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<span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_in_Buruburu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_in_Buruburu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Education in Buruburu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_in_Buruburu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_and_illegal_sprawl_in_Buruburu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_and_illegal_sprawl_in_Buruburu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Urban and illegal sprawl in Buruburu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_and_illegal_sprawl_in_Buruburu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Buruburu</b> is a housing estate within <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> City County in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buruburu is a vast development inhabited by lower <a href="/wiki/Middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class">middle-class</a> people. The estate was designed in 1974 and comprises six phases, with the fifth completed in the mid-1980s. The estate is an expansive settlement which spreads over 85 ha, and located 8 km outside the Nairobi Central Business District.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its proximity to the city, the estate has attracted populations from every walks of life. This has led to the proliferation of trade and other home-based enterprises (HBEs) in the estate.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The houses in Buruburu resemble modern architecture of white buildings with striking orange tiled roof tops. Buruburu gave rise to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Sheng_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheng (linguistics)">Sheng</a>, a language spoken by virtually all of Nairobi's youth. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buruburu was built for middle-income populations during the 1970s and 1980s and inhabited by Kenyan business people, government officials, professionals and a few expatriates on short-term assignments. The estate has been built on area, historically associated with low-income groups. Prior to the establishment of the estate, the post-colonial government had built rental housings that predominantly attracted high-income groups. Buruburu estate was established to abandon rental housing policy in favor of home ownership through tenant purchase and mortgage programs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was based on five phases and took ten years to complete in 1983. </p><p>The origins of Buruburu estate can be traced back to the 1962 Regional Commission which advocated the eastward expansion of Nairobi for housing and development.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program was earmarked for the Nairobi emerging middle-class, and adopted the mortgage housing finance strategy. The Buruburu program also marked the government's policy shift from rental and tenant purchase housing schemes. In the designing and planning of the Buruburu estate, the key institutional actors were Nairobi City Council (NCC); the Central Government; and, the British <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Development Corporation">Commonwealth Development Corporation</a> (CDC).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The estate comprises five phases of 1000 units each. The houses were mainly two storey maisonettes with 3-4 bedrooms, and 2-3 bedroom bungalows. However, due to its proximity to </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plots' sizes in Buruburu vary from 6 to 10.5 meters in width, and 20 to 24 meters in length. This ratio of 1:3 to 1:4 falls under the guidelines and recommendations of Urbanization Primer.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estate consists of five phases. Each phase house an average of 943 dwellings that vary in scale from 2 to 4 bedrooms in each dwelling unit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burburu has a wide range of infrastructure, including medical institutions, banks, educational institutions, churches, a mall and a variety of shops. There are three main roads: Rabai Road, Jogoo Road and Mumias South Road. The mobile coverage available includes Orange, Safaricom, Airtel and Ericsson. There are also four digital broadcast channels available: DSTV, GoTV, Zuku, and Startimes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_in_Buruburu">Education in Buruburu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education in Buruburu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many private preschools in Buruburu, as well as a large amount of public and private primary and secondary education schools. There are additionally several tertiary institutions including the East African school of Theology, IAT, Shepherds college, AUSI, Buruburu Institute of Fine Arts, SOS Technical Institute and unity College.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_and_illegal_sprawl_in_Buruburu">Urban and illegal sprawl in Buruburu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urban and illegal sprawl in Buruburu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its completion, Buruburu has experienced massive constructions and extensions which mostly do not follow the guidelines and regulations prescribed in the site coverage and plot ratio criteria. Research shows that about 60% of the extensions in the estate do not conform to the construction laws of the estate while only 35% of the development works have been done with professional guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRukwaroKieti2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rukwaro, Robert W.; Kieti, Raphael M. (2019-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2018.1489212">"Spatial design parameters for residential extensions: the case of Buru Buru estate in Nairobi, Kenya"</a>. <i>Architectural Engineering and Design Management</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 29–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17452007.2018.1489212">10.1080/17452007.2018.1489212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1745-2007">1745-2007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:116842268">116842268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+Engineering+and+Design+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+design+parameters+for+residential+extensions%3A+the+case+of+Buru+Buru+estate+in+Nairobi%2C+Kenya&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-47&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A116842268%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1745-2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17452007.2018.1489212&rft.aulast=Rukwaro&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Kieti%2C+Raphael+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F17452007.2018.1489212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuruburu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakachia2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Makachia, Peter A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/14632"><i>Transformation of housing in Nairobi Dweller Initiated Transformations in Formal Housing in Nairobi Estates with Case Studies of Kaloleni and Buru-Buru Estates</i></a> (Thesis thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Transformation+of+housing+in+Nairobi+Dweller+Initiated+Transformations+in+Formal+Housing+in+Nairobi+Estates+with+Case+Studies+of+Kaloleni+and+Buru-Buru+Estates&rft.degree=Thesis&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Makachia&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferepository.uonbi.ac.ke%2Fhandle%2F11295%2F14632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuruburu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC2008" class="citation book cs1">C, PROF. ANYAMBA TOM TEBESI (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.uonbi.ac.ke/tomanyamba/publications/spatial-transformations-nairobi-study-nairobi%E2%80%99s-urban-process"><i>Diverse Informalities</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diverse+Informalities&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=C&rft.aufirst=PROF.+ANYAMBA+TOM+TEBESI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofiles.uonbi.ac.ke%2Ftomanyamba%2Fpublications%2Fspatial-transformations-nairobi-study-nairobi%25E2%2580%2599s-urban-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuruburu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress" class="citation web cs1">Press, The MIT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/urbanization-primer">"Urbanization Primer | The MIT Press"</a>. <i>mitpress.mit.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mitpress.mit.edu&rft.atitle=Urbanization+Primer+%7C+The+MIT+Press&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=The+MIT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmitpress.mit.edu%2Fbooks%2Furbanization-primer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuruburu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=lcl&q=buruburu+tertiary+educATION">"Buruburu Tertiary Education"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buruburu+Tertiary+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Ftbm%3Dlcl%26q%3Dburuburu%2Btertiary%2BeducATION&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuruburu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&oldid=1145999452">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buruburu&oldid=1145999452</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suburbs_of_Nairobi" title="Category:Suburbs of Nairobi">Suburbs of Nairobi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_reorganization_from_November_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from November 2018">Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_November_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from November 2018">Wikipedia articles with style issues from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_style_issues" title="Category:All articles with style issues">All articles with style issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed_from_November_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from November 2018">Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_excessively_detailed" title="Category:All articles that are excessively detailed">All articles that are excessively detailed</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 March 2023, at 05:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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