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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Krystallsystem</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Krystallsystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noen_strukturtyper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noen_strukturtyper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noen strukturtyper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noen_strukturtyper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strukturbestemming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strukturbestemming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Strukturbestemming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strukturbestemming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Krystallstruktur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 61 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Krystallstruktur – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krystallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystalstruktur" title="Krystalstruktur – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krystalstruktur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalstruktuur" title="Kristalstruktuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kristalstruktuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بنية بلورية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنية بلورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="کریستال قورولوشو – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کریستال قورولوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristal%C2%B7lina" title="Estructura cristal·lina – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estructura cristal·lina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Кристалла тытăм – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кристалла тытăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystalick%C3%A1_struktura" title="Krystalická struktura – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krystalická struktura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strwythur_crisial" title="Strwythur crisial – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Strwythur crisial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kristallstruktur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallistruktuur" title="Kristallistruktuur – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristallistruktuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crystal structure" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estructura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristala_strukturo" title="Kristala strukturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristala strukturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal-egitura" title="Kristal-egitura – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristal-egitura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ساختار بلوری – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختار بلوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_cristalline" title="Structure cristalline – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Structure cristalline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criostalstrucht%C3%BAr" title="Criostalstruchtúr – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Criostalstruchtúr" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estrutura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="결정 구조 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정 구조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Բյուրեղային կառուցվածք – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուրեղային կառուցվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" title="Kristalna rešetka – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kristalna rešetka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Struktur kristal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="מבנה גבישי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבנה גבישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrikti_kristalen" title="Estrikti kristalen – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estrikti kristalen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C4%81lisk%C4%81_strukt%C5%ABra" title="Kristāliskā struktūra – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristāliskā struktūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/krilysu%27a" title="krilysu'a – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="krilysu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krist%C3%A1lyszerkezet" title="Kristályszerkezet – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kristályszerkezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിസ്റ്റൽ ഘടന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktur_hablur" title="Struktur hablur – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Struktur hablur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Болрын бүтэц – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болрын бүтэц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kristalstructuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="結晶構造 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結晶構造" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristall_panjara" title="Kristall panjara – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kristall panjara" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲੈਟਿਸ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈਟਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sie%C4%87_krystaliczna" title="Sieć krystaliczna – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sieć krystaliczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrutura cristalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Structură cristalină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристаллическая структура – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристаллическая структура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creestal_structur" title="Creestal structur – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Creestal structur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktura_e_kristaleve_reale" title="Struktura e kristaleve reale – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Struktura e kristaleve reale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crystal structure" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پەیکەری بلووری – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەیکەری بلووری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристална структура – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кристална структура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kristalna struktura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiderakenne" title="Kiderakenne – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiderakenne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="படிக அமைப்பு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படிக அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="โครงสร้างผลึก – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงสร้างผลึก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Kristal yapı – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kristal yapı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кристалічна структура – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кристалічна структура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="قلمی ساخت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قلمی ساخت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cấu trúc tinh thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晶体结构" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶体结构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q895901#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Krystallstruktur" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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#36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Referansel%C3%B8s" title="Wikipedia:Referanseløs">Referanseløs</a></b>: Denne artikkelen inneholder en <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:K">liste over kilder, litteratur</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EL">eksterne lenker</a>, men enkeltopplysninger lar seg ikke <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">verifisere</a> fordi det mangler konkrete kildehenvisninger i form av fotnotebaserte <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STIL#Referanser" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:STIL">referanser</a>. Du kan hjelpe til med å sjekke opplysningene mot kildemateriale og legge inn referanser. Opplysninger uten kildehenvisning i form av referanser kan bli fjernet.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:NaCl-Ionengitter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NaCl-Ionengitter.svg/250px-NaCl-Ionengitter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NaCl-Ionengitter.svg/375px-NaCl-Ionengitter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/NaCl-Ionengitter.svg/500px-NaCl-Ionengitter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Krystallstruktur av NaCl, vanlig koksalt (halitt)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Krystallstruktur</b> er <a href="/wiki/Krystall" title="Krystall">krystallenes</a> indre bygning. En krystallstruktur defineres ved begrepene <i>gitter</i> og <i>basis</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gitter">Gitter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gitter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gitter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et gitter er tredimensjonalt, og kan beskrives som matematiske punkter, definert av tre akselengder <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i> og vinklene mellom disse. En krystallstruktur fremkommer dersom en har en identisk gruppe av et eller flere atomer på hvert gitterpunkt. </p><p>Det fins et uendelig antall gittere, men Franskmannen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Bravais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Bravais (ikke skrevet ennå)">Auguste Bravais</a> har vist at det kun behøves 14 gittere til å beskrive alle mulige krystallstrukturer og hvert av disse kalles et Bravaisgitter. Med utgangspunkt i Bravaisgitrene klassifiseres krystaller i sju <i>krystallsystemer</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis">Basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Basis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Basis"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basis i en krystallstruktur er de <i>ion</i>ene som er satt inn i krystallgitteret i det foreliggende stoffet. Fordi basis har en dårligere symmetri enn gitteret, har krystallstrukturen i et stoff en dårligere symmetri enn gitteret. Basis består minst av ett atom, men kan også bestå av tusenvis av atomer, som i <a href="/wiki/Proteiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteiner">proteinkrystaller</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Koksalt" title="Koksalt">koksalt</a> består basis av ett Na<sup>+</sup>- og ett Cl<sup>-</sup>-ion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symmetri">Symmetri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Symmetri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Symmetri"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krystallene oppviser på grunn av sin krystallstruktur ulike former for symmetri som kan observeres visuelt. Symmetrien kan beskrives ved symmetriplan, symmetriakser og symmetrisentra. Et <i>symmetriplan</i> deler en krystall i to deler, slik at de to delene speiler hverandre gjennom planet. Dersom krystallen har en akse som ligger slik at krystallen tar seg likedan ut (sett fra en fast vinkel) flere ganger mens den roterer omkring aksen, taler vi om en <i>symmetriakse</i>. Ulike krystaller kan ha <i>totallige</i>, <i>tretallige</i>, <i>firtallige</i> eller <i>sekstallige</i> symmetriakser - alt etter hvor mange ganger de gir det samme bildet som utgangsstillingen. Når en krystall har to flater som ligger symmetrisk om et punkt i midten av krystallen, har den et <i>symmetrisentrum</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Krystallsystem">Krystallsystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Krystallsystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Krystallsystem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krystallsystem er <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomenes</a> tredimensjonale gitter i enhetscellen til en <a href="/wiki/Krystall" title="Krystall">krystall</a>. </p><p>Ut ifra translasjonsvektorenes innbyrdes forhold går det an å skille mellom 14 ulike <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bravaisgitter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bravaisgitter (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bravaisgitter</a> som tilsammen med ulike typer av baser kan anvendes for å klassifisere alle krystaller. To av Bravaisgitrene har fått vanlige forkortelser: BCC (<i>Body Centered Cubic</i>) og FCC (<i>Face Centered Cubic</i>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Krystallsystem</b> </td> <td colspan="4" align="center"><b>Bravaisgitter</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triklin (ikke skrevet ennå)">Triklin</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Triclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triklin"><img alt="Triklin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/80px-Triclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/120px-Triclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/160px-Triclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="149" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoklin (ikke skrevet ennå)">Monoklin</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Monoclinic_cell.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enkelt monoklint"><img alt="Enkelt monoklint" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Monoclinic_cell.svg/80px-Monoclinic_cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Monoclinic_cell.svg/120px-Monoclinic_cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Monoclinic_cell.svg/160px-Monoclinic_cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="701" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Base-centered_monoclinic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bascentrert monoklint"><img alt="Bascentrert monoklint" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/80px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/120px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Base-centered_monoclinic.svg/160px-Base-centered_monoclinic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="143" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2," rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Enkelt </td> <td align="center">Basesentrert </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortorombisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortorombisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ortorombisk</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enkelt ortorombisk"><img alt="Enkelt ortorombisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/80px-Orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/120px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/160px-Orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basesentrert ortorombisk"><img alt="Basesentrert ortorombisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Base-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romsentrert ortorombisk"><img alt="Romsentrert ortorombisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Body-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flatesentrert ortorombisk"><img alt="Flatesentrert ortorombisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/80px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/120px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg/160px-Face-centered_orthorhombic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Enkelt </td> <td align="center">Basesentrert </td> <td align="center">Romsentrert </td> <td align="center">Flatesentrert </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetragonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetragonal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tetragonal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tetragonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enkelt tetragonal"><img alt="Enkelt tetragonal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/80px-Tetragonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/120px-Tetragonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/160px-Tetragonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Body-centered_tetragonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romdcentrert tetragonalt"><img alt="Romdcentrert tetragonalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/80px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/120px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Body-centered_tetragonal.svg/160px-Body-centered_tetragonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2," rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Enkelt </td> <td align="center">Romsentrert </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Trigonal" title="Trigonal">Trigonal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rhombohedral.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trigonal"><img alt="Trigonal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/80px-Rhombohedral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/120px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/160px-Rhombohedral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="141" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heksagonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heksagonal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Heksagonal</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heksagonalt"><img alt="Heksagonalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/80px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/120px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/160px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kubisk</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Simple_cubic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enkelt kubisk"><img alt="Enkelt kubisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_cubic.svg/80px-Simple_cubic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_cubic.svg/120px-Simple_cubic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_cubic.svg/160px-Simple_cubic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romsentrert kubisk"><img alt="Romsentrert kubisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/80px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/120px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/160px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Face-centered_cubic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flatesentrert kubisk"><img alt="Flatesentrert kubisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Face-centered_cubic.svg/80px-Face-centered_cubic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Face-centered_cubic.svg/120px-Face-centered_cubic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Face-centered_cubic.svg/160px-Face-centered_cubic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Enkelt </td> <td align="center">Romsentrert (bcc) </td> <td align="center">Flatesentrert (fcc) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noen_strukturtyper">Noen strukturtyper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Noen strukturtyper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Noen strukturtyper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blant grunnstoffene er de vanligste krystallstrukturene: </p> <ul><li><b>Kubisk tettpakning</b> (<i>ccp</i> – <i>cubic close(st) packing/packed</i>), er den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tettpakket_krystallstruktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tettpakket krystallstruktur (ikke skrevet ennå)">tettpakket krystallstruktur</a> som består av et <i>fcc</i>-gitter (kubisk flatesentrert) med et atom som base. Blant andre har <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">kobber</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">sølv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">nikkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, frossen <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">C<sub>60</sub></a> denne struktur. Ofte skiller man ikke ccp fra fcc, men i nøyaktig språkbruk er <i>fcc</i> en gittertype (et Bravaisgitter) mens <i>ccp</i> er en strukturtype.</li> <li><b>Heksagonal tettpakning</b> (<i>hcp</i> – <i>hexagonal close(st) packing/packed</i>), er den andre tettpakkede krystallstrukturen, som består av et primitivt heksagonalt gitter med som base to atomer med innbyrdes translasjonsvektor (-1/3,1/3,1/2) i cellekoordinater. Denne struktur antas av bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">kobolt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a> og frosset <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>.</li> <li><b>BCC-pakning</b> (<i>Body Centered Cubic Packing</i>), som består av et BCC-gitter (kubisk romsentrert) med som base et atom. Denne struktur er ikke like tettpakket som kubisk og heksagonal tettpakning, men det skiller ikke mange prosent. <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>, α-<a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">jern</a> og <a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a> m.fl. har denne struktur. <i>Observer at BCC egentlig er et gitter, og at det finnes mange flere strukturer som er BCC (f.eks. α-<a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, med 58 Mn-atomer i enhetscellen!) – man må altså være forsiktig når termen BCC anvendes og presiser hva som menes. Det finnes de som plederer for betegninger som <b>romsentrert pakning</b> (BCP) eller <b>romsentrert kubisk pakning</b> (BCCP) men kortformen <b>BCC-struktur</b> anses allment akseptert</i>.</li> <li><b>Diamantstruktur</b>, som består av et FCC-gitter og en base med et atom i (0,0,0) og en i (1/4,1/4,1/4). Foruten <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> har også <a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">silisium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a> denne strukturen.</li></ul> <p>Til og med molekyler kan krystallisere og bygger da enten molekylkrystaller der molekylene stables (f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">syre</a> (O<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>) eller krystaller med uendelige byggesteiner i en eller flere dimensjoner (<a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">selen</a>-kjeder, <a href="/wiki/Grafitt" title="Grafitt">grafitt</a>-sjikt). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strukturbestemming">Strukturbestemming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Strukturbestemming" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Strukturbestemming"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studier av krystallstruktur har fått stor betydning for kjemiens utvikling. Den viktigste metoden bygger på <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenkrystallografi" title="Røntgenkrystallografi">røntgenkrystallografi</a>, som går ut på at man studerer intensitet og styrke for ulike spredningsvinkler av en smal konsentrert røntgenstråle i en krystall. </p><p>Med røntgen- og nøytrondiffraksjon kan man bestemme nøyaktig posisjon for hvert atom til og med i krystaller av kompliserte molekyler, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>. Bestemming av krystallstrukturen er derfor en måte å kartlegge molekylers struktur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Kittel, Charles (2005). <i>Introduction to Solid State Physics</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-471-68057-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-471-68057-5">0-471-68057-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKrystallstruktur&rft.au=Kittel%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Solid+State+Physics&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-68057-5&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">West, Andrew (1999). <i>Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2nd ed</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-471-98756-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-471-98756-5">0-471-98756-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKrystallstruktur&rft.au=West%2C+Andrew&rft.btitle=Basic+Solid+State+Chemistry%2C+2nd+ed.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-98756-5&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Müller, Ulrich (2004). <i>Anorganische Strukturchemie</i>. Teubner, og oversatt utgave fra John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3-519-33512-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/3-519-33512-3">3-519-33512-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKrystallstruktur&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Ulrich&rft.btitle=Anorganische+Strukturchemie&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-519-33512-3&rft.pub=Teubner%2C+og+oversatt+utgave+fra+John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hägg, Gunnar (1989). <i>Allmän och oorganisk kemi</i>. Almqvist&Wiksell, Uppsala. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/91-20-09015-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/91-20-09015-3">91-20-09015-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AKrystallstruktur&rft.au=H%C3%A4gg%2C+Gunnar&rft.btitle=Allm%C3%A4n+och+oorganisk+kemi&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=91-20-09015-3&rft.pub=Almqvist%26Wiksell%2C+Uppsala&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystallstruktur&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060503215705/http://www.meinemineraliensammlung.de/victor/goldschmidt/">Viktor Goldschmidt – Der Atlas der Krystallformen</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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