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Good.">Download</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="headline"> <div class="wrapper"> <h2>Codex</h2> <div class="portlet" id="p-personal"> <p class="login">Codex tools: <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Category_Templates">Log in</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pagebody"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="col-10" id="bodyContent"> <h2 class="pagetitle">Category Templates</h2>  <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Introduction"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Introduction</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#What_Template_File_is_Used.3F"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">What Template File is Used?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Adding_Text_to_Category_Pages"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Adding Text to Category Pages</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Static_Text_Above_Posts"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Static Text Above Posts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Different_Text_on_Some_Category_Pages"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Different Text on Some Category Pages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Text_Displaying_Only_on_First_Page_of_Archive"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Text Displaying Only on First Page of Archive</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Category_Name"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Category Name</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Modifying_How_Posts_are_Displayed"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Modifying How Posts are Displayed</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Excerpts_vs._Full_Posts"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Excerpts vs. Full Posts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Display_Images_Linking_to_Full_Posts"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Display Images Linking to Full Posts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#What_categories_do_you_show_to_the_visitors.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">What categories do you show to the visitors?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Further_Reading"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Further Reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Related"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Related</span></a></li> </ul> </td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script> <a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"></a><h1> <span class="mw-headline"> Introduction </span></h1> <p>Since the advent of <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Using_Themes" title="Using Themes">Themes</a> in WordPress 1.5, changing the look and feel of your WordPress site has become fairly straightforward. For instance, when a viewer clicks on a link to one of the Categories on your site, he or she is taken to a page listing the Posts from that particular Category in chronological order, from newest Posts at the top to oldest at the bottom. There are many display choices, including whether to display the complete post or post excerpts, and what additional information to display (title, author, publish date, last modified time, etc.). Each theme makes different choices, and you might want to change them. </p><p>This article explains how to change what happens when the blog viewer is visiting one of your site's Category pages. This involves the use of Themes and Template files, so if you are new to template files, you might want to read <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Using_Themes" title="Using Themes">Using Themes</a> and <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Stepping_Into_Templates" title="Stepping Into Templates">Stepping Into Templates</a> first. </p> <a name="What_Template_File_is_Used.3F" id="What_Template_File_is_Used.3F"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline"> What Template File is Used? </span></h2> <p>The first step in modifying what happens when someone visits a Category page is to figure out which of your theme's files is going to be used to display the posts. This is known as the <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Hierarchy" title="Template Hierarchy">Template Hierarchy</a>. </p><p>In the case of categories, the hierarchy is fairly simple. For instance, suppose the slug of the Category in question is <b>news</b> and the Category ID is <b>6</b>. The Template Hierarchy specifies that WordPress will use the <i>first</i> Template file it finds in your current Theme's directory from the following list: </p> <ol><li><tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-slug.php</tt> (<b>Note:</b> available with <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Version_2.9" title="Version 2.9">Version 2.9</a>) </li><li><tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-ID.php</tt> </li><li><tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category.php</tt> </li><li><tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">archive.php</tt> </li><li><tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">index.php</tt> </li></ol> <p>That is, if you do not have a <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-slug.php</tt> (lets say <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-news.php</tt>), WordPress will check for a <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-ID.php</tt> (like <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036">category-6.php</tt>), and so on. </p><p>So, if you want to make the Category whose ID number is 6 look different from what it is currently (and different from other Category pages), you would want to create a <tt>category-6.php</tt> file. If you want to make all Category pages look different from other archive pages (such as date and author archives), then you would want to create or modify the <tt>category.php file</tt>. If you want to make changes to the look of all archive pages, you can create or modify the <tt>archive.php</tt> file. And if you modify the <tt>index.php</tt> file, you will affect your entire blog. </p><p>If you need to create a new file, it is a good idea to copy it from the next file in the hierarchy that exists. For instance, if you want a special display for Category 6, begin by copying the <tt>category.php</tt> file, or if you don't have one, use <tt>archive.php</tt>, and so on. </p> <a name="Examples" id="Examples"></a><h1> <span class="mw-headline"> Examples </span></h1> <p>Now that you've figured out which template file in your theme's directory you need to modify, in order to make changes to the look of Category pages, let's look at some examples. In these examples, when it says "edit your template file", it means to edit the file you chose in the section above. </p> <a name="Adding_Text_to_Category_Pages" id="Adding_Text_to_Category_Pages"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline"> Adding Text to Category Pages </span></h2> <a name="Static_Text_Above_Posts" id="Static_Text_Above_Posts"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Static Text Above Posts </span></h3> <p>Suppose you want some static text displayed before the list of Posts on your Category page(s). By "static", we mean text that remains the same, no matter which posts will be displayed below, and no matter which category is being displayed. Here is how to do it: above <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/The_Loop" title="The Loop">The Loop</a> section of your Template file, insert the following code: </p> <pre> <p> This is some text that will display at the top of the Category page. </p></pre> <a name="Different_Text_on_Some_Category_Pages" id="Different_Text_on_Some_Category_Pages"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Different Text on Some Category Pages </span></h3> <p>A slightly more complex possibility is that you want different text to display depending on which category page the visitor is viewing. Then you would add the "default" text to the main <tt>category.php</tt> file, and create special <tt>category-#.php</tt> files (with their own version of the text, as described in the Introduction) for each category that needs special text at the top. </p><p>This does however create a lot of files in your theme directory, and can be avoided using the following code <b>OUTSIDE</b> the loop: </p> <pre> <?php if (is_category('Category A')) : ?> <p>This is the text to describe category A</p> <?php elseif (is_category('Category B')) : ?> <p>This is the text to describe category B</p> <?php else : ?> <p>This is some generic text to describe all other category pages, I could be left blank</p> <?php endif; ?> </pre> <p>This does the following. Checks to see if we are looking at Category A, if we are then show the first bit of text, but if we're not then check if we are looking at Category B. If we are then show that bit of text, and finally, if it is neither Category A or B, then show this default text. </p> <a name="Text_Displaying_Only_on_First_Page_of_Archive" id="Text_Displaying_Only_on_First_Page_of_Archive"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Text Displaying Only on First Page of Archive </span></h3> <p>Another thing that can happen is that if your Category contains more posts than will fit on one page (according to the Options for Blog Reading you have set in the Administration panels of your blog), the category archive will split into multiple pages. And maybe you only want to display your static text if the viewer is on the first page of results, or you want to display different text for the other pages. </p><p>To make this happen, you can use a PHP <tt>if</tt> statement, which looks at the value of the <tt>$paged</tt> WordPress variable (<tt>$paged</tt> is equal to the page number: 1 for the first page of results, 2 for the second page, etc.). It may sound complicated, but it's actually not too bad. Just put the following above <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/The_Loop" title="The Loop">The Loop</a>: </p> <pre> <?php if ( $paged < 2 ) : ?> <p>Text for first page of Category archive.</p> <?php else : ?> <p>Text for subsequent pages of Category. Can be left out.</p> <?php endif; ?> </pre> <a name="Category_Name" id="Category_Name"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Category Name </span></h3> <p>Another possibility is to put the category name at the top of the page. If this is not already part of your template, you can add it by doing something like this, above <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/The_Loop" title="The Loop">The Loop</a>: </p> <pre> <p>Category: <?php single_cat_title(); ?></p> </pre> <a name="Modifying_How_Posts_are_Displayed" id="Modifying_How_Posts_are_Displayed"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline"> Modifying How Posts are Displayed </span></h2> <a name="Excerpts_vs._Full_Posts" id="Excerpts_vs._Full_Posts"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Excerpts vs. Full Posts </span></h3> <p>Perhaps you are looking to cut down on the size of your Category pages. You could do this by displaying excerpts rather than the entire content of each Post. To do this, you will just need to find where it says <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036"><a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/the_content" title="Template Tags/the content" class="mw-redirect">the_content()</a></tt> inside <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/The_Loop" title="The Loop">The Loop</a> in your Template, and replace it with <tt style="font-weight:bold; color:#036"><a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/the_excerpt" title="Template Tags/the excerpt" class="mw-redirect">the_excerpt()</a></tt>. These will most likely be inside PHP tags: </p> <pre> <?php the_excerpt(); ?> and <?php the_content(); ?> </pre> <p>Conversely, if your Theme is currently displaying excerpts and you want full posts, replace <tt>the_excerpt</tt> with <tt>the_content</tt>. </p> <a name="Display_Images_Linking_to_Full_Posts" id="Display_Images_Linking_to_Full_Posts"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> Display Images Linking to Full Posts </span></h3> <p>Another thing that is interesting to do in a category archive page is to replace the post content with an image that links to your post. To do this, you will first need to put images into the Excerpt sections of your posts. Here's how to do that, for one post: </p> <ol><li> Upload an image on the post editing screen. </li><li> Switch to the "Code" editor, rather than the "Visual" editor. </li><li> Use the Uploads / Browse tab to insert the image into your post. Make sure to insert the full-sized image, with no link. </li><li> Copy the inserted HTML <tt>img</tt> tag, and paste it into the "Optional Excerpt" section of the post editing screen. </li><li> Finish writing the post content (you can remove the image), and publish the post. </li></ol> <p>Now you will need to modify your template. We'll use a trick: the <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/the_excerpt_rss" title="Template Tags/the excerpt rss">the_excerpt_rss()</a> Template Tag does not put a paragraph tag around the excerpt. So we can use it to insert the <tt>img</tt> HTML and put it inside a link. Here's what you need to put into your Template, in place of using <tt>the_content</tt>: </p> <pre> <a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>"> <?php the_excerpt_rss(); ?> </a> </pre> <p>Caveat: using the excerpt this way <b>may</b> affect your RSS feed, because it places an img tag in the excerpt, instead of text. So if you are going to do this, you probably want to set your options so that the full posts are put in RSS feeds, rather than excerpts. </p> <a name="What_categories_do_you_show_to_the_visitors.3F" id="What_categories_do_you_show_to_the_visitors.3F"></a><h3> <span class="mw-headline"> What categories do you show to the visitors? </span></h3> <p>You can limit the categories in archive and other pages with this code: </p> <pre> <?php query_posts('cat=1&posts_per_page='.get_option('posts_per_page')); ?> </pre> <p>This is placed before the Loop. </p><p>query_posts documentation: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/query_posts" class="external free" title="http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/query_posts">http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Tags/query_posts</a> </p><p>The <tt>get_option('posts_per_page')</tt> part of the code uses your blog's options to show a limited number of posts. </p><p>This code is very useful if you would like to separate the categories. With this code you can make multiple archives. For example: </p> <pre> <?php if (have_posts()) : ?> <?php if (is_month()) {query_posts('year='.get_the_time('Y').'&monthnum='.get_the_time('m').'&author_name=admin&cat=1&posts_per_page='.get_option('posts_per_page')); ?>  <?php endwhile; ?> <?php endif; ?> </pre> <p>If you use this code in <tt>archive.php</tt> and navigate to <tt><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116033521/http://yourblog.com/2008/02/" class="external free" title="http://yourblog.com/2008/02/">http://yourblog.com/2008/02/</a></tt>, it will show you the <tt>admin</tt> user's post that is posted on 2008.02. in the "first" category. </p> <a name="Further_Reading" id="Further_Reading"></a><h1> <span class="mw-headline"> Further Reading </span></h1> <ul><li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116033521/http://wordpress.org/support/topic/38046" class="external text" title="http://wordpress.org/support/topic/38046">Support Forum discussion of Category-based theme</a> - how to make a Theme that organizes posts by category instead of by date on the home page </li><li> <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Templates" title="Templates">Templates</a> - Comprehensive list of resources related to Themes and Templates </li></ul> <a name="Related" id="Related"></a><h1> <span class="mw-headline"> Related </span></h1> <p><a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Template_Hierarchy" title="Template Hierarchy"><b>Template Hierarchy</b></a>: <strong class="selflink">Category Templates</strong>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Tag_Templates" title="Tag Templates">Tag Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/index.php?title=Taxonomy_Templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomy Templates (page does not exist)">Taxonomy Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Pages#Page_Templates" title="Pages">Page Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Post_Type_Templates" title="Post Type Templates">Post Type Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Author_Templates" title="Author Templates">Author Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/index.php?title=Date_Templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Date Templates (page does not exist)">Date Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Creating_a_Search_Page" title="Creating a Search Page">Search Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Creating_an_Error_404_Page" title="Creating an Error 404 Page">404 Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Using_Image_and_File_Attachments#Inserting_Files" title="Using Image and File Attachments">Attachment Templates</a>, <a href="/web/20130116033521/http://codex.wordpress.org/Loop_Templates" title="Loop Templates">Loop Templates</a> </p> <div style="clear:both; 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