu&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft.au=Riedel%2C+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fopinions%2F2008%2F0321_india_riedel.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120919150737/http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3696887,00.html">"ynet article"</a>. ynet article. 20 June 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3696887,00.html">the original</a> on 19 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ynet+article&rft.pub=ynet+article&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3696887%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://netwmd.com/blog/2009/04/22/3955">netwmd article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627171901/http://netwmd.com/blog/2009/04/22/3955">Archived</a> 27 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF140suffolk2009" class="citation web cs1">140suffolk (21 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722141449/http://digg.com/world_news/India_the_Most_Pro_Israel_Country">"digg article"</a>. digg article. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digg.com/world_news/India_the_Most_Pro_Israel_Country">the original</a> on 22 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=digg+article&rft.pub=digg+article&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft.au=140suffolk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigg.com%2Fworld_news%2FIndia_the_Most_Pro_Israel_Country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515003327/http://dover.idf.il/NR/exeres/D9D64F57-94C0-44F3-AE59-6A9C3E2E49BA.htm">"A Little Piece of New Delhi in Haifa"</a>. Dover.idf.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dover.idf.il/NR/exeres/D9D64F57-94C0-44F3-AE59-6A9C3E2E49BA.htm">the original</a> on 15 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Little+Piece+of+New+Delhi+in+Haifa&rft.pub=Dover.idf.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdover.idf.il%2FNR%2Fexeres%2FD9D64F57-94C0-44F3-AE59-6A9C3E2E49BA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JINSA01-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JINSA01_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061107084915/http://www.jinsa.org/articles/articles.html/function/view/categoryid/1948/documentid/1971/history/3%2C2360%2C1947%2C1948%2C1971">"India and Israel Forge a Solid Strategic Alliance"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinsa.org/articles/articles.html/function/view/categoryid/1948/documentid/1971/history/3%2C2360%2C1947%2C1948%2C1971">the original</a> on 7 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+and+Israel+Forge+a+Solid+Strategic+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinsa.org%2Farticles%2Farticles.html%2Ffunction%2Fview%2Fcategoryid%2F1948%2Fdocumentid%2F1971%2Fhistory%2F3%252C2360%252C1947%252C1948%252C1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> by Martin Sherman, The Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103015020/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/israel/israel-commercialrelations.htm">"India-Israel Economic and Commercial Relations"</a>. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/israel/israel-commercialrelations.htm">the original</a> on 3 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India-Israel+Economic+and+Commercial+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ficci.com%2Finternational%2Fcountries%2Fisrael%2Fisrael-commercialrelations.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_170-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221053507/http://hindu.com/2009/02/16/stories/2009021658931100.htm">"Israel largest defence supplier to India: report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 16 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/16/stories/2009021658931100.htm">the original</a> on 21 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Israel+largest+defence+supplier+to+India%3A+report&rft.date=2009-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F02%2F16%2Fstories%2F2009021658931100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3310835,00.html">"Israel arms sales to India top USD 900 million a year"</a>. Yedioth Internet. 4 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513093131/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3310835,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+arms+sales+to+India+top+USD+900+million+a+year&rft.date=2006-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3310835%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensenews.com/osd_story.php?i=3944502">"Israeli Exhibit Among Largest at Show"</a>. Defensenews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+Exhibit+Among+Largest+at+Show&rft.pub=Defensenews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fosd_story.php%3Fi%3D3944502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/05phal.htm">"India, Israel ink the Phalcon deal"</a>. In.rediff.com. 6 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501002120/http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/05phal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%2C+Israel+ink+the+Phalcon+deal&rft.pub=In.rediff.com&rft.date=2004-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Fmar%2F05phal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/International/India-to-finally-receive-Phalcon-AWACS">"India to finally receive Phalcon AWACS – World News – Jerusalem Post"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530033741/https://www.jpost.com/International/India-to-finally-receive-Phalcon-AWACS">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+Jpost.com&rft.atitle=India+to+finally+receive+Phalcon+AWACS+%E2%80%93+World+News+%E2%80%93+Jerusalem+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FIndia-to-finally-receive-Phalcon-AWACS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI_Date:_27_March_2009_Place:_Jerusalem2009" class="citation web cs1">PTI Date: 27 March 2009 Place: Jerusalem (27 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/mar/270309-India-Israel-sign-deal-on-air-defence-system.htm">"India, Israel sign $1.4 bn deal on air defence system"</a>. Mid-day.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090820090853/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/mar/270309-India-Israel-sign-deal-on-air-defence-system.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%2C+Israel+sign+%241.4+bn+deal+on+air+defence+system&rft.pub=Mid-day.com&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.au=PTI+Date%3A+27+March+2009+Place%3A+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mid-day.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2Fmar%2F270309-India-Israel-sign-deal-on-air-defence-system.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost-tecsar-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpost-tecsar_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz,_Yaakov2008" class="citation news cs1">Katz, Yaakov (21 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Spy-satellite-launched-from-India">"Spy satellite launched from India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821191903/https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Spy-satellite-launched-from-India">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Spy+satellite+launched+from+India&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft.au=Katz%2C+Yaakov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FSpy-satellite-launched-from-India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/03/21/india.satellite/index.html?iref=mpstoryview">"India to launch Israel-backed satellite"</a>. CNN. 21 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623221917/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/03/21/india.satellite/index.html?iref=mpstoryview">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India+to+launch+Israel-backed+satellite&rft.date=2009-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2F03%2F21%2Findia.satellite%2Findex.html%3Firef%3Dmpstoryview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIANS2009" class="citation web cs1">IANS (20 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISRO-launches-spy-satellite-RISAT-2/articleshow/4422951.cms">"Spy satellite RISAT takes off from Sriharikota"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ISRO-launches-spy-satellite-RISAT-2/articleshow/4422951.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Spy+satellite+RISAT+takes+off+from+Sriharikota&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft.au=IANS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FISRO-launches-spy-satellite-RISAT-2%2Farticleshow%2F4422951.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegel2009" class="citation news cs1">Spiegel, Peter (1 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-india-israel1-2009feb01,0,4924558.story">"Some see Mumbai terrorism as an attack on India–Israel ties"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090308123450/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-india-israel1-2009feb01,0,4924558.story">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Some+see+Mumbai+terrorism+as+an+attack+on+India%E2%80%93Israel+ties&rft.date=2009-02-01&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-india-israel1-2009feb01%2C0%2C4924558.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-israel-likely-to-hold-joint-antiterror-training-exercises/360288/">"India, Israel likely to hold joint anti-terror training exercises"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 12 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916111458/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/India-Israel-likely-to-hold-joint-antiterror-training-exercises/360288/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=India%2C+Israel+likely+to+hold+joint+anti-terror+training+exercises&rft.date=2008-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Findia-israel-likely-to-hold-joint-antiterror-training-exercises%2F360288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/germany-may-sell-2-more-dolphin-subs-to-israel-for-117b-01528/">"Defense Industry Daily"</a>. Defense Industry Daily. 15 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722151432/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/germany-may-sell-2-more-dolphin-subs-to-israel-for-117b-01528/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense+Industry+Daily&rft.pub=Defense+Industry+Daily&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseindustrydaily.com%2Fgermany-may-sell-2-more-dolphin-subs-to-israel-for-117b-01528%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Boyes2008" class="citation news cs1">Roger Boyes (17 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429092503/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3564572.ece">"Israel welcomes new Germany to a celebration of its 60th birthday"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3564572.ece">the original</a> on 29 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+welcomes+new+Germany+to+a+celebration+of+its+60th+birthday&rft.date=2008-03-17&rft.au=Roger+Boyes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Farticle3564572.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102085725/http://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Organisation/BPOLP/GSG9/Berichte/40-jahre-gsg9.html">"Bundespolizei – GSG 9 der Bundespolizei – 40 Jahre GSG 9 der Bundespolizei"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Organisation/BPOLP/GSG9/Berichte/40-jahre-gsg9.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bundespolizei+%E2%80%93+GSG+9+der+Bundespolizei+%E2%80%93+40+Jahre+GSG+9+der+Bundespolizei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundespolizei.de%2FDE%2F06Die-Bundespolizei%2FOrganisation%2FBPOLP%2FGSG9%2FBerichte%2F40-jahre-gsg9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116084424/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades/Israel-Military-Industries-120-mm-smoothbore-tank-gun-MG251-Israel.html">"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS"</a>. Articles.janes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades/Israel-Military-Industries-120-mm-smoothbore-tank-gun-MG251-Israel.html">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense+%26+Security+Intelligence+%26+Analysis%3A+IHS+Jane%27s+%26%23124%3B+IHS&rft.pub=Articles.janes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.janes.com%2Farticles%2FJanes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades%2FIsrael-Military-Industries-120-mm-smoothbore-tank-gun-MG251-Israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel_germany_nukes1-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_germany_nukes1_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefense_News_Staff2008" class="citation news cs1">Defense News Staff (3 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3800042">"Israel Seeks Missile-Sensing UAV"</a>. <i>Defense News</i>. DefenseNews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defense+News&rft.atitle=Israel+Seeks+Missile-Sensing+UAV&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft.au=Defense+News+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fstory.php%3Fi%3D3800042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel_germany_nukes2-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_germany_nukes2_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLappin2008" class="citation news cs1">Lappin, Yaakov (17 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=120776">"Israel, Germany develop nuclear warning system"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230309/https://ssum-sec.casalemedia.com/usermatch?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2F&s=184674&cb=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.indexww.com%2Fht%2Fhtw-pixel.gif%3F">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Germany+develop+nuclear+warning+system&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft.aulast=Lappin&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FHome%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D120776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/report-britain-places-embargo-on-arms-sales-to-israel-1.47870">"Report: Britain places an embargo on arms sales to Israel"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Israel. 13 April 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100630163459/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/report-britain-places-embargo-on-arms-sales-to-israel-1.47870">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Britain+places+an+embargo+on+arms+sales+to+Israel&rft.date=2002-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Freport-britain-places-embargo-on-arms-sales-to-israel-1.47870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3869789,00.html">"British MPs slam weapons exports to Israel"</a>. <i>ynetnews</i>. 30 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514043215/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3869789,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ynetnews&rft.atitle=British+MPs+slam+weapons+exports+to+Israel&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3869789%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/x238.html">"China defense minister visits Israel".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530034200/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/x238.html">Archived</a> 30 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>World Tribune</i>. Thursday, 21 October 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/analysis-drone-deals-highlight-military-ties-between-israel-and-russia-24061368">"ANALYSIS: Drone deals highlight military ties between Israel and Russia"</a>. <i>Middle East Eye</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407093305/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/analysis-drone-deals-highlight-military-ties-between-israel-and-russia-24061368">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=ANALYSIS%3A+Drone+deals+highlight+military+ties+between+Israel+and+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fanalysis-drone-deals-highlight-military-ties-between-israel-and-russia-24061368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristina_Silva2015" class="citation web cs1">Cristina Silva (8 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/israel-sells-drones-russia-spy-ukraine-border-2086673">"Israel Sells Drones To Russia To Spy On Ukraine Border"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406054327/http://www.ibtimes.com/israel-sells-drones-russia-spy-ukraine-border-2086673">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Sells+Drones+To+Russia+To+Spy+On+Ukraine+Border&rft.date=2015-09-08&rft.au=Cristina+Silva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fisrael-sells-drones-russia-spy-ukraine-border-2086673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/israel-signs-400-million-deal-to-sell-spy-drones-to-russia-1.318972">"Israel Signs $400 Million Deal to Sell Spy Drones to Russia"</a>. <i>Haaretz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161219090458/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/israel-signs-400-million-deal-to-sell-spy-drones-to-russia-1.318972">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=Israel+Signs+%24400+Million+Deal+to+Sell+Spy+Drones+to+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fbusiness%2Fisrael-signs-400-million-deal-to-sell-spy-drones-to-russia-1.318972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Report-Russia-purchased-ten-Israeli-drones-415575">"Report: Moscow purchased 10 Israeli drones"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324222015/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Report-Russia-purchased-ten-Israeli-drones-415575">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+-+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Moscow+purchased+10+Israeli+drones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FPolitics-And-Diplomacy%2FReport-Russia-purchased-ten-Israeli-drones-415575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2015" class="citation news cs1">Pearson, Michael (16 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/16/world/russia-drone-program/">"Russia's resurgent drone program"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329182902/http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/16/world/russia-drone-program">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+resurgent+drone+program&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F10%2F16%2Fworld%2Frussia-drone-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamachandran2004" class="citation news cs1">Ramachandran, Sudha (21 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041224012926/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FL21Ak01.html">"US up in arms over Sino-Israel ties"</a>. <i>Asia Times Online</i>. Archived from the original on 24 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times+Online&rft.atitle=US+up+in+arms+over+Sino-Israel+ties&rft.date=2004-12-21&rft.aulast=Ramachandran&rft.aufirst=Sudha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FFL21Ak01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2010" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Yaakov (22 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=179117">"IDF strengthening ties with Chinese military"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626102614/http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=179117">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+strengthening+ties+with+Chinese+military&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D179117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov_Katz2012" class="citation news cs1">Yaakov Katz (5 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Features/FrontLines/Article.aspx?id=276460">"Security and Defense: The Chinese connection"</a>. <i>Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722151138/http://www.jpost.com/Features/FrontLines/Article.aspx?id=276460">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Security+and+Defense%3A+The+Chinese+connection&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft.au=Yaakov+Katz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FFeatures%2FFrontLines%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D276460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">^ "Cyprus helps aid teams at huge forest fire". Famagusta-gazette.com. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShamah2012" class="citation news cs1">Shamah, David (17 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-plane-violates-turkish-cypriot-airspace/">"Turkey claims it chased Israeli jet out of Northern Cyprus"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606102722/http://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-plane-violates-turkish-cypriot-airspace/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Turkey+claims+it+chased+Israeli+jet+out+of+Northern+Cyprus&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft.aulast=Shamah&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisraeli-plane-violates-turkish-cypriot-airspace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11556442">Israel woos Greece after rift with Turkey</a> BBC, 16 October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defense-update.com/20110506_precision_attack.html">"The High Cost of Precision Attack - Defense Update"</a>. 6 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+High+Cost+of+Precision+Attack+-+Defense+Update&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdefense-update.com%2F20110506_precision_attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzweek.com/world/israel-to-host-massive-intl-air-combat-exercise-40633/">"Israel to host massive int'l air combat exercise"</a>. 3 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+to+host+massive+int%27l+air+combat+exercise&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzweek.com%2Fworld%2Fisrael-to-host-massive-intl-air-combat-exercise-40633%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-greece-defence-idUSTRE67G50P20100817">"Israel and Greece seek to expand military ties"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+and+Greece+seek+to+expand+military+ties&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-greece-defence-idUSTRE67G50P20100817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeffer2011" class="citation web cs1">Pfeffer, Anshel (12 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-hosts-greek-air-force-for-joint-excercise-1.401009">"Israel Hosts Greek Air Force for Joint Exercise"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+Hosts+Greek+Air+Force+for+Joint+Exercise&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft.aulast=Pfeffer&rft.aufirst=Anshel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fisrael-hosts-greek-air-force-for-joint-excercise-1.401009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.top-hotels-gr.com/en/defencegreece.html">"Defence news from Greece and Cyprus"</a>. <i>www.top-hotels-gr.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top-hotels-gr.com&rft.atitle=Defence+news+from+Greece+and+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.top-hotels-gr.com%2Fen%2Fdefencegreece.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-us-and-greece-begin-annual-naval-exercise/">"Israel, US and Greece begin annual naval exercise"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+US+and+Greece+begin+annual+naval+exercise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisrael-us-and-greece-begin-annual-naval-exercise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512231400/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130307/israel-us-and-greece-launch-joint-naval-exercise">"Israel, US and Greece launch joint naval exercise"</a>. <i>GlobalPost</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130307/israel-us-and-greece-launch-joint-naval-exercise">the original</a> on 12 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GlobalPost&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+US+and+Greece+launch+joint+naval+exercise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fafp%2F130307%2Fisrael-us-and-greece-launch-joint-naval-exercise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=305670">"IDF begins joint naval exercise in Mediterranean"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com</i>. 7 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+-+JPost.com&rft.atitle=IDF+begins+joint+naval+exercise+in+Mediterranean&rft.date=2010-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FHeadlines%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D305670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-uae-to-fly-together-in-greek-air-force-exercise/">"Israel, UAE to fly together in Greek air force exercise"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. 27 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+UAE+to+fly+together+in+Greek+air+force+exercise&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisrael-uae-to-fly-together-in-greek-air-force-exercise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.gr/2017/03/28/eidhseis-diethnes-politikh-pilotoi-iniohos-2017_n_15659376.html">"Pilots from Greece, USA, Italy, Israel and the United Arab Emirates in the "Iniochus 2017" (Πιλότοι από την Ελλάδα, τις ΗΠΑ, την Ιταλία, το Ισραήλ και τα Ηνωμένα Αραβικά Εμιράτα στον "Ηνίοχο 2017")"</a>. The Huffington Post Greece. 28 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilots+from+Greece%2C+USA%2C+Italy%2C+Israel+and+the+United+Arab+Emirates+in+the+%22Iniochus+2017%22+%28%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%2C+%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91%2C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%2C+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1+%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD+%22%CE%97%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BF+2017%22%29&rft.pub=The+Huffington+Post+Greece&rft.date=2017-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.gr%2F2017%2F03%2F28%2Feidhseis-diethnes-politikh-pilotoi-iniohos-2017_n_15659376.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nechmani, 1988, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pipes, 1997, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2011" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Yaakov (24 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=235160">"Despite strained ties, IDF attache welcomed in Turkey"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117112424/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=235160">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Despite+strained+ties%2C+IDF+attache+welcomed+in+Turkey&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D235160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2012-04-01/ty-article/israel-greece-conduct-joint-naval-drill-amid-ongoing-tension-with-turkey/0000017f-e691-df2c-a1ff-fed1a2ad0000">"Israel, Greece Conduct Joint Naval Drill Amid Ongoing Tension With Turkey"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Greece+Conduct+Joint+Naval+Drill+Amid+Ongoing+Tension+With+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2012-04-01%2Fty-article%2Fisrael-greece-conduct-joint-naval-drill-amid-ongoing-tension-with-turkey%2F0000017f-e691-df2c-a1ff-fed1a2ad0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/28827">"Israel to Stage Naval Drill with US, Greece"</a>. <i>Israel Defense</i>. 13 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Defense&rft.atitle=Israel+to+Stage+Naval+Drill+with+US%2C+Greece&rft.date=2017-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israeldefense.co.il%2Fen%2Fnode%2F28827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/defense/turkey-absent-again-from-naval-drills-with-israel-us">"Turkey absent again from naval drills with Israel, US"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>. 4 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%7C+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Turkey+absent+again+from+naval+drills+with+Israel%2C+US&rft.date=2011-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fdefense%2Fturkey-absent-again-from-naval-drills-with-israel-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2013" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Yaakov (9 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=232401">"Turkey absent again from naval drills with Israel, US"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117112322/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=232401">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+absent+again+from+naval+drills+with+Israel%2C+US&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D232401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.az/articles/politics/30558">"interview with Norma Zager"</a>. News.az. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116073136/http://www.news.az/articles/politics/30558">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=interview+with+Norma+Zager&rft.pub=News.az&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.az%2Farticles%2Fpolitics%2F30558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2287">"Good Relations between Azerbaijan and Israel: A Model for Other Muslim States in Eurasia?"</a>. Washingtoninstitute.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821072044/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2287">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Good+Relations+between+Azerbaijan+and+Israel%3A+A+Model+for+Other+Muslim+States+in+Eurasia%3F&rft.pub=Washingtoninstitute.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2FtemplateC05.php%3FCID%3D2287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane's Defence Weekly, 16 October 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOra_Coren2009" class="citation news cs1">Ora Coren (29 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004040420/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1096354.html">"Aeronautics to build plant in Azerbaijan"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1096354.html">the original</a> on 4 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Aeronautics+to+build+plant+in+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2009-06-29&rft.au=Ora+Coren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1096354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/industries/israel-signs-deal-to-provide-azerbaijan-with-16-billion-in-military-equipment/2012/02/26/gIQAjtmQbR_story.html">Israel signs deal to provide Azerbaijan with $1.6 billion in military equipment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226224207/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/industries/israel-signs-deal-to-provide-azerbaijan-with-16-billion-in-military-equipment/2012/02/26/gIQAjtmQbR_story.html">Archived</a> 26 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 26 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FP_2012-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FP_2012_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2012" class="citation news cs1">Perry, mark (28 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/28/israel_s_secret_staging_ground?page=full">"Israel's Secret Staging Ground"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331205424/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/28/israel_s_secret_staging_ground?page=full">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Secret+Staging+Ground&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F03%2F28%2Fisrael_s_secret_staging_ground%3Fpage%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Grove2012" class="citation news cs1">Thomas Grove (30 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-israel-azerbaijan-idUSBRE88T05L20120930">"Azerbaijan eyes aiding Israel against Iran"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171023/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/30/us-iran-israel-azerbaijan-idUSBRE88T05L20120930">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+eyes+aiding+Israel+against+Iran&rft.date=2012-09-30&rft.au=Thomas+Grove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-israel-azerbaijan-idUSBRE88T05L20120930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amnesty-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amnesty_225-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608181340/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/arms-embargo-vital-gaza-civilian-toll-mounts-20090115">"Arms embargo vital as Gaza civilian toll mounts"</a>. Amnesty.org. 15 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/arms-embargo-vital-gaza-civilian-toll-mounts-20090115">the original</a> on 8 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arms+embargo+vital+as+Gaza+civilian+toll+mounts&rft.pub=Amnesty.org&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-updates%2Fnews%2Farms-embargo-vital-gaza-civilian-toll-mounts-20090115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratfor.com/sitrep/israel_georgia_israel_halt_arms_sales_georgia">Israel, Georgia: Israel To Halt Arms Sales To Georgia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091010124713/http://www.stratfor.com/sitrep/israel_georgia_israel_halt_arms_sales_georgia">Archived</a> 10 October 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive. Stratfor. 5 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/News/today/10/10/2503.htm">Head of Defense Ministry Meets with Colombian President</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027074553/http://dover.idf.il/IDF/English/News/today/10/10/2503.htm">Archived</a> 27 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, IDF Spokesperson's Unit 25 October 2010</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Marcus, Raphael D. <i>Israel's Long War with Hezbollah: Military Innovation and Adaptation under Fire</i> (Georgetown UP, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=53526">Online review</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal,_Donna2003" class="citation book cs1">Rosenthal, Donna (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelisordinary00rose"><i>The Israelis</i></a></span>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7035-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7035-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-7035-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israelis&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7035-9&rft.au=Rosenthal%2C+Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelisordinary00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstfeld,_Zehava1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ostfeld, Zehava (1994). Shiftel, Shoshana (ed.). <i>צבא נולד : שלבים עיקריים בבניית הצבא בהנהגתו של דוד בן־גוריון / Tsava nolad : shelavim ʻiḳariyim bi-veniyat ha-tsava be-hanhagato shel Daṿid Ben-Guryon</i> [<i>An Army Is Born</i>] (in Hebrew). Israel Ministry of Defense. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-05-0695-7"><bdi>978-965-05-0695-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90+%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93+%3A+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90+%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%AA%D7%95+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%91%D7%9F%D6%BE%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F+%2F+Tsava+nolad+%3A+shelavim+%CA%BBi%E1%B8%B3ariyim+bi-veniyat+ha-tsava+be-hanhagato+shel+Da%E1%B9%BFid+Ben-Guryon&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Defense&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-965-05-0695-7&rft.au=Ostfeld%2C+Zehava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelber,_Yoav1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Gelber, Yoav</a> (1986). <i>Nucleus for a Standing Army</i> (in Hebrew). Yad Ben Tzvi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nucleus+for+a+Standing+Army&rft.pub=Yad+Ben+Tzvi&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Gelber%2C+Yoav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehuda_Shif1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yehuda Shif, ed. (1982). <i>IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia</i>. 18 volumes (in Hebrew). Revivim Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IDF+in+Its+Corps%3A+Army+and+Security+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Revivim+Publishing&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Tira2009" class="citation book cs1">Ron Tira, ed. (2009). <i>The Nature of War: Conflicting Paradigms and Israeli Military Effectiveness</i>. Sussex Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-378-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-378-2"><bdi>978-1-84519-378-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+War%3A+Conflicting+Paradigms+and+Israeli+Military+Effectiveness&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84519-378-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsrael+Defense+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Roislien, Hanne Eggen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afs.sagepub.com/content/39/2/213.abstract">"Religion and Military Conscription: The Case of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_%26_Society" title="Armed Forces & Society">Armed Forces & Society</a></i> <b>39</b>, No. 3, pp. 213–232.</li> <li>"Country Briefing: Israel", <i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Defence_Weekly" title="Jane's Defence Weekly">Jane's Defence Weekly</a></i>, 19 June 1996</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Israel Defense Forces</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/IDF" class="extiw" title="wikt:IDF">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Israel_Defense_Forces" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Israel Defense Forces">Media</a> from Commons</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idf.il/en">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58967#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/IDF">Israel Defense Forces</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israel_Defense_Forces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Template:Israel Defense Forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Template talk:Israel Defense Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israel Defense Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel_Defense_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel Defense Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arms_/_commands_/_directorates_/_attachés" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Arms / commands / directorates / attachés</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Sea Corps (Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ground_Forces" title="Israeli Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(Israel)" title="Northern Command (Israel)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(Israel)" title="Central Command (Israel)">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(Israel)" title="Southern Command (Israel)">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Front_Command" title="Home Front Command">Home Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Directorate" title="Operations Directorate">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Directorate" title="Personnel Directorate">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Directorate" title="Planning Directorate">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_and_Third-Circle_Directorate" title="Strategy and Third-Circle Directorate">Strategy and Third-Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_Logistics_Directorate" title="Technological and Logistics Directorate">Technological and Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Service_Directorate" title="Computer Service Directorate">Computer Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_Corps" title="Depth Corps">Depth Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Attach%C3%A9" title="Attaché">Attachés</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Advisor_to_the_Chief_of_Staff" title="Financial Advisor to the Chief of Staff">Financial advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Affair_Advisor_to_the_Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender Affair Advisor to the Chief of Staff">Gender Affair Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Advocate_General" title="Military Advocate General">Military Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Corps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Corps</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ground_Forces" title="Israeli Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Corps_(Israel)" title="Infantry Corps (Israel)">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_Corps_(Israel)" title="Armored Corps (Israel)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_Corps_(Israel)" title="Artillery Corps (Israel)">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Combat_Engineering_Corps" title="Israeli Combat Engineering Corps">Combat Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Intelligence_Collection_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Intelligence Collection Corps">Combat Intelligence Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Infantry brigades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oz_Brigade" title="Oz Brigade">Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratroopers_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratroopers Brigade">Paratroopers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Brigade" title="Nahal Brigade">Nahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfir_Brigade" title="Kfir Brigade">Kfir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Armor brigades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="7th Armored Brigade (Israel)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/188th_Armored_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="188th Armored Brigade">188th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/401st_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="401st Brigade">401st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/460th_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="460th Brigade">460th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Combat support<br />and rear-front</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_Maintenance_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology and Maintenance Corps">Technology and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Corps_(Israel)" title="Medical Corps (Israel)">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Corps" title="Israeli Intelligence Corps">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C4I_Corps" title="C4I Corps">C4I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_and_Youth_Corps" title="Education and Youth Corps">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjutant_Corps" title="Adjutant Corps">Adjutant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_Corps" title="Logistics Corps">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(Israel)" title="Military Police Corps (Israel)">Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Rabbinate" title="Military Rabbinate">Rabbinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Corps_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Corps (Israel)">General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Divisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Divisions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Regular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_Division_(Israel)" title="36th Division (Israel)">36th Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Paratroopers_Division" title="98th Paratroopers Division">98th Paratroopers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162nd_Division_(Israel)" title="162nd Division (Israel)">162nd Armored</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Territorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/80th_Division_(Israel)" title="80th Division (Israel)">80th Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Division_(Israel)" title="91st Division (Israel)">91st Galil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Division" title="Gaza Division">143rd Fire Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/210th_Division_(Israel)" title="210th Division (Israel)">210th Bashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Division" title="Judea and Samaria Division">877th Judea and Samaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Reserve</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/99th_Infantry_Division_(Israel)" title="99th Infantry Division (Israel)">99th Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/146th_Division_(Israel)" title="146th Division (Israel)">146th Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Division">252nd Armored</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Insignia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Insignia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_insignia" title="Israel Defense Forces insignia">Berets, units symbols and uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_ranks" title="Israel Defense Forces ranks">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Israel#Military_and_Police_flags" title="List of flags of Israel">Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="History of the Israel Defense Forces">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Israeli_Air_Force" title="History of the Israeli Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israel_Defense_Forces_operations" title="List of Israel Defense Forces operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_IDF" class="mw-redirect" title="Refusal to serve in the IDF">Refusal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_Israel" title="Special forces of Israel">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Radio">Army Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Order" title="Israeli Military Order">Israeli Military Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Israel Defense Forces">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_checkpoint" title="Israeli checkpoint">Checkpoints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_military_prison" title="Israeli military prison">Military prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Israel and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel" title="Nuclear weapons and Israel">Nuclear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_security_forces" title="Israeli security forces">Security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_and_Defense_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee">Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDF_Code_of_Ethics" title="IDF Code of Ethics">IDF Code of Ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" title="Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Israel&#124;link=Israel_Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Israel" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel">Orders, decorations, and medals of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_decoration" title="State decoration">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg/45px-Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg/68px-Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg/90px-Israel_president%27s_medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Medal_(Israel)" title="President's Medal (Israel)">President's Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defence Forces">Israel<br />Defence Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military decorations">International</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg/45px-Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg/68px-Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg/90px-Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation_-_ISRAEL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_Medal_of_Appreciation" title="Chief of Staff Medal of Appreciation">Chief of Staff Medal of Appreciation</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Service_in_Israel_Medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Service_in_Israel_Medal.png/45px-Service_in_Israel_Medal.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Service_in_Israel_Medal.png/68px-Service_in_Israel_Medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Service_in_Israel_Medal.png/90px-Service_in_Israel_Medal.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Service_in_Israel_Medal" title="Service in Israel Medal">Service in Israel Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military decorations">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_Valor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Medal_of_Valor.svg/45px-Medal_of_Valor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Medal_of_Valor.svg/68px-Medal_of_Valor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Medal_of_Valor.svg/90px-Medal_of_Valor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Valor_(Israel)" title="Medal of Valor (Israel)">Medal of Valor</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hero_Of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hero_Of_Israel.svg/45px-Hero_Of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hero_Of_Israel.svg/68px-Hero_Of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hero_Of_Israel.svg/90px-Hero_Of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Israel" title="Hero of Israel">Hero of Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_Courage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Medal_of_Courage.svg/45px-Medal_of_Courage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Medal_of_Courage.svg/68px-Medal_of_Courage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Medal_of_Courage.svg/90px-Medal_of_Courage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Courage" title="Medal of Courage">Medal of Courage</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg/45px-Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg/68px-Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg/90px-Medal_of_Distinguished_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Distinguished_Service" title="Medal of Distinguished Service">Medal of Distinguished Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israeli_military_decorations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military decorations">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militaries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militaries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Militaries of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Armenia" title="Armed Forces of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Defence_Force" title="Bahrain Defence Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bhutan" title="Military of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Brunei Armed Forces">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Armed_Forces" title="Jordanian Armed Forces">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait Military Forces">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Armed_Forces" title="Mongolian Armed Forces">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Armed_Forces" title="Qatar Armed Forces">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Armed_Forces" title="Sri Lanka Armed Forces">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste_Defence_Force" title="Timor Leste Defence Force">Timor Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Turkmenistan" title="Armed Forces of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Armed_Forces" title="United Arab Emirates Armed Forces">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Yemen Armed Forces">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Ossetia" title="Armed Forces of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies and other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israel_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israel_topics" title="Template:Israel topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israel_topics" title="Template talk:Israel topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israel_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israel topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israel_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Israel-related_articles" title="Index of Israel-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British mandate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Israeli_history" title="Timeline of Israeli history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Israel" title="List of years in Israel">by year</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Israel" title="Borders of Israel">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Israel" title="List of lakes of Israel">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="National parks and nature reserves of Israel">National parks and nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Israel" title="List of rivers of Israel">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Israel" title="Wildlife of Israel">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_law" title="Israeli law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Israel" title="Judiciary of Israel">Judiciary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_system_of_government" title="Israeli system of government">System of government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_security_forces" title="Israeli security forces">Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Israel" title="Censorship in Israel">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Israel" title="Civil defense in Israel">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Israel)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)">Aman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Israel Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Structure of the Israel Defense Forces">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">West Bank barrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Israel" title="Economy of Israel">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Israel" title="Agriculture in Israel">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Israel" title="Banking in Israel">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Israel" title="List of companies of Israel">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_industry_in_Israel" title="Diamond industry in Israel">Diamond industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Israel" title="Energy in Israel">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Israel" title="Science and technology in Israel">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Israel" title="Taxation in Israel">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange" title="Tel Aviv Stock Exchange">Tel Aviv Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" title="Tourism in Israel">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Israel" title="Transport in Israel">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Israel" title="Water supply and sanitation in Israel">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Israel" title="Category:Society of Israel">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Israel" title="Crime in Israel">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Israel" title="Demographics of Israel">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Israel" title="Education in Israel">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Israel" title="Healthcare in Israel">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" title="Human rights in Israel">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Israel">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Israel" title="Languages of Israel">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language_in_Israel" title="Arabic language in Israel">Arabic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_Israel" title="Standard of living in Israel">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Israel" title="Women in Israel">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Feminism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Israel" title="Culture of Israel">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Israel" title="Archaeology of Israel">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Israel" title="Architecture of Israel">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Israel" title="Mass media in Israel">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_museums" title="List of Israeli museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_Israel" title="List of national symbols of Israel">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Israel" title="Public holidays in Israel">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Israel" title="Sport in Israel">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_in_Israel" title="Visual arts in Israel">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Israel">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Israel" title="Outline of Israel">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Israel-related_articles" title="Index of Israel-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israel" title="Category:Israel">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58967#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58967#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58967#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406487702">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149644300">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147074738">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/540760/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1031708-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80009942">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646325">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646325">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35237791">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Izrael. Tseva haganah le-Yiśraʼel"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=olak2010488666&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007299158005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058618546306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02783221X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&oldid=1257006202">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&oldid=1257006202</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Category:Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_establishments_in_Israel" title="Category:1948 establishments in Israel">1948 establishments in Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1948" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1948">Military units and formations established in 1948</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israel_Prize_in_education_recipients" title="Category:Israel Prize in education recipients">Israel Prize in education recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israel_Prize_recipients_that_are_organizations" title="Category:Israel Prize recipients that are organizations">Israel Prize recipients that are organizations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2017">Articles with dead external links from November 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2021">Articles with dead external links from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_other_archives" title="Category:Webarchive template other archives">Webarchive template other archives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2017">Use dmy dates from May 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use American English from September 2021">Use American English from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2013" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2013">Articles needing additional references from January 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2017">Articles needing additional references from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2010" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2024">Articles needing additional references from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2024">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 18:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_Defense_Forces&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9bpbq","wgBackendResponseTime":280,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.456","walltime":"2.897","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16816,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":560899,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26296,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":71,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":775456,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2367.837 1 -total"," 45.46% 1076.324 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.10% 428.641 102 Template:Cite_web"," 11.61% 274.985 61 Template:Cite_news"," 6.84% 162.012 1 Template:Infobox_national_military"," 6.59% 156.125 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.93% 140.328 14 Template:Cite_book"," 4.58% 108.368 6 Template:Langx"," 4.06% 96.070 1 Template:Israel_Defense_Forces"," 3.94% 93.340 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_sections"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.367","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25499461,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","22.4"],["?","260","17.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","9.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","3.9"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","40","2.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.6"],["[others]","440","28.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zcwrk","timestamp":"20241122140435","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Israel Defense Forces","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel_Defense_Forces","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58967","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58967","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-06T07:02:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T18:16:26Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c0\/Badge_of_the_Israeli_Defense_Forces_2022_version.svg","headline":"combined military forces of Israel"}</script> </body> </html>