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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tidiga_arbeten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidiga_arbeten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tidiga arbeten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidiga_arbeten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>I Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pons_och_Fleischmann_återuppväcker_idén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pons_och_Fleischmann_återuppväcker_idén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pons och Fleischmann återuppväcker idén</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pons_och_Fleischmann_återuppväcker_idén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pågående_arbeten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pågående_arbeten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pågående arbeten</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pågående_arbeten-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Pågående arbeten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pågående_arbeten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanskt_engagemang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanskt_engagemang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Japanskt engagemang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanskt_engagemang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>I USA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italien_–_Kall_fusion_av_nickel-väte_(Ni-H)?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italien_–_Kall_fusion_av_nickel-väte_(Ni-H)?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Italien – Kall fusion av nickel-väte (Ni-H)?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italien_–_Kall_fusion_av_nickel-väte_(Ni-H)?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grekland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grekland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Grekland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grekland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andra_metoder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andra_metoder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Andra metoder</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Andra_metoder-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Andra metoder</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Andra_metoder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kall_fusion_med_myoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kall_fusion_med_myoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kall fusion med myoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kall_fusion_med_myoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Årlig_internationell_konferens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Årlig_internationell_konferens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Årlig internationell konferens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Årlig_internationell_konferens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kall fusion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 35 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="اندماج بارد – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اندماج بارد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Студен термоядрен синтез – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Студен термоядрен синтез" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusi%C3%B3_freda" title="Fusió freda – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusió freda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studen%C3%A1_f%C3%BAze" title="Studená fúze – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Studená fúze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kold_fusion" title="Kold fusion – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kold fusion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalte_Fusion" title="Kalte Fusion – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalte Fusion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cold fusion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusi%C3%B3n_fr%C3%ADa" title="Fusión fría – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fusión fría" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="گداخت سرد – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گداخت سرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_froide" title="Fusion froide – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fusion froide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhle%C3%A1_fuar" title="Comhleá fuar – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhleá fuar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%98%A8_%ED%95%B5%EC%9C%B5%ED%95%A9" title="상온 핵융합 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상온 핵융합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladna_fuzija" title="Hladna fuzija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hladna fuzija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusi_dingin" title="Fusi dingin – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fusi dingin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusione_nucleare_fredda" title="Fusione nucleare fredda – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fusione nucleare fredda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="היתוך קר – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היתוך קר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidegf%C3%BAzi%C3%B3" title="Hidegfúzió – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hidegfúzió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Ладно соединување – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ладно соединување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koude_kernfusie" title="Koude kernfusie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koude kernfusie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="常温核融合 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="常温核融合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kald_fusjon" title="Kald fusjon – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kald fusjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kald_fusjon" title="Kald fusjon – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kald fusjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovuq_sintez" title="Sovuq sintez – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sovuq sintez" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%93_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B4" title="سوړ کیمیاوي جوش – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوړ کیمیاوي جوش" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimna_fuzja" title="Zimna fuzja – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zimna fuzja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o_a_frio" title="Fusão a frio – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fusão a frio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Холодный ядерный синтез – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холодный ядерный синтез" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cold fusion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studen%C3%A1_f%C3%BAzia" title="Studená fúzia – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Studená fúzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hladna_fuzija" title="Hladna fuzija – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hladna fuzija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хладна фузија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хладна фузија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylm%C3%A4fuusio" title="Kylmäfuusio – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kylmäfuusio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C4%9Fuk_f%C3%BCzyon" title="Soğuk füzyon – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Soğuk füzyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Холодний синтез – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Холодний синтез" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="冷核聚变 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冷核聚变" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kall_fusion" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Kall_fusion" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Kall fusion</b> är ett hypotetiskt fysikaliskt fenomen, där sammansmältning, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rnfusion" title="Kärnfusion">fusion</a>, av <a href="/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4rna" title="Atomkärna">atomkärnor</a> förmodas ske vid förhållandevis låg <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a> och lågt <a href="/wiki/Tryck" title="Tryck">tryck</a>, till skillnad från vanlig fusion som sker vid mycket höga temperaturer, till exempel i <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">solen</a>. Kall fusion av <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">vätekärnor</a> skulle kunna ge näst intill gratis <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>, eftersom man kan använda vanligt <a href="/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten">vatten</a> som bränsle. Rådande teorier pekar på att kall fusion är omöjligt, men vissa forskare hävdar att det finns experiment som demonstrerar kall fusion. Ett aktuellt men ifrågasatt exempel på ett sådant experiment är <a href="/wiki/Energy_Catalyzer" title="Energy Catalyzer">Energy Catalyzer</a> ("Energikatalysator", E-Cat). E-Cat är en uppfinning av en italiensk entreprenör vid namn <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Rossi" title="Andrea Rossi">Andrea Rossi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oberoende forskare har dock aldrig kunnat upprepa resultaten. Den vanligaste experimentella uppsättningen är någon sorts <a href="/wiki/Elektrolytisk_cell" title="Elektrolytisk cell">elektrolytisk cell</a>. Andra metoder har prövat en typ av termisk <a href="/wiki/Katalys" title="Katalys">katalys</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemisk_reaktor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemisk reaktor [inte skriven än]">reaktor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myon" title="Myon">myon</a><a href="/wiki/Katalys" title="Katalys">katalys</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Ultraljud" title="Ultraljud">ultraljudsinducerad</a> <a href="/wiki/Kavitation" title="Kavitation">kavitation</a>. </p><p>Eftersom det finns en lång historia av bedrägerier i samband med fritt tillgänglig energi, har forskarvärlden intagit en kraftigt skeptisk hållning till alla nya påståenden om lyckad kall fusion.<sup id="cite_ref-Park2000_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Park2000-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termen "kall fusion" myntades av Paul Palmer vid <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a> 1986 i samband med undersökningar kring "geo-fusion," eller den möjliga existensen av fusion i en <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> kärna.<sup id="cite_ref-Kowalski_2004_IIA2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kowalski_2004_IIA2-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidiga_arbeten">Tidiga arbeten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tidiga arbeten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tidiga arbeten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intresset att ur väte kunna tillverka helium växte fram på 1920-talet som en möjlighet att till låg kostnad få fram en säkrare lyftgas till <a href="/wiki/Luftskepp" title="Luftskepp">luftskepp</a> än <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">väte</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladiums</a> speciella förmåga att absorbera <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">väte</a> hade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Graham_(kemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Graham (kemist) [inte skriven än]">Thomas Graham</a> insett redan på 1800-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE_1989_7-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kall fusion kom därför huvudsakligen att kretsa runt idén att <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> (eller <a href="/wiki/Titan_(grund%C3%A4mne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (grundämne)">titan</a>) skulle kunna <a href="/wiki/Katalys" title="Katalys">katalysera</a> fusion genom dessa metallers speciella egenskap att kunna absorbera stora mängder <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4te" title="Väte">väte</a>, inklusive dess <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>. Hoppet stod till att <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuteriumatomer</a> skulle komma tillräckligt nära samman för att inducera fusion vid vanliga temperaturer.<sup id="cite_ref-LADN_092489_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LADN_092489-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_Sverige">I Sverige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: I Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: I Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 1927 hävdade den <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">svenske</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker">fysikern</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tandberg" title="John Tandberg">John Tandberg</a> att han hade lyckats smälta samman väte under tryck till <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> i en <a href="/wiki/Elektrolytisk_cell" title="Elektrolytisk cell">elektrolytisk cell</a> med palladium<a href="/wiki/Elektrod" title="Elektrod">elektroder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE_1989_7-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På basis av detta arbete ansökte han om svenskt <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> för "<i>a method to produce helium and useful reaction energy</i>". Samtidigt hade två <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tyska</a> vetenskapsmän, <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Paneth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Paneth [inte skriven än]">F. Paneth</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Peters [inte skriven än]">K. Peters</a> rapporterat om transformation av väte till <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> genom spontan kärnkatalys, då väte fick adsorberas av finfördelad <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Rumstemperatur" title="Rumstemperatur">rumstemperatur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE_1989_7-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dessa författare tillkännagav senare att det helium som de mätt upp, hade sin källa i den omgivande luften. Till följd av denna Paneth & Peters reträtt, så blev Tandbergs patentansökan till slut avslagen.<sup id="cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOE_1989_7-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter det att <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> upptäckts <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>, fortsatte Tandberg sina experiment med <a href="/wiki/Tungt_vatten" title="Tungt vatten">tungt vatten</a> nu med siktet klart inställt på energiutbytets möjligheter.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Några större mängder helium lär han inte ha åstadkommit och intresset falnade med <a href="/wiki/Luftskeppet_Hindenburg" title="Luftskeppet Hindenburg">luftskeppet Hindenburg</a>, trots att det på sin sista färd <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> hade laddats med <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4tgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vätgas">vätgas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pons_och_Fleischmann_återuppväcker_idén"><span id="Pons_och_Fleischmann_.C3.A5teruppv.C3.A4cker_id.C3.A9n"></span>Pons och Fleischmann återuppväcker idén</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pons och Fleischmann återuppväcker idén" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pons och Fleischmann återuppväcker idén"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mest uppmärksamhet har de två forskarna <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Pons" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Pons">Stanley Pons</a> från USA och <a href="/wiki/Martin_Fleischmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Fleischmann">Martin Fleischmann</a> från <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> väckt. I mars <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> på <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> rapporterade de att de i ett <a href="/wiki/Elektrolys" title="Elektrolys">elektrolysliknande</a> experiment med vätgasmättade <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>-elektroder fått ut mer energi än vad som krävdes för att underhålla reaktionen. Det gick en högljudd susning genom vetenskapsvärlden, vilken dock snabbt dämpades av att många forskare som försökte upprepa försöket misslyckades, och av bland annat <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>-forskare som hävdade att detta var en bluff eller ett missförstånd. Pons och Fleischmann fick utstå mycket kritik och valde till slut att inte jobba mer i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. </p><p>Under de följande åren kom flera böcker ut som kritiserade såväl metoder för kallfusionsforskning som kallfusionsforskarnas uppträdande.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det vetenskapliga samfundet har intagit en fortsatt skeptiskt hållning till ämnet, både på grund av den bristen på experimentell reproducerbarhet<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och kall fusions teoretiska orimlighet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pågående_arbeten"><span id="P.C3.A5g.C3.A5ende_arbeten"></span>Pågående arbeten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pågående arbeten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pågående arbeten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png/250px-Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png/375px-Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png/500px-Cold-fusion-calorimeter-nhe-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption> Skiss på en typ av öppen <a href="/wiki/Kalorimeter" title="Kalorimeter">kalorimeter</a> som New Hydrogen Energy Institute i Japan använde</figcaption></figure> <p>En liten men enträgen grupp kallfusionsforskare fortsatte ändå att tämligen okoordinerat göra experiment med Fleishmann och Pons elektrolysuppsättning trots forskarsamhällets avfärdande.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En ny aktör dök upp på denna arena 2011 med ett påstått genombrott för en variant som ytligt ser ut som en lågenergetisk <a href="/wiki/Transmutation" title="Transmutation">transmutation</a> av <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> och väte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanskt_engagemang">Japanskt engagemang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Japanskt engagemang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Japanskt engagemang"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 1992 flyttade Fleischmann och Pons själva sitt <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium" title="Laboratorium">laboratorium</a> till Frankrike med anslag från <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> Motor Corporation. Laboratoriet IMRA stängdes 1998 efter att ha spenderat 12 miljoner pund på arbete med kall fusion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mellan 1992 och 1997 sponsrade Japans MITI (ministerium för <a href="/wiki/Internationell_handel" title="Internationell handel">internationell handel</a> och industri) ett "Nytt Program för Vätgasenergi" på 20 miljoner dollar till forskning kring kall fusion. När slutet av programmet tillkännagavs 1997, konstaterade chefen och tidiga förespråkaren för kall fusionsforskning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikegami_Hideo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikegami Hideo [inte skriven än]">Ikegami Hideo</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Vi kunde inte uppnå det som inledningsvis hävdades när det gäller kall fusion" och tillade att man inte fann någon anledning att föreslå mer pengar för det kommande året eller för framtiden.<sup id="cite_ref-jayaraman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jayaraman-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadahiko_Mizuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadahiko Mizuno [inte skriven än]">Tadahiko Mizuno</a> vid Avdelningen för kärnteknik på <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaido University">Hokkaido University</a> har rapporterat från dessa ansträngningar.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andra intressenter kring japanska försök har funnits, även svenska. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidetsugu_Ikegami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidetsugu Ikegami [inte skriven än]">Hidetsugu Ikegami</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_universitet" title="Uppsala universitet">Uppsala universitet</a> och <i>Sakaguchi Dennetsu KK R & D Center</i> studerade "ultratät" kärnfusion i vätskeformig metallisk <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a> med rapport till <a href="/wiki/Energimyndigheten" title="Energimyndigheten">Energimyndigheten</a> och <a href="/wiki/Naturv%C3%A5rdsverket" title="Naturvårdsverket">Naturvårdsverket</a> 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_USA">I USA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: I USA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: I USA"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Spawar1stGenCFCell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Spawar1stGenCFCell.JPG" decoding="async" width="204" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption> Cell för kall fusion vid <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> <i>Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center</i>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> (2005)</figcaption></figure> <p>I februari 2002 avslöjade den amerikanska flottan att forskare vid deras <i>Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center</i> i <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, Kalifornien i tysthet hade studerat kall fusion fortlöpande sedan 1989, genom att släppa en två volymers rapport "Thermal and nuclear aspects of the Pd/D<sub>2</sub>O system" med en vädjan om ekonomiskt stöd.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indien">Indien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Indien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Indien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På 1990-talet hade även Indien upphört att forska på kall fusion på grund av forskarsamhällets avvisande attityd och USA:s kritiska hållning.<sup id="cite_ref-jayaraman_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jayaraman-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En demonstration i <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> 2008 av den japanska forskaren <a href="/wiki/Arata_Yoshiaki" title="Arata Yoshiaki">Arata Yoshiaki</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> återupplivade dock ett visst intresse för kall fusion forskning i Indien. Projekten har påbörjats vid flera centra såsom <i>Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</i> och <i>National Institute of Advanced Studies</i> har också rekommenderat den indiska regeringen att återuppliva denna forskning.<sup id="cite_ref-jayaraman_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jayaraman-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italien_–_Kall_fusion_av_nickel-väte_(Ni-H)?"><span id="Italien_.E2.80.93_Kall_fusion_av_nickel-v.C3.A4te_.28Ni-H.29.3F"></span>Italien – Kall fusion av nickel-väte (Ni-H)?</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Italien – Kall fusion av nickel-väte (Ni-H)?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Italien – Kall fusion av nickel-väte (Ni-H)?"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Energy_Catalyzer" title="Energy Catalyzer">Energy Catalyzer</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Sedan 1989 har olika arbetsgrupper och industrier studerat kall fusion även i Italien. Medan biofysikern Francesco Piantelli detta år bedrev studier på prover av organiskt material (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangliosid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangliosid [inte skriven än]">Gangliosider</a> placerade i en atmosfär av väte och på ett stöd av nickel) vid <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Siena" title="Universitetet i Siena">Universitetet i Siena</a>, fann han att det uppstod en onormal värmeproduktion.<sup id="cite_ref-Piantelli-Focardi-Corriere-19940220_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piantelli-Focardi-Corriere-19940220-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han berättade om sitt observerade fynd för Sergio Focardi, fysiker vid <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bologna" title="Universitetet i Bologna">Universitetet i Bologna</a>, och de två beslöt att skapa en arbetsgrupp under Roberto Habel, medlem i <a href="/w/index.php?title=INFN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INFN [inte skriven än]">INFN</a> vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitetet_i_Cagliari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitetet i Cagliari [inte skriven än]">Universitetet i Cagliari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i syfte att ytterligare granska orsaken till den termiska anomalin. Piantelli har alltid påtalat att värdet av denna upptäckt främst beror på det lyckliga sammanträffandet att ha gjort sin biofysikforskning på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangliosid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangliosid [inte skriven än]">gangliosider</a>, precis under den stora mediala debatten efter Fleischmanns och Pons tillkännagivande. Det var en period då termen <i>kall fusion</i> hade blivit vardagsmat och motiverade en mer noggrann undersökning av fenomen med avvikande värmeutsläpp , såsom det han uppdagat. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg/300px-Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg/450px-Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg/600px-Piantelli_Focardi_schema_reattore_01_it.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption> Skiss av nickel-väte-reaktorn, som Focardi och Piantelli tog fram för att mäta eventuell överskottsvärme <sup id="cite_ref-Piantelli-Focardi-ProdEnerNiH400C_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piantelli-Focardi-ProdEnerNiH400C-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>I februari 1994, vid en presskonferens i Aula Magna vid Universitetet i Siena, tillkännagav Focardi med flera att en ny process för energiproduktion utvecklats med lågenergikärnreaktioner (LENR), fundamentalt annorlunda än Fleischmanns och Pons apparat.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denna process bygger på att använda en stång av nickel, som med hjälp av en elektrisk resistans hålls vid en temperatur på ca 200–400 °C och laddas med väte genom en viss process.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Energy_Catalyzer" title="Energy Catalyzer">Energy Catalyzer</a> (energikatalysator) är en konstruktion av italienaren <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Rossi" title="Andrea Rossi">Andrea Rossi</a>, som bygger vidare på Focardis arbete. Den har fått uppmärksamhet specifikt i svenska medier men har ännu inte har kunnat verifieras i oberoende experiment. Konstruktionen möjliggör enligt Rossi kärnfusion av nickel och väte till <a href="/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar">kopparatomer</a>, under tillsättning av hemliga <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysatorer</a>. Vid en sådan kärnfusion kan man förvänta sig en avvikande isotopsammansättning på det pulver som enligt Rossi är restprodukt. Det innehåller dock nickel och koppar med naturlig <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotopsammansättning</a> enligt inledande mätningar i ett svenskt laboratorium. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationellt_resurscentrum_f%C3%B6r_fysik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationellt resurscentrum för fysik [inte skriven än]">Nationellt resurscentrum för fysik</a> har gjort en kritisk granskning av såväl de experimentella som teoretiska förutsättningarna för processen.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Positiva resultat från två tredjepartstester av en ny högtemperaturversion publicerades i maj 2013 av två italienska och fem svenska forskare i en artikel på <a href="/wiki/Arxiv" title="Arxiv">arxiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En ännu inte <a href="/wiki/Referentgranskning" title="Referentgranskning">referentgranskad</a> <a href="/wiki/Teknisk_rapport" title="Teknisk rapport">mätrapport</a> från ett nytt lyckat försök med denna apparat i oktober 2014 visar dessutom en betydande ökning av isotopen Nickel-62<sup id="cite_ref-elforsk141006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elforsk141006-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grekland">Grekland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grekland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grekland"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det 2011 nybildade grekiska bolaget <i>Defkalion Green Technologies</i>, som uppgavs ämna bygga ett värmesystem baserat på Rossis uppfinning,<sup id="cite_ref-lewan20110207_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewan20110207-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men sedan inte kom överens med Rossi<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> har dock fortsatt sina kundkontakter och utvecklat egen liknande teknik.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defkalion bjuder nu in universitet och företag att testa grundtekniken i sina produkter. Tekniken uppges bygga på LENR (Low Energy Nuclear Reactions).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andra_metoder">Andra metoder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Andra metoder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Andra metoder"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kall_fusion_med_myoner">Kall fusion med myoner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kall fusion med myoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kall fusion med myoner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Myonkatalyserad fusion (μCF) är en process som kan låta fusion äga rum vid betydligt lägre temperaturer än vad som krävs vid termonukleär fusion. <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Sacharov" title="Andrej Sacharov">Andrej Sacharov</a> förutsade möjligheten redan före 1950, men fenomenet observerades först 1957. Metoden kan reproduceras pålitligt med rätt utrustning och har studerats ingående, inte minst i Japan, där Nagamine Kanetada från 1988 ägnat sig åt denna väg till kall fusion.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Man använder en <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>- och en <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritiumatom</a>, där man bytt ut en elektron mot en <a href="/wiki/Myon" title="Myon">myon</a>. Myoner är precis som <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroner</a> negativt laddade, men har 207 gånger så stor massa. Den stora massan tvingar myonerna att ta en snävare "<a href="/wiki/Atomorbital" title="Atomorbital">bana</a>" kring <a href="/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4rna" title="Atomkärna">atomkärnan</a>, vilket komprimerar <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomen</a>. När tritiumatomen blir mindre, kan de båda atomerna komma så pass nära varandra att de slås ihop. Restprodukterna blir i så fall en <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Alfapartikel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfapartikel">alfapartikel</a> och en myon som kan användas i nästa cykel. Nagamine har fortsatt att förbättra effektiviteten på myonerna och att förminska de repellerande krafterna mellan alfapartiklarna och myonerna, från 1998 vid <a href="/wiki/RIKEN" title="RIKEN">RIKEN</a>. Även andra har undersökt metoden men ifrågasatt dess energibalans, eftersom mycket energi går åt till att tillverka myoner, och de nya myonerna ofta sönderfaller innan de hinner delta i processen. </p><p>Därför är den allmänna uppfattningen att dess skrala energibalans kommer hindra den från att någonsin bli en praktisk energikälla.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Årlig_internationell_konferens"><span id=".C3.85rlig_internationell_konferens"></span>Årlig internationell konferens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Årlig internationell konferens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Årlig internationell konferens"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En konferens <i>International Conference on Cold Fusion</i> (ICCF) organiseras varje år sedan 1990 av <i>The International Society for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science</i>. Konferensdeltagare inbegriper "en blandning av professionella vetenskapsmän, tillsammans med pensionerade och amatörvetenskapare, ingenjörer, tekniker, ett antal företagare, uppfinnare, och intresserade lekmän."<sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simon_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Konferens</th> <th>År</th> <th>Värdorganisation</th> <th>Plats</th> <th>Ordförande</th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-1</td> <td>(1990)</td> <td>National Cold Fusion Institute</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a></td> <td>Fritz Will</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-2</td> <td>(1991)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a></td> <td>Tullio Bressani, Emilio Del Giudice, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Preparata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Preparata [inte skriven än]">Giuliano Preparata</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-3</td> <td>(1992)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>Hideo Ikegami</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-4</td> <td>(1993)</td> <td>(Proceedings publicerade av <i>American Nuclear Society</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahaina" title="Lahaina">Lahaina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td>Thomas Passell, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_McKubre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael McKubre [inte skriven än]">Michael McKubre</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-5</td> <td>(1995)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Pons" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanley Pons">Stanley Pons</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-6</td> <td>(1996)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>Makoto Okamoto</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-7</td> <td>(1998)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></td> <td>Fred Jaeger</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-8</td> <td>(2000)</td> <td>Italian Physical Society</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lerici" title="Lerici">Lerici</a> i <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a></td> <td>Francesco Scaramuzzi</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-9</td> <td>(2002)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsinghuauniversitetet" title="Tsinghuauniversitetet">Tsinghuauniversitetet</a> **</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a></td> <td>Xing Zhong Li</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-10</td> <td>(2003)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_L._Hagelstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter L. Hagelstein [inte skriven än]">Peter L. Hagelstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott Chubb</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-11</td> <td>(2004)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a></td> <td>Jean-Paul Biberian</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-12</td> <td>(2005)</td> <td>Japan CF-Research Society (JCF)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>Akito Takahashi</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-13</td> <td>(2007)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sotji" title="Sotji">Sotji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a></td> <td>Yuri Bazhutov</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-14</td> <td>(2008)</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington DC">Washington DC</a></td> <td>David Nagel, Michael Melich</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-15</td> <td>(2009)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ENEA_(Italy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ENEA (Italy) [inte skriven än]">ENEA</a> **</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rom" title="Rom">Rom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a></td> <td>Vittorio Violante</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-16</td> <td>(2011)</td> <td>Indian Physics Association (IPA) and Indian Nuclear Society (INS)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a></td> <td>Mahadeva Srinivasan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=P._K._Iyengar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. K. Iyengar [inte skriven än]">P. K. Iyengar</a></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-17</td> <td>(2012)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KAIST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KAIST [inte skriven än]">KAIST</a> **</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydkorea" title="Sydkorea">Sydkorea</a></td> <td>Sunwon Park, Frank Gordon</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ICCF-18</td> <td>(2013)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> **</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia, Missouri</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Duncan_(physicist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Duncan (physicist) [inte skriven än]">Robert Duncan</a>, Yeong Kim</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <p><b>**</b> Dessa organisationer är konferensens officiella värdar/sponsorer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonoluminiscens" title="Sonoluminiscens">Sonoluminiscens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kall_fusion&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecats.se/">”Svensk Guide till E-Cat”</a>. Ecats.se<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecats.se/">http://www.ecats.se/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 december 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Svensk+Guide+till+E-Cat&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Ecats.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecats.se%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Park2000-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Park2000_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFRobert_L._Park2000">Robert L. Park (2000), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">Voodoo Science: The road from foolishness to fraud</a></i>, Oxford, U.K. & New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-19-860443-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-19-860443-2">ISBN 0-19-860443-2</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voodoo+Science%3A+The+road+from+foolishness+to+fraud&rft.aulast=Robert+L.+Park&rft.au=Robert+L.+Park&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.+%26+New+York&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=0-19-860443-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxzCK6-Kqs6QC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D%2522voodoo%2Bscience%2522%26hl%3Den%26src%3Dbmrr%26ei%3DHFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CCwQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kowalski_2004_IIA2-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Kowalski_2004_IIA2_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKowalski2004">Kowalski 2004</a>, II.A2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOE_1989_7-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOE_1989_7_4-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#DOE1989">US DOE 1989</a>, s. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LADN_092489-5"><a href="#cite_ref-LADN_092489_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCreaseSamios1989">Crease & Samios 1989</a>, s. V1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Sten Söderberg (red); <i>Vår alkemist i Tomegränd. En bok av och om John Tandberg</i> (Lund 1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaubes1993">Taubes 1993</a>, <a href="#CITEREFClose1992">Close 1992</a>, <a href="#CITEREFHuizenga1993">Huizenga 1993</a>, <a href="#CITEREFPark2000">Park 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchaffer1999">Schaffer 1999</a>, s. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchaffer1999">Schaffer 1999</a>, s. 3, <a href="#CITEREFAdam2005">Adam 2005</a> – ("Extraordinary claims . . . demand extraordinary proof")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFSimon2002">Simon, Bart (2002), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=dEJJqgw8pvwC&pg=PA49">Undead science: science studies and the afterlife of cold fusion</a></i> (illustrated), Rutgers University Press, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780813531540" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780813531540">ISBN 9780813531540</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=dEJJqgw8pvwC&pg=PA49">http://books.google.com/?id=dEJJqgw8pvwC&pg=PA49</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Undead+science%3A+science+studies+and+the+afterlife+of+cold+fusion&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft.au=Simon%2C+Bart&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780813531540&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdEJJqgw8pvwC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFVoss1999">Voss, David (March 1, 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/1999/mar/01/whatever-happened-to-cold-fusion">”What Ever Happened to Cold Fusion”</a>, <i>Physics World</i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0953-8585">0953-8585</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/1999/mar/01/whatever-happened-to-cold-fusion">http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/1999/mar/01/whatever-happened-to-cold-fusion</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 1 maj 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+Ever+Happened+to+Cold+Fusion&rft.jtitle=Physics+World&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Voss%2C+David&rft.date=March+1%2C+1999&rft.issn=0953-8585&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicsworld.com%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fprint%2F1999%2Fmar%2F01%2Fwhatever-happened-to-cold-fusion&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFAndrew_J._Pollack1992">Andrew J. Pollack (November 17, 1992), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/17/science/cold-fusion-derided-in-us-is-hot-in-japan.html">Cold Fusion, Derided in U.S., Is Hot In Japan</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/17/science/cold-fusion-derided-in-us-is-hot-in-japan.html">http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/17/science/cold-fusion-derided-in-us-is-hot-in-japan.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+Fusion%2C+Derided+in+U.S.%2C+Is+Hot+In+Japan&rft.aulast=Andrew+J.+Pollack&rft.au=Andrew+J.+Pollack&rft.date=November+17%2C+1992&rft.pub=%5B%5BThe+New+York+Times%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F11%2F17%2Fscience%2Fcold-fusion-derided-in-us-is-hot-in-japan.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jayaraman-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-jayaraman_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jayaraman_13-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jayaraman_13-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJayaraman2008">Jayaraman 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> Tadahiko Mizuno; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MizunoTnucleartra.pdf"><i>Nuclear Transmutation: The Reality of Cold Fusion</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue17/bookreview_mizuno.html">Review</a>, Koogakusha , Japan (1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hidetsugu Ikegami; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/36/040/36040777.pdf"><i>Long-range coherence revealed in entropy enhanced chemonuclear fusion</i></a>, Uppsala universitet (feb 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFMullins2004">Mullins, Justin (September 2004), ”Cold Fusion Back From the Dead”, <i>IEEE Spectrum</i> 41: 22, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FMSPEC.2004.1330805">10.1109/MSPEC.2004.1330805</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+Fusion+Back+From+the+Dead&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Spectrum&rft.aulast=Mullins&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.au=Mullins%2C+Justin&rft.date=September+2004&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=22&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FMSPEC.2004.1330805&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/publications/pubs/tr/1862/tr1862-vol1.pdf">Szpak, Masier-Boss: Thermal and nuclear aspects of the Pd/D<sub>2</sub>O system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216190531/http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/publications/pubs/tr/1862/tr1862-vol1.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 16 februari 2013 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., feb 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/cold-fusion-success-in-japan-gets-warm-reception-in-india_10053182.html">”Cold fusion success in Japan gets warm reception in India”</a>, <i>Thaindian News</i>, 2008-05-27<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/cold-fusion-success-in-japan-gets-warm-reception-in-india_10053182.html">http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/cold-fusion-success-in-japan-gets-warm-reception-in-india_10053182.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+fusion+success+in+Japan+gets+warm+reception+in+India&rft.jtitle=Thaindian+News&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaindian.com%2Fnewsportal%2Fsci-tech%2Fcold-fusion-success-in-japan-gets-warm-reception-in-india_10053182.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piantelli-Focardi-Corriere-19940220-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Piantelli-Focardi-Corriere-19940220_19-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Foresta Martin Franco. "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1994/febbraio/20/fusione_fredda_alla_senese_accende_co_0_94022011712.shtml">La fusione fredda alla senese accende di nuovo la speranza</a></i>". Corriere della Sera (19 februari 1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026214312/http://www.brunoleoni.it/nextpage.aspx?codice=759">”Istituto Bruno Leoni – Lettera aperta al Presidente Berlusconi”</a>. Brunoleoni.it. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brunoleoni.it/nextpage.aspx?codice=759">originalet</a> den 26 oktober 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026214312/http://www.brunoleoni.it/nextpage.aspx?codice=759">https://web.archive.org/web/20111026214312/http://www.brunoleoni.it/nextpage.aspx?codice=759</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 december 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Istituto+Bruno+Leoni+%E2%80%93+Lettera+aperta+al+Presidente+Berlusconi&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Brunoleoni.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111026214312%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.brunoleoni.it%2Fnextpage.aspx%3Fcodice%3D759&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235945/http://www.magna-carta.it/content/difendiamo-luniversit%C3%A0-dalla-demagogia">”Difendiamo l'Università dalla demagogia | Fondazione Magna Carta”</a>. Magna-carta.it. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magna-carta.it/content/difendiamo-luniversit%C3%A0-dalla-demagogia">originalet</a> den 2 december 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235945/http://www.magna-carta.it/content/difendiamo-luniversit%C3%A0-dalla-demagogia">https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235945/http://www.magna-carta.it/content/difendiamo-luniversit%C3%A0-dalla-demagogia</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 december 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Difendiamo+l%27Universit%C3%A0+dalla+demagogia+%26%23124%3B+Fondazione+Magna+Carta&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Magna-carta.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131202235945%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.magna-carta.it%2Fcontent%2Fdifendiamo-luniversit%25C3%25A0-dalla-demagogia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234020/http://guide.supereva.it/alleanza_nazionale/interventi/2005/01/194597.shtml">”Nucleare: Fisici Ricci E Habel, Impianti Sono Sicuri. Valditara”</a>. Guide.supereva.it. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guide.supereva.it/alleanza_nazionale/interventi/2005/01/194597.shtml">originalet</a> den 2 december 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234020/http://guide.supereva.it/alleanza_nazionale/interventi/2005/01/194597.shtml">https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234020/http://guide.supereva.it/alleanza_nazionale/interventi/2005/01/194597.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 december 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nucleare%3A+Fisici+Ricci+E+Habel%2C+Impianti+Sono+Sicuri.+Valditara&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Guide.supereva.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131202234020%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fguide.supereva.it%2Falleanza_nazionale%2Finterventi%2F2005%2F01%2F194597.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piantelli-Focardi-ProdEnerNiH400C-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Piantelli-Focardi-ProdEnerNiH400C_23-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Focardi, F. Piantelli. "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tecnosophia.org/documenti/Articoli/SessioneI/Focardi.pdf">Produzione di energia e reazioni nucleari in sistemi Ni-H a 400 C</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113103231/http://www.tecnosophia.org/documenti/Articoli/SessioneI/Focardi.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 13 januari 2012 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>". <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Bologna" title="Universitetet i Bologna">Universitetet i Bologna</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christinasponza.it/christinasponza.it/speciale_nucleare/notizie_articoli/2005_04_18-19_convegno_bologna/2005_04_18-19_convegno_bologna.htm">Conferenza nazionale sulla politica energetica in Italia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325021059/http://www.christinasponza.it/christinasponza.it/speciale_nucleare/notizie_articoli/2005_04_18-19_convegno_bologna/2005_04_18-19_convegno_bologna.htm">Arkiverad</a> 25 mars 2012 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., Bologna (18-19 april 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text">S. Focardi, F. Piantelli, S. Veronesi. "<i>Processi di caricamento del Nichel, di ferromagnetici ed altri metalli</i>". IV Convegno sullo stato della Fusione fredda in Italia, Certosa di Pontignano – Siena, 24-25 mars (1995)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <span class="reference-text">S. Focardi, V. Gabbani, V. Montalbano, F. Piantelli, S. Veronesi. "<i>Large excess heat production in Ni-H systems</i>". Il Nuovo Cimento Vol. 111 A, N.11 pp. 1233, november 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110528020712/http://www.fysik.org/WebSite/fragelada/index.asp?id=17662"><i>Kall fusion på italienska</i></a>, NRCF:s frågelåda för fysik </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levi-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Levi_27-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Giuseppe Levi, Evelyn Foschi, Torbjörn Hartman, Bo Höistad, Roland Pettersson, Lars Tegnér och <a href="/wiki/Hanno_Ess%C3%A9n" title="Hanno Essén">Hanno Essén</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.3913"><i>Indication of anomalous heat energy production in a reactor device</i></a>, arXiv:1305.3913v2 (2013-05-20).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elforsk141006-28"><a href="#cite_ref-elforsk141006_28-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Giuseppe Levi, Evelyn Foschi, Bo Höistad, Roland Pettersson, Lars Tegnér och <a href="/wiki/Hanno_Ess%C3%A9n" title="Hanno Essén">Hanno Essén</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031131404/http://www.elforsk.se/Global/Omv%C3%A4rld_system/filer/LuganoReportSubmit.pdf"><i>Observation of abundant heat production from a reactor device and of isotopic changes in the fuel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Elforsk" title="Elforsk">Elforsk</a> teknisk rapport (2014-10-06),</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewan20110207-29"><a href="#cite_ref-lewan20110207_29-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFMats_Lewan2011">Mats Lewan (7 februari 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063216/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3091266.ece">”Cold Fusion: Here's the Greek company building 1 MW”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ny_Teknik" title="Ny Teknik">Ny Teknik</a></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3091266.ece">originalet</a> den 3 september 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063216/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3091266.ece">https://web.archive.org/web/20110903063216/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3091266.ece</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 maj 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+Fusion%3A+Here%27s+the+Greek+company+building+1+MW&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNy+Teknik%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Mats+Lewan&rft.au=Mats+Lewan&rft.date=7+februari+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110903063216%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyteknik.se%2Fnyheter%2Fenergi_miljo%2Fenergi%2Farticle3091266.ece&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecats.se/e-cat-senaste-nytt.html">”E-Cat nyheter från”</a>. Ecats.se<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecats.se/e-cat-senaste-nytt.html">http://www.ecats.se/e-cat-senaste-nytt.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 2 december 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=E-Cat+nyheter+fr%C3%A5n&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Ecats.se&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecats.se%2Fe-cat-senaste-nytt.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120525151623/http://www.defkalion-energy.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=285">Defkalions avsikter</a>, Defkalion (2011-10-10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFMats_Lewan2012">Mats Lewan (24 januari 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321130659/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3391426.ece">”Defkalion bjuder in till test av kall fusion”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ny_Teknik" title="Ny Teknik">Ny Teknik</a></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3391426.ece">originalet</a> den 21 mars 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321130659/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3391426.ece">https://web.archive.org/web/20120321130659/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3391426.ece</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 april 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Defkalion+bjuder+in+till+test+av+kall+fusion&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNy+Teknik%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Mats+Lewan&rft.au=Mats+Lewan&rft.date=24+januari+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120321130659%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyteknik.se%2Fnyheter%2Fenergi_miljo%2Fenergi%2Farticle3391426.ece&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Nagamine, Kanetada; Introductory Muon Science, Cambridge University Press (2003). <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0521593794" title="Special:Bokkällor/0521593794">ISBN 0521593794</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.se/books?id=b4z7TdD3SUEC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=kanetada+nagamine+myon+fusion&source=web&ots=PSUj7eQeXs&sig=kio-0XbGjS5Cj5vRSaPXycQONgc&hl=sv#PPA92,M1">(sid 92-93)</a>. 2:a upplagan (2007), <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0521038200" title="Special:Bokkällor/0521038200">ISBN 0521038200</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_34-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFJ.D._Jackson1957">J.D. Jackson (26 november 1957). ”Catalysis of Nuclear Reactions between hydrogen isotopes by μ<sup>−</sup>-Mesons”. <i>Physical Review</i> "106" (2): s. 330. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.106.330">10.1103/PhysRev.106.330</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catalysis+of+Nuclear+Reactions+between+hydrogen+isotopes+by+%CE%BC%3Csup%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fsup%3E-Mesons&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=J.D.+Jackson&rft.au=J.D.+Jackson&rft.date=26+november+1957&rft.volume=%22106%22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=s.%26nbsp%3B330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.106.330&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newenergytimes-list-35">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-11"><small>l</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-12"><small>m</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-13"><small>n</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-14"><small>o</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-15"><small>p</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-16"><small>q</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-17"><small>r</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenergytimes-list_35-18"><small>s</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618235253/http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.shtml">”LENR Conference Proceedings”</a>. <i><span>newenergytimes.com</span></i>. New Energy Times. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.shtml">originalet</a> den 18 juni 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618235253/http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.shtml">https://web.archive.org/web/20130618235253/http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/LENRConferenceProceedings.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LENR+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=newenergytimes.com&rft.pub=New+Energy+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130618235253%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fnewenergytimes.com%2Fv2%2Fconferences%2FLENRConferenceProceedings.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simon-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Simon_36-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFSimon1999">Simon, B. (1999). ”Undead Science: Making Sense of Cold Fusion After the (Arti)fact”. <i>Social Studies of Science</i> 29: sid. 61–85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F030631299029001003">10.1177/030631299029001003</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Undead+Science%3A+Making+Sense+of+Cold+Fusion+After+the+%28Arti%29fact&rft.jtitle=Social+Studies+of+Science&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Simon%2C+B.&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B61%E2%80%9385&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F030631299029001003&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> Särskilt sid 68 och 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFF.Will1990">F.Will, red (1990). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WPJAAQAAIAAJ">The first annual Conference on Cold Fusion : conference proceedings : mars 28-31,1990 december University Park Hotel, Salt Lake City, Utah</a></i>. National Cold Fusion Institute<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WPJAAQAAIAAJ">http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WPJAAQAAIAAJ</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+first+annual+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%3A+conference+proceedings+%3A+mars+28-31%2C1990+december+University+Park+Hotel%2C+Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=National+Cold+Fusion+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWPJAAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2FwbAAAAIAAJ">The science of cold fusion: proceedings of the II annual Conference on Cold Fusion : "A Volta" Centre for Scientific Culture, Villa Olmo, Como, 29 June - 4 1991 July Volume 33 of Conference proceedings (Società italiana di fisica), Società Italiana di Fisica</a></i>. Italian Physical Society. 1991. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/887794045X" title="Special:Bokkällor/887794045X">ISBN 887794045X</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2FwbAAAAIAAJ">http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2FwbAAAAIAAJ</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+science+of+cold+fusion%3A+proceedings+of+the+II+annual+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%3A+%22A+Volta%22+Centre+for+Scientific+Culture%2C+Villa+Olmo%2C+Como%2C+29+June+-+4+1991+July+Volume+33+of+Conference+proceedings+%28Societ%C3%A0+italiana+di+fisica%29%2C+Societ%C3%A0+Italiana+di+Fisica&rft.date=1991&rft.pub=Italian+Physical+Society&rft.isbn=887794045X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2FwbAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHagelstein"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hagelstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hagelstein [inte skriven än]">Hagelstein, Peter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/1992/ICCF3/1992-ICCF3-HagelsteinSummary.pdf">”Summary Of The Third Annual Conference on Cold Fusion”</a>. <i><span>newenergytimes.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/1992/ICCF3/1992-ICCF3-HagelsteinSummary.pdf">http://newenergytimes.com/v2/conferences/1992/ICCF3/1992-ICCF3-HagelsteinSummary.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Summary+Of+The+Third+Annual+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion&rft.atitle=newenergytimes.com&rft.aulast=Hagelstein&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hagelstein%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewenergytimes.com%2Fv2%2Fconferences%2F1992%2FICCF3%2F1992-ICCF3-HagelsteinSummary.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Transactions of Fusion Technology, Vol. 26, No. 4T (1994) by American Nuclear Society</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222050357/http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/Cfcom/Histry/ICCF/iccf04his.htm">”4th International Conference on Cold Fusion (1993)”</a>. <i><span>pdx.edu</span></i>. Portland State University. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/Cfcom/Histry/ICCF/iccf04his.htm">originalet</a> den 22 februari 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222050357/http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/Cfcom/Histry/ICCF/iccf04his.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20140222050357/http://web.pdx.edu/~pdx00210/Cfcom/Histry/ICCF/iccf04his.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=4th+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%281993%29&rft.atitle=pdx.edu&rft.pub=Portland+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140222050357%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fweb.pdx.edu%2F%7Epdx00210%2FCfcom%2FHistry%2FICCF%2Ficcf04his.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRothwell1995">Rothwell, Jed (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue2/iccf5.html">”Highlights of the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF5)”</a>. <i>Infinite Energy</i> (maj/juni 1995)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue2/iccf5.html">http://www.infinite-energy.com/iemagazine/issue2/iccf5.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 19 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Highlights+of+the+Fifth+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%28ICCF5%29&rft.jtitle=Infinite+Energy&rft.aulast=Rothwell&rft.aufirst=Jed&rft.au=Rothwell%2C+Jed&rft.date=1995&rft.issue=maj%2Fjuni+1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinite-energy.com%2Fiemagazine%2Fissue2%2Ficcf5.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF6.html">”ICCF6, Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion”</a>. <i><span>padrak.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF6.html">http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF6.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ICCF6%2C+Sixth+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion&rft.atitle=padrak.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.padrak.com%2Fine%2FICCF6.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF7.html">”International Cold Fusion Forum (ICCF-7)”</a>. <i><span>padrak.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF7.html">http://www.padrak.com/ine/ICCF7.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=International+Cold+Fusion+Forum+%28ICCF-7%29&rft.atitle=padrak.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.padrak.com%2Fine%2FICCF7.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFScaramuzzi2001">Scaramuzzi, Franco (2001). <i><span>ICCF8 : proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion : Lerici (La Spezia), Italy, 21-26 maj 2000</span></i>. Bologna: Italian Physical Society</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ICCF8+%3A+proceedings+of+the+8th+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%3A+Lerici+%28La+Spezia%29%2C+Italy%2C+21-26+maj+2000&rft.aulast=Scaramuzzi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rft.au=Scaramuzzi%2C+Franco&rft.date=2001&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pub=Italian+Physical+Society&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenr-canr.org/wordpress/?page_id=691">”ICCF-9 Proceedings”</a>. <i><span>lenr-canr.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lenr-canr.org/wordpress/?page_id=691">http://lenr-canr.org/wordpress/?page_id=691</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ICCF-9+Proceedings&rft.atitle=lenr-canr.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenr-canr.org%2Fwordpress%2F%3Fpage_id%3D691&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHecht2004">Hecht, Jeff (23 april 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/13559/page1/">”Is Cold Fusion Heating Up?”</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Etext&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etext [inte skriven än]">etext</a>). <i><span>Technology Review</span></i>. MIT<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/13559/page1/">http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/13559/page1/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 april 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Is+Cold+Fusion+Heating+Up%3F&rft.atitle=Technology+Review&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Hecht%2C+Jeff&rft.date=23+april+2004&rft.pub=MIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Fenergy%2F13559%2Fpage1%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106080339/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf11/iccf11.htm">”11th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science ICCF-11”</a>. <i><span>iscmns.org</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf11/iccf11.htm">originalet</a> den 6 januari 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106080339/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf11/iccf11.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20160106080339/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf11/iccf11.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=11th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science+ICCF-11&rft.atitle=iscmns.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160106080339%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iscmns.org%2Ficcf11%2Ficcf11.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120803013055/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf12/program.htm">”The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”</a>. <i><span>iscmns.org</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf12/program.htm">originalet</a> den 3 augusti 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.is/20120803013055/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf12/program.htm">https://archive.is/20120803013055/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf12/program.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+12th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science&rft.atitle=iscmns.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.is%2F20120803013055%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iscmns.org%2Ficcf12%2Fprogram.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130415013430/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf13/">”The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, Dagomys, Sochi, Russia, June 25 - July 1, 2007”</a>. iscmns.org. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf13/">originalet</a> den 15 april 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.is/20130415013430/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf13/">https://archive.is/20130415013430/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf13/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+13th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science%2C+Dagomys%2C+Sochi%2C+Russia%2C+June+25+-+July+1%2C+2007&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=iscmns.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.is%2F20130415013430%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iscmns.org%2Ficcf13%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf14/ProcICCF14b.pdf">Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science and the 14th International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF-14), 10-15 2008 augusti Washington DC</a></i>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-578-06694-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-578-06694-3">ISBN 978-0-578-06694-3</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf14/ProcICCF14b.pdf">http://www.iscmns.org/iccf14/ProcICCF14b.pdf</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+14th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science+and+the+14th+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion+%28ICCF-14%29%2C+10-15+2008+augusti+Washington+DC&rft.au=Michael+E.+Melich%2C+Rodney+W.+Johnson%2C+Scott+R.+Chubb%2C+Jed+Rothwell&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-578-06694-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iscmns.org%2Ficcf14%2FProcICCF14b.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731065530/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf14/ProcICCF14b.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 31 juli 2012 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308054926/http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/">”15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science”</a>. <i><span>enea.it</span></i>. ENEA-FPN Department. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/">originalet</a> den 8 mars 2012<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308054926/http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/">https://web.archive.org/web/20120308054926/http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=15th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science&rft.atitle=enea.it&rft.pub=ENEA-FPN+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120308054926%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Ficcf15.frascati.enea.it%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331021942/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf16/">”16th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF16), Chennai, India. februari 6-11, 2011”</a>. <i><span>iscmns.org</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iscmns.org/iccf16/">originalet</a> den 31 mars 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331021942/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf16/">https://web.archive.org/web/20130331021942/http://www.iscmns.org/iccf16/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=16th+International+Conference+on+Condensed+Matter+Nuclear+Science+%28ICCF16%29%2C+Chennai%2C+India.+februari+6-11%2C+2011&rft.atitle=iscmns.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130331021942%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iscmns.org%2Ficcf16%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818234331/http://www.iccf17.org/index.php">”The 17th International Conference on Cold Fusion”</a>. iscmns.org. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iccf17.org/index.php">originalet</a> den 18 augusti 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818234331/http://www.iccf17.org/index.php">https://web.archive.org/web/20130818234331/http://www.iccf17.org/index.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+17th+International+Conference+on+Cold+Fusion&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=iscmns.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130818234331%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iccf17.org%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622173838/http://iccf18.research.missouri.edu/">”Welcome to the ICCF-18 Conference: “Applying the Scientific Method to Understanding Anomalous Heat Effects: Opportunities and Challenges.””</a>. <i><span>missouri.edu</span></i>. University of Missouri. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iccf18.research.missouri.edu">originalet</a> den 22 juni 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622173838/http://iccf18.research.missouri.edu/">https://web.archive.org/web/20130622173838/http://iccf18.research.missouri.edu/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 juni 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+ICCF-18+Conference%3A+%E2%80%9CApplying+the+Scientific+Method+to+Understanding+Anomalous+Heat+Effects%3A+Opportunities+and+Challenges.%E2%80%9D&rft.atitle=missouri.edu&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130622173838%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Ficcf18.research.missouri.edu%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFAdam2005">Adam, David (2005-03-24), Rusbringer, Alan, red., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/mar/24/research.highereducation2">”In from the cold”</a>, <i>The Guardian</i> (London)<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/mar/24/research.highereducation2">http://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/mar/24/research.highereducation2</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 25 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+from+the+cold&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Adam%2C+David&rft.date=2005-03-24&rft.place=London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2005%2Fmar%2F24%2Fresearch.highereducation2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFClose1992"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Close&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Close [inte skriven än]">Close, Frank E.</a> (1992), <i><span>Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion</span></i> (2), London: Penguin, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-14-015926-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-14-015926-6">ISBN 0-14-015926-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Too+Hot+to+Handle%3A+The+Race+for+Cold+Fusion&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=Frank+E.&rft.au=Close%2C+Frank+E.&rft.date=1992&rft.edition=2&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.isbn=0-14-015926-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFCreaseSamios1989">Crease, Robert; Samios, N.P. (1989), ”Cold Fusion confusion”, <i>New York Times Magazine</i> (September 24, 1989): 34–38, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0028-7822">0028-7822</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 2 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+Fusion+confusion&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.aulast=Crease&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Crease%2C+Robert&rft.au=Samios%2C+N.P.&rft.date=1989&rft.issue=September+24%2C+1989&rft.pages=34%E2%80%9338&rft.issn=0028-7822&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFHuizenga1993">Huizenga, John R. (1993), <i><span>Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century</span></i> (2), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-19-855817-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-19-855817-1">ISBN 0-19-855817-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+Fusion%3A+The+Scientific+Fiasco+of+the+Century&rft.aulast=Huizenga&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Huizenga%2C+John+R.&rft.date=1993&rft.edition=2&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-855817-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFJayaraman2008">Jayaraman, K.S. (2008-01-17), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nindia/2008/080117/full/nindia.2008.77.html">”Cold fusion hot again”</a>, <i>Nature India</i>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnindia.2008.77">10.1038/nindia.2008.77</a></span><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nature.com/nindia/2008/080117/full/nindia.2008.77.html">http://www.nature.com/nindia/2008/080117/full/nindia.2008.77.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 27 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+fusion+hot+again&rft.jtitle=Nature+India&rft.aulast=Jayaraman&rft.aufirst=K.S.&rft.au=Jayaraman%2C+K.S.&rft.date=2008-01-17&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnindia.2008.77&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnindia%2F2008%2F080117%2Ffull%2Fnindia.2008.77.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFKowalski2004">Kowalski, Ludwik (2004), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080506023241/http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/131history.html">Jones’s manuscript on History of Cold Fusion at BYU</a></i>, Upper Montclair, New Jersey: csam.montclair.edu, arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/131history.html">ursprungsadressen</a>  den 2008-05-06<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080506023241/http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/131history.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080506023241/http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/131history.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 25 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jones%E2%80%99s+manuscript+on+History+of+Cold+Fusion+at+BYU&rft.aulast=Kowalski&rft.aufirst=Ludwik&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+Ludwik&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Upper+Montclair%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=csam.montclair.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080506023241%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpages.csam.montclair.edu%2F%7Ekowalski%2Fcf%2F131history.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFPark,_Robert_L2000"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_L._Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert L. Park [inte skriven än]">Park, Robert L</a> (2000), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">Voodoo Science: The road from foolishness to fraud</a></i>, Oxford, U.K. & New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-19-860443-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-19-860443-2">ISBN 0-19-860443-2</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=xzCK6-Kqs6QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22voodoo+science%22&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=HFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 21 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voodoo+Science%3A+The+road+from+foolishness+to+fraud&rft.aulast=Park%2C+Robert+L&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+L&rft.date=2000&rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.+%26+New+York&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=0-19-860443-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxzCK6-Kqs6QC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D%2522voodoo%2Bscience%2522%26hl%3Den%26src%3Dbmrr%26ei%3DHFfgTNC8N4Sfca3fmZgM%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CCwQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFSaeta1999">Saeta, Peter N.; Schaffer, Michael J.; Morrison, Douglas R.O.; Heeter, Robert F. (1999-10-21), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-current-scien">”What is the current scientific thinking on cold fusion? Is there any possible validity to this phenomenon?”</a>, <i>Scientific American</i>, Ask the Experts<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-current-scien">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-current-scien</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 21 april 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+the+current+scientific+thinking+on+cold+fusion%3F+Is+there+any+possible+validity+to+this+phenomenon%3F&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.aulast=Saeta&rft.aufirst=Peter+N.&rft.au=Saeta%2C+Peter+N.&rft.au=Schaffer%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Douglas+R.O.&rft.au=Heeter%2C+Robert+F.&rft.date=1999-10-21&rft.series=Ask+the+Experts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dwhat-is-the-current-scien&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> – (varje författare skriver egen text)</li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFTaubes1990">Taubes, Gary (15 June 1990), ”Cold fusion conundrum at Texas A&M”, <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> 248 (4968): 1299–1304, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.248.4961.1299">10.1126/science.248.4961.1299</a></span>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17735269?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:17735269">PMID 17735269</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Sci...248.1299T">1990Sci...248.1299T</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cold+fusion+conundrum+at+Texas+A%26M&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Taubes&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Taubes%2C+Gary&rft.date=15+June+1990&rft.volume=248&rft.issue=4968&rft.pages=1299%E2%80%931304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.248.4961.1299&rft_id=info:pmid/17735269&rft_id=info:bibcode/1990Sci...248.1299T&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFTaubes1993">Taubes, Gary (1993), <i><span>Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion</span></i>, New York: Random House, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-394-58456-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-394-58456-2">ISBN 0-394-58456-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Science%3A+The+Short+Life+and+Weird+Times+of+Cold+Fusion&rft.aulast=Taubes&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Taubes%2C+Gary&rft.date=1993&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.isbn=0-394-58456-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFDOE1989">U.S. Department of Energy (1989), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.ncas.org/erab/">A Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy</a></i>, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://files.ncas.org/erab/">http://files.ncas.org/erab/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 25 maj 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Report+of+the+Energy+Research+Advisory+Board+to+the+United+States+Department+of+Energy&rft.aulast=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=1989&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.ncas.org%2Ferab%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="" id="CITEREFDOE2004r">U.S. Department of Energy (2004) (PDF), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226210800/http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/CF_Final_120104.pdf">Report of the Review of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions</a></i>, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/CF_Final_120104.pdf">ursprungsadressen</a>  den 2008-02-26<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226210800/http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/CF_Final_120104.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20080226210800/http://www.science.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2004/low_energy/CF_Final_120104.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, läst 19 maj 2011</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Review+of+Low+Energy+Nuclear+Reactions&rft.aulast=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=2004&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080226210800%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.doe.gov%2FSub%2FNewsroom%2FNews_Releases%2FDOE-SC%2F2004%2Flow_energy%2FCF_Final_120104.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kall_fusion"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" 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