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various forms of abuse, including physical, emotional, and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a>. Child abuse in football has been reported in different countries and has involved both amateur and professional levels of the sport. The abuse can occur within football clubs, academies, or other football-related organisations, and may involve coaches, staff members, or other individuals in positions of authority. Several high-profile cases have brought attention to the issue and led to investigations, legal actions, and calls for better safeguarding measures within football. Football governing bodies, such as <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> and national <a href="/wiki/Football_association" title="Football association">football associations</a>, have implemented various measures to protect young participants. These measures include enhanced background checks for coaches and staff, the establishment of clear codes of conduct and reporting mechanisms, and mandatory safeguarding training for those involved in youth football. Additionally, independent inquiries and investigations have been conducted to uncover the extent of child abuse in football and to provide recommendations for improved safeguarding practices. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse#Definitions" title="Child abuse">Child abuse § Definitions</a></div> Child abuse in association football or soccer refers to instances where children involved in football, whether as players or in other roles, have been subjected to various forms of abuse, including physical, emotional, and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Child abuse refers to the physical, sexual, and/ or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, particularly by a parent or caregiver. It may include any act or failure to act by a caregiver or parent that results in harm, actual or potential, to a child and can occur in a child's home, organisations, schools, or community.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Child abuse can take various forms, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Different professionals, social and cultural groups, and even different time periods have varying definitions of what constitutes child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Coghill-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hersen-7">[7]</a> Abuse and maltreatment are often used interchangeably, and child maltreatment can be an umbrella term that covers all forms of child abuse and neglect.<a href="#cite_note-McCoyIntro-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Surveillance-9">[9]</a>: 11  The definition of child maltreatment depends on cultural values related to children, child development, and parenting.<a href="#cite_note-Midgley-10">[10]</a> Definitions of child maltreatment can vary among different sectors of society that deal with the issue, such as child protection agencies, legal and medical communities, public health officials, researchers, practitioners, and child advocates.<a href="#cite_note-Surveillance2-11">[11]</a> Abuse usually refers to deliberate acts of commission, while neglect refers to acts of omission.<a href="#cite_note-AIFSWhat-12">[12]</a> Child maltreatment includes both acts of commission and acts of omission by parents or caregivers that cause actual or threatened harm to a child. Some health professionals and authors consider neglect as part of the definition of abuse, while others do not.<a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-13">[13]</a> Delayed effects of child abuse and neglect, especially emotional neglect, and the diversity of acts that qualify as child abuse are also factors.<a href="#cite_note-Friedman-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> defines child abuse and child maltreatment as "all forms of physical and/ or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development, or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power".<a href="#cite_note-WHO_abuse_and_neglect-15">[15]</a> According to the WHO, violence against children encompasses various types of violence directed towards individuals below the age of 18, irrespective of whether it is inflicted by parents, caregivers, peers, intimate partners, or individuals unknown to the child.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics">Statistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Statistics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lack_of_data">Lack of data</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lack of data">edit</a>]</div> In general, there is no statistics on child abuse in most of non European countries, including UAE<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-:4-18">[18]</a> This in some instances stem from the lack of an explicit definition to child abuse. For example, <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_China" title="Child abuse in China">Child abuse in China</a> is not explicitly defined in the Chinese law code. The existing laws, such as the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Criminal Law, do not have specific articles on child abuse. Statistics suggest that a significant number of Chinese children have experienced various forms of abuse, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>The Sudanese Child Law of 2010 increased the punishment for child molestation which may reach 15 years in prison, but it criminalised sexual abuse without defining it, and the definition typically taken from the Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li>The United Arab Emirates does not have a specific criminal offense called "child abuse" but uses the term as a comprehensive description of a range of activities that may or may not constitute criminal offenses.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li>The Tunisian Penal Code stipulates a penalty for child molestation, and the penalty ranges from two years to 12 years in prison if it is committed by a person who has authority over the victim.<a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[22]</a> Tunisian lawyer, Sabrine Weslati, said in an interview with Al-Hurra website that, "Unfortunately, there are texts that punish sexual harassment in general and children in particular, but there is no law specific to sexual crimes against minor".<a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[22]</a></li></ul> In addition, the fear of shame and stigma often acts as a significant barrier for children and families when it comes to reporting child abuse. Victims of child abuse, particularly sexual abuse, may experience a sense of shame and anticipation of stigma, which can lead to non-disclosure and avoidance of seeking help.<a href="#cite_note-:10-23">[23]</a> This fear comes from various factors, including societal attitudes, cultural norms, and concerns about personal and familial reputation.<a href="#cite_note-:10-23">[23]</a> The anticipation of shame and stigma can be even more pronounced in certain communities or cultural contexts where discussing sensitive topics like child abuse is considered taboo or where there is a lack of awareness and understanding about the issue.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Also, the fear of ruining family honour often prevents children from speaking out about sexual abuse, further exacerbating the issue of reporting abuse.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Also, the fear of shame and several factors prevent an unknown number of victims and their families from receiving or seeking treatment.<a href="#cite_note-:4-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Available_data">Available data</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Available data">edit</a>]</div> In Europe, a study conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wuppertal" title="University of Wuppertal">University of Wuppertal</a> in six European countries, Austria, the <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> region of Belgium, Germany, Romania, Spain, and the UK, and involving over 10,000 individuals revealed that three-quarters of children had encountered abuse in sport, with boys being more vulnerable than girls.<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a> The research, funded by the European Union, highlighted that abuse is common in non-school sports was psychological, such as a lack of recognition to humiliating treatment. Around 64% of the participants reported experiencing psychological abuse, while 44% had encountered physical violence.<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Mike Hartill, the lead author of the report from Edge Hill University, emphasised that the findings indicate insufficient efforts by sports governing bodies in Europe to protect children and call for more significant actions beyond mere policy development.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The study focused on individuals aged 18 to 30 who had participated in sports before the age of 18, with the highest incidence of abuse observed among those who had competed internationally, with 84% reporting some form of abuse. Hartill stressed that the potential harm caused by withholding recognition and its potential role in grooming for more severe forms of abuse. The prevalence of abuse varied across countries, with Belgium having the highest incidence at 80% and Austria the lowest at 70%. Notably, except for Austria, in all the countries surveyed, there was a notable increase in the likelihood of boys encountering violence compared to other groups.<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[27]</a> In addition, Instances of sexual harassment have been reported among female athletes in Greece, with approximately 32% of female athletes reporting experiences of sexual harassment from male athletes, while 16% reported such incidents involving their coaches.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In Africa, the Committee on Youth, Sport, and Child Matters in Zambia's National Assembly received a petition advocating for stricter laws on child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The 2014 Zambia Violence against Children Survey (VACS), a national survey that examines experiences of physical, sexual, and emotional violence among 13-24-year-olds in Zambia, was conducted revealing that two in five males and two in six females experienced child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children_safeguarding_in_football">Children safeguarding in football</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Children safeguarding in football">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>, the international governing body of football, provides guidelines and toolkits for safeguarding children in football. These resources outline steps that football organisations should take to establish safeguarding policies, develop procedures and guidelines, and communicate and educate stakeholders about child protection.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Regional football confederations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a> (AFC), also recognise the significance of child safeguarding and have established policies to ensure the well-being and rights of children involved in football.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union_Sport_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Union Sport Council (page does not exist)">African Union Sport Council</a> (AUSC) has introduced a manual titled "Promoting Safety in African Sport and Sport for Development (S4D) Environments: A Comprehensive Guide for Practitioners, from Policy to Implementation." This manual seeks to ensure the protection of children and vulnerable adults engaged in sports activities in Africa, offering essential insights and resources for professionals working in this field.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a> (CAF) has taken steps to ensure the safety and protection of youngsters participating in football activities. CAF has organized safeguarding workshops as part of the CAF African Schools Football Championship.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">Union of European Football Associations</a> (UEFA), in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Terre_des_hommes" title="Terre des hommes">Terre des hommes</a>, has developed a child safeguarding toolkit for European football associations to protect children from abuse and respond to concerns.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Additionally, UEFA and Terre des hommes have conducted in-depth child safeguarding workshops for national football associations, aiming to enhance knowledge and advance child safeguarding practices.<a href="#cite_note-:7-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Football_Federation" title="Italian Football Federation">Italian Football Federation</a> (FIGC), UEFA, and <a href="/wiki/Terre_des_hommes" title="Terre des hommes">Terre des Hommes</a> Italy have actively participated in delivering educational programs to safeguard children and young people from abuse, violence, and discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The UEFA has partnered with Terre des hommes Albania to develop a national child protection policy in Albania, aligning with UEFA's initiative to safeguard children in football.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Association_of_Football" title="Ukrainian Association of Football">Ukrainian Association of Football</a> (UAF), for instance, has approved a Child Safeguarding Policy to create safe conditions for football and children.<a href="#cite_note-:7-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Football_Federation" title="Romanian Football Federation">Romanian Football Federation</a> (RFF) initiated programs aimed at combating violence against children.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The Greek government has recognised the need for tougher laws to combat sexual abuse and protect minors, as a response to the increasing number of scandals in culture and sport.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Programs and initiatives, such as those carried out by Terre des hommes, aim to consolidate policies and protocols in sports and recreation settings, including summer camps, to protect children and prevent abuse.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">Football Association</a> (FA) in England offered safeguarding courses that are football-focused and child-centred, with the goal of increasing awareness and creating a safe and enjoyable football environment for all participants.<a href="#cite_note-:6-45">[45]</a> The FA emphasises the importance of obtaining consent from parents or guardians before involving children in football activities and encourages open communication with children to ensure a positive experience.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Over 350,000 individuals have attended these courses.<a href="#cite_note-:6-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Ireland" title="Football Association of Ireland">Football Association of Ireland</a> (FAI) has acknowledged child welfare issues. It has been in contact with counterparts such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">English Football Association</a> (FA) and the Irish Football Association to improve safeguarding measures.<a href="#cite_note-:1-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Known_cases_by_country">Known cases by country</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Known cases by country">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> There have been allegations and investigations related to the physical and sexual abuse of young female players within the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Football_Federation" title="Afghanistan Football Federation">Afghanistan Football Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Also, Sayed Aghazada, a former Afghan football official, received a five-year ban for his failure to report and prevent the sexual abuse of female players.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, two of the country's biggest football clubs, <a href="/wiki/River_Plate_F.C." title="River Plate F.C.">River Plate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Independiente" title="Club Atlético Independiente">Club Atlético Independiente</a>, were named in child abuse allegations made by a local Non-governmental organization.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> It was alleged that young players were forced into prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Three men were held for five months in connection to the scandal but were later released.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Football_Association" title="Argentine Football Association">Argentine Football Association</a> has vowed to closely monitor boarding houses where youth players live following the scandal involving minors at River Plate and Independiente.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In addition, the women's national team coach was accused of sexually harassing and bullying teenage girls as young as 14.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> The exposure of abuse incidents involving prominent former sports professionals has prompted the initiation of independent inquiries and reviews aimed at addressing the issue of child protection in the realm of sports.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> One notable case involved a paedophile coach named Darrell Ray, who ran the Saints team for several seasons and abused many players.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Football_Australia" title="Football Australia">Football Australia</a> has taken steps to address abuse within the sport and has opted in to allow athletes in top leagues and national teams to bring forward complaints related to alleged abuse, harassment, or bullying.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> They provide contact details for reporting child abuse allegations, including <a href="/wiki/ACT_Policing" title="ACT Policing">ACT Police</a> and Child and Youth Protection Services in the Australian Capital Territory.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> Brazil has faced a child abuse scandal within its football community, with reports of sexual abuse involving a prestigious football club and its soccer academy.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The power of football in Brazil is significant, and speaking out about abuse in the sport requires immense courage, as getting a break in football is often a dream for many families.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Democratic Republic of the Congo">edit</a>]</div> FIFA's ethics committee has imposed a temporary suspension of five months on Jonathan Bukabakwa, a former football coach, in response to accusations of sexual abuse involving underage individuals.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The investigation was prompted by allegations made on various media platforms in November 2022. Bukabakwa is one of several coaches in the country under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> Ahmed G., former amateur football coach, was sentenced to 18 years for sexually abusing and raping young players.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gabon">Gabon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gabon">edit</a>]</div> Patrick Assoumou Eyi, a long-serving Under-17 coach in Gabon, has been accused of exploiting young players, grooming, and raping. Eyi was provisionally suspended by the Gabonese Football Federation (Fegafoot) following the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-:8-65">[65]</a> He was subsequently arrested on suspicion of sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Serge Mombo, a well-known football official in Gabon, has faced allegations of sexually exploiting young players and using sex as a prerequisite for securing positions in national teams. FIFA has opened an investigation into the allegations of sexual abuse in Gabonese football, which includes the actions of these coaches and officials.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Pierre-Alain Mounguengui, president of the <a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Football_Federation" title="Gabonese Football Federation">Gabonese Football Federation</a> (Fegafoot), faced charges of "failure to report crimes of paedophilia," with a report alleged sexual abuse of hundreds of children within the football system.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Despite awaiting trial, Mounguengui attended the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022 FIFA World Cup</a> opening match. <a href="/wiki/FIFPRO" title="FIFPRO">Fifpro</a>, International Federation of Professional Footballers, issued a statement expressing concern that photos of Mounguengui being embraced by the president of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a> at the World Cup would discourage victims and whistleblowers from coming forward, as it may put their lives and their families at risk. Mounguengui maintains his innocence. Gabon’s sports minister suggested that the victims could be in the hundreds.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Greece">edit</a>]</div> An Israeli soccer player, who was in Greece at the time, has been arrested due to allegations of engaging in an indecent act with a minor. The player was taken into custody based on the accusations made against him.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Iraq">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, Alsumaria TV channel investigated and interviewed footballers, revealing the problem's far reach and the stigma that faces the victims.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> A statement from the Al-Sinaa Club's coach alleged that almost half of the football coaches were accused of sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> An anonymous football player stated that "in many cases, bloody quarrels took place between the coaches to win one of the handsome players," adding, "The victim becomes more like the private sexual property of the one who signs him, and no one else can approach him."<a href="#cite_note-:2-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-76">[76]</a> He accused the authorities of being silent about the spread of sexual harassment in fields and stadiums.<a href="#cite_note-:2-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-76">[76]</a> Muhammad Adnan, the father of a victim, told a tragic story that happened to his son, as he says, "My son entered the dressing room, and then three boys, between the ages of 12 and 15 years old, put him in a corner and felt his body."<a href="#cite_note-:2-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> The Iranian sports ministry faced criticism for its handling of the reports of sexual abuse of minors,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> with evidence suggesting that they were aware of the abuse for several weeks,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblowers</a> being penalised.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_association_football#Italy" title="Racism in association football">Racism in Italian football</a> is a concerning aspect, as it affects players of diverse backgrounds. Incidents of racist abuse directed at players, including young athletes, have been reported. In 2019, a 14-year-old goalkeeper faced racist chants from spectators during a local game in <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a>, Liguria.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Morocco">edit</a>]</div> The General Prosecutor of the King at the Court of Appeal of <a href="/wiki/Settat" title="Settat">Settat</a> gave instructions to investigate a case of sexual harassment against a child in a junior football club in <a href="/wiki/Youssoufia_Berrechid" title="Youssoufia Berrechid">Youssoufia Berrechid</a>. This case came to light after the father of one of the practising children in the same school, according to a complaint in which he confirmed that two coaches in a football school harassed his son through pornographic pictures and words.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> Described by the BBC as the largest sexual abuse case in Norway, a 26-year-old man football referee, has been the subject of a years-long investigation and faces charges involving more than 300 boys. The victims, primarily targeted through online interactions in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, were lured by the man who posed as a girl on chat forums. Gaining their trust, he convinced them to share explicit photos and videos. Subsequently, he allegedly blackmailed them by threatening to expose the material unless they sent more. Reports indicate that he received over 16,000 videos. The charges against him include rape, which stems from the physical abuse of victims whom he met in person. The victims, aged between 9 and 21, mostly felt unable to disclose the abuse to their parents. In 2016, the suspect was initially arrested, released, and later detained again. He was held in jail near Oslo. While his lawyer claimed that he had cooperated with the police and had been undergoing therapy, he had not yet responded to each individual charge. The case was scheduled to be heard in court in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Another case involved a football coach in <a href="/wiki/Lyngdal" title="Lyngdal">Lyngdal</a>, who was later convicted of child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oman">Oman</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Oman">edit</a>]</div> An anonymous Omani footballer told the story of being sexually harassed by one of the club's coaches when he was a teenager, which forced him to migrate to Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sudan">edit</a>]</div> In 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, a man was accused of raping a boy and blackmailing him with the rape video. The case revealed that the predator used to frequent a football field in the <a href="/wiki/Burri_Almahas" title="Burri Almahas">Burri area</a>, played with children, and then lure them to his house.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In another case, a prison sentence of 3 years and a fine of 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_pound" title="Sudanese pound">Sudanese pound</a>, and non-payment of imprisonment for two months, for an accused coach who molested two children in <a href="/wiki/Al-Shajara,_Khartoum" title="Al-Shajara, Khartoum">Al-Shajara, Khartoum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tunisia">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, DiwanFM reported on allegations of sexual abuse of teenage boys at the <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Football_Federation" title="Tunisian Football Federation">Tunisian Football Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_football_sexual_abuse_scandal" title="United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal">United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_cases_at_Crewe_Alexandra_F.C." title="Sexual abuse cases at Crewe Alexandra F.C.">Sexual abuse cases at Crewe Alexandra F.C.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: England">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_football_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Child abuse in football in the United Kingdom">Child abuse in football in the United Kingdom</a> has garnered widespread attention and led to investigations and reforms.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Former professional footballers came forward and publicly disclosed their experiences of being abused by coaches and scouts during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The revelations led to a surge of further allegations, uncovering a pattern of abuse within football clubs across the UK.<a href="#cite_note-:5-1">[1]</a> Documentaries and series, such as "<a href="/wiki/Football%27s_Darkest_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="Football's Darkest Secrets">Football's Darkest Secret</a>," were produced to examine the historic child abuse in youth football across England during the 1970s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The scandal had a profound impact on the victims and the broader football community. It encouraged more victims to come forward and disclose instances of non-recent child sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Around 429 victims<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> have reported child sexual abuse within UK football clubs.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The scandal prompted a significant response from authorities and organisations within the football community. The FA initiated an independent investigation led by barrister Clive Sheldon QC to examine historical cases of child sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The inquiry identified institutional failings and the failure to adequately respond to complaints or rumors of sexual abuse at several professional clubs, including <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_F.C." title="Chelsea F.C.">Chelsea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southampton_F.C." title="Southampton F.C.">Southampton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C." title="Newcastle United F.C.">Newcastle United</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C." title="Aston Villa F.C.">Aston Villa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crewe_Alexandra_F.C." title="Crewe Alexandra F.C.">Crewe Alexandra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C." title="Manchester City F.C.">Manchester City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southampton_F.C." title="Southampton F.C.">Southampton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C." title="Stoke City F.C.">Stoke City</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_United_F.C." title="Peterborough United F.C.">Peterborough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The scandal and subsequent inquiries shed light on the systemic failures and "institutional failings" within the Football Association. The Sheldon review found significant shortcomings and failures to act appropriately on reports and suspicions of abuse within the football community.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In response to this, the FA, <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, and leading clubs issued formal apologies and recognised the need for improved child protection measures.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Furthermore, in 2021, Icelandic professional footballer <a href="/wiki/Gylfi_Sigur%C3%B0sson" title="Gylfi Sigurðsson">Gylfi Sigurðsson</a> has been under investigation by <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester Police</a> in the UK on suspicion of sexual child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Scotland">edit</a>]</div> There are documented historic sex abuse cases in Scotland<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> especially at <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Boys_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Boys Club">Celtic Boys Club</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers F.C.</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> While the boys club was not officially affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic FC</a>, several senior figures associated with it have been convicted of sex abuse crimes. Thompsons Solicitors represents over 20 survivors of abuse from the boys club. Despite attempts to engage in discussions with Celtic's lawyers, the club has refused meaningful engagement, leading to the decision to pursue test cases in court.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The legal action follows the imprisonment of individuals associated with Celtic Boys Club, such as Jim McCafferty,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Frank Cairney, and James Torbett. Celtic FC's CEO, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawwell" title="Peter Lawwell">Peter Lawwell</a>, has defended the club's actions, stating that they have conducted their own investigations through an independent lawyer due to legal constraints.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The club later apologised.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Ahead of a 'class action' court hearing scheduled for October, in September 2023 Celtic FC began negotiations to settle legal claims of historical abuse brought by more than 20 former players.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-19Sep2023-114">[114]</a> Malcolm Rodger, a former youth footballer, revealed he was sexually abused by convicted paedophile <a href="/wiki/Barry_Bennell" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Bennell">Barry Bennell</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> after being trafficked from Scotland to England. Rodger disclosed that he was introduced to Bennell by Bill Kelly, another convicted sex offender, and that the abuse took place during a tournament in Spain. He also identified former Celtic Boys' Club coach Jim McCafferty as another perpetrator who abused him. The Independent Review of Sexual Abuse in <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Scotland" title="Football in Scotland">Scottish Football</a> obtained evidence of trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association" title="Scottish Football Association">Scottish Football Association</a> was accused of "blocking justice".<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Venezuela">edit</a>]</div> Venezuelan players have come forward to share accounts of sexual harassment and abuse perpetrated by coach Kenneth Zseremeta. The players have provided detailed descriptions of the misconduct they experienced while under Zseremeta's coaching. The allegations involve various forms of sexual harassment and abuse. In addition to the previous allegations, a teammate has reportedly disclosed that she was subjected to sexual abuse by coach Kenneth Zseremeta since the age of 14.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe">edit</a>]</div> There have been allegations of sexual harassment and abuse involving female referees and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Football_Association" title="Zimbabwe Football Association">Zimbabwe Football Association</a> (Zifa) officials. The silence and lack of response from Zifa and FIFA regarding these allegations have been criticised.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49253181">"Football's child sex abuse scandal: A timeline"</a>. 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Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829063410/https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/CM_Surveillance-a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Child+Maltreatment+Surveillance%3A+Uniform+Definitions+for+Public+Health+and+Recommended+Data+Elements%2C+Version+1.0&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Georgia&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+National+Center+for+Injury+Prevention+and+Control&rft.date=2008-01&rft.au=Leeb%2C+R.T.&rft.au=Paulozzi%2C+L.J.&rft.au=Melanson%2C+C.&rft.au=Simon%2C+T.R.&rft.au=Arias%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Fpdf%2Fcm_surveillance-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Midgley-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Midgley_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConley,_Amy2010" class="citation book cs1">Conley, Amy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0n9MCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT53">"2. Social Development, Social Investment, and Child Welfare"</a>. In Midgley, James; Conley, Amy (eds.). Social Work and Social Development: Theories and Skills for Developmental Social Work. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 53–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-045350-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-045350-3"><bdi>978-0-19-045350-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224005422/https://books.google.com/books?id=0n9MCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT53">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+Social+Development%2C+Social+Investment%2C+and+Child+Welfare&rft.btitle=Social+Work+and+Social+Development%3A+Theories+and+Skills+for+Developmental+Social+Work&rft.pages=53-55&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-045350-3&rft.au=Conley%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0n9MCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Surveillance2-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Surveillance2_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeb,_R.T.Paulozzi,_L.J.Melanson,_C.Simon,_T.R.2008" class="citation book cs1">Leeb, R.T.; Paulozzi, L.J.; Melanson, C.; Simon, T.R.; Arias, I. (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/cm_surveillance-a.pdf">Child Maltreatment Surveillance: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0</a> (PDF). Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829063410/https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/CM_Surveillance-a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Child+Maltreatment+Surveillance%3A+Uniform+Definitions+for+Public+Health+and+Recommended+Data+Elements%2C+Version+1.0&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Georgia&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+National+Center+for+Injury+Prevention+and+Control&rft.date=2008-01&rft.au=Leeb%2C+R.T.&rft.au=Paulozzi%2C+L.J.&rft.au=Melanson%2C+C.&rft.au=Simon%2C+T.R.&rft.au=Arias%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fviolenceprevention%2Fpdf%2Fcm_surveillance-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIFSWhat-12"><a href="#cite_ref-AIFSWhat_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/what-child-abuse-and-neglect">"What is Child Abuse and Neglect?"</a>. Australian Institute of Family Studies. September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915225607/https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/what-child-abuse-and-neglect">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Child+Abuse+and+Neglect%3F&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Family+Studies&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faifs.gov.au%2Fcfca%2Fpublications%2Fwhat-child-abuse-and-neglect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Srivastava-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Srivastava_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehnaz,_Aisha2013" class="citation book cs1">Mehnaz, Aisha (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgpEpebbhWcC&pg=PA100">"Child Neglect: Wider Dimensions"</a>. In RN Srivastava; Rajeev Seth; Joan van Niekerk (eds.). Child Abuse and Neglect: Challenges and Opportunities. JP Medical Ltd. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9350904497" title="Special:BookSources/978-9350904497"><bdi>978-9350904497</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223235503/https://books.google.com/books?id=SgpEpebbhWcC&pg=PA100">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2017. <q>Many do not consider neglect a kind of abuse, especially in a condition where the parents are involved as it is often considered unintentional and arise from a lack of knowledge or awareness. This may be true in certain circumstances, and often it results in insurmountable problems being faced by the parents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Child+Neglect%3A+Wider+Dimensions&rft.btitle=Child+Abuse+and+Neglect%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=JP+Medical+Ltd&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9350904497&rft.au=Mehnaz%2C+Aisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgpEpebbhWcC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedman-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Friedman_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmanBillick2015" class="citation journal cs1">Friedman, E; Billick, SB (June 2015). "Unintentional child neglect: literature review and observational study". <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_Quarterly" title="Psychiatric Quarterly">Psychiatric Quarterly</a>. 86 (2): 253–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11126-014-9328-0">10.1007/s11126-014-9328-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25398462">25398462</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9090210">9090210</a>. <q>[T]he issue of child neglect is still not well understood, partially because child neglect does not have a consistent, universally accepted definition. Some researchers consider child neglect and child abuse to be one in the same [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], while other researchers consider them to be conceptually different. Factors that make child neglect difficult to define include: (1) Cultural differences; motives must be taken into account because parents may believe they are acting in the child's best interests based on cultural beliefs (2) the fact that the effect of child abuse is not always immediately visible; the effects of emotional neglect specifically may not be apparent until later in the child's development, and (3) the large spectrum of actions that fall under the category of child abuse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Unintentional+child+neglect%3A+literature+review+and+observational+study.&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=253-9&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9090210%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25398462&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11126-014-9328-0&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Billick%2C+SB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO_abuse_and_neglect-15"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO_abuse_and_neglect_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/global_campaign/en/chap3.pdf">"Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092230/http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/global_campaign/en/chap3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Child+abuse+and+neglect+by+parents+and+other+caregivers&rft.pages=3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fviolence_injury_prevention%2Fviolence%2Fglobal_campaign%2Fen%2Fchap3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-children">"Violence against children"</a>. www.who.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314005050/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-children">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=Violence+against+children&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets%2Fdetail%2Fviolence-against-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mondaq.com/human-rights/636166/uae-child-protection-laws">"UAE Child Protection Laws - Human Rights - United Arab Emirates"</a>. www.mondaq.com. Retrieved 17 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mondaq.com&rft.atitle=UAE+Child+Protection+Laws+-+Human+Rights+-+United+Arab+Emirates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondaq.com%2Fhuman-rights%2F636166%2Fuae-child-protection-laws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alhurra.com/arabic-and-international/2021/03/12/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9">"التحرش بالأطفال في قوانين بعض الدول العربية.. عقوبات مشددة و"المشكلة في الإثبات""</a> [Child molestation in the laws of some Arab countries.. Severe penalties and "the problem with proof"]. www.alhurra.com (in Arabic). 21 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203055807/https://www.alhurra.com/arabic-and-international/2021/03/12/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.alhurra.com&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9..+%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D9%88%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%22&rft.date=2021-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alhurra.com%2Farabic-and-international%2F2021%2F03%2F12%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B6-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuBrightAhn2018" class="citation journal cs1">Xu, Yanfeng; Bright, Charlotte Lyn; Ahn, Haksoon (1 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijsw.12287">"Responding to child maltreatment: Comparison between the USA and China"</a>. International Journal of Social Welfare. 27 (2): 107–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fijsw.12287">10.1111/ijsw.12287</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1369-6866">1369-6866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Social+Welfare&rft.atitle=Responding+to+child+maltreatment%3A+Comparison+between+the+USA+and+China&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=107-120&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fijsw.12287&rft.issn=1369-6866&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Yanfeng&rft.au=Bright%2C+Charlotte+Lyn&rft.au=Ahn%2C+Haksoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fijsw.12287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultrasudan.ultrasawt.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9">"التحرش الجنسي في السودان.. معاناة يومية في غياب الحماية القانونية"</a>. الترا سودان | Ultra Sudan (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%7C+Ultra+Sudan&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86..+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultrasudan.ultrasawt.com%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A9-%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25BA%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B0-%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moi-cpc.ae/en/CHILD.PROTECTION.DIMENSION.aspx">"CPC - Home"</a>. www.moi-cpc.ae. 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PLOS ONE. 16 (10): e0258782. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PLoSO..1658782S">2021PLoSO..1658782S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0258782">10.1371/journal.pone.0258782</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523057">8523057</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34662349">34662349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Stigma+as+a+barrier+to+addressing+childhood+trauma+in+conversation+with+trauma+survivors%3A+A+study+in+the+general+population&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e0258782&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8523057%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PLoSO..1658782S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34662349&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0258782&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Schomerus&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.au=Schindler%2C+Stephanie&rft.au=Rechenberg%2C+Theresia&rft.au=Gfesser%2C+Tobias&rft.au=Grabe%2C+Hans+J.&rft.au=Liebergesell%2C+Mario&rft.au=Sander%2C+Christian&rft.au=Ulke%2C+Christine&rft.au=Speerforck%2C+Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8523057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/child-sexual-abuse-ethnic-minorities-barriers-reporting-shame_uk_5ef38cdec5b615e5cd381536">"Shame, Stigma And Stereotypes: How Child Sexual Abuse In Ethnic Minorities Is Being Hidden"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=The+man+who+revealed+an+abuse+in+English+football+helps+young+players+in+Brazil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fthe-man-who-revealed-abuse-in-english-football-helps-youngster-in-brazil-11345712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessghana.com/">"African sport rocked by sexual abuse allegations in DR Congo and Cameroon"</a>. BusinessGhana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129173006/https://www.businessghana.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2020. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518201346/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/dec/17/gabons-fa-suspends-leading-football-coach-accused-of-raping-boys">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023. 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Retrieved 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Israeli+soccer+player+in+Greece+arrested+over+alleged+indecent+act+with+a+minor&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=ToI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisraeli-soccer-player-in-greece-arrested-over-alleged-indecent-act-with-a-minor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsumaria2018" class="citation cs2">Alsumaria (13 September 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf-2DW4Xppg">التحرش الجنسي في الملاعب والاندية العراقية</a> [Sexual harassment in Iraqi stadiums and clubs] (Video), retrieved 21 May 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.au=Alsumaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Drf-2DW4Xppg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthab2018" class="citation cs2">Athab, Ali (17 July 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyqcOUsCvA8">نصف مدربي العراق محكوم عليهم مؤبد بسبب التحرش الجنسي تصريح مدرب نادي الصناعة</a> [Half of Iraq's coaches are sentenced to life because of sexual harassment, a statement from the Al-Sinaa Club coach] (Video), retrieved 21 May 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft.aulast=Athab&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGyqcOUsCvA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_75-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad2021" class="citation web cs1">Muhammad, Helen (13 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=721867">"البيدوفيليا في العراق ..اضطرابات تهدد مستقبل الفرق الكروية"</a> [Paedophilia in Iraq .. Disorders threaten the future of football teams]. الحوار المتمدن. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429021924/https://ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=721867">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+..%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2021-06-13&rft.aulast=Muhammad&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahewar.org%2Fdebat%2Fshow.art.asp%3Faid%3D721867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irfaasawtak.com/iraq/2018/02/26/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9">"التحرش الجنسي.. ظاهرة طارئة تجتاح بعض الأوساط الرياضية"</a> [Sexual harassment.. an emergency phenomenon sweeping some sports circles]. 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Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iirfaasawtak&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A..+%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irfaasawtak.com%2Firaq%2F2018%2F02%2F26%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B6-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranintl.com/en/202301215205">"Reports Of Sexual Abuse Force Iran Sports Minister To Order Investigation"</a>. Iran International. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+International&rft.atitle=Reports+Of+Sexual+Abuse+Force+Iran+Sports+Minister+To+Order+Investigation&rft.date=2023-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranintl.com%2Fen%2F202301215205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranintl.com/en/202301242914">"Iran Sports Ministry Downplaying Abuse Of Kids At Football School"</a>. Iran International. 17 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518201353/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202301242914">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+International&rft.atitle=Iran+Sports+Ministry+Downplaying+Abuse+Of+Kids+At+Football+School&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranintl.com%2Fen%2F202301242914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranintl.com/en/202302162466">"Iran Prosecutes Whistleblowers On Sexual Abuse Of Minors"</a>. Iran International. 18 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511234935/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202302162466">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+International&rft.atitle=Iran+Prosecutes+Whistleblowers+On+Sexual+Abuse+Of+Minors&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranintl.com%2Fen%2F202302162466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiuffrida2019" class="citation news cs1">Giuffrida, Angela (26 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/26/racism-in-italian-football-a-scourge-of-youth-game-too-say-campaigners">"Italian football racism a scourge of youth game too, say campaigners"</a>. 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Ahdath (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022111213/http://ahdath.info/521503">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahdath&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.aulast=Hasadi&rft.aufirst=Almajeed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdath.info%2F521503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46287974">"Norway child abuse: Man held over assaults on 300 boys"</a>. BBC News. 21 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212002529/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46287974">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Norway+child+abuse%3A+Man+held+over+assaults+on+300+boys&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46287974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFadmin2022" class="citation web cs1">admin (8 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teknomers.com/en/football-coach-in-lyngdal-convicted-of-child-abuse-news-norway-overview-of-news-from-different-parts-of-the-country/,%20https://www.nrk.no/norge/fotballtrenar-i-lyngdal-domt-for-overgrep-mot-barn-1.15994424">"Football coach in Lyngdal convicted of child abuse - news Norway - Overview of news from different parts of the country - Teknomers English News"</a>. 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Alrakoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alrakoba&rft.atitle=%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.aulast=Hamid&rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Alkhair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alrakoba.net%2F1097771%2F%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25BA%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamil2013" class="citation web cs1">Kamil, Athar (18 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alrakoba.net/1078891/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86/">"محاكمة شاب تحرش بطفلين"</a> [Trial of a young man who molested two children]. Alrakoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alrakoba&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft.aulast=Kamil&rft.aufirst=Athar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alrakoba.net%2F1078891%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2583%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B7%25D9%2581%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/DiwanFM/videos/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/418664450379883/">"خطير جدا فضيحة مدوية و تحرش وإعتداءات جنسية في جامعة كرة القدم"</a> [A very serious scandal, harassment and sexual assault in the Football League]. DiwanFM (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DiwanFM&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FDiwanFM%2Fvideos%2F%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B6%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2588-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%2F418664450379883%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhindMcDermottLambertKoleva2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rhind, Daniel; McDermott, Jamie; Lambert, Emma; Koleva, Irena (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2306">"A Review of Safeguarding Cases in Sport"</a>. 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The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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Retrieved 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Barry+Bennell%3A+Ex-Butlin%27s+owners+to+be+sued+by+child+abuse+victim&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-57485138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-51653184">"Football sex abuse scandal: Youth 'trafficked' by paedophiles"</a>. BBC News. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Football+sex+abuse+scandal%3A+Youth+%27trafficked%27+by+paedophiles&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-51653184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-61880621">"Victims abused by referee Hugh Stevenson say the SFA is blocking justice"</a>. BBC News. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Victims+abused+by+referee+Hugh+Stevenson+say+the+SFA+is+blocking+justice&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-61880621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.as.com/en/2021/10/06/soccer/1633521298_019401.html">"Venezuelan players detail sexual harassment and abuse by coach Kenneth Zseremeta"</a>. Diario AS. 6 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001200747/https://en.as.com/en/2021/10/06/soccer/1633521298_019401.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+AS&rft.atitle=Venezuelan+players+detail+sexual+harassment+and+abuse+by+coach+Kenneth+Zseremeta&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.as.com%2Fen%2F2021%2F10%2F06%2Fsoccer%2F1633521298_019401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaronsMolina2022" class="citation news cs1">Aarons, Ed; Molina, Romain (26 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/26/zimbabwe-fa-and-fifa-accused-of-silence-over-sexual-harassment-claims">"Zimbabwe FA and Fifa accused of 'silence' over sexual harassment claims"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125061851/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/26/zimbabwe-fa-and-fifa-accused-of-silence-over-sexual-harassment-claims">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe+FA+and+Fifa+accused+of+%27silence%27+over+sexual+harassment+claims&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Aarons&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.au=Molina%2C+Romain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2022%2Fjan%2F26%2Fzimbabwe-fa-and-fifa-accused-of-silence-over-sexual-harassment-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Child_abuse_in_football&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000ths4/episodes/guide">"Football's Darkest Secret"</a>. BBC. 23 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Football%27s+Darkest+Secret&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fm000ths4%2Fepisodes%2Fguide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChild+abuse+in+football" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsumaria2018" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alsumaria (13 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf-2DW4Xppg">التحرش الجنسي في الملاعب والاندية العراقية</a> [Sexual harassment in Iraqi stadiums and clubs] (in Arabic).</cite><span 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talk:Association football"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_football" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association football"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern code</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_association_football" title="History of association football">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_association_football" title="Timeline of association football">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">First league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Scotland_v_England_football_match" title="1872 Scotland v England football match">First international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_clubs" title="Oldest football clubs">Oldest clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_competitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldest football competitions">Oldest competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_ban_football_games" title="Attempts to ban football games">Attempts to ban the sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancestors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio Fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_public_school_football_games" title="English public school football games">English school games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkyros" title="Episkyros">Episkyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn Grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_division_football" title="Old division football">Old Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and Downies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Football_(soccer_ball).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/70px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/105px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/140px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="544" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)" title="Laws of the Game (association football)">Current</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Away_goals_rule" title="Away goals rule">Away goals rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(association_football)" title="Ball (association football)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play" title="Ball in and out of play">Ball in/out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_kick" title="Corner kick">Corner kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods" title="Association football">Duration of the match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_pitch" title="Football pitch">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouls_and_Misconduct_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouls and Misconduct (association football)">Fouls and misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_kick" title="Free kick">Free kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_kick" title="Goal kick">Goal kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_difference" title="Goal difference">Goal difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offside_(association_football)" title="Offside (association football)">Offside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">Penalty kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)" title="Penalty shoot-out (association football)">Penalty shoot-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football#Players,_equipment,_and_officials" title="Association football">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referee_(association_football)" title="Referee (association football)">Referee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_referee_(association_football)" title="Assistant referee (association football)">Assistants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_in_association_football" title="Scoring in association football">Scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Start_and_Restart_of_Play_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Start and Restart of Play (association football)">Start and restart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw-in" title="Throw-in">Throw-in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Rules" title="Sheffield Rules">Sheffield rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_rules" title="Cambridge rules">Cambridge rules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board" title="International Football Association Board">IFAB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(association_football)" title="Ball (association football)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_boot" title="Football boot">Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Kit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Away_colours" title="Away colours">Away colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_jersey" title="Third jersey">Third jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwback_uniform" title="Throwback uniform">Throwback uniform</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants of the game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">Amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="College association football">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_soccer" title="Crab soccer">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-a-side_football" title="Five-a-side football">Five-a-side</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepie_uppie" title="Keepie uppie">Keepie uppie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hacky_sack" title="Hacky sack">Footbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic association football">Paralympic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">Powerchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorkyball" title="Jorkyball">Jorkyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_goalie" title="Rush goalie">Rush goalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-a-side_football" title="Seven-a-side football">Seven-a-side</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sevens_(variation_of_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevens (variation of football)">Sevens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_football" title="Swamp football">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-sided_football" title="Three-sided football">Three-sided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3v3_Soccer" title="3v3 Soccer">3v3 Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_football" title="Walking football">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football_positions" title="Association football positions">Positions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)" title="Goalkeeper (association football)">Goalkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_(association_football)" title="Defender (association football)">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">Midfielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_(association_football)" title="Formation (association football)">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Association football tactics">Tactics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_kick" title="Bicycle kick">Bicycle kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curl_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curl (football)">Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutmeg (football)">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabona" title="Rabona">Rabona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_over" title="Step over">Step over</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms" title="Glossary of association football terms">Terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-football" title="Anti-football">Anti-football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenaccio" title="Catenaccio">Catenaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki-taka" title="Tiki-taka">Tiki-taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Total football">Total football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_mista" title="Zona mista">Zona mista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equaliser_(sports)" title="Equaliser (sports)">Equaliser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorabilia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_card" title="Association football card">Trading cards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supporters%27_group" title="Supporters' group">Organised supporters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barra_brava" title="Barra brava">Barra brava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curva_(stadia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curva (stadia)">Curva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_hooliganism" title="Football hooliganism">Hooliganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcida_organizada" title="Torcida organizada">Torcida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_chant" title="Football chant">Chant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_futsal" title="Comparison of association football and futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of association football and rugby union">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_association_football" title="Geography of association football">Main associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">North & Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONMEBOL" title="CONMEBOL">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Olympic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Football at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_competitions" title="List of association football competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_families" title="List of association football families">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_men%27s_association_football_players" title="Lists of men's association football players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_footballers_with_500_or_more_goals" title="List of footballers with 500 or more goals">Top scorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_association_football_clubs" title="Lists of association football clubs">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_men%27s_national_association_football_teams" title="List of men's national association football teams">National teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">Women's</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_competitions_in_women%27s_association_football" title="International competitions in women's association football">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_families" title="List of association football families">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_women%27s_association_football_players" title="Lists of women's association football players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_footballers_with_100_or_more_international_goals" title="List of women's footballers with 100 or more international goals">Top scorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_association_football_clubs" title="List of women's association football clubs">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_national_association_football_teams" title="List of women's national association football teams">National teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_man_(football)" title="12th man (football)">12th man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_films" title="List of association football films">Association football films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beautiful Game">Beautiful Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(association_football)" title="Captain (association football)">Captain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_culture" title="Association football culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity_and_association_football" title="Ethnicity and association football">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">Football club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_association_football" title="Geography of association football">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_association_football" title="Homosexuality in association football">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Football_History_%26_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Football History & Statistics">IFFHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_for_association_football" title="Names for association football">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_and_politics" title="Association football and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professionalism_in_association_football" title="Professionalism in association football">Professionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_association_football" title="Racism in association football">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_numbers_in_association_football" title="List of retired numbers in association football">Retired numbers (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_rivalries" title="List of association football rivalries">Rivalries (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSSSF" title="RSSSF">RSSSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_association_football" title="Smoking in association football">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad_number_(association_football)" title="Squad number (association football)">Squad number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_stadiums_by_country" title="List of association football stadiums by country">Stadiums (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(sport_badge)" title="Star (sport badge)">Stars on badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(association_football)" title="Transfer (association football)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_XI" title="World XI">World XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Association_football" title="Category:Association football">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Association_football" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Association football">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Association_football" title="Portal:Association football">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Football" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Football">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pedophilia_and_child_sexual_abuse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pedophilia" title="Template:Pedophilia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pedophilia" title="Template talk:Pedophilia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pedophilia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pedophilia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pedophilia_and_child_sexual_abuse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">Pedophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated <a href="/wiki/Chronophilia" title="Chronophilia">chronophilias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebephilia" title="Hebephilia">Hebephilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebophilia" title="Ephebophilia">Ephebophilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavior and legal aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_grooming" class="mw-redirect" title="Child grooming">Child grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">Child pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurtcore" title="Hurtcore">Hurtcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_erotica" title="Child erotica">Child erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_child_pornography" title="Simulated child pornography">Simulated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">Legality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_fictional_pornography_depicting_minors" title="Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors">Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_ring" title="Child sex ring">Child sex ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sexual_exploitation_of_children" title="Commercial sexual exploitation of children">Commercial sexual exploitation of children</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">Child prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child sex tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafficking_of_children" title="Trafficking of children">Child trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age" title="Marriageable age">Marriageable age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_causes_of_clerical_child_abuse" title="Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse">Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty" title="Pederasty">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Sexual_Abuse_Accommodation_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome">Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Child_sexual_abuse_by_country" title="Category:Child sexual abuse by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacha_bazi" title="Bacha bazi">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_Australia" title="Child sexual abuse in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_China" title="Child abuse in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Child sexual abuse in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_Pakistan" title="Child abuse in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_New_Zealand" title="Child abuse in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_Nigeria" title="Child sexual abuse in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatment methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_castration" title="Chemical castration">Chemical castration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">Castration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">Cognitive behavioral therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and support groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_Sexual_Abuse" title="Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse">Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circles_of_Support_and_Accountability" title="Circles of Support and Accountability">Circles of Support and Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silentlambs" title="Silentlambs">Silentlambs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivors_Network_of_those_Abused_by_Priests" title="Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests">Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_Pedophiles" title="Virtuous Pedophiles">Virtuous Pedophiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_Sexual_Abuse" title="Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse">Association for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Exploitation_and_Online_Protection_Command" title="Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command">Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_Watch" title="Jewish Community Watch">Jewish Community Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Missing_%26_Exploited_Children" title="National Center for Missing & Exploited Children">National Center for Missing & Exploited Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_Project_Dunkelfeld" title="Prevention Project Dunkelfeld">Prevention Project Dunkelfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Awareness_Center" title="The Awareness Center">The Awareness Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Waks" title="Manny Waks">Tzedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_Sale_and_Sexual_Exploitation_of_Children" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children">United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pedophile_activism" title="Anti-pedophile activism">Anti-pedophile activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creep_Catchers" title="Creep Catchers">Creep Catchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Justice_(group)" title="Dark Justice (group)">Dark Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perverted-Justice" title="Perverted-Justice">Perverted-Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetie_(internet_avatar)" title="Sweetie (internet avatar)">Sweetie (internet avatar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator" title="To Catch a Predator">To Catch a Predator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedophilia#Pedophile_advocacy_groups" title="Pedophilia">Pedophile advocacy groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pedophile_advocacy_organizations" title="List of pedophile advocacy organizations">List of pedophile advocacy organizations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Anglican Communion sexual abuse cases">Anglican Communion sexual abuse cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Catholic Church sexual abuse cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases_by_country" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_causes_of_clerical_child_abuse" title="Debate on the causes of clerical child abuse">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Catholic_sex_abuse_cases" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of Catholic sex abuse cases">media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_scandal_in_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Sexual abuse scandal in the Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_in_New_York_City_religious_institutions" title="Child sexual abuse in New York City religious institutions">Child sexual abuse in New York City religious institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses%27_handling_of_child_sex_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witnesses' handling of child sex abuse">Jehovah's Witnesses' handling of child sexual abuse cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_abuse_cases" title="Mormon abuse cases">Mormon sexual abuse cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_sex_abuse_cases" title="Scouting sex abuse cases">Scouting sexual abuse cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism#Pedophilia_and_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Haredi Judaism">Sexual abuse cases in Haredi Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adass_Israel_School_sex_abuse_scandal" title="Adass Israel School sex abuse scandal">Adass Israel School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_cases_in_Brooklyn%27s_Haredi_community" title="Sexual abuse cases in Brooklyn's Haredi community">Brooklyn's Haredi community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Care_(Australia)#Controversy" title="Jewish Care (Australia)">Jewish Care controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Waks" title="Manny Waks">Manny Waks case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Child abuse in soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_Quranic_schools" title="Child abuse in Quranic schools">Child abuse in Quranic schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" 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